Article(id=1241759327380373507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404038, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711987200000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773988094357, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1727193600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773988094357, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773988094357, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773988094357, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241759317016252418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='18', pageStart='3265', pageEnd='3456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773988091898, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991617194, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241774103024174010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241774103024174011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3416, endPage=3421, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241759329792098325, articleId=1241759327380373507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A cross-lagged analysis of sleep condition and physical & mental health among Chinese adults, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the longitudinal relationship between sleep condition and physical & mental health among Chinese adults and to provide a basis for improving sleep condition and preventing related chronic diseases.

Methods

Based on China Family Panel Studies data, sleep condition index was constructed using self-reported sleep time, quality and daytime function. Physiological health was measured using self-rated health, chronic diseases, physical discomfort and BMI values. Mental health was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. 15 187 adults in three periods (T0: 2016, T1: 2018, T2: 2020) were involved. Trend tests, Cross-lagged path models and robustness tests were used in this study.

Results

There was a significant downward trend in the sleep time among Chinese adults (Z=-19.609, P<0.001). The rate of insufficient sleep showed a clear upward trend (Z=-11.542, P<0.001). Sleep quality (Z=8.594, P<0.001) and daytime function (Z=11.045, P<0.001) showed significant deterioration trends. Correlation analysis results showed that sleep condition at three time points was positively correlated with physical health (P<0.001) and mental health (P<0.001). Cross-lagged analysis results showed that T0 and T1 sleep condition positively predicted T1 and T2 physical health [β=0.108(95%CI:0.093-0.122), β=0.078(95%CI:0.063-0.092)] and mental health [β=0.113(95%CI:0.096-0.126), β=0.095(95%CI:0.105-0.136)], T0 and T1 physical health [β=0.111(95%CI:0.096-0.129), β=0.121(95%CI:0.078-0.111)] and mental health [β=0.132(95%CI:0.116-0.149), β=0.139 (95%CI:0.122-0.156)] each positively predicted T1 and T2 sleep condition. The cross-lagged analysis results were robust in subgroups.

Conclusion

There has been a significant and concerning decline in the sleep condition among Chinese adults. There is a bidirectional predictive relationship between sleep condition and physical & mental health across time points.

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目的

探讨中国成年人睡眠状况与身心健康的纵向关系,为提升中国成年人睡眠状况以及预防相关慢性疾病提供依据。

方法

基于中国家庭追踪调查(China Family Panel Studies,CFPS)数据,利用自报夜晚睡眠时间、自评睡眠质量和日间功能构建睡眠状况指数,使用自评健康、慢性病、身体不适和BMI值测量生理健康,使用简易流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)测量心理健康,获得15 187个成年人三期(T0:2016年、T1:2018年、T2:2020年)纵向数据,采用趋势检验分析中国成年人睡眠状况变化趋势,使用交叉滞后路径模型和稳健性检验研究睡眠状况与生理健康和心理健康的纵向关系。

结果

中国成年人夜晚睡眠时间呈显著下降趋势(Z=-19.609,P<0.001),睡眠不足报告率呈明显上升趋势(Z=-11.542,P<0.001),睡眠质量(Z=8.594,P<0.001)和日间功能(Z=11.045,P<0.001)呈显著恶化趋势。相关性分析结果显示,3个时间点的睡眠状况与生理健康(P值均<0.001)和心理健康(P值均<0.001)均呈正相关。交叉滞后分析结果显示,T0、T1睡眠状况均正向预测T1、T2生理健康 [β=0.108(95% CI:0.093~0.122),β=0.078(95% CI:0.063~0.092)]和心理健康 [β=0.113(95% CI:0.096~0.126),β=0.095(95% CI:0.105~0.136)],T0、T1生理健康 [β=0.111(95% CI:0.096~0.129),β=0.121(95% CI:0.078~0.111)]和心理健康 [β=0.132(95% CI:0.116~0.149),β=0.139(95% CI:0.122~0.156)]分别正向预测T1、T2睡眠状况。交叉滞后分析结果在亚组中始终稳健。

结论

中国成年人睡眠状况呈明显恶化趋势,睡眠状况与生理健康和心理健康均具有跨时间点的双向预测关系。

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袁亚运,E-mail:
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袁亚运(1991—),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:健康社会学

