Article(id=1241759328022102027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404364, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713715200000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773988094572, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1727193600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773988094572, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773988094572, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773988094572, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241759317016252418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='18', pageStart='3265', pageEnd='3456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773988091898, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991617194, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241774103024174010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241774103024174011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3271, endPage=3276, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241759329091649552, articleId=1241759328022102027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=HIV infection risk perception bias and related influencing factors among young men who have sex with men,Shandong, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the HIV infection risk perception bias and its related influencing factors among young men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shandong Province, so as to provide reference for making feasible HIV health education plans.

Methods

From April to July, 2022, young MSM were recruited in six cities in Shandong province, and a questionnaire survey was conducted and blood samples were collected to collect demographic characteristics, HIV risk perception and risk behavior of MSM. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of HIV infection risk perception bias among young MSM.

Results

A total of 978 MSM were investigated, of which 85%(831/978) were over 20 years old, 97.6%(955/978) were unmarried/divorced or widowed, 61.1%(598/978) were college educated, 2.6% (25/978) were positive for HIV antibody and 3.6%(35/978) for syphilis antibody. 47.1%(461/978) had HIV infection risk perception bias, of which 54.0%(249/461) underestimate the risk and 46.0%(212/461) overestimate the risk. Logistic regression analysis showed that unmarried/divorced/widowed (OR=11.693,95%CI:1.546-88.407) and having no or low risk of new drugs (OR=2.041,95%CI:1.477-2.825) were the risk factors for underestimating the risk. Household registration in Shandong province (OR=2.618,95%CI:1.397-4.902), college education or above (OR=1.728, 95%CI:1.206-2.475), homosexuality (OR=2.532, 95%CI:1.093-5.845), having general or high risk of new drugs(OR=8.323, 95%CI:4.602-15.052), who had not received AIDS intervention (OR=2.288,95%CI:1.224-4.292) and had not taken preventive drugs before exposure (OR=11.905,95%CI: 3.663-38.462) were the risk factors for overestimating the risk.

Conclusion

HIV infection risk perception bias among young MSM in Shandong Province is high, and HIV risk behaviors are widespread. It is necessary to strengthen the education of MSM who have low self-rated HIV infection risk but have high-risk behaviors, improve risk awareness and reduce the occurrence of dangerous behaviors.

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目的

了解山东省年轻男男性行为者HIV感染风险认知偏差现状及相关影响因素,为制定切实可行的HIV健康教育计划提供参考依据。

方法

2022年4~7月,在山东省6个城市招募年轻MSM,开展问卷调查并采集血样,收集MSM的人口学特征、HIV风险认知、风险行为等情况。采用logistic回归模型分析年轻MSM HIV感染风险认知偏差的影响因素。

结果

共调查年轻MSM 978人,≥20岁占85%(831/978),未婚/离异/丧偶者占97.6%(955/978),大专及以上文化程度占61.1%(598/978),2.6%(25/978)HIV抗体检测阳性,3.6%(35/978)梅毒抗体检测结果阳性,HIV感染风险认知偏差者占47.1%(461/978),其中,54.0%(249/461)低估风险,46.0%(212/461)高估风险。Logistic回归分析结果显示,未婚/离异/丧偶(OR=11.693,95% CI:1.546 ~88.407)、自评新型毒品的危害为无或较低(OR=2.041,95% CI:1.477~2.825)是低估风险的危险因素;本省户籍(OR=2.618,95% CI:1.397~4.902)、大专及以上文化程度(OR=1.728,95% CI:1.206~2.475)、同性恋(OR=2.532,95% CI:1.093~5.845)、自评新型毒品的危害为一般或较高(OR=8.323,95% CI:4.602~15.052)、没有接受过艾滋病干预(OR=2.288,95% CI:1.224~4.292)、没有服用过暴露前预防用药(OR=11.905,95% CI: 3.663~38.462)是高估风险的危险因素。

结论

山东省年轻男男性行为者HIV感染风险认知偏差比例较高,HIV风险行为广泛存在,应重点加强自评HIV感染风险低但却有高危行为的MSM的教育,提高风险意识,减少危险行为的发生。

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黄鹏翔,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=HxWtFlpJlKc2AIxacTlhtg==, magXml=5EiRn9eSU7PbMOqwzK41Rg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=viTqVpkXuFlR/4GHMXysBw==, pdfFileSize=618242, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=07cKB84qHiVLF+jya4g2IQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

