Article(id=1241759327397150725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403560, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711814400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773988094387, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1727193600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773988094387, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773988094387, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773988094387, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241759317016252418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='18', pageStart='3265', pageEnd='3456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773988091898, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991617194, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241774103024174010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241774103024174011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3320, endPage=3325, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241759329821458454, articleId=1241759327397150725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Breastfeeding social support status and influencing factors in puerpera based on randomforest model, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the status quo of breastfeeding social support in puerpera and analyze its influencing factors.

Methods

A total of 535 puerpera were selected from 4 community health service centers in Chengde city by complete random cluster sampling method.The random forest model and LASSO regression were used to rank and screen the influencing factors.

Results

The total score of the Breastfeeding Social Support Scale was 52.00 (9.00). The results of LASSO regression showed that when the lambda(λ) value was 0.117 7, the error was the smallest, and the corresponding number of influencing factors was 10.The importance ranking and multiple regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors of breastfeeding social support were community promotion of breastfeeding, whether returning to work or not, employment status, whether breastfeeding at night or not, feeding patterns (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The level of breastfeeding social support remains to be improved,and health care providers should develop targeted intervention according to the influencing factors.

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目的

了解产妇母乳喂养社会支持现况及影响因素。

方法

采用完全随机整群抽样法,对承德市4所社区卫生服务中心535例产妇进行母乳喂养社会支持水平调查,采用随机森林模型和LASSO回归进行影响因素重要性排序和筛选。

结果

产妇母乳喂养社会支持量表总得分为52.00(9.00)分。LASSO回归显示:当lambda(λ)值为0.117 7时,误差最小,对应的影响因素数目为 10个,重要性排序及多元回归分析结果显示,影响母乳喂养社会支持的主要因素依次是:社区宣传母乳喂养的方式、是否重返工作岗位、就业状态、夜间是否哺乳、喂养方式(P<0.05)。

结论

产妇母乳喂养社会支持水平有待提高,医护人员可根据产妇母乳喂养社会支持的影响因素制定针对性的干预措施。

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李青,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=1A+KVN3TmlBKnh4qR46hTw==, magXml=X+WzVtpKwBGJRmkgaTEGdQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=BU7K+PgZQM3xAnjUKv14HQ==, pdfFileSize=817367, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=hyBQUqJobRfLubnIJNoueg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ZsX+5SwZSrJ97NFdhwzA3g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

孙恬(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:母婴护理

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孙恬(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:母婴护理

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孙恬(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:母婴护理

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Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 2023, 19(8): 1563-1565., articleTitle=More sleep, more milk, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241759353989038977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327397150725, awardId=2023068, language=CN, fundingSource=承德医学院2023年大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2023068), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241759355629011859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327397150725, awardId=20223112, language=CN, fundingSource=2022年度承德市社会科学发展研究课题(20223112), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241759339451580671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327397150725, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759339459969280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327397150725, companyId=1241759339451580671, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Nursing, Chengde Medical University,Chengde, Heibei 067000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759339564826891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327397150725, companyId=1241759339451580671, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=承德医学院护理系,河北 承德 067000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241759351967384290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327397150725, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Ranking of the importance of influencing factors for breastfeeding social support, figureFileSmall=uNM0+dQj/nUryLMlM1apCg==, figureFileBig=hyBQUqJobRfLubnIJNoueg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241759352185488113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327397150725, language=CN, label=图1, caption=母乳喂养社会支持影响因素的重要性排序, figureFileSmall=uNM0+dQj/nUryLMlM1apCg==, figureFileBig=hyBQUqJobRfLubnIJNoueg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241759352718164756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327397150725, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Filtering of characteristic variables based on LASSO regression, figureFileSmall=U0zjQm7bQCLhvEc0f85ZcA==, figureFileBig=VabC95evjoVODRE8Grsqug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241759352919491363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327397150725, language=CN, label=图2, caption=基于LASSO回归的特征性变量筛选, figureFileSmall=U0zjQm7bQCLhvEc0f85ZcA==, figureFileBig=VabC95evjoVODRE8Grsqug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241759353032737584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327397150725, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Univariate analysis of maternal breast feeding social support