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Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2021, 60: 101556., articleTitle=Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241759348821656190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327380373507, awardId=Z7022002, language=CN, fundingSource=临沂大学科研启动基金(Z7022002), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241759338507862198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327380373507, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759338528833719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327380373507, companyId=1241759338507862198, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Education, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276005, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759338570776764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327380373507, companyId=1241759338507862198, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=临沂大学教育学院,山东 临沂 276005)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241759343423586749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327380373507, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=CLPM result of sleep condition and physical & mental health among Chinese adults, figureFileSmall=oxhYP3xdvdB69M0UHzKyRQ==, figureFileBig=w62Qz80HyCIvdyRGAwcqDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241759343549415884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327380373507, language=CN, label=图1, caption=中国成年人睡眠状况与身心健康的交叉滞后分析

注:SC是睡眠状况,PH是生理健康,MH是心理健康;显著性表示:a为P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=oxhYP3xdvdB69M0UHzKyRQ==, figureFileBig=w62Qz80HyCIvdyRGAwcqDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241759344023372275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327380373507, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=CLPM result of sleep condition and physical & mental health among Chinese adults in gender subgroup, figureFileSmall=gVKh+K2Zu0KWC/CTe/ZTxg==, figureFileBig=ckI1XZ4mjLUxDmCiY3fiFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241759344178561538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327380373507, language=CN, label=图2, caption=中国成年人睡眠状况与身心健康交叉滞后模型的性别亚组分析

注:SC是睡眠状况,PH是生理健康,MH是心理健康;显著性表示:a为P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=gVKh+K2Zu0KWC/CTe/ZTxg==, figureFileBig=ckI1XZ4mjLUxDmCiY3fiFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241759344333750803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327380373507, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=CLPM result of sleep condition and physical & mental health among Chinese adults in urban/rural subgroup, figureFileSmall=KO97w5hgcad+VL0KxoL8KQ==, figureFileBig=nJqNx/awq2ZDGF2f1KUiYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241759344472162843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327380373507, language=CN, label=图3, caption=中国成年人睡眠状况与身心健康交叉滞后模型的城乡亚组分析

注:SC是睡眠状况,PH是生理健康,MH是心理健康;显著性表示:a为P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=KO97w5hgcad+VL0KxoL8KQ==, figureFileBig=nJqNx/awq2ZDGF2f1KUiYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241759344597991977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327380373507, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of the Sample

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征类别例数(n比例(%)
性别女性7 68050.57
男性7 50749.43
年龄组(岁)18~292 79518.40
30~444 12527.16
45~595 13633.82
≥603 13120.62
城乡农村7 73950.96
城镇7 44849.04
地区东部地区4 93932.52
中部地区5 93839.10
西部地区4 31028.38
), ArticleFig(id=1241759344719626804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327380373507, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

样本基本特征情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征类别例数(n比例(%)
性别女性7 68050.57
男性7 50749.43
年龄组(岁)18~292 79518.40
30~444 12527.16
45~595 13633.82
≥603 13120.62
城乡农村7 73950.96
城镇7 44849.04
地区东部地区4 93932.52
中部地区5 93839.10
西部地区4 31028.38
), ArticleFig(id=1241759344841261635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327380373507, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Trends of Sleep Condition and Physical & Mental Health among Chinese adults