马霜(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:艾滋病预防与控制

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Relationship between new-type drug use and high risk sex behavior in men who have sex with men[J]. Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, 2020, 41(11): 1882-1887.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Relationship between new-type drug use and high risk sex behavior in men who have sex with men, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241759351237575357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759328022102027, awardId=2017YFE0103800, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2017YFE0103800), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241759351480845001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759328022102027, awardId=2019WS427; 2019WS430, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省医药卫生科技发展计划(2019WS427; 2019WS430), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241759334393249836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759328022102027, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759334418415662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759328022102027, companyId=1241759334393249836, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong 250012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759334460358704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759328022102027, companyId=1241759334393249836, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院,山东 济南 250012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241759334678462519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759328022102027, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759334691045432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759328022102027, companyId=1241759334678462519, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.山东省疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241759348981039753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759328022102027, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Univariate analysis of HIV infection risk perception bias among men who have sex with men aged 16~24 in Shandong province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征总计
(n=978)
低估风险高估风险
例数比例(%)单因素分析例数比例(%)单因素分析
χ2Pχ2P
年龄(岁)
16~19147(15.0)47(32.0)3.8670.04920(13.6)6.6390.010
≥20831(85.0)202(24.3)192(23.1)
与女性婚姻状况
在婚或同居23(2.4)1(4.3)5.5320.0192(8.7)1.6200.203
未婚/离异/丧偶955(97.6)248(26.0)210(22.0)
户籍所在地
本省888(90.8)233(26.2)3.0830.079199(22.4)3.0540.081
外省90(9.2)16(17.8)13(14.4)
在本地居住时间(年)
≤2107(11.0)25(23.4)0.2780.59822(20.6)0.0880.767
>2871(89.0)224(25.7)190(21.8)
文化程度
高中及以下380(38.9)106(27.9)1.9410.16460(15.8)12.688<0.001
大专及以上598(61.1)143(23.9)152(25.4)
性取向
同性恋917(93.8)231(25.2)0.5620.454205(22.4)3.9880.046
异性恋/双性恋/不确定61(6.2)18(29.5)7(11.5)
寻找男伴的场所
酒吧/歌舞厅等47(4.8)17(36.2)2.9840.0848(17.0)0.6300.427
互联网/交友软件931(95.2)232(24.9)204(21.9)
艾滋病知晓情况
不知晓22(2.3)2(9.1)3.1780.0757(31.8)0.8210.365
知晓956(97.8)247(25.8)205(21.4)
自评新型毒品危害
无或较低253 (25.9)92 (36.4)21.38<0.00113(5.1)54.983<0.001
一般或高725 (74.1)157(21.7)199(27.4)
接受过艾滋病干预
47 (4.8)7 (14.9)2.9050.08822(46.8)18.367<0.001
931 (95.2)242(26.0)190(20.4)
服用过暴露前预防用药
881(90.1)221(25.1)0.6580.417209(23.7)21.904<0.001
97(9.9)28(28.9)3(3.1)
服用过暴露后预防用药a
906(92.7)226(24.9)1.9240.165203(22.4)3.6690.055
71(7.3)23(32.4)9(12.7)
HIV抗体检测结果
阴性953(97.4)241(25.3)0.5780.447211(22.1)4.7220.030
阳性25(2.6)8(32.0)1(4.0)
梅毒检测结果
阴性943(96.4)240(25.5)0.0010.972204(21.6)0.0300.863
阳性35(3.6)9(25.7)8(22.9)
), ArticleFig(id=1241759349140423314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759328022102027, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

