Article(id=1241759327975964682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404277, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713196800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773988094561, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1727193600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773988094561, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773988094561, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773988094561, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241759317016252418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='18', pageStart='3265', pageEnd='3456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773988091898, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991617194, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241774103024174010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241774103024174011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3283, endPage=3288, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241759329603354644, articleId=1241759327975964682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of the trend of death and potential life loss of acute myocardial infarction in Nanning residents, 2015-2023, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the trend of acute myocardial infarction mortality and potential life loss among residents in Nanning City from 2015 to 2023, and provide a basis for formulating chronic disease prevention and control policies.

Methods

To collate the death cause monitoring data of the whole population in Nanning City. Crude mortality, standardized mortality, age-specific mortality, composition ratio, potential years of life lost ( PYLL%), standardized years of life lost (SPYLL%) and average years of life lost (AYLL) were calculated.Joinpointlog-linear regression model was used for trend analysis.

Results

From 2015 to 2023, a total of 38 870 deaths from acute myocardial infarction were reported in 12 counties (cities, districts) of Nanning City, including 22 566 males and 16 304 females. The crude mortality rate was 59.84/100 000, and the standardized mortality rate was 53.70/100 000. The crude mortality rate and standardized mortality rate both showed a stable trend, with AAPC values of -1.408 and -2.892, and P values of 0.443 and 0.054, respectively. The mortality rate increases with age and shows a linear increase after the age of 40. The proportion of pre hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction ranged from 81.53% to 87.29%, which was at a high level, but showed an overall downward trend (AAPC=-0.552%, P=0.007). The potential life loss rate ranged from 0.33% to 0.42%, with an average life loss of 6.02 years to 7.03 years, and the trend of change was not statistically significant. However, the potential life loss rate and average life loss of women showed a downward trend, with AAPC values of -5.941% and -3.475%, respectively, and P values of 0.01.

Conclusion

The mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction in Nanning City is relatively high, and the potential loss of life is severe. Pre hospital emergency treatment and health education for acute myocardial infarction should be strengthened, and the elderly and men are the key population for prevention and con.

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目的

分析2015—2023年南宁市居民急性心肌梗死死亡及潜在寿命损失的变化趋势,为制定慢性病防控政策提供依据。

方法

整理南宁市全人群死因监测数据,计算粗死亡率、标化死亡率、年龄别死亡率、构成比、潜在减寿率(PYLL%)、标化减寿率(SPYLL%)和平均减寿年数(AYLL)等指标,采用Joinpoint对数线性回归模型做趋势分析。

结果

2015—2023年南宁市12县(市、区)共报告急性心肌梗死死亡病例38 870例,其中男性22 566例,女性16 304例;粗死亡率为59.84/10万,标化死亡率为53.70/10万;粗死亡率及标化死亡率均呈稳定趋势,AAPC分别为-1.408和-2.892,P值分别为0.443和0.054;死亡率随年龄的增加而增加,40岁后呈直线上升;急性心肌梗死院前死亡构成比为81.53%~87.29%,处于较高水平,但整体呈现下降趋势(AAPC=-0.552%,P=0.007);潜在减寿率在0.33%~0.42%,平均减寿年数6.02年-7.03年,变化趋势均无统计学意义,但女性的潜在减寿率及平均减寿年数均呈下降趋势,AAPC分别为-5.941%和-3.475%,P值均小于0.05。

结论

南宁市急性心肌梗死死亡率较高,潜在寿命损失较严重,应加强急性心肌梗死院前急救及健康教育工作,老年人、男性是防控的重点人群。

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秦奎,E-mail:
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黄建双(1979—),女,本科,副主任医师,研究方向:健康教育与健康促进