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项目例数
(构成比(%))
中文版BSSS得分
M(IQR)
统计值P
年龄(岁)H=0.9820.806
19岁及以下1(0.19)46.00(0.00)
20~29周岁155(29.75)52.00(10.00)
30~35周岁259(49.71)52.00(8.00)
>35周岁106(20.35)52.50(9.25)
民族Z=-0.3790.705
汉族327(62.76)52.00(9.00)
其它194(37.24)53.00(9.00)
文化程度H=22.766<0.001
初中及以下52(9.98)48.00(15.00)
高中、中专或技校88(16.89)52.00(11.75)
大专135(25.91)51.00(11.00)
本科204(39.16)54.00(6.00)
硕士及以上42(8.06)53.00(7.00)
就业状态Z=-3.618<0.001
未就业123(23.61)51.00(15.00)
就业398(76.39)53.00(8.00)
家庭人均月收入(元)H=7.3870.061
<3 00050(9.60)49.00(15.25)
3 000~4 999168(32.25)52.00(8.00)
5 000~7 999203(39.96)53.00(8.00)
≥8 000100(19.19)52.00(7.00)
最近一次的分娩方式Z=-0.6390.523
自然分娩190(36.47)52.00(9.00)
剖腹产331(63.53)52.00(9.00)
婴幼儿数量H=6.2950.043
1个297(57.01)52.00(9.00)
2个194(37.24)53.00(8.00)
≥3个30(5.76)51.00(15.25)
婴幼儿性别Z=0.8710.384
259(49.71)51.00(9.00)
262(50.29)53.00(8.25)
婴幼儿月龄段H=6.5090.039
0~6个月323(62.00)53.00(8.00)
7~12个月125(23.99)51.00(9.50)
13~24个月73(14.01)51.00(12.00)
喂养方式Z=-2.5070.012
纯母乳喂养162(31.09)53.00(7.00)
混合喂养359(68.91)51.00(10.00)
夜间是否哺乳Z=-2.1500.032
498(95.59)52.00(8.00)
23(4.41)50.00(11.00)
婴幼儿白天的主要看护人H=11.8000.008
爷爷、奶奶/姥姥、姥爷206(39.54)53.00(6.00)
自己291(55.85)51.00(11.00)
父亲6(1.15)48.00(8.50)
保姆/月嫂18(3.45)54.00(4.50)
产假时间段H=15.0380.002
无产假96(24.18)51.00(11.00)
低于法定产假57(14.36)51.00(8.00)
法定产假(158~173天)195(49.12)53.00(6.00)
高于法定产假49(12.34)54.00(5.00)
是否重返工作岗位Z=-2.1200.034
240(60.45)53.00(6.00)
157(39.55)52.00(9.00)
单位是否有哺乳室Z=-3.1440.002
72(30.00)54.00(3.00)
168(70.00)52.00(7.00)
产妇参加孕妇学校/知识讲座情况H=1.2070.547
从来没有406(77.93)52.00(9.00)
1~3次96(18.43)52.00(7.75)
4~7次19(3.64)54.00(13.00)
产妇伴侣参加孕妇学校/知识讲座情况H=5.3340.069
从来没有451(86.56)52.00(9.00)
1~3次60(11.52)52.00(6.25)
4~7次10(1.92)54.00(8.00)
社区宣传母乳喂养的方式H=22.764<0.001
宣传栏、宣传手册、宣传教育活动191(36.66)54.00(7.00)
电话、短信、网络宣传或答疑解惑58(11.13)53.00(5.00)
上门提供哺乳指导7(1.34)55.00(1.00)
265(50.86)51.00(12.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1241759353213092670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327397150725, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