山东省16~24岁MSM HIV风险认知偏差情况单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征总计
(n=978)
低估风险高估风险
例数比例(%)单因素分析例数比例(%)单因素分析
χ2Pχ2P
年龄(岁)
16~19147(15.0)47(32.0)3.8670.04920(13.6)6.6390.010
≥20831(85.0)202(24.3)192(23.1)
与女性婚姻状况
在婚或同居23(2.4)1(4.3)5.5320.0192(8.7)1.6200.203
未婚/离异/丧偶955(97.6)248(26.0)210(22.0)
户籍所在地
本省888(90.8)233(26.2)3.0830.079199(22.4)3.0540.081
外省90(9.2)16(17.8)13(14.4)
在本地居住时间(年)
≤2107(11.0)25(23.4)0.2780.59822(20.6)0.0880.767
>2871(89.0)224(25.7)190(21.8)
文化程度
高中及以下380(38.9)106(27.9)1.9410.16460(15.8)12.688<0.001
大专及以上598(61.1)143(23.9)152(25.4)
性取向
同性恋917(93.8)231(25.2)0.5620.454205(22.4)3.9880.046
异性恋/双性恋/不确定61(6.2)18(29.5)7(11.5)
寻找男伴的场所
酒吧/歌舞厅等47(4.8)17(36.2)2.9840.0848(17.0)0.6300.427
互联网/交友软件931(95.2)232(24.9)204(21.9)
艾滋病知晓情况
不知晓22(2.3)2(9.1)3.1780.0757(31.8)0.8210.365
知晓956(97.8)247(25.8)205(21.4)
自评新型毒品危害
无或较低253 (25.9)92 (36.4)21.38<0.00113(5.1)54.983<0.001
一般或高725 (74.1)157(21.7)199(27.4)
接受过艾滋病干预
47 (4.8)7 (14.9)2.9050.08822(46.8)18.367<0.001
931 (95.2)242(26.0)190(20.4)
服用过暴露前预防用药
881(90.1)221(25.1)0.6580.417209(23.7)21.904<0.001
97(9.9)28(28.9)3(3.1)
服用过暴露后预防用药a
906(92.7)226(24.9)1.9240.165203(22.4)3.6690.055
71(7.3)23(32.4)9(12.7)
HIV抗体检测结果
阴性953(97.4)241(25.3)0.5780.447211(22.1)4.7220.030
阳性25(2.6)8(32.0)1(4.0)
梅毒检测结果
阴性943(96.4)240(25.5)0.0010.972204(21.6)0.0300.863
阳性35(3.6)9(25.7)8(22.9)
), ArticleFig(id=1241759349278835352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759328022102027, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

HIV infection risk perception bias and related influencing factors among men who have sex with men aged 16~24 in Shandong province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征低估风险高估风险
OR值(95%CI)POR值(95%CI)P
年龄(岁)
16~191.259(0.848~1.869)0.2531
≥2011.332(0.772~2.299)0.303
与女性婚姻状况
在婚或同居1--
未婚/离异/丧偶11.693(1.546~88.407)0.017--
户籍所在地
本省1.449(0.820~2.564)0.2022.618(1.397~4.902)0.003
外省11
文化程度
高中及以下--1
大专及以上--1.728(1.206~2.475)0.003
性取向
同性恋--2.532(1.093~5.845)0.030
异性恋/双性恋/不确定--1
寻找男伴的场所
酒吧/歌舞厅等1.631(0.867~3.077)0.129--
互联网/交友软件1--
艾滋病知晓情况
不知晓1--
知晓3.770(0.865~16.431)0.077--
自评新型毒品危害
无或较低2.041(1.477~2.825)<0.0011
一般或高18.323(4.602~15.052)<0.001
接受过艾滋病干预
12.288(1.224~4.292)0.010
1.896(0.832~4.323)0.1281
服用过暴露前预防用药
--11.905(3.663~38.462)<0.001
--1
服用过暴露后预防用药a
--1.376(0.630~3.003)0.423
--1
HIV抗体检测结果
阴性--7.463(0.983~55.556)0.052
阳性--1
), ArticleFig(id=1241759349509522084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759328022102027, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

山东省16~24岁MSM HIV风险认知偏差影响因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征低估风险高估风险
OR值(95%CI)POR值(95%CI)P
年龄(岁)
16~191.259(0.848~1.869)0.2531
≥2011.332(0.772~2.299)0.303
与女性婚姻状况
在婚或同居1--
未婚/离异/丧偶11.693(1.546~88.407)0.017--
户籍所在地
本省1.449(0.820~2.564)0.2022.618(1.397~4.902)0.003
外省11
文化程度
高中及以下--1
大专及以上--1.728(1.206~2.475)0.003
性取向
同性恋--2.532(1.093~5.845)0.030
异性恋/双性恋/不确定--1
寻找男伴的场所
酒吧/歌舞厅等1.631(0.867~3.077)0.129--
互联网/交友软件1--
艾滋病知晓情况
不知晓1--
知晓3.770(0.865~16.431)0.077--
自评新型毒品危害
无或较低2.041(1.477~2.825)<0.0011
一般或高18.323(4.602~15.052)<0.001
接受过艾滋病干预
12.288(1.224~4.292)0.010
1.896(0.832~4.323)0.1281
服用过暴露前预防用药
--11.905(3.663~38.462)<0.001
--1
服用过暴露后预防用药a
--1.376(0.630~3.003)0.423
--1
HIV抗体检测结果
阴性--7.463(0.983~55.556)0.052
阳性--1
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山东省年轻男男性行为者HIV感染风险认知偏差及相关影响因素
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马霜 1 , 廖玫珍 2 , 王国永 2 , 郝连正 2 , 朱晓艳 2 , 赵帅 2 , 康殿民 1, 2 , 黄鹏翔 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(18): 3271-3276
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(18): 3271-3276
山东省年轻男男性行为者HIV感染风险认知偏差及相关影响因素
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马霜1, 廖玫珍2, 王国永2, 郝连正2, 朱晓艳2, 赵帅2, 康殿民1, 2, 黄鹏翔2
作者信息
  • 1.山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院,山东 济南 250012
  • 2.山东省疾病预防控制中心
  • 马霜(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:艾滋病预防与控制

