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Article(id=1241759327460065288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405117, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715184000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773988094439, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1727193600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773988094439, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773988094439, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773988094439, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241759317016252418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='18', pageStart='3265', pageEnd='3456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773988091898, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991617194, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241774103024174010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241774103024174011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3332, endPage=3337, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241759330723233818, articleId=1241759327460065288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Mediating effect of coping strategies on the relationship between family environment and depressive symptoms in middle school students, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the influence of family environment on depression in middle school students, and explore the role of coping styles in this process.

Methods

Amulti-level sampling method was conduct in Qingpu District. A total of 1 902 junior and senior school students from four middle schools were investigated. The questionnaires included self-designed questionnaire which was used for collecting the students’ information of gender, age, family environment and so on,coping style questionnaire for middle school students which was used for evaluating the scores of coping factors, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) which was used for evaluating the scores of depression. The t-Test, Mann-Whitney Test, Pearson correlation analysis and Spearman rank correlation analysis were used for difference analysis or correlation analysis, and the SPSS Process was used for Mediation analysis.

Results

ThePHQ-9 scores of junior high school students in the adverse family environment (divorced/single-parent family, unharmonious family atmosphere, and non-wealthy family) were significantly higher than those in favorable family environment (non-divorced/single-parent family, harmonious family atmosphere, and wealthy family). Students in the adverse family environment scored higher in "problem-focused coping" and lower in "emotion-focused coping", while students in adverse family environment scored the opposite. The results of mediation analysis showed that "emotion-focused coping" played a partial mediating role in the relationship between depression and family structure (β=0.212, 95%CI:0.029-0.421) or family atmosphere (β=0.304, 95%CI:0.169-0.461) or family economic status (β=0.261, 95%CI:0.058-0.491) in the middle school students, and the mediation effect accounted for 9.83%, 15.13% and 13.85% of the total effect respectively. "Problem-focused coping" also played a partial mediating role in the relationship between depression and family structure (β=0.316, 95%CI:0.139-0.521) or family atmosphere (β=0.455, 95%CI:0.311-0.626) or family economic status (β=0.505, 95%CI:0.306-0.730) in the middle school students, and the mediation effect accounted for 14.68%, 22.72% and 26.75% of the total effect respectively.

Conclusion

The adverse family environment is a risk factor for depression in middle school students, and coping styles play a partial mediating role in this process.

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目的

探寻不同的家庭环境对中学生抑郁的影响，以及应对方式是否在这个过程中发挥作用。

方法

通过多阶段抽样抽取青浦区4所中学的1 902名学生进行问卷调查，问卷包括：自编一般情况调查问卷收集受试者性别、年龄、家庭环境等相关信息；中学生应对方式量表检测各项应对方式因子得分；9项患者健康问卷（Patient Health Questionnaire，PHQ-9）检测抑郁得分。采用t检验、秩和检验、Pearson相关分析和Spearman秩相关分析进行差异分析或相关分析；利用SPSS Process程序进行中介效应分析。

结果

不利家庭环境下（离异/单亲的家庭结构、不和/争吵的家庭氛围以及家庭经济状况一般及以下）的初中生抑郁得分显著高于有利家庭环境下（家庭结构为稳定婚姻、家庭氛围和睦融洽以及家庭经济状况优越）的初中生。有利家庭环境中的中学生“指向问题的应对”分量表得分较高、“指向情绪的应对”分量表得分较低；不利家庭环境中的中学生则相反。中介效应分析结果显示指向情绪的应对方式在家庭结构（β=0.212, 95% CI:0.029~0.421）、家庭氛围（β=0.304, 95% CI:0.169~0.461）和家庭经济状况（β=0.261, 95% CI:0.058~0.491）对中学生抑郁程度的影响中发挥部分中介作用，其中介效应值分别占总效应值的9.83%、15.13%和13.85%；指向问题的应对方式在家庭结构（β=0.316, 95% CI:0.139~0.521）、家庭氛围（β=0.455,95% CI:0.311~0.626）和家庭经济状况（β=0.505, 95% CI:0.306~0.730）对中学生抑郁程度的影响中也发挥部分中介作用，其中介效应值分别占总效应值的14.68%、22.72%和26.75%。

结论

不利家庭环境会影响中学生的抑郁症状严重程度，而应对方式在这个过程中发挥了部分中介作用。

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卢国强，E-mail: ；
曾庆枝，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=duzQEkXgei/EnoecCy0/sQ==, magXml=clxbzomMFE4vl+GQhXdeGQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Dudj2mQ1UMDFltGeXI/6AQ==, pdfFileSize=686217, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=zmhIc1ulffjq2jvn1wkJNg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