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Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, 2023, 44(2): 250-256.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis on incidence, mortality and disease burden of acute myocardial infarction inQingdao, 2014-2020, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241759352307122937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327975964682, awardId=Z20200959, language=CN, fundingSource=广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹经费科研课题(Z20200959), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241759335890616414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327975964682, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759335940948064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327975964682, companyId=1241759335890616414, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759335961919585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327975964682, companyId=1241759335890616414, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.广西壮族自治区南宁市疾病预防控制中心,广西 南宁 530021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241759336129691751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327975964682, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759336138080360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327975964682, companyId=1241759336129691751, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241759346644812385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327975964682, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Mortality Rates of Acute Myocardial Infarction among Different Age Groups in Nanning City from 2015 to 2023, figureFileSmall=gYW6IjwgdMDGh7cU6SmW/A==, figureFileBig=Sn0AgsHOshJ9ijzYBsdc1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241759348536443497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327975964682, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2015—2023年南宁市不同年龄段急性心肌梗死死亡率, figureFileSmall=gYW6IjwgdMDGh7cU6SmW/A==, figureFileBig=Sn0AgsHOshJ9ijzYBsdc1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241759349186560661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327975964682, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mortality Rate and Trend of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Nanning City from 2015 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份粗死亡率(1/105标化死亡率(1/105
合计合计
201566.3649.0958.0971.4044.4957.84
201668.2451.3360.2366.7640.8654.00
201769.9156.2863.3072.3047.9559.91
201871.9258.2565.3673.2048.6360.86
201972.1562.0867.3371.0652.2061.68
202067.4656.8862.3965.4646.4255.84
202158.3346.5952.6553.3234.6743.88
202267.8549.4758.9564.2839.4851.69
202362.5242.7452.9458.9733.2245.95
AAPC(%)-1.130-1.762-1.408-2.630-3.225-2.892
t-1.363-1.021-0.767-2.516-1.038-2.310
P值(95%CI)0.215(-3.060~0.838)0.307(-5.059~1.650)0.443(-4.918~2.233)0.040a(-5.039~-0.161)0.2999(-9.032~2.954)0.054(-5.765~0.069)
), ArticleFig(id=1241759349471773346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327975964682, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2015—2023年南宁市急性心肌梗死死亡率及变化趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份粗死亡率(1/105标化死亡率(1/105
合计合计
201566.3649.0958.0971.4044.4957.84
201668.2451.3360.2366.7640.8654.00
201769.9156.2863.3072.3047.9559.91
201871.9258.2565.3673.2048.6360.86
201972.1562.0867.3371.0652.2061.68
202067.4656.8862.3965.4646.4255.84
202158.3346.5952.6553.3234.6743.88
202267.8549.4758.9564.2839.4851.69
202362.5242.7452.9458.9733.2245.95
AAPC(%)-1.130-1.762-1.408-2.630-3.225-2.892
t-1.363-1.021-0.767-2.516-1.038-2.310
P值(95%CI)0.215(-3.060~0.838)0.307(-5.059~1.650)0.443(-4.918~2.233)0.040a(-5.039~-0.161)0.2999(-9.032~2.954)0.054(-5.765~0.069)
), ArticleFig(id=1241759351019471534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327975964682, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Trends in Mortality Rates of Acute Myocardial Infarction among Different Age Groups in Nanning City from 2015 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份0~19岁20~24岁25~29岁30~34岁35~39岁40~44岁45~49岁50~54岁
20150.160.902.375.869.9417.2125.9756.13
20160.182.024.315.049.1319.3523.5261.87
20170.352.342.497.207.7021.4520.5263.57
20180.232.302.608.699.7118.6024.6656.84
20190.304.222.434.997.6218.7124.0337.28
20200.530.752.485.139.8213.8821.9035.37
20210.192.431.113.976.5112.4922.9927.37
20220.303.632.764.9511.2617.4623.2236.22
20230.201.951.874.479.4822.1820.7734.22
AAPC3.4516.548-6.368-4.6460.192-1.107-1.363-9.132
t0.6590.847-1.541-1.6950.082-0.435-1.467-4.121
P0.5300.4240.1670.1340.9370.6770.1850.004a
年份55~59岁60~64岁65~69岁70~74岁75~79岁80~84岁≥85岁
201559.3397.68175.26278.48501.25914.701 910.76
201651.95100.55162.65238.57408.30816.901 916.39
201750.18102.27179.39241.56468.97988.722 357.68
201851.58102.27173.05254.83476.30960.942 526.68
201959.6883.57151.00284.33557.39991.432 666.36
202057.6575.27131.67265.24505.83915.512 347.67
202151.1982.27113.84205.76368.79623.561 727.04
202267.6777.28136.34229.45404.28749.832 089.62
202356.5269.60123.50206.37351.60675.501 785.27
AAPC1.258-4.698-5.055-2.625-3.066-3.985-0.361
t0.988-5.108-4.343-2.080-1.719-2.248-0.092
P0.3560.00a0.003a0.0760.1290.0590.927