通讯作者:

黄鹏翔,E-mail:
HIV infection risk perception bias and related influencing factors among young men who have sex with men,Shandong
Shuang MA1, Mei-zhen LIAO2, Guo-yong WANG2, Lian-zheng HAO2, Xiao-yan ZHU2, Shuai ZHAO2, Dian-min KANG1, 2, Peng-xiang HUANG2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong 250012, China
出版时间: 2024-09-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404364
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目的

了解山东省年轻男男性行为者HIV感染风险认知偏差现状及相关影响因素,为制定切实可行的HIV健康教育计划提供参考依据。

方法

2022年4~7月,在山东省6个城市招募年轻MSM,开展问卷调查并采集血样,收集MSM的人口学特征、HIV风险认知、风险行为等情况。采用logistic回归模型分析年轻MSM HIV感染风险认知偏差的影响因素。

结果

共调查年轻MSM 978人,≥20岁占85%(831/978),未婚/离异/丧偶者占97.6%(955/978),大专及以上文化程度占61.1%(598/978),2.6%(25/978)HIV抗体检测阳性,3.6%(35/978)梅毒抗体检测结果阳性,HIV感染风险认知偏差者占47.1%(461/978),其中,54.0%(249/461)低估风险,46.0%(212/461)高估风险。Logistic回归分析结果显示,未婚/离异/丧偶(OR=11.693,95% CI:1.546 ~88.407)、自评新型毒品的危害为无或较低(OR=2.041,95% CI:1.477~2.825)是低估风险的危险因素;本省户籍(OR=2.618,95% CI:1.397~4.902)、大专及以上文化程度(OR=1.728,95% CI:1.206~2.475)、同性恋(OR=2.532,95% CI:1.093~5.845)、自评新型毒品的危害为一般或较高(OR=8.323,95% CI:4.602~15.052)、没有接受过艾滋病干预(OR=2.288,95% CI:1.224~4.292)、没有服用过暴露前预防用药(OR=11.905,95% CI: 3.663~38.462)是高估风险的危险因素。

结论

山东省年轻男男性行为者HIV感染风险认知偏差比例较高,HIV风险行为广泛存在,应重点加强自评HIV感染风险低但却有高危行为的MSM的教育,提高风险意识,减少危险行为的发生。

艾滋病  /  男男性行为者  /  HIV感染风险认知偏差  /  HIV感染行为
Objective

To understand the HIV infection risk perception bias and its related influencing factors among young men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shandong Province, so as to provide reference for making feasible HIV health education plans.

Methods

From April to July, 2022, young MSM were recruited in six cities in Shandong province, and a questionnaire survey was conducted and blood samples were collected to collect demographic characteristics, HIV risk perception and risk behavior of MSM. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of HIV infection risk perception bias among young MSM.

Results

A total of 978 MSM were investigated, of which 85%(831/978) were over 20 years old, 97.6%(955/978) were unmarried/divorced or widowed, 61.1%(598/978) were college educated, 2.6% (25/978) were positive for HIV antibody and 3.6%(35/978) for syphilis antibody. 47.1%(461/978) had HIV infection risk perception bias, of which 54.0%(249/461) underestimate the risk and 46.0%(212/461) overestimate the risk. Logistic regression analysis showed that unmarried/divorced/widowed (OR=11.693,95%CI:1.546-88.407) and having no or low risk of new drugs (OR=2.041,95%CI:1.477-2.825) were the risk factors for underestimating the risk. Household registration in Shandong province (OR=2.618,95%CI:1.397-4.902), college education or above (OR=1.728, 95%CI:1.206-2.475), homosexuality (OR=2.532, 95%CI:1.093-5.845), having general or high risk of new drugs(OR=8.323, 95%CI:4.602-15.052), who had not received AIDS intervention (OR=2.288,95%CI:1.224-4.292) and had not taken preventive drugs before exposure (OR=11.905,95%CI: 3.663-38.462) were the risk factors for overestimating the risk.