丁淑艳(1984—)，女，本科，主管医师，心理治疗师，研究方向：公共精神卫生

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丁淑艳(1984—)，女，本科，主管医师，心理治疗师，研究方向：公共精神卫生

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Stress, appraisal,and coping[M].New York: Springer Publishing Company,1984., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241795513633280271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327460065288, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=57, issue=12, pageStart=2401, pageEnd=2409, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Pelekanakis A, Doré I, Sylvestre MP, journalName=Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pelekanakis A, Doré I, Sylvestre MP, et al. Mediation by coping style in the association between stressful life events and depressive symptoms in young adults[J]. 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Journal of Adolescence, 2014, 37(7): 1133-1142., articleTitle=Family environment, coping, and mental health in adolescents attending therapeutic day schools, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241795509149569263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327460065288, awardId=QKY2020-13, language=CN, fundingSource=上海市青浦区科技发展基金项目(QKY2020-13), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241795509241843952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327460065288, awardId=QKY2022-33, language=CN, fundingSource=青浦区科技发展基金项目(QKY2022-33), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241795503218823350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327460065288, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241795503227211959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327460065288, companyId=1241795503218823350, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Training and Education Department of Qingpu District Mental Health Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai 201721, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241795503235600568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327460065288, companyId=1241795503218823350, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海市青浦区精神卫生中心培训教育科，上海 201721)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241795503403372729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327460065288, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241795503411761338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327460065288, companyId=1241795503403372729, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心心理健康促进科)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241795507895472355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327460065288, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Demographic characteristics and family environments of the middle school students

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数构成比（%）
性别
男90250.5
女88549.5
学段
初中93352.2
高中85447.8
性格
内向型25114.0
中间型1 04858.6
外向型48827.3
父亲学历
高中及以上1 57688.2
高中以下21111.8
母亲学历
高中及以上1 54786.6
高中以下24013.4
家庭结构
稳定婚姻1 57588.1
离异/单亲21211.9
家庭氛围
和睦融洽84047.0
不和/争吵94753.0
家庭经济状况
优越24813.9
一般及以下1 53986.1
), ArticleFig(id=1241795507983552740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327460065288, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

被试中学生的人口学特征及家庭环境情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数构成比（%）
性别
男90250.5
女88549.5
学段
初中93352.2
高中85447.8
性格
内向型25114.0
中间型1 04858.6
外向型48827.3
父亲学历
高中及以上1 57688.2
高中以下21111.8
母亲学历
高中及以上1 54786.6
高中以下24013.4
家庭结构
稳定婚姻1 57588.1
离异/单亲21211.9
家庭氛围
和睦融洽84047.0
不和/争吵94753.0
家庭经济状况
优越24813.9
一般及以下1 53986.1
), ArticleFig(id=1241795508071633125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327460065288, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Depression scores of junior and high school students in different family environments（point,）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征初中（n=933）高中（n=854）
男女合计男女合计
家庭结构
稳定婚姻5.36±6.265.80±6.075.56±6.185.40±5.275.39±5.265.40±5.26
离异/单亲9.21±6.509.31±7.369.26±6.956.31±5.425.42±4.585.71±4.87
Z值-4.615-3.840-6.042-1.254-0.581-1.163
P值<0.001<0.001<0.0010.2100.5610.245
家庭氛围
和睦融洽3.95±5.314.70±5.644.32±5.485.02±4.915.03±4.925.02±4.91
不和/争吵7.09±6.797.82±6.687.40±6.755.93±5.615.74±5.375.83±5.74
Z值-5.969-5.936-8.268-1.499-1.058-1.803
P值<0.001<0.001<0.0010.1340.2900.071
家庭经济状况
优越3.27±4.614.50±5.313.79±4.944.32±3.555.77±5.394.93±4.44
一般及以下6.41±6.636.67±6.536.54±6.585.61±5.435.37±5.155.48±5.28
Z值-5.001-2.967-5.825-0.794-0.399-0.299
P值<0.0010.003<0.0010.4270.6900.765
), ArticleFig(id=1241795508155519206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327460065288, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