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征T0T1T2ZP
夜晚睡眠时间[n(%)]-11.542<0.001
睡眠不足(<7 h)3 043(20.04)3 493(23.00)3 524(23.20)
睡眠合理(7~<9 h)9 474(62.38)9 309(61.30)9 755(64.23)
睡眠过长(≥9 h)2 670(17.58)2 385(15.70)1 908(12.56)
睡眠质量[n(%)]8.594<0.001
很好7 686(50.61)7 157(47.13)7 096(46.72)
4 850(31.94)4 916(32.37)4 822(31.75)
1 667(10.98)2 007(13.22)2 037(13.41)
很差984(6.48)1 107(7.29)1 232(8.11)
日间功能[n(%)]11.045<0.001
很好7 783(51.25)6 900(45.43)6 965(45.86)
5 516(36.32)6 050(39.84)5 767(37.97)
1 205(7.93)1 395(9.19)1 436(9.46)
很差683(4.50)842(5.54)1 019(6.71)
夜晚睡眠时间[h,]7.72±1.457.63±1.427.41±1.30-19.609<0.001
睡眠状况3.77±1.543.94±1.593.96±1.659.701<0.001
生理健康3.83±1.693.89±1.713.83±1.72-0.3560.717
心理健康3.68±3.043.95±3.003.99±3.168.749<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241759345025811025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327380373507, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中国成年人睡眠状况和身心健康的变化趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征T0T1T2ZP
夜晚睡眠时间[n(%)]-11.542<0.001
睡眠不足(<7 h)3 043(20.04)3 493(23.00)3 524(23.20)
睡眠合理(7~<9 h)9 474(62.38)9 309(61.30)9 755(64.23)
睡眠过长(≥9 h)2 670(17.58)2 385(15.70)1 908(12.56)
睡眠质量[n(%)]8.594<0.001
很好7 686(50.61)7 157(47.13)7 096(46.72)
4 850(31.94)4 916(32.37)4 822(31.75)
1 667(10.98)2 007(13.22)2 037(13.41)
很差984(6.48)1 107(7.29)1 232(8.11)
日间功能[n(%)]11.045<0.001
很好7 783(51.25)6 900(45.43)6 965(45.86)
5 516(36.32)6 050(39.84)5 767(37.97)
1 205(7.93)1 395(9.19)1 436(9.46)
很差683(4.50)842(5.54)1 019(6.71)
夜晚睡眠时间[h,]7.72±1.457.63±1.427.41±1.30-19.609<0.001
睡眠状况3.77±1.543.94±1.593.96±1.659.701<0.001
生理健康3.83±1.693.89±1.713.83±1.72-0.3560.717
心理健康3.68±3.043.95±3.003.99±3.168.749<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241759346598675040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327380373507, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation analysis of sleep condition and physical & mental health among Chinese adults

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量T0 SCT1 SCT2 SCT0 PH/T0 MHT1 PH/T1 MHT2 PH/T2 MH
T0 SC1.000
T1 SC0.382a1.000
T2 SC0.340a0.379a1.000
T0 PH/0.338a0.227a0.204a1.000
T0 MH0.488a0.287a0.255a1.000
T1 PH/0.249a0.300a0.223a0.456a1.000
T1 MH0.302a0.479a0.287a0.443a1.000
T2 PH/0.223a0.22a0.295a0.422a0.502a1.000
T2 MH0.254a0.284a0.486a0.380a0.442a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241759348507083367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759327380373507, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

中国成年人睡眠状况与身心健康的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量T0 SCT1 SCT2 SCT0 PH/T0 MHT1 PH/T1 MHT2 PH/T2 MH
T0 SC1.000
T1 SC0.382a1.000
T2 SC0.340a0.379a1.000
T0 PH/0.338a0.227a0.204a1.000
T0 MH0.488a0.287a0.255a1.000
T1 PH/0.249a0.300a0.223a0.456a1.000
T1 MH0.302a0.479a0.287a0.443a1.000
T2 PH/0.223a0.22a0.295a0.422a0.502a1.000
T2 MH0.254a0.284a0.486a0.380a0.442a1.000
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中国成年人睡眠状况与身心健康的交叉滞后分析
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袁亚运
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024,51(18): 3416-3421
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现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024, 51(18): 3416-3421
中国成年人睡眠状况与身心健康的交叉滞后分析
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袁亚运
作者信息
  • 临沂大学教育学院,山东 临沂 276005
  • 袁亚运(1991—),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:健康社会学

通讯作者:

袁亚运,E-mail:
A cross-lagged analysis of sleep condition and physical & mental health among Chinese adults
Ya-yun YUAN
Affiliations
  • School of Education, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276005, China
出版时间: 2024-09-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404038
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目的

探讨中国成年人睡眠状况与身心健康的纵向关系,为提升中国成年人睡眠状况以及预防相关慢性疾病提供依据。

方法

基于中国家庭追踪调查(China Family Panel Studies,CFPS)数据,利用自报夜晚睡眠时间、自评睡眠质量和日间功能构建睡眠状况指数,使用自评健康、慢性病、身体不适和BMI值测量生理健康,使用简易流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)测量心理健康,获得15 187个成年人三期(T0:2016年、T1:2018年、T2:2020年)纵向数据,采用趋势检验分析中国成年人睡眠状况变化趋势,使用交叉滞后路径模型和稳健性检验研究睡眠状况与生理健康和心理健康的纵向关系。