Conclusion

HIV infection risk perception bias among young MSM in Shandong Province is high, and HIV risk behaviors are widespread. It is necessary to strengthen the education of MSM who have low self-rated HIV infection risk but have high-risk behaviors, improve risk awareness and reduce the occurrence of dangerous behaviors.

AIDS  /  Men who have sex with men  /  HIV infection risk perception bias  /  HIV infection behavior
马霜, 廖玫珍, 王国永, 郝连正, 朱晓艳, 赵帅, 康殿民, 黄鹏翔. 山东省年轻男男性行为者HIV感染风险认知偏差及相关影响因素. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (18) : 3271 -3276 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404364
Shuang MA, Mei-zhen LIAO, Guo-yong WANG, Lian-zheng HAO, Xiao-yan ZHU, Shuai ZHAO, Dian-min KANG, Peng-xiang HUANG. HIV infection risk perception bias and related influencing factors among young men who have sex with men,Shandong[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (18) : 3271 -3276 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404364
艾滋病由感染艾滋病病毒(Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV)引起,是一种危害极大的传染病。相较于普通人,MSM (Men who have sex with men, MSM) 感染HIV的风险更高,我国2022年新报告HIV/AIDS病例中,经男性同性性传播占25.6%,呈逐年上升趋势[1-2]。16~24岁青少年MSM处于性活跃期,自我保护意识较差,已成为HIV感染的主要高危人群之一[3]。风险认知是人们对自身风险的主观感受,与个人决策密切相关,是影响行为改变的重要因素[4-5]。HIV感染风险认知偏差是指自我感知HIV感染风险与实际感染风险之间的不一致。正确的HIV感染风险认知对MSM规避高危行为、采取预防措施具有重要意义[4-7]。本研究通过分析山东省年轻MSM HIV感染风险认知偏差情况并探讨相关影响因素,为提高年轻MSM HIV感染风险认知准确率,早期采取预防行为提供参考依据。
根据《全国艾滋病哨点监测实施方案(2022 年修订版)》,在山东省济南市、青岛市、烟台市、潍坊市、日照市和临沂市6个城市,招募年龄在16~24岁之间,最近一年有过插入性口交或肛交同性性行为的男性。研究对象知情同意,自愿参加本次调查。本研究通过了山东省疾病预防控制中心预防医学伦理委员会批准(编号:伦研批第2021-69号)。
采用横断面调查的研究方法,2022年4至7月,在社会组织的帮助下,通过滚雪球、场所及网络等方式招募16~24岁MSM。面对面问卷调查并采集血样,收集研究对象的一般情况、艾滋病知晓情况、自评HIV感染风险情况、HIV感染行为情况、暴露前后预防用药情况等。
(1)自评 HIV 感染风险:根据题目“你认为自己感染上HIV的风险有多高?”回答“无或较低”者认为自评HIV感染为低风险,回答“一般、较高或很高”者认为自评HIV感染为中高风险。(2)HIV感染行为:存在其中一种行为(与固定性伴、临时性伴、商业性伴、同性性伴、异性性伴发生性行为时未做到每次使用安全套),或存在多性伴、吸毒等行为即认定为具有HIV感染行为。(3)HIV感染风险认知偏差:指自评HIV感染风险与实际感染风险之间的不一致。包括①低估风险:发生HIV感染行为者中自评HIV感染为低风险;②高估风险:未发生HIV感染行为者中自评HIV感染为中高风险[8]