初中生和高中生不同家庭环境下抑郁得分情况（分,）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征初中（n=933）高中（n=854）
男女合计男女合计
家庭结构
稳定婚姻5.36±6.265.80±6.075.56±6.185.40±5.275.39±5.265.40±5.26
离异/单亲9.21±6.509.31±7.369.26±6.956.31±5.425.42±4.585.71±4.87
Z值-4.615-3.840-6.042-1.254-0.581-1.163
P值<0.001<0.001<0.0010.2100.5610.245
家庭氛围
和睦融洽3.95±5.314.70±5.644.32±5.485.02±4.915.03±4.925.02±4.91
不和/争吵7.09±6.797.82±6.687.40±6.755.93±5.615.74±5.375.83±5.74
Z值-5.969-5.936-8.268-1.499-1.058-1.803
P值<0.001<0.001<0.0010.1340.2900.071
家庭经济状况
优越3.27±4.614.50±5.313.79±4.944.32±3.555.77±5.394.93±4.44
一般及以下6.41±6.636.67±6.536.54±6.585.61±5.435.37±5.155.48±5.28
Z值-5.001-2.967-5.825-0.794-0.399-0.299
P值<0.0010.003<0.0010.4270.6900.765
), ArticleFig(id=1241795508302319847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327460065288, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Coping style scores of junior and high school students in different family environments（point,）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
应对方式因子家庭结构家庭氛围
稳定婚姻离异/单亲Z值P值和睦融洽不和/争吵Z值P值
指向问题的应对53.31±10.2950.65±10.08-3.691<0.00155.22±9.8351.02±10.31-9.658<0.001
问题解决20.48±4.2119.24±4.37-3.805<0.00121.25±4.0219.52±4.27-8.344<0.001
寻求社会支持18.74±4.3817.80±4.33-3.0290.00219.32±4.2018.00±4.45-6.340<0.001
积极的合理化解释14.10±3.2613.6±3.30-1.9360.05314.65±3.1513.50±3.27-7.465<0.001
指向情绪的应对37.06±9.3138.50±8.76-2.0590.04036.07±8.9838.26±9.38-4.912<0.001
忍耐9.86±2.5210.21±2.53-1.6270.1049.84±2.469.95±2.58-0.9060.365
逃避8.11±2.698.32±2.54-1.3870.1667.95±2.628.31±2.72-2.9210.003
发泄情绪8.31±2.898.65±2.85-1.7580.0797.91±2.818.74±2.89-6.351<0.001
幻想否认10.77±3.7211.33±3.86-1.8170.06910.38±3.6011.25±3.81-4.538<0.001
应对方式因子家庭经济状况
优越一般及以下Z值P值
指向问题的应对56.71±10.8952.39±10.08-5.932<0.001
问题解决22.00±4.5220.06±4.14-6.534<0.001
寻求社会支持19.80±4.4918.44±4.34-4.529<0.001
积极的合理化解释14.92±3.4613.90±3.21-4.264<0.001
指向情绪的应对35.69±10.3237.48±9.05-3.749<0.001
忍耐9.63±2.689.95±2.50-2.2230.026
逃避7.46±2.868.25±2.63-5.354<0.001
发泄情绪8.17±3.068.38±2.85-1.2920.196
幻想否认10.44±3.8510.90±3.72-1.9310.054
), ArticleFig(id=1241795508411371752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327460065288, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同家庭环境下中学生应对方式量表得分情况（分,）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
应对方式因子家庭结构家庭氛围
稳定婚姻离异/单亲Z值P值和睦融洽不和/争吵Z值P值
指向问题的应对53.31±10.2950.65±10.08-3.691<0.00155.22±9.8351.02±10.31-9.658<0.001
问题解决20.48±4.2119.24±4.37-3.805<0.00121.25±4.0219.52±4.27-8.344<0.001
寻求社会支持18.74±4.3817.80±4.33-3.0290.00219.32±4.2018.00±4.45-6.340<0.001
积极的合理化解释14.10±3.2613.6±3.30-1.9360.05314.65±3.1513.50±3.27-7.465<0.001
指向情绪的应对37.06±9.3138.50±8.76-2.0590.04036.07±8.9838.26±9.38-4.912<0.001
忍耐9.86±2.5210.21±2.53-1.6270.1049.84±2.469.95±2.58-0.9060.365
逃避8.11±2.698.32±2.54-1.3870.1667.95±2.628.31±2.72-2.9210.003
发泄情绪8.31±2.898.65±2.85-1.7580.0797.91±2.818.74±2.89-6.351<0.001
幻想否认10.77±3.7211.33±3.86-1.8170.06910.38±3.6011.25±3.81-4.538<0.001
应对方式因子家庭经济状况
优越一般及以下Z值P值
指向问题的应对56.71±10.8952.39±10.08-5.932<0.001
问题解决22.00±4.5220.06±4.14-6.534<0.001
寻求社会支持19.80±4.4918.44±4.34-4.529<0.001
积极的合理化解释14.92±3.4613.90±3.21-4.264<0.001
指向情绪的应对35.69±10.3237.48±9.05-3.749<0.001
忍耐9.63±2.689.95±2.50-2.2230.026
逃避7.46±2.868.25±2.63-5.354<0.001
发泄情绪8.17±3.068.38±2.85-1.2920.196
幻想否认10.44±3.8510.90±3.72-1.9310.054
), ArticleFig(id=1241795508491063529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327460065288, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Correlations of family environments, coping style factors, and depression