产妇母乳喂养社会支持的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目例数
(构成比(%))
中文版BSSS得分
M(IQR)
统计值P
年龄(岁)H=0.9820.806
19岁及以下1(0.19)46.00(0.00)
20~29周岁155(29.75)52.00(10.00)
30~35周岁259(49.71)52.00(8.00)
>35周岁106(20.35)52.50(9.25)
民族Z=-0.3790.705
汉族327(62.76)52.00(9.00)
其它194(37.24)53.00(9.00)
文化程度H=22.766<0.001
初中及以下52(9.98)48.00(15.00)
高中、中专或技校88(16.89)52.00(11.75)
大专135(25.91)51.00(11.00)
本科204(39.16)54.00(6.00)
硕士及以上42(8.06)53.00(7.00)
就业状态Z=-3.618<0.001
未就业123(23.61)51.00(15.00)
就业398(76.39)53.00(8.00)
家庭人均月收入(元)H=7.3870.061
<3 00050(9.60)49.00(15.25)
3 000~4 999168(32.25)52.00(8.00)
5 000~7 999203(39.96)53.00(8.00)
≥8 000100(19.19)52.00(7.00)
最近一次的分娩方式Z=-0.6390.523
自然分娩190(36.47)52.00(9.00)
剖腹产331(63.53)52.00(9.00)
婴幼儿数量H=6.2950.043
1个297(57.01)52.00(9.00)
2个194(37.24)53.00(8.00)
≥3个30(5.76)51.00(15.25)
婴幼儿性别Z=0.8710.384
259(49.71)51.00(9.00)
262(50.29)53.00(8.25)
婴幼儿月龄段H=6.5090.039
0~6个月323(62.00)53.00(8.00)
7~12个月125(23.99)51.00(9.50)
13~24个月73(14.01)51.00(12.00)
喂养方式Z=-2.5070.012
纯母乳喂养162(31.09)53.00(7.00)
混合喂养359(68.91)51.00(10.00)
夜间是否哺乳Z=-2.1500.032
498(95.59)52.00(8.00)
23(4.41)50.00(11.00)
婴幼儿白天的主要看护人H=11.8000.008
爷爷、奶奶/姥姥、姥爷206(39.54)53.00(6.00)
自己291(55.85)51.00(11.00)
父亲6(1.15)48.00(8.50)
保姆/月嫂18(3.45)54.00(4.50)
产假时间段H=15.0380.002
无产假96(24.18)51.00(11.00)
低于法定产假57(14.36)51.00(8.00)
法定产假(158~173天)195(49.12)53.00(6.00)
高于法定产假49(12.34)54.00(5.00)
是否重返工作岗位Z=-2.1200.034
240(60.45)53.00(6.00)
157(39.55)52.00(9.00)
单位是否有哺乳室Z=-3.1440.002
72(30.00)54.00(3.00)
168(70.00)52.00(7.00)
产妇参加孕妇学校/知识讲座情况H=1.2070.547
从来没有406(77.93)52.00(9.00)
1~3次96(18.43)52.00(7.75)
4~7次19(3.64)54.00(13.00)
产妇伴侣参加孕妇学校/知识讲座情况H=5.3340.069
从来没有451(86.56)52.00(9.00)
1~3次60(11.52)52.00(6.25)
4~7次10(1.92)54.00(8.00)
社区宣传母乳喂养的方式H=22.764<0.001
宣传栏、宣传手册、宣传教育活动191(36.66)54.00(7.00)
电话、短信、网络宣传或答疑解惑58(11.13)53.00(5.00)
上门提供哺乳指导7(1.34)55.00(1.00)
265(50.86)51.00(12.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1241759353351504711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327397150725, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Variables and assignments of the random forest model

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变量赋值
文化程度初中及以下=00 000,高中等=01 000,大专=00 100,本科 =00 010,硕士及以上=00 001
就业状态就业=1,未就业=2
婴幼儿数量1个=000,2个=010,≥3个=001
婴幼儿月龄段≤6月龄=000,7~12月龄=010,13~24个月=001
喂养方式纯母乳喂养=1,混合喂养=2
夜间是否哺乳是=1,否=2
婴幼儿白天的主要看护人外/祖父母=0 000,自己=0 100,父亲=0 010,保姆等=0001
产假时间段无产假=0 000,低于法定产假=0 100,法定产假=0 010,高于法定产假=0 001,跳过=5
是否重返工作岗位是=1,否=2,跳过=3
单位是否有哺乳室是=1,否=2,跳过=3
社区宣传母乳喂养的方式无=0 000,宣传栏等=0 100,电话、短信等=0 010,上门提供哺乳指导=0 001
), ArticleFig(id=1241759353485722453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327397150725, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