按照国家哨点监测方案要求,采集静脉血5 mL进行HIV和梅毒血清学检测。HIV抗体初筛采用ELISA-1试剂(英科新创科技股份有限公司),所有初筛阳性的样品用另一种不同原理或厂家的ELISA-2试剂(北京万泰生物药业股份有限公司)进行复检。两次检测结果均呈阳性时,即可判定HIV抗体阳性。梅毒抗体初筛采用ELISA试剂(北京万泰生物药业股份有限公司),初筛阳性者采用非特异性检测方法—梅毒甲苯胺红不加热血清试验诊断试剂(RPR/TRUST)(北京金豪制药股份有限公司)进行复检,两次检测均为阳性即可判定为梅毒抗体阳性。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。采用频数、构成比描述研究对象的基本特征,采用χ2检验比较研究对象HIV感染风险认知偏差的差异情况。构建logistic回归模型,分析年轻MSM HIV感染风险认知偏差的相关影响因素,将单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的变量(P<0.10)纳入多因素分析。双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
共调查978名研究对象,≥20岁占85%(831/978),未婚/离异/丧偶者占97.6%(955/978),本省户籍者占90.8%(888/978),在本地居住时长>2年者占89.1%(871/978),大专及以上文化程度占61.1%(598/978),性取向为同性恋占93.8%(917/978)。95.2%(931/978)在互联网/交友软件寻找男伴,97.8%(956/978)知晓艾滋病知识。
使用情况 95.2%(931/978)最近6个月与同性发生肛交,其中49.3%(459/931)非100%使用安全套;64.1%(627/931)肛交最主要性伴是临时性伴,17.3%(169/931)最近6个月发生多人性行为,11.3%(111/931)最近6个月发生同性商业性行为,其中64.7%(72/111)非100%使用安全套;4.9%(40/978)发生异性性行为,其中50.0%(20/40)非100%使用安全套;15.1%(148/978)使用新型毒品。
92.7%(906/977)服用过暴露后预防药物,9.9%(97/978)服用过暴露前预防药物。2.6%(25/978)HIV抗体检测结果阳性,3.6%(35/978)梅毒抗体检测结果阳性。
49.4%(483/978)自评HIV感染风险为低风险, 50.6%(495/978) 自评HIV感染风险为中高风险,54.4%(532/978)具有HIV感染风险行为。根据相关定义可得,HIV感染风险认知偏差者占47.1%(461/978),其中,低估风险者占54.0%(249/461),高估风险者占46.0%(212/461);风险感知与行为相符者占52.9%(517/978)。详细结果见表1
χ2结果显示,山东省年轻MSM低估风险与年龄、婚姻状况、户籍、寻找男伴场所、艾滋病知晓情况、自评新型毒品危害、接受过艾滋病干预有关,高估风险与年龄、户籍、文化程度、性取向、自评新型毒品危害、接受过艾滋病干预、服用过暴露前后预防用药、HIV抗体检测结果有关(P<0.1)。详细结果见表1。Logistic回归分析结果显示,未婚/离异/丧偶(OR=11.693,95% CI:1.546 ~88.407)、自评新型毒品的危害为无或较低(OR=2.041,95% CI:1.477~2.825)的MSM更易低估风险;本省户籍(OR=2.618,95% CI:1.397~4.902)、大专及以上文化程度(OR=1.728,95% CI:1.206~2.475)、同性恋(OR=2.532,95% CI:1.093~5.845)、自评新型毒品的危害为一般或较高(OR=8.323,95% CI:4.602~15.052)、没有接受过艾滋病干预(OR=2.288,95% CI:1.224~4.292),没有服用过暴露前预防用药(OR=11.905,95% CI: 3.663~38.462)的MSM更易高估风险。详细结果见表2
健康信念模型、保护动机理论、行为改变的阶段理论等均强调了风险认知对采纳健康行为的重要性[9-11]。风险认知受个人心理、性格、社会环境等多因素的影响,只有个人感知到具有较大的风险与威胁时,才更愿意终止危险做法,采取健康行为。但研究表明,部分MSM尚不能根据自身表现及所处环境正确判断感染HIV的风险,产生风险认知偏差,继而对使用安全套、寻求咨询、暴露前后预防用药等良好行为的采纳造成影响[12-14]。在本研究中,97.8% MSM知晓艾滋病基本知识,但超过一半的MSM在有高危行为后仍自评HIV感染为低风险。这说明针对MSM的教育仅停留在知识宣讲层面,在提高HIV感染意识层面有所欠缺。今后,应为MSM提供综合的教育和支持措施。
本研究发现,山东省年轻MSM产生HIV感染风险认知偏差的比例为47.1%,远高于刘珺等对广东省青年学生的研究[8]。在风险认知偏差者中,54.0%低估风险,46.0%高估风险,与Kamire等、Basten等、蔡于茂等的研究结论相一致,MSM等HIV感染高危人群通常具有较低的风险认知,在发生高危性行为后更易低估感染风险[15-17]。本研究中,54.4%的MSM发生过群交、非100%使用安全套、吸毒等HIV风险行为。可见,山东省年轻MSM HIV感染行为发生率高,对HIV风险认知较低,自评HIV感染风险与实际感染风险存在一定差距。