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目家庭结构家庭氛围家庭经济状况指向问题的应对指向情绪的应对抑郁得分
家庭结构1.000
家庭氛围0.144a1.000
家庭经济状况0.072a0.108a1.000
指向问题的应对-0.087a-0.205a-0.140a1.000
指向情绪的应对0.049a0.116a0.089a0.0311.000
抑郁得分0.128a0.180a0.124a-0.222a0.243a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241795508591726826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327460065288, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

家庭环境、应对方式因子和抑郁得分之间的相关分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目家庭结构家庭氛围家庭经济状况指向问题的应对指向情绪的应对抑郁得分
家庭结构1.000
家庭氛围0.144a1.000
家庭经济状况0.072a0.108a1.000
指向问题的应对-0.087a-0.205a-0.140a1.000
指向情绪的应对0.049a0.116a0.089a0.0311.000
抑郁得分0.128a0.180a0.124a-0.222a0.243a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241795508709167339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327460065288, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

The mediation analysis of emotion-focused coping on the relationship between family environments and depression

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应值β （95%CI）相对效应值
（中介效应/总效应，%）
家庭结构9.83
家庭结构→抑郁1.945(1.131~2.759)0.415
家庭结构→指向情绪的应对→抑郁0.212(0.029~0.421)0.100
总效应2.157(1.321~2.993)0.426
家庭氛围15.13
家庭氛围→抑郁1.705(1.177~2.233)0.269
家庭氛围→指向情绪的应对→抑郁0.304(0.169~0.461)0.073
总效应2.009(1.471~2.546)0.274
家庭经济状况13.85
家庭经济状况→抑郁1.624(0.861~2.387)0.389
家庭经济状况→指向情绪的应对→抑郁0.261(0.058~0.491)0.110
总效应1.885(1.102~2.667)0.399
), ArticleFig(id=1241795508784664812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327460065288, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

家庭环境、指向情绪的应对和抑郁得分之间的中介效应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应值β （95%CI）相对效应值
（中介效应/总效应，%）
家庭结构9.83
家庭结构→抑郁1.945(1.131~2.759)0.415
家庭结构→指向情绪的应对→抑郁0.212(0.029~0.421)0.100
总效应2.157(1.321~2.993)0.426
家庭氛围15.13
家庭氛围→抑郁1.705(1.177~2.233)0.269
家庭氛围→指向情绪的应对→抑郁0.304(0.169~0.461)0.073
总效应2.009(1.471~2.546)0.274
家庭经济状况13.85
家庭经济状况→抑郁1.624(0.861~2.387)0.389
家庭经济状况→指向情绪的应对→抑郁0.261(0.058~0.491)0.110
总效应1.885(1.102~2.667)0.399
), ArticleFig(id=1241795508855967981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327460065288, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

The mediation analysis of problem-focused coping on the relationship between family environments and depression

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应值β （95%CI）相对效应值
（中介效应/总效应，%）
家庭结构14.68
家庭结构→抑郁1.837(1.017~2.657)0.418
家庭结构→指向问题的应对→抑郁0.316(0.139~0.521)0.096
总效应2.153(1.318~2.989)0.426
家庭氛围22.72
家庭氛围→抑郁1.548(1.009~2.088)0.275
家庭氛围→指向问题的应对→抑郁0.455(0.311~0.626)0.080
总效应2.003(1.466~2.541)0.274
家庭经济状况26.75
家庭经济状况→抑郁1.384(0.609~2.158)0.395
家庭经济状况→指向问题的应对→抑郁0.505(0.306~0.730)0.107
总效应1.888(1.106~2.671)0.399
), ArticleFig(id=1241795508960825582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327460065288, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

家庭环境、指向问题的应对和抑郁得分之间的中介效应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应值β （95%CI）相对效应值
（中介效应/总效应，%）
家庭结构14.68
家庭结构→抑郁1.837(1.017~2.657)0.418
家庭结构→指向问题的应对→抑郁0.316(0.139~0.521)0.096
总效应2.153(1.318~2.989)0.426
家庭氛围22.72
家庭氛围→抑郁1.548(1.009~2.088)0.275
家庭氛围→指向问题的应对→抑郁0.455(0.311~0.626)0.080
总效应2.003(1.466~2.541)0.274
家庭经济状况26.75
家庭经济状况→抑郁1.384(0.609~2.158)0.395
家庭经济状况→指向问题的应对→抑郁0.505(0.306~0.730)0.107
总效应1.888(1.106~2.671)0.399
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应对方式在中学生家庭环境与抑郁症状间的中介作用
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丁淑艳 1 , 赵萍 1 , 宋启璇 1 , 闫妍 1 , 曾庆枝 2 , 卢国强 1
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(18): 3332-3337
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(18): 3332-3337
应对方式在中学生家庭环境与抑郁症状间的中介作用
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丁淑艳1, 赵萍1, 宋启璇1, 闫妍1, 曾庆枝2 , 卢国强1
作者信息
  • 1.上海市青浦区精神卫生中心培训教育科，上海 201721
  • 2.上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心心理健康促进科