随机森林模型的变量及赋值情况

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变量赋值
文化程度初中及以下=00 000,高中等=01 000,大专=00 100,本科 =00 010,硕士及以上=00 001
就业状态就业=1,未就业=2
婴幼儿数量1个=000,2个=010,≥3个=001
婴幼儿月龄段≤6月龄=000,7~12月龄=010,13~24个月=001
喂养方式纯母乳喂养=1,混合喂养=2
夜间是否哺乳是=1,否=2
婴幼儿白天的主要看护人外/祖父母=0 000,自己=0 100,父亲=0 010,保姆等=0001
产假时间段无产假=0 000,低于法定产假=0 100,法定产假=0 010,高于法定产假=0 001,跳过=5
是否重返工作岗位是=1,否=2,跳过=3
单位是否有哺乳室是=1,否=2,跳过=3
社区宣传母乳喂养的方式无=0 000,宣传栏等=0 100,电话、短信等=0 010,上门提供哺乳指导=0 001
), ArticleFig(id=1241759353624134499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327397150725, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multiple linear regression analysis of maternal breastfeeding social support

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变量未标准化系数标准化回归系数tP
B标准误
常量58.9972.250-26.217<0.001
社区宣传母乳喂养的方式(参照:无)
宣传栏、宣传手册、宣传教育活动3.5650.7280.2104.895<0.001
电话、短信、网络宣传或答疑解惑3.8841.1050.1503.516<0.001
上门提供哺乳指导7.8722.9280.1112.6890.007
是否重返工作岗位-1.8310.445-0.180-4.116<0.001
婴幼儿白天的主要看护人(参照:爷爷奶奶/姥姥姥爷)
自己照顾-2.5250.722-0.153-3.497<0.001
夜间是否哺乳-4.1031.635-0.104-2.510.012
喂养方式-1.6850.734-0.095-2.2950.022
), ArticleFig(id=1241759353745769325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327397150725, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

产妇母乳喂养社会支持的多元线性回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量未标准化系数标准化回归系数tP
B标准误
常量58.9972.250-26.217<0.001
社区宣传母乳喂养的方式(参照:无)
宣传栏、宣传手册、宣传教育活动3.5650.7280.2104.895<0.001
电话、短信、网络宣传或答疑解惑3.8841.1050.1503.516<0.001
上门提供哺乳指导7.8722.9280.1112.6890.007
是否重返工作岗位-1.8310.445-0.180-4.116<0.001
婴幼儿白天的主要看护人(参照:爷爷奶奶/姥姥姥爷)
自己照顾-2.5250.722-0.153-3.497<0.001
夜间是否哺乳-4.1031.635-0.104-2.510.012
喂养方式-1.6850.734-0.095-2.2950.022
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基于随机森林模型的产妇母乳喂养社会支持现况及影响因素分析
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孙恬 , 商博坤 , 李硕 , 段婵芝 , 王艳 , 李青
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(18): 3320-3325
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(18): 3320-3325
基于随机森林模型的产妇母乳喂养社会支持现况及影响因素分析
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孙恬, 商博坤, 李硕, 段婵芝, 王艳, 李青
作者信息
  • 承德医学院护理系,河北 承德 067000
  • 孙恬(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:母婴护理

通讯作者:

李青,E-mail:
Breastfeeding social support status and influencing factors in puerpera based on randomforest model
Tian SUN, Bo-kun SHANG, Shuo LI, Chan-zhi DUAN, Yan WANG, Qing LI
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing, Chengde Medical University,Chengde, Heibei 067000, China
出版时间: 2024-09-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403560
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目的

了解产妇母乳喂养社会支持现况及影响因素。

方法

采用完全随机整群抽样法,对承德市4所社区卫生服务中心535例产妇进行母乳喂养社会支持水平调查,采用随机森林模型和LASSO回归进行影响因素重要性排序和筛选。

结果

产妇母乳喂养社会支持量表总得分为52.00(9.00)分。LASSO回归显示:当lambda(λ)值为0.117 7时,误差最小,对应的影响因素数目为 10个,重要性排序及多元回归分析结果显示,影响母乳喂养社会支持的主要因素依次是:社区宣传母乳喂养的方式、是否重返工作岗位、就业状态、夜间是否哺乳、喂养方式(P<0.05)。

结论

产妇母乳喂养社会支持水平有待提高,医护人员可根据产妇母乳喂养社会支持的影响因素制定针对性的干预措施。

母乳喂养  /  社会支持  /  随机森林模型  /  影响因素
Objective

To explore the status quo of breastfeeding social support in puerpera and analyze its influencing factors.

Methods

A total of 535 puerpera were selected from 4 community health service centers in Chengde city by complete random cluster sampling method.The random forest model and LASSO regression were used to rank and screen the influencing factors.