多因素分析结果显示未婚、离异或丧偶的年轻MSM更易低估HIV感染风险。本次调查的MSM以未婚为主,性行为较为活跃,更倾向于冒险和尝试新事物,为追求刺激更易采取风险较高的做法。但由于预防知识储备不足、性心理发育不完善等特点[18],他们往往对自身HIV感染风险认知有误,较易产生风险认知偏差。平衡HIV感染风险的认知是非常重要的,过度担心和高估这种风险也会带来不利影响,严重者甚至会产生“恐艾症”,导致不必要的焦虑、疑病等心理症状,伴随反复咨询、反复就医、反复检测等强迫行为[19-20]。这不仅会给个体带来伤害,也会造成医疗资源的浪费,对社会产生广泛的负面影响。本研究发现,大专及以上文化程度、同性恋、没有接受过艾滋病干预,没有服用过暴露前预防用药是MSM高估风险的影响因素。文化程度越高的MSM可能对自身健康越在意,在搜集相关信息的过程中可能会误解或过度解读有关HIV传播和风险的信息,增大了高估HIV感染风险的可能性;相比于异性恋MSM,同性恋者MSM在两性关系的交往中更易暴露身份,为避免受到歧视和排斥,他们可能会更加谨慎,从而过度估计了HIV感染的风险[21]。没有接受过艾滋病干预的MSM可能对HIV相关知识存在“一知半解”的情况,从而易于放大自己的风险认知。暴露前预防用药指尚未感染HIV的人在发生高危行为前服用特定的抗病毒药物,是HIV综合预防方案的关键组成部分,可以显著降低高危人群感染HIV的风险[22]。但由于价格昂贵等原因,山东省MSM暴露前预防用药接受度不高,在没有采取预防措施的情况下,可能会认为自己感染的风险更大[23]。所以需要采取相应措施,帮助年轻MSM正确评估自身的感染风险。
冰毒、K粉等新型毒品目前已在MSM中流行,它的使用往往与多性伴、群交等危险性行为联系在一起,是HIV感染的催化剂[24]。本研究发现,对新型毒品危害的评价与MSM HIV风险认知偏差密切相关。自评新型毒品危害较低者更易低估自身HIV感染风险,这部分MSM可能存在对新型毒品的错误认知,会为了获得更满足的性体验而使用新型毒品,加速了HIV的流行与传播。自评新型毒品危害较高者会不使用或减少使用新型毒品,但受个人心理与行为影响,仍然会感知到较大的HIV感染威胁。因此应加强对年轻MSM的健康教育,树立正确的风险意识,促进行为改变。本研究尚未发现艾滋病知识知晓情况与风险认知偏差之间的关联,今后应结合具体情况进行分析。
本研究存在一定的局限性。横断面研究无法获得风险认知偏差与相关因素的因果关系,经MSM自我报告收集相关信息,由于涉及敏感问题,可能存在应答偏倚,对研究结果产生一定影响。本研究中,HIV风险认知偏差的测量维度较为单一,今后应尽可能使用信效度较高的测评工具。
综上所述,山东省大部分年轻MSM HIV风险认知较低,发生HIV感染行为的比例较高,风险认知偏差情况较严重,低估风险与高估风险的现象同时存在。要重点关注未婚、自评新型毒品危害低、HIV风险认知低的MSM,开展针对性的风险评估咨询,制定实际有效的健康教育计划;要准确识别过度高估HIV感染风险者,消除对HIV感染的误解与偏见,鼓励寻求适当的医疗保健和心理支持,深化MSM对不安全性行为与HIV感染风险之间的关系认知,提高风险认知准确率。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2017YFE0103800)
  • 山东省医药卫生科技发展计划(2019WS427; 2019WS430)
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2024年第51卷第18期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404364
  • 接收时间:2024-04-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-22
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国家重点研发计划(2017YFE0103800)
山东省医药卫生科技发展计划(2019WS427; 2019WS430)
作者信息
    1.山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院,山东 济南 250012
    2.山东省疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
Number of
genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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