    • 丁淑艳(1984—)，女，本科，主管医师，心理治疗师，研究方向：公共精神卫生

通讯作者:

卢国强，E-mail: ；
曾庆枝，E-mail:
Mediating effect of coping strategies on the relationship between family environment and depressive symptoms in middle school students
Shu-yan DING1, Ping ZHAO1, Qi-xuan SONG1, Yan YAN1, Qing-zhi ZENG2 , Guo-qiang LU1
Affiliations
  • Training and Education Department of Qingpu District Mental Health Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai 201721, China
出版时间: 2024-09-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405117
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摘要
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目的

探寻不同的家庭环境对中学生抑郁的影响，以及应对方式是否在这个过程中发挥作用。

方法

通过多阶段抽样抽取青浦区4所中学的1 902名学生进行问卷调查，问卷包括：自编一般情况调查问卷收集受试者性别、年龄、家庭环境等相关信息；中学生应对方式量表检测各项应对方式因子得分；9项患者健康问卷（Patient Health Questionnaire，PHQ-9）检测抑郁得分。采用t检验、秩和检验、Pearson相关分析和Spearman秩相关分析进行差异分析或相关分析；利用SPSS Process程序进行中介效应分析。

结果

不利家庭环境下（离异/单亲的家庭结构、不和/争吵的家庭氛围以及家庭经济状况一般及以下）的初中生抑郁得分显著高于有利家庭环境下（家庭结构为稳定婚姻、家庭氛围和睦融洽以及家庭经济状况优越）的初中生。有利家庭环境中的中学生“指向问题的应对”分量表得分较高、“指向情绪的应对”分量表得分较低；不利家庭环境中的中学生则相反。中介效应分析结果显示指向情绪的应对方式在家庭结构（β=0.212, 95% CI:0.029~0.421）、家庭氛围（β=0.304, 95% CI:0.169~0.461）和家庭经济状况（β=0.261, 95% CI:0.058~0.491）对中学生抑郁程度的影响中发挥部分中介作用，其中介效应值分别占总效应值的9.83%、15.13%和13.85%；指向问题的应对方式在家庭结构（β=0.316, 95% CI:0.139~0.521）、家庭氛围（β=0.455,95% CI:0.311~0.626）和家庭经济状况（β=0.505, 95% CI:0.306~0.730）对中学生抑郁程度的影响中也发挥部分中介作用，其中介效应值分别占总效应值的14.68%、22.72%和26.75%。

结论

不利家庭环境会影响中学生的抑郁症状严重程度，而应对方式在这个过程中发挥了部分中介作用。

中学生  /  家庭环境  /  抑郁  /  应对方式  /  中介效应分析
Objective

To explore the influence of family environment on depression in middle school students, and explore the role of coping styles in this process.

Methods

Amulti-level sampling method was conduct in Qingpu District. A total of 1 902 junior and senior school students from four middle schools were investigated. The questionnaires included self-designed questionnaire which was used for collecting the students’ information of gender, age, family environment and so on,coping style questionnaire for middle school students which was used for evaluating the scores of coping factors, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) which was used for evaluating the scores of depression. The t-Test, Mann-Whitney Test, Pearson correlation analysis and Spearman rank correlation analysis were used for difference analysis or correlation analysis, and the SPSS Process was used for Mediation analysis.

Results

ThePHQ-9 scores of junior high school students in the adverse family environment (divorced/single-parent family, unharmonious family atmosphere, and non-wealthy family) were significantly higher than those in favorable family environment (non-divorced/single-parent family, harmonious family atmosphere, and wealthy family). Students in the adverse family environment scored higher in "problem-focused coping" and lower in "emotion-focused coping", while students in adverse family environment scored the opposite. The results of mediation analysis showed that "emotion-focused coping" played a partial mediating role in the relationship between depression and family structure (β=0.212, 95%CI:0.029-0.421) or family atmosphere (β=0.304, 95%CI:0.169-0.461) or family economic status (β=0.261, 95%CI:0.058-0.491) in the middle school students, and the mediation effect accounted for 9.83%, 15.13% and 13.85% of the total effect respectively. "Problem-focused coping" also played a partial mediating role in the relationship between depression and family structure (β=0.316, 95%CI:0.139-0.521) or family atmosphere (β=0.455, 95%CI:0.311-0.626) or family economic status (β=0.505, 95%CI:0.306-0.730) in the middle school students, and the mediation effect accounted for 14.68%, 22.72% and 26.75% of the total effect respectively.