), ArticleFig(id=1241759351216603836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327975964682, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2015—2023年南宁市不同年龄段急性心肌梗死死亡趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份0~19岁20~24岁25~29岁30~34岁35~39岁40~44岁45~49岁50~54岁
20150.160.902.375.869.9417.2125.9756.13
20160.182.024.315.049.1319.3523.5261.87
20170.352.342.497.207.7021.4520.5263.57
20180.232.302.608.699.7118.6024.6656.84
20190.304.222.434.997.6218.7124.0337.28
20200.530.752.485.139.8213.8821.9035.37
20210.192.431.113.976.5112.4922.9927.37
20220.303.632.764.9511.2617.4623.2236.22
20230.201.951.874.479.4822.1820.7734.22
AAPC3.4516.548-6.368-4.6460.192-1.107-1.363-9.132
t0.6590.847-1.541-1.6950.082-0.435-1.467-4.121
P0.5300.4240.1670.1340.9370.6770.1850.004a
年份55~59岁60~64岁65~69岁70~74岁75~79岁80~84岁≥85岁
201559.3397.68175.26278.48501.25914.701 910.76
201651.95100.55162.65238.57408.30816.901 916.39
201750.18102.27179.39241.56468.97988.722 357.68
201851.58102.27173.05254.83476.30960.942 526.68
201959.6883.57151.00284.33557.39991.432 666.36
202057.6575.27131.67265.24505.83915.512 347.67
202151.1982.27113.84205.76368.79623.561 727.04
202267.6777.28136.34229.45404.28749.832 089.62
202356.5269.60123.50206.37351.60675.501 785.27
AAPC1.258-4.698-5.055-2.625-3.066-3.985-0.361
t0.988-5.108-4.343-2.080-1.719-2.248-0.092
P0.3560.00a0.003a0.0760.1290.0590.927
), ArticleFig(id=1241759351464067784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327975964682, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Pre-hospital and In-hospital Mortality Rates and Trends of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Nanning City from 2015 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份院内死亡院前死亡地点不详
死亡数院内死亡构成比
(%)
死亡率
(/10万)
死亡数院前死亡构成比
(%)
死亡率
(/10万)
死亡数地点不祥死亡构成比
(%)
死亡率
(/10万)
201550213.167.643 28386.0649.99300.790.46
201653913.428.083 43685.5651.53411.020.61
201751912.167.703 71487.0455.10340.800.50
201854212.147.943 89687.2857.04260.580.38
201957212.268.264 07187.2958.77210.450.30
202059113.688.543 71986.1153.7290.210.13
202161914.417.583 66985.3944.9590.210.11
202276716.169.533 97483.7549.3740.080.05
202377818.169.623 49281.5343.16130.300.16
AAPC3.9162.460-0.552-1.953-22.380-23.189
t4.0182.892-2.654-1.084-4.095-4.398
P<0.00a0.023a0.007a0.278<0.00a<0.00a
), ArticleFig(id=1241759351799612120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327975964682, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2015—2023年南宁市急性心肌梗死院前、院内死亡率及变化趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份院内死亡院前死亡地点不详
死亡数院内死亡构成比
(%)
死亡率
(/10万)
死亡数院前死亡构成比
(%)
死亡率
(/10万)
死亡数地点不祥死亡构成比
(%)
死亡率
(/10万)
201550213.167.643 28386.0649.99300.790.46
201653913.428.083 43685.5651.53411.020.61
201751912.167.703 71487.0455.10340.800.50
201854212.147.943 89687.2857.04260.580.38
201957212.268.264 07187.2958.77210.450.30
202059113.688.543 71986.1153.7290.210.13
202161914.417.583 66985.3944.9590.210.11
202276716.169.533 97483.7549.3740.080.05
202377818.169.623 49281.5343.16130.300.16
AAPC3.9162.460-0.552-1.953-22.380-23.189
t4.0182.892-2.654-1.084-4.095-4.398
P<0.00a0.023a0.007a0.278<0.00a<0.00a
), ArticleFig(id=1241759351963189985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327975964682, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Potential Years of Life Lost due to Acute Myocardial Infarction in Nanning City from 2015 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份男性女性合计
PYLL%SPYLL%AYLL(年)PYLL%SPYLL%AYLL(年)PYLL%SPYLL%AYLL(年)
20150.580.538.810.170.163.400.380.356.62
20160.620.609.120.180.183.450.410.406.83
20170.630.609.000.180.173.110.410.396.47
20180.640.628.920.170.172.990.420.406.38
20190.620.658.550.170.202.810.410.436.02
20200.590.648.810.140.162.530.380.426.07
20210.520.558.860.120.142.650.330.356.20
20220.650.699.540.150.163.080.410.446.91
20230.620.669.970.100.122.460.370.407.03
AAPC-0.0941.9431.448-5.941-3.203-3.475-1.0631.0930.572
t-0.1012.0641.677-3.834-2.031-3.450-1.0851.0470.578
P0.9230.0780.0940.006a0.0820.01a0.3140.3290.563
), ArticleFig(id=1241759352105796332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327975964682, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2015—2023年南宁市急性心肌梗死潜在寿命损失情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份男性女性合计
PYLL%SPYLL%AYLL(年)PYLL%SPYLL%AYLL(年)PYLL%SPYLL%AYLL(年)
20150.580.538.810.170.163.400.380.356.62
20160.620.609.120.180.183.450.410.406.83
20170.630.609.000.180.173.110.410.396.47
20180.640.628.920.170.172.990.420.406.38
20190.620.658.550.170.202.810.410.436.02
20200.590.648.810.140.162.530.380.426.07
20210.520.558.860.120.142.650.330.356.20
20220.650.699.540.150.163.080.410.446.91
20230.620.669.970.100.122.460.370.407.03
AAPC-0.0941.9431.448-5.941-3.203-3.475-1.0631.0930.572
t-0.1012.0641.677-3.834-2.031-3.450-1.0851.0470.578
P0.9230.0780.0940.006a0.0820.01a0.3140.3290.563
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2015—2023年南宁市居民急性心肌梗死死亡及潜在寿命损失变化趋势分析
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黄建双 1 , 梁竹 1 , 叶琳 1 , 朱荣健 1 , 周吉 1 , 秦奎 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(18): 3283-3288
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(18): 3283-3288
2015—2023年南宁市居民急性心肌梗死死亡及潜在寿命损失变化趋势分析
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黄建双1, 梁竹1, 叶琳1, 朱荣健1, 周吉1, 秦奎2
作者信息
  • 1.广西壮族自治区南宁市疾病预防控制中心,广西 南宁 530021
  • 2.广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心
  • 黄建双(1979—),女,本科,副主任医师,研究方向:健康教育与健康促进