结果

中国成年人夜晚睡眠时间呈显著下降趋势(Z=-19.609,P<0.001),睡眠不足报告率呈明显上升趋势(Z=-11.542,P<0.001),睡眠质量(Z=8.594,P<0.001)和日间功能(Z=11.045,P<0.001)呈显著恶化趋势。相关性分析结果显示,3个时间点的睡眠状况与生理健康(P值均<0.001)和心理健康(P值均<0.001)均呈正相关。交叉滞后分析结果显示,T0、T1睡眠状况均正向预测T1、T2生理健康 [β=0.108(95% CI:0.093~0.122),β=0.078(95% CI:0.063~0.092)]和心理健康 [β=0.113(95% CI:0.096~0.126),β=0.095(95% CI:0.105~0.136)],T0、T1生理健康 [β=0.111(95% CI:0.096~0.129),β=0.121(95% CI:0.078~0.111)]和心理健康 [β=0.132(95% CI:0.116~0.149),β=0.139(95% CI:0.122~0.156)]分别正向预测T1、T2睡眠状况。交叉滞后分析结果在亚组中始终稳健。

结论

中国成年人睡眠状况呈明显恶化趋势,睡眠状况与生理健康和心理健康均具有跨时间点的双向预测关系。

睡眠状况  /  生理健康  /  心理健康  /  交叉滞后分析
Objective

To explore the longitudinal relationship between sleep condition and physical & mental health among Chinese adults and to provide a basis for improving sleep condition and preventing related chronic diseases.

Methods

Based on China Family Panel Studies data, sleep condition index was constructed using self-reported sleep time, quality and daytime function. Physiological health was measured using self-rated health, chronic diseases, physical discomfort and BMI values. Mental health was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. 15 187 adults in three periods (T0: 2016, T1: 2018, T2: 2020) were involved. Trend tests, Cross-lagged path models and robustness tests were used in this study.

Results

There was a significant downward trend in the sleep time among Chinese adults (Z=-19.609, P<0.001). The rate of insufficient sleep showed a clear upward trend (Z=-11.542, P<0.001). Sleep quality (Z=8.594, P<0.001) and daytime function (Z=11.045, P<0.001) showed significant deterioration trends. Correlation analysis results showed that sleep condition at three time points was positively correlated with physical health (P<0.001) and mental health (P<0.001). Cross-lagged analysis results showed that T0 and T1 sleep condition positively predicted T1 and T2 physical health [β=0.108(95%CI:0.093-0.122), β=0.078(95%CI:0.063-0.092)] and mental health [β=0.113(95%CI:0.096-0.126), β=0.095(95%CI:0.105-0.136)], T0 and T1 physical health [β=0.111(95%CI:0.096-0.129), β=0.121(95%CI:0.078-0.111)] and mental health [β=0.132(95%CI:0.116-0.149), β=0.139 (95%CI:0.122-0.156)] each positively predicted T1 and T2 sleep condition. The cross-lagged analysis results were robust in subgroups.

Conclusion

There has been a significant and concerning decline in the sleep condition among Chinese adults. There is a bidirectional predictive relationship between sleep condition and physical & mental health across time points.