Conclusion

The adverse family environment is a risk factor for depression in middle school students, and coping styles play a partial mediating role in this process.

Middle school students  /  Family environment  /  Depression  /  Coping styles  /  Mediation analysis
丁淑艳, 赵萍, 宋启璇, 闫妍, 曾庆枝, 卢国强. 应对方式在中学生家庭环境与抑郁症状间的中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (18) : 3332 -3337 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405117
Shu-yan DING, Ping ZHAO, Qi-xuan SONG, Yan YAN, Qing-zhi ZENG, Guo-qiang LU. Mediating effect of coping strategies on the relationship between family environment and depressive symptoms in middle school students[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (18) : 3332 -3337 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405117
正文
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随着社会和医学技术的发展，越来越多的躯体疾病已经得到有效的预防和控制，然而近年来精神卫生问题逐渐突显，造成了巨大的公共卫生负担，成为了亟待解决的公共卫生问题[1]。青少年时期是人类心理发展的一个重要时期，此时正处于人体各组织器官生长发育的高速时期，体内各类激素水平波动，在此期间受到外界刺激会对认知和情感产生深远影响，从而导致心理健康问题。《中国国民心理健康报告（2019—2020）》显示，我国青少年的抑郁检出率已高达24.6%，其中重度抑郁者占7.4%[2]。此外，青春期曾抑郁会增加成年后抑郁的发病风险，许多成人抑郁症患者在青春期出现首次抑郁发作[3]。青少年抑郁症会导致注意力不集中、学习成绩下降等现象，在人生的关键时期对学业、健康和个人发展均可产生不良影响[4]。青少年抑郁症状受到多种因素的影响，包括先天遗传与后天生长发育过程中各类因素[5]，如生活环境[6]，社会心理因素[7]，身体健康状况[8]等，这些因素均可对青少年的抑郁发生发展产生积极或消极的影响。应对方式作为人们对各类外界刺激的认知和行为方式，在心理应激中有着重要的意义。此外，应对方式在心理学研究中也是一类常见的中介调节因素。有文献报道青少年首次抑郁发作时的自伤行为可能受到不良家庭环境以及不同应对方式的影响[9],而家庭环境的不同也会影响抑郁症患者的应对方式[10-11]。因此，本研究拟探寻家庭环境对中学生抑郁症状的影响及其机制，探讨应对方式在这个过程中发挥的作用，为预防中学生抑郁奠定理论基础，为促进青少年心理健康相关工作提供理论指导。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法，在青浦区城区以及近郊中各选择2所中学（包括1所初中和1所高中），每个年级分别纳入一半班级的全体学生（共计60个班级）作为调查对象。本研究经上海市青浦区精神卫生中心医学伦理委员会批准（审查批准号：2022P01），调查开展前取得参与调查学生及家长的书面知情同意书。
1.2　测量工具
（1）自编一般情况调查问卷：包括性别、年龄、学段、性格、父母学历、家庭结构、家庭氛围、家庭经济状况等，采用等级计分法。本研究将自编调查问卷中收集的家庭结构、家庭氛围、家庭经济状况信息作为家庭环境因素，综合评价家庭环境对中学生抑郁的影响。（2）中学生应对方式量表[12]：该量表由“指向问题的应对”和“指向情绪的应对”两个分量表组成，共有36个条目。“指向问题的应对”分量表包括“问题解决”、“寻求社会支持”和“积极的合理化解释”3个因子；“指向情绪的应对”分量表包括“忍耐”、“逃避”、“发泄情绪”和“幻想否认”4个因子。采用1~4分4级评分（1：不采用；2：偶尔采用；3：有时采用；4：经常采用），各因子和分量表均可累计计分，分数越高则对应的应对特征越明显，一般不计算总量表得分。该量表的Cronbach α系数（内部一致性信度指标）为0.92（大于0.7），符合心理测量量表要求；重测信度为0.89，表明该量表稳定性较好。（3）9项患者健康问卷（Patient Health Questionnaire，PHQ-9）[13]：根据美国精神病学会所制定的《精神疾病的诊断和统计手册》（DSM-IV）中抑郁诊断标准编制而成，可用于评估抑郁症状的严重程度，该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.85，重测信度为0.88，表明该心理测量量表也具有较高的信度和效度。该量表共有9个条目，采用0~3分4级评分，总分越高，表明抑郁程度越严重。