通讯作者:

秦奎,E-mail:
Analysis of the trend of death and potential life loss of acute myocardial infarction in Nanning residents, 2015-2023
Jian-shuang HUANG1, Zhu LIANG1, Lin YE1, Rong-jian ZHU1, Ji ZHOU1, Kui QIN2
Affiliations
  • Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
出版时间: 2024-09-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404277
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目的

分析2015—2023年南宁市居民急性心肌梗死死亡及潜在寿命损失的变化趋势,为制定慢性病防控政策提供依据。

方法

整理南宁市全人群死因监测数据,计算粗死亡率、标化死亡率、年龄别死亡率、构成比、潜在减寿率(PYLL%)、标化减寿率(SPYLL%)和平均减寿年数(AYLL)等指标,采用Joinpoint对数线性回归模型做趋势分析。

结果

2015—2023年南宁市12县(市、区)共报告急性心肌梗死死亡病例38 870例,其中男性22 566例,女性16 304例;粗死亡率为59.84/10万,标化死亡率为53.70/10万;粗死亡率及标化死亡率均呈稳定趋势,AAPC分别为-1.408和-2.892,P值分别为0.443和0.054;死亡率随年龄的增加而增加,40岁后呈直线上升;急性心肌梗死院前死亡构成比为81.53%~87.29%,处于较高水平,但整体呈现下降趋势(AAPC=-0.552%,P=0.007);潜在减寿率在0.33%~0.42%,平均减寿年数6.02年-7.03年,变化趋势均无统计学意义,但女性的潜在减寿率及平均减寿年数均呈下降趋势,AAPC分别为-5.941%和-3.475%,P值均小于0.05。