Results

The total score of the Breastfeeding Social Support Scale was 52.00 (9.00). The results of LASSO regression showed that when the lambda(λ) value was 0.117 7, the error was the smallest, and the corresponding number of influencing factors was 10.The importance ranking and multiple regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors of breastfeeding social support were community promotion of breastfeeding, whether returning to work or not, employment status, whether breastfeeding at night or not, feeding patterns (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The level of breastfeeding social support remains to be improved,and health care providers should develop targeted intervention according to the influencing factors.

Breastfeeding  /  Social support  /  Random Forest model  /  Influencing factors
孙恬, 商博坤, 李硕, 段婵芝, 王艳, 李青. 基于随机森林模型的产妇母乳喂养社会支持现况及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (18) : 3320 -3325 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403560
Tian SUN, Bo-kun SHANG, Shuo LI, Chan-zhi DUAN, Yan WANG, Qing LI. Breastfeeding social support status and influencing factors in puerpera based on randomforest model[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (18) : 3320 -3325 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403560
母乳喂养对母婴健康及社会可持续发展具有不可替代的优势[1]。世界卫生组织建议0~6个月的婴儿应纯母乳喂养,之后继续母乳喂养至2岁及以上[2]。《母乳喂养促进计划(2021—2025年)》[3]提出,2025年我国6个月以内的婴儿纯母乳喂养率应达到50%的目标。研究显示,虽然我国60.8%的孕晚期产妇具有母乳喂养意愿,且58.3%的产妇了解婴儿6个月内需纯母乳喂养,但目前6个月内纯母乳喂养率为29.2%,低于44%的全球平均水平[1,4-5]。影响母乳喂养的因素包括产妇因素、婴儿因素以及产妇可获得的社会支持水平,如专业支持、家庭支持和同伴支持等[6]。较低的社会支持水平会降低产妇纯母乳喂养自我效能和纯母乳喂养率,缩短母乳喂养持续时间[7-8]。了解产妇母乳喂养社会支持水平及其影响因素,对相关母乳喂养促进策略的制订具有重要意义。既往研究多仅将其影响因素独立列出,缺乏因素之间的重要性排序。因此,本研究引入随机森林模型算法并结合多元线性回归分析,了解产妇母乳喂养社会支持现状, 并对其影响因素进行优势排序,为医务人员制定针对性的母乳喂养干预措施提供参考。
采用完全随机整群抽样法,选取2023年4~8月承德市4所社区卫生服务中心就诊的产妇作为研究对象。纳入标准:(1)年龄>18岁;(2)产后0~24个月;(3)完全或部分母乳喂养;(4)自愿参与本研究并签署知情同意书。排除标准:既往患有精神疾病或沟通交流障碍者。本研究经承德医学院附属医院伦理委员会审批(伦理编号为:CYFYLL2022331)。
主要包括年龄、民族、文化程度、就业状态、家庭月收入、最近一次的分娩方式等。