1.3　调查方法
由学校医务室老师和心理老师承担调查工作，且在调查开始前对其进行统一培训。问卷以班级为单位统一发放，进行无记名填写，所有调查对象均知情同意。问卷回收后由专人进行整体审核，对关键信息缺失及填写不完整的问卷作无效处理，对有效问卷进行编号整理录入。
1.4　统计方法
利用SPSS 25统计软件进行统计分析。计数资料使用率或百分比描述，计量资料使用“”描述。符合正态分布的计量资料采用t检验或Pearson相关分析，不符合正态分布的计量资料采用秩和检验或Spearman秩相关分析。利用Hayes等人编制的SPSS Process程序进行中介效应分析[14]。检验水准α=0.05（双侧）。
2　结果
收起
2.1　调查对象的基本情况
本次调查实际发放问卷共1 902份，回收有效问卷1 787份，有效回收率为93.95%。研究对象年龄范围为10~18岁，平均年龄（14.44±1.97）岁；男生902人（50.5%），女生885人（49.5%）；初中933人（52.2%），高中854人（47.8%）。调查对象的人口学特征及家庭环境情况详见表1。
2.2　不同家庭环境下中学生的抑郁情况
本课题前期研究中已发现不同家庭环境下中学生的抑郁检出率（即PHQ-9总分≥10）有统计学差异[15]。由于学段和性别为绝对客观指标且信息易于获得，根据该分类进行分析所得到的结果，在对于青少年心理健康的相关工作开展中可能具有较高的实际指导意义和可操作性。因此，在前期研究的基础上，本文进一步将调查对象根据学段和性别分组，比较各组在不同家庭环境下PHQ-9量表得分情况。结果如表2所示。在初中组中，与家庭结构为稳定婚姻（5.56±6.18）、家庭氛围和睦融洽（4.32±5.48）、家庭经济状况优越（3.79±4.94）的学生相比，家庭结构为离异/单亲（9.26±6.95）、家庭氛围为不和/争吵（7.40±6.75）、家庭经济状况为一般及以下（6.54±6.58）的学生得分更高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；根据性别分组后，男女两组中家庭结构为离异/单亲、家庭氛围为不和/争吵、家庭经济状况为一般及以下的学生得分均更高，且差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在高中组中，家庭结构为离异/单亲、家庭氛围为不和/争吵、家庭经济状况为一般及以下的学生得分略高，但差异不具有统计学意义（P>0.05）；男女分组后得分差异也无统计学意义（P>0.05）。
2.3　中学生的应对方式量表得分情况
不利家庭环境因素组（离异/单亲、不和/争吵和经济一般及以下）的“指向问题的应对”分量表得分均低于有利家庭环境因素组（稳定婚姻、和睦融洽、经济优越），而不利家庭环境因素组的“指向情绪的应对”分量表得分均较高（P<0.05）。其中，离异/单亲组的“问题解决”、“寻求社会支持”因子得分较高；不和/争吵组的“问题解决”、“寻求社会支持”、“积极的合理化解释”因子得分较低，“逃避”、“发泄情绪”、“幻想否认”因子得分较高；家庭经济一般及以下组“问题解决”、“寻求社会支持”、“积极的合理化解释”因子得分较低，“忍耐”、“逃避”因子得分较高（P<0.05）。详见表3。
2.4　家庭环境、应对方式、抑郁症状的相关分析
将家庭结构（稳定婚姻=0;经济离异/单亲=1）、家庭氛围（和睦融洽=0;不和/争吵=1）和家庭经济状况（优越=0;一般及以下=1）分别作为自变量，抑郁得分作为因变量，进行相关分析。
相关分析结果显示，家庭环境（家庭结构、家庭氛围、家庭经济状况）与抑郁正相关；家庭环境（家庭结构、家庭氛围、家庭经济状况）与“指向问题的应对”负相关，与“指向情绪的应对”正相关（P<0.05）；抑郁与“指向问题的应对”负相关，与“指向情绪的应对”正相关（P<0.05）。以上结果显示各项指标符合进行中介效应分析的要求。详见表4。
2.5　家庭环境、应对方式、抑郁症状的中介效应分析
将“指向情绪的应对”得分作为中介变量，分析结果显示：家庭结构、家庭氛围和家庭经济状况对抑郁得分的总效应、直接效应以及“指向情绪的应对”的中介效应的95%可信区间均不包含0，因此“指向情绪的应对”在家庭环境对抑郁得分的影响中发挥部分中介作用，其中介效应分别为0.212、0.304和0.261，分别占总效应的9.83%、15.13%和13.85%。详见表5。
当“指向问题的应对”得分作为中介变量，家庭结构、家庭氛围和家庭经济状况对抑郁得分的总效应、直接效应以及“指向问题的应对”的中介效应的95%可信区间均不包含0，因此“指向问题的应对”在家庭环境对抑郁得分的影响中发挥部分中介作用。“指向问题的应对”的中介效应分别为0.316、0.455和0.505，分别占总效应的14.68%、22.72%和26.75%。详见表6。
3　讨论