结论

南宁市急性心肌梗死死亡率较高,潜在寿命损失较严重,应加强急性心肌梗死院前急救及健康教育工作,老年人、男性是防控的重点人群。

急性心肌梗死(AMI)  /  死亡率  /  潜在寿命损失  /  南宁市
Objective

To analyze the trend of acute myocardial infarction mortality and potential life loss among residents in Nanning City from 2015 to 2023, and provide a basis for formulating chronic disease prevention and control policies.

Methods

To collate the death cause monitoring data of the whole population in Nanning City. Crude mortality, standardized mortality, age-specific mortality, composition ratio, potential years of life lost ( PYLL%), standardized years of life lost (SPYLL%) and average years of life lost (AYLL) were calculated.Joinpointlog-linear regression model was used for trend analysis.

Results

From 2015 to 2023, a total of 38 870 deaths from acute myocardial infarction were reported in 12 counties (cities, districts) of Nanning City, including 22 566 males and 16 304 females. The crude mortality rate was 59.84/100 000, and the standardized mortality rate was 53.70/100 000. The crude mortality rate and standardized mortality rate both showed a stable trend, with AAPC values of -1.408 and -2.892, and P values of 0.443 and 0.054, respectively. The mortality rate increases with age and shows a linear increase after the age of 40. The proportion of pre hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction ranged from 81.53% to 87.29%, which was at a high level, but showed an overall downward trend (AAPC=-0.552%, P=0.007). The potential life loss rate ranged from 0.33% to 0.42%, with an average life loss of 6.02 years to 7.03 years, and the trend of change was not statistically significant. However, the potential life loss rate and average life loss of women showed a downward trend, with AAPC values of -5.941% and -3.475%, respectively, and P values of 0.01.

Conclusion

The mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction in Nanning City is relatively high, and the potential loss of life is severe. Pre hospital emergency treatment and health education for acute myocardial infarction should be strengthened, and the elderly and men are the key population for prevention and con.