本研究采用中文版母乳喂养社会支持量表(Breastfeeding Social Support Scale, BSSS)[9]调查产妇的母乳喂养社会支持水平。该量表由本研究团队前期对日本学者Nanishi等[10]于2021年研发的母乳喂养社会支持量表进行汉化,汉化后的中文版BSSS量表具有良好的信效度。其中,Cronbach α系数为0.866,重测信度系数为0.815,量表水平的内容效度指数(Scale-the Content Validity Index, S-CVI)为0.82,量表条目水平的内容效度指数(Item-the Content Validity Index, I-CVI)为0.830~1.00。该量表共3个维度,11个条目,分别是“来自医务人员的支持”(3个条目),“实际帮助”(3个条目),“来自值得信赖的人精神层面的支持”(5个条目),采用Likert 5级评分(1分=不符合,5分=符合),总分为11~55分,得分越高,表示产妇的母乳喂养社会支持水平越高。
在征得相关社区卫生服务中心负责人同意后,由研究者本人实施调查。调查开始前,采用统一的指导语向产妇说明研究目的,并遵循自愿、有利、不伤害和公正的伦理原则,取得产妇配合并签署知情同意书。本研究发放问卷535份,回收有效问卷521份,问卷有效回收率为97.4%。
采用SPSS 25.0软件进行数据统计分析。计数资料采用频数、构成比(%)表示。中文版BSSS总分及各维度得分均不符合正态分布,采用中位数(四分位数间距)MIQR)进行描述。采用标准分作为评价各个维度得分高低的标准,[11];单因素分析采用Mann-Whitney U检验或Kruskal-Wallis 检验。采用R studio 4.3.3软件进行随机森林模型分析,采用LASSO回归进行变量个数筛选,将筛选出的变量纳入多元线性回归分析。检验水准α=0.05。
产妇母乳喂养社会支持的总得分为52.00(9.00)分,“实际帮助”维度得分为15.00(2.00)分,“来自医务人员的支持”维度得分为15.00(2.00)分,“来自值得信赖的人精神层面的支持”维度得分为24.00(4.00)分。各维度得分经标准化统计后,“实际帮助”得分与“来自医务人员的支持”得分相同,为100.00(13.33)分。“来自值得信赖的人精神层面的支持”得分为96.00(16.00)分。
研究显示,产妇的文化程度、就业状态等11个变量对母乳喂养社会支持水平的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1
以中文版BSSS得分为因变量,将单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的变量纳入随机森林模型。采用R studio软件中的Random Forest 程序包构建随机森林模型,取20%的样本作为测试集,80%的样本为训练集。设置树的总数为240 317,随机种子数为210 233。采用Importance函数对变量进行重要性排序,%Inc MSE为平均精度减小值(Increase in Mean Squared Error),%Inc MSE值越大,变量在影响因素中的重要性越大[12],随机森林模型的变量赋值情况见表2。结果显示,变量重要性最高者为文化程度,最低者为婴幼儿数量,详见图1
根据图1结果,采用R studio软件中的glmnet函数,将单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的11个变量纳入LASSO回归模型,如图2所示,左侧和右侧两条垂直虚线分别是lambda.min和lambda.lse,模型在[lambda.min,lambda.lse]区间内误差变动幅度最小[12]。当lambda(λ)取值为0.117 7时(对应左侧虚线lambda.min),模型的误差最小,此时对应的变量个数为10个。因此,剔除排名最后一位的婴幼儿数量,将剩余10个变量纳入多元线性回归模型。
以母乳喂养社会支持量表总分为因变量,以随机森林模型重要性排序前10的变量为自变量,进行多元逐步线性回归分析,(纳入标准:α≤0.05,剔除标准:β≥0.1)。结果显示,社区宣传母乳喂养的方式等是母乳喂养社会支持的影响因素,见表3
本研究中,产妇母乳喂养社会支持的总得分为52.00(9.00)分,处于中等偏上水平。这与2022年陈艳莉[13]的调查结果相似,但高于2020年吴玉梅[14]的研究结果。提示我国近年来母乳喂养促进策略的实施效果取得一定成效,但母乳喂养社会支持水平仍有进一步提高的空间。产妇母乳喂养社会支持量表中“实际帮助”和“来自医务人员的支持”维度得分高于“来自值得信赖的人精神层面的支持”维度得分。但Temesgen[15]的研究显示,产妇母乳喂养情感支持水平最高,而45.8%的产妇未得到实际帮助支持。这可能与我国近年来逐步完善了哺乳期母亲权益保护体系和福利政策,如落实父亲的陪产假等,有利于父亲参与育儿和给予产妇母乳喂养实际帮助支持等有关。此外,医务人员可为产妇提供较为充足的母乳喂养专业支持和情感支持[16],与本研究结果一致。本研究“来自值得信赖的人精神层面的支持”维度得分较低,提示家庭成员对产妇母乳喂养的重视程度不足。我国第七次人口普查结果显示[17],我国的总和生育率仅为1.3,人口总量负增长85万。随着育龄妇女人口规模的逐年降低、婚育年龄的推迟和生育观念的变化,家庭成员可能将关注重点放在婴儿孕育过程,相对忽略产妇母乳喂养的过程。