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本研究比较了初中生和高中生在不同家庭环境下的抑郁量表得分情况，结果发现不利家庭环境下（离异/单亲的家庭结构、不和/争吵的家庭氛围以及一般及以下的家庭经济状况）的初中生抑郁得分显著高于有利家庭环境下（家庭结构为稳定婚姻、家庭氛围和睦融洽以及家庭经济状况优越）的初中生。此外，在有利家庭环境中，中学生“指向问题的应对”分量表得分较高、“指向情绪的应对”分量表得分较低；不利家庭环境下，结果相反。中介效应分析结果显示，应对方式在家庭环境对中学生抑郁的影响中发挥中介作用。
既往许多研究都曾发现，不良的家庭环境可能会在一定程度上改变青少年的心理健康状态。有研究发现青少年出现抑郁症状的风险与父母间的争吵和冲突相关[16]。家庭经济水平则会通过多种途径对青少年的心理和精神状态产生影响，如较低的社会经济地位可能会导致不良童年经历[17]、影响监护人的心理健康[18]等从而造成青少年的心理状态异常。除此之外，Nduwimana等人发现生活在寄养家庭的青少年更易出现抑郁、焦虑和易怒症状[19]。本研究分析了初高中生不同家庭环境因素下的抑郁得分，结果显示初中生在不利家庭环境的影响下，抑郁程度更高，且差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；而不利家庭环境中的高中生虽抑郁量表得分偏高，但其差异不具有统计学意义（P>0.05）。由此可见，在该调查地区，与高中生相比，初中生可能更易受到家庭环境的影响而导致抑郁症状的出现或加重。因此，对处于不利家庭环境下的初中生应该给予更多关注和帮助，预防其抑郁症状的发生或加重。
“应对”被认为是“个体对于外部或内部的要求而产生的思考和行动”[20]。应对可分为两种类型：以情绪为主的应对重点在于调节情绪困扰，如逃避等；以问题为主的应对则关注问题本身，如思考如何解决问题[21]。其中，主动应对/寻求支持与青少年心理症状减轻有关；被动应对/逃避与青少年心理症状加重有关[22]。本研究也发现了相似的现象：不利家庭环境下，中学生的抑郁程度更高，且“指向问题的应对”分量表得分较低，“指向情绪的应对”分量表得分较高，其中“忍耐”、“回避”等因子得分高，“问题解决”、“寻求社会支持”等因子得分低。而且，有研究报道称，对于正在接受心理治疗的青少年来说，不健康的家庭功能会导致更为严重的情感和行为障碍，且青少年的应对策略在这个过程中发挥中介作用[23]。同样，本研究进一步分析后发现应对方式在普通中学生家庭环境对抑郁程度的影响中也发挥中介作用。并且“指向情绪的应对”的中介效应在家庭氛围对抑郁的影响中占总效应的比重较大（15.13%），在家庭经济状况对抑郁的影响中占总效应的比重次之（13.85%），在家庭结构对抑郁的影响中占总效应的比重较小（9.83%）；而“指向问题的应对”的中介效应在家庭氛围、家庭经济状况或家庭结构对抑郁的影响中占总效应的比重分别为22.72%，26.75%和14.68%。综上所述，不利家庭环境会影响中学生的抑郁症状严重程度，而应对方式在这个过程中发挥了部分中介作用，在今后的青少年心理健康工作中可以从针对家庭环境因素的改善、青少年应对方式的正确引导等方面入手，帮助青少年保持健康稳定的心理状态。此外，本研究实际调查中对于家庭环境的分类和评估较为粗浅，抑郁症状的判断来源于中学生的自我评价，存在一定的信息偏倚，在今后的研究中将对家庭环境进行更加系统和客观的调查，全面评价中学生家庭环境与抑郁症状之间的关系，为青少年的心理健康工作提供理论指导基础。
基金
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  • 上海市青浦区科技发展基金项目(QKY2020-13)
  • 青浦区科技发展基金项目(QKY2022-33)
文献
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2024年第51卷第18期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405117
  • 接收时间：2024-05-09
  • 首发时间：2026-03-20
  • 出版时间：2024-09-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-05-09
基金
上海市青浦区科技发展基金项目(QKY2020-13)
青浦区科技发展基金项目(QKY2022-33)
作者信息
    1.上海市青浦区精神卫生中心培训教育科，上海 201721
    2.上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心心理健康促进科

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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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