Acute myocardial infarction  /  Mortality  /  Potential years of life lost  /  Nanning city
黄建双, 梁竹, 叶琳, 朱荣健, 周吉, 秦奎. 2015—2023年南宁市居民急性心肌梗死死亡及潜在寿命损失变化趋势分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (18) : 3283 -3288 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404277
Jian-shuang HUANG, Zhu LIANG, Lin YE, Rong-jian ZHU, Ji ZHOU, Kui QIN. Analysis of the trend of death and potential life loss of acute myocardial infarction in Nanning residents, 2015-2023[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (18) : 3283 -3288 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404277
急性心肌梗死(AMI)是一种严重的心血管疾病,具有较高的发病率和死亡率,不仅威胁患者生命,而且影响患者的生活质量[1]。近年来急性心肌梗死死亡率呈上升态势[2]。南宁市作为广西壮族自治区的首府,其居民急性心肌梗死的死亡情况也备受关注。因此,本研究对“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”业务子系统“人口死亡信息登记管理系统”(以下简称死因监测系统)数据中南宁市2015—2023年急性心肌梗死的死亡数据进行收集和整理,分析南宁市居民急性心肌梗死的死亡及潜在寿命损失变化趋势,为制定有效的防控策略提供依据。
数据来源于国家死因监测系统中2015—2023年南宁市12县(市、区)监测点(兴宁区、青秀区、江南区、西乡塘区、良庆区、邕宁区、武鸣区、隆安县、马山县、上林县、宾阳县、横州市)上报的全人群死因监测数据。按死亡日期(2015年1月1日至2023年12月31日)、生前常住地址提取南宁市12县(市、区)常住居民死亡个案数据;死亡信息填报中死亡地点包括:医疗卫生机构、来院途中、家中、养老服务机构、其他场所和不详等。本研究将死亡地点为医疗卫生机构的作为院内死亡,将家中、来院途中、养老服务机构、其他场所作为院前死亡。死亡个案按照国际疾病分类(International Classification of Diseases,ICD)第10版进行死因编码,急性心肌梗死ICD编码为I21。死亡人口数据来源于2015—2023年南宁市各县(市、区)公安部门提供的辖区分年龄、分性别的常住人口数。
南宁市全人群死因监测实行网络直报,由医疗机构、县(市、区)疾病预防控制中心、市疾病预防控制中心对死亡数据进行逐级质量审核,并对死亡病例实时质控,市、县(市、区)级疾病预防控制中心定期对医疗机构上报的死亡病例进行抽样复核及漏报调查,有效保障了死亡数据的可靠性。
采用Excel 2016及SPSS 19.0进行统计分析,计算粗死亡率、标化死亡率、年龄别死亡率、构成比、潜在减寿率(Rate of Potential years of life lost,PYLL%)、标化减寿率(Rate of Standardized potential years of life lost,SPYLL%)、平均减寿年数(Averageyearsoflifelost,AYLL)等指标。PYLL=Σai×di;ai=e-(i+0.5),ai为预期寿命与某年龄组中值之差;di为某年龄组的死亡人数。PYLL(%)=ΣPYLL÷N×1/100;N为同期观察总人数。AYLL=PYLL÷d;d为同时期某死因死亡人数。2010年广西人均期望寿命为75.1岁[3]。标化死亡率采用第6次人口普查年龄人口构成作为标准人口。率的比较采用卡方检验;趋势分析使用美国国立癌症研究所Join Point 5.0.2软件,趋势指标为年度变化百分比(Annualpercentage change,APC)和平均年度变化百分比(Average annual percentagechange,AAPC),Join Point回归模型采用Grid Search法进行拟合,Join Point的数量最小设置为0个,最大设置为1个;检验水准α=0.05。
2015—2023年南宁市12县(市、区)常住居民急性心肌梗死的死亡病例共38 870例,其中男性22 566例,女性16 304例;粗死亡率为59.84/10万,标化死亡率为53.70/10万;各年份粗死亡率及标化死亡率的性别差异均有统计学意义。趋势分析可见:2015—2023年急性心肌梗死粗死亡率由58.09/10万下降至52.94/10万,标化死亡率由57.84/10万下降至45.95/10万,2015—2023年粗死亡率和标化死亡率的年度变化差异均无统计学意义(AAPC分别为-1.408和-2.892,P值分别为0.443和0.054)。分性别,男性标化死亡率由2015年的71.40/10万下降至2023年的58.97/10万(AAPC=-2.630),年度变化差异有统计学意义;其余男性粗死亡率、女性粗死亡率及标化死亡率均无统计学意义。见表1
2015—2023年南宁市12县(市、区)常住居民急性心肌梗死死亡率的年龄变化曲线显示,居民40岁后急性心肌梗死死亡率开始上升,并随年龄增加显著上升,至85岁及以上人群组达到最大(2 113.43/10万)。见图1
趋势分析可见,2015—2023年50~54岁、60~64岁、65~69岁年龄组急性心肌梗死死亡率均呈下降趋势(AAPC分别为-9.132%、-4.698%、-5.055%,P<0.05);其他年龄组的变化趋势均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表2