本研究显示,社区宣传母乳喂养的方式是产妇母乳喂养社会支持水平的最重要影响因素。社区没有宣传母乳喂养的产妇母乳喂养社会支持的得分低于获得各类社区宣传母乳喂养方式的产妇,说明近年来我国开展的母乳喂养宣传科普工作起到了积极的效果。但56.86%的产妇所在社区并未开展母乳喂养宣传活动,提示本地区母乳喂养宣传力度与形式仍有一定进步空间。因此,应加大母乳喂养宣传力度,创新宣传思路,拓宽宣传渠道。建议医护人员充分利用网络优势,通过社交媒体宣传母乳喂养的好处和母乳喂养的方法,实现母乳喂养专业支持、优质护理和家庭支持的充分连接。
本研究显示,是否重返工作岗位是影响产妇母乳喂养社会支持水平的第二影响因素,重返工作岗位的产妇母乳喂养社会支持水平高于未重返工作岗位的产妇。张新慧[18]的研究显示,产后返岗产妇的专业支持较弱,仅43.78%的产妇在工作后可以得到医务人员的帮助与支持,与本研究结果存在差异。但Juengst等[19]的质性研究显示,半数以上重返工作岗位的产妇可感受到来自同事和领导的情感支持,与本研究结果相似,这可能与研究方法、地点、人群等不同有关。未重返工作岗位的产妇在母乳喂养过程中,可能身心承受着较大压力,需要更多的社会支持。因此,壮大社区母乳喂养专业团队,延伸母乳喂养随访服务,有利于医护人员及时给予未重返工作岗位的产妇母乳喂养知识、技术指导与人文关怀。
本研究显示,婴幼儿白天的主要看护人是影响产妇母乳喂养社会支持水平的第三影响因素,婴幼儿白天的主要看护人为父辈的产妇母乳喂养社会支持得分高于看护人为产妇自己者。Nie[20]的研究显示,婴儿不同照顾者的母婴健康素养对产妇母乳喂养的情感支持水平无影响。本研究未调查婴幼儿主要看护人的母婴健康素养,但提示父辈看护者的实际帮助可有效提高产妇的母乳喂养社会支持水平。此外,产妇自己看护婴幼儿时,可能过多专注婴儿照护,无更多时间获取母乳喂养的专业知识,获得的社会支持较为局限。因此,鼓励父辈对产妇提供帮助,对提高产妇的母乳喂养社会支持水平至关重要。
本研究显示,夜间是否哺乳是影响产妇母乳喂养社会支持水平的第四影响因素,夜间哺乳的产妇母乳喂养社会支持水平高于夜间不哺乳的产妇。Tikotzky等[21]的研究显示,夜间哺乳的产妇感受到的父亲支持较少,与本研究结果存在差异。而Aerts等[22]的研究显示,父亲参与夜间婴幼儿的哺乳护理,可延长产妇夜间的慢波睡眠期,减少觉醒的次数,从而促进催乳素的分泌,增加泌乳量。因此,医护人员应重点关注夜间不哺乳的产妇,鼓励其伴侣主动分担夜间婴幼儿的护理工作,国家层面也应给予哺乳期产妇伴侣更多的政策支持,使得父亲夜晚有充足的精力参与育儿。
本研究显示,喂养方式也是影响产妇母乳喂养社会支持水平的因素,纯母乳喂养的产妇母乳喂养社会支持的得分高于混合喂养的产妇。而熊冬冬[11]的研究显示,婴幼儿不同喂养方式的产妇母乳喂养社会支持水平无差异,这可能与调查工具、调查人群不同有关。未来应进一步探索婴幼儿不同喂养方式与产妇母乳喂养社会支持水平的关系,以便为医务人员实施针对性的干预措施提供参考。
本研究从产妇的社会人口学特征、产后母乳喂养的经历和母乳喂养促进政策等角度出发,采用随机森林模型和LASSO回归分析筛选影响母乳喂养社会支持的重要影响因素,克服了多元线性回归自变量间多重共线性的问题,弥补了随机森林模型结果难以解释的缺陷,对于医护人员明确重点,实施促进母乳喂养的有效干预措施具有重要意义。本研究样本人群的选择仅限于承德市,研究结论推广性有限,未来可在我国其他地区,开展多中心调查,进一步验证母乳喂养社会支持的影响因素。
  • 承德医学院2023年大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2023068)
  • 2022年度承德市社会科学发展研究课题(20223112)
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2024年第51卷第18期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403560
  • 接收时间:2024-03-31
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-09-25
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承德医学院2023年大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2023068)
2022年度承德市社会科学发展研究课题(20223112)
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    承德医学院护理系,河北 承德 067000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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