2015—2023年南宁市12县(市、区)常住居民急性心肌梗死院前死亡构成比为81.53%~87.29%,处于较高水平,但整体呈现下降趋势(AAPC=-0.552%,P=0.007)。其中2015—2019年院前死亡构成比呈平稳趋势(APC=0.554%,P=0.135),2019—2023年院前死亡构成比呈下降趋势(APC=-1.646%,P=0.005)。2015—2023年,院内死亡构成比为12.14%~18.16%,整体呈现上升趋势(AAPC=3.916%,P<0.001),其中2015—2019年院内死亡构成比呈平稳趋势(APC=-2.263%,P=0.166),2019—2023院内死亡构成比呈上升趋势(APC=10.485%,P=0.002)。见表3
2015—2023年南宁市12县(市、区)常住居民急性心肌梗死女性PYLL%由2015年的0.17%下降至2023年的0.10%,AAPC为-5.941%,变化趋势差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而总人群PYLL%和男性PYLL%的变化趋势均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。女性AYLL最高是2016年(3.45年),最低为2023年(2.46年),AAPC为-3.475%,变化趋势差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而总人群AYLL和男性AYLL呈上升的趋势,AAPC分别为0.572%和1.448%,变化趋势差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表4
本研究结果显示,2015—2023年南宁市12县(市、区)常住居民急性心肌梗死粗死亡率和标化死亡率整体处于较高水平,且呈平稳态势;标化死亡率在43.88/10万至61.68/10万间,与2016年全国急性心肌梗死死亡率64.12/10万[4]相当,高于2012—2018年重庆市、2015—2019年宜昌市、2015—2019年广州市、2016—2022年上海杨浦区等省市[5-8],这表明南宁市急性心肌梗死的防控工作面临严峻的挑战。其中,男性急性心肌梗死造成的死亡情况较女性更为严重,这与国内多个研究结果一致[4-8],原因可能是男性在吸烟、饮酒、高脂饮食、熬夜等不良生活方式的暴露程度更高[9],男性更多暴露在急性心肌梗死的危险因素中,因此,针对男性的健康教育和生活方式干预应成为南宁市急性心肌梗死防控工作的重点之一。
年龄别死亡情况分析结果显示,南宁市12县(市、区)常住居民急性心肌梗死死亡率随年龄的增长而上升,40岁后开始显著上升,其递增趋势近似于指数关系,至85岁及以上人群组达到最高。已有研究表明,老龄化可使得心血管疾病死亡数在30年间增加2倍[10-11],提示年龄是急性心肌梗死的重要危险因素。高年龄患者体质弱、梗死面积大、预后差[12-13]。因此,应加强中老年人群,特别是高龄人群的急性心肌梗死监测和干预工作。
本研究院前院内死亡情况分析发现,2015—2023年南宁市12县(市、区)常住居民急性心肌梗死院前死亡构成比超过80%,持续处于较高水平,接近2003—2007年北京市、1999—2006年天津市[14-15]等地区较早期的历史水平,也高于国外相关报道[16-17]。院前死亡是阻碍急性心肌梗死总死亡率下降的重要因素。多项研究表明,急性心肌梗死院前死亡率高与当地院前急救滞后、医疗管理水平低、健康生活方式普及率低和健康知识缺乏等因素有关[71418]。本研究还发现,南宁市12县(市、区)常住居民急性心肌梗死院前死亡比例自2019年开始逐年下降,这可能与近年来南宁市持续实施“1+19”健康南宁专项行动及心脑血管疾病防治、全民健身等专项行动有关。因此,南宁市要进一加强建设胸痛中心,推动县域医疗卫生次中心建设,提高群众医疗可及,同时通过普及健康生活方式、急救、自救和科学就医的知识和技能,提高公众对心梗的认知与自救能力。
本研究结果还显示,南宁市急性心肌梗死患者的潜在减寿率(PYLL%)处于较高水平,并且这一趋势相对平稳,与2017年重庆市[19]的潜在减寿率(PYLL%)相近,低于2014—2020年青岛市[20],但高于2015—2019年广州市[7]。值得注意的是,南宁市女性的PYLL%呈现出年均下降5.94%的趋势,这可能与近年来女性居民在健康管理、生活方式改善以及医疗条件提升等方面的积极变化有关,这些努力有助于减少女性因急性心肌梗死导致的潜在寿命损失。为了进一步降低急性心肌梗死的疾病负担,特别是针对男性群体,需要采取更加积极的措施进一步降低南宁市居民因急性心肌梗死导致的潜在寿命损失,提高居民的整体健康水平。
综上所述,南宁市急性心肌梗死的防控形势较为严峻,需要政府、医疗机构和社会各界共同努力,采取综合措施,从源头上预防和控制急性心肌梗死的发生,降低其死亡率和潜在寿命损失。
  • 广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹经费科研课题(Z20200959)
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2024年第51卷第18期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404277
  • 接收时间:2024-04-16
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-16
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广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹经费科研课题(Z20200959)
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    1.广西壮族自治区南宁市疾病预防控制中心,广西 南宁 530021
    2.广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心

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