Sleep quality  /  Physical health  /  Mental health  /  Cross-lagged path model
袁亚运. 中国成年人睡眠状况与身心健康的交叉滞后分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (18) : 3416 -3421 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404038
Ya-yun YUAN. A cross-lagged analysis of sleep condition and physical & mental health among Chinese adults[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (18) : 3416 -3421 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404038
睡眠是人类最基本、最重要的生理需求之一,但随着社会经济生活的发展,睡眠不足、睡眠障碍、失眠等睡眠问题成为了一个严重的公共健康问题[1]。2022年中国社会心态调查显示,中国民众每晚平均睡眠时长为(7.40±1.0)h,16.79%平均每晚睡眠时长不足7 h,10.40%自评睡眠质量“不好”或“非常差”[2]。一项利用中国健康与营养调查数据发现,2004—2011年中国45~59岁和>60岁人群睡眠不足率逐年上升[3]。《中国睡眠研究报告(2022)》显示,近十年中国公众平均每天睡眠时间逐年缩短[4]。现有研究发现,长期睡眠不足、睡眠质量差可增加高血压、糖尿病等多种慢性病疾病风险,良好睡眠能够稳定情绪,提升记忆力与注意力,有助于更好地应对日常生活的挑战[5-7]。现有研究还发现,慢性疾病、疼痛、不健康生活方式、抑郁、焦虑等不良身心健康状况是导致睡眠时间不足、睡眠质量较差的重要因素[8-9]。可见,睡眠状况与身心健康密切相关。但是,现有研究多为横向研究,多采用回归分析方法,无法明确睡眠状况和身心健康间的纵向关系和方向。因此,本研究利用2016—2020年中国家庭追踪调查(China Family Panel Studies,CFPS)纵向数据,使用交叉滞后路径模型(Cross-lagged Path Model,CLPM)和稳健性检验方法,实证探究中国成年人睡眠状况与生理健康和心理健康间的纵向关联,为促进成年人群睡眠状况以及预防相关慢性疾病和心理疾病提供科学证据。
使用北京大学中国社会科学调查中心主持的“中国家庭追踪调查”(CFPS)中全部参与2016年、2018年和2020年调查的成年人数据。CFPS正式调查开始于2010年,之后每两年追访调查一次,截止目前已经完成了七轮全国调查,数据公开至第六轮全国调查(2020年)。CFPS是一项全国性、大规模、多学科的社会跟踪调查项目,追踪收集个体、家庭、社区三个层次的数据。CFPS采用内隐分层、多阶段和与人口规模成比例(PPS)的系统概率抽样方法,覆盖了中国95%以上的总人口,目标样本规模为16 000户,调查对象包含样本家户中的全部家庭成员。经过统一培训的调查员使用结构化问卷,由计算机辅助入户面对面访问家户成员[10]。该调查获得北京大学生物医学伦理委员会批准(伦理审批号:IRB00001052-14010),且在调查对象签署访问知情同意书的情况下开展调查。问卷内容包括睡眠时间、睡眠质量、自评日间功能、自评健康、慢性病、身高、体重、抑郁、性别、年龄、城乡和地区等内容。本研究删除睡眠状况、身心健康和社会人口特征缺失数据后,纳入分析的样本数为15 187个。
(1)睡眠状况:借鉴匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI),采用自报夜晚睡眠时间、睡眠质量和日间功能测量综合睡眠状况。CFPS采用自报方式测量睡眠时间,“不包括午休时间,一般情况下,①每天大约睡几个小时?②工作日每天大约睡几个小时?③休息日每天大约睡几个小时?”。受访者如实回答。其中,①与②、③题互斥。若受访者回答后两题,考虑到工作日和休息日在1周中所占比重不同,使用“平均每天睡眠时间=工作日×5/7+休息日×2/7”计算。结合我国相关标准以及美国疾病预防控制中心有关睡眠时间的推荐,本研究把平均每天睡眠时间<7 h界定为睡眠不足,赋值为1;把≥9 h界定为睡眠过多,赋值为1;把7~9 h界定为合理睡眠时间,赋值为0[11]。CFPS采用自评方式测量睡眠质量和日间功能,设问是“过去一周内,您感觉自己睡眠不好的天数”和“过去一周内,您感觉自己做任何事都很费劲的天数”,选项均为四级:1=很好(不到一天)、2=好(=1~2天)、3=差(3~4天)、4=很差(5~7天)。使用相加法生成综合睡眠状况,值越大,说明睡眠状况越差。
(2)生理健康:使用自评健康、慢性病、身体不适和BMI值(身体质量指数)测量生理健康。自评健康即受访者自我评价的整体健康状况,选项为Likert五级:1=非常健康、2=很健康、3=比较健康、4=一般、5=不健康。慢性病即经医生确诊的慢性病情况(0=没有,1=有)。身体不适是受访者自报的最近两周内的身体不适情况(0=没有,1=有)。BMI值是受访者体重(kg)与身高平方(m2)之比,并把18.5~23.9内的视为“正常组”,赋值为0;把不在此区间内的视为“非正常组”,赋值为1。使用相加法生成生理健康,值越大,说明生理越不健康。
(3)心理健康:使用简易流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)测量心理健康。CFPS项目中,CES-D量表共6个题目:①我感到情绪低落;②我感到愉快;③我感到孤独;④我生活快乐;⑤我感到悲伤难过;⑥我觉得生活无法继续。每个题目要求被访者自评过去一周内出现题目所提及症状的频率:1=几乎没有(不到一天);2=有些时候(1~2天);3=经常有(3~4天);4=大多数时候有(5~7天)。使用相加法生成心理健康,值越大,说明心理越不健康。
(4)协变量:控制性别、年龄、城乡和地区这些影响睡眠状况和身心健康的因素。依据受访者的生理特征界定性别,按照18~29、30~44、45~59、≥60岁把年龄划分为4个年龄段,依据国家统计局资料界定城乡和地区。
主要使用Stata 17.0 软件进行数据处理和数据分析。对正太分布的连续变量用均值±标准差表示,分类资料用频数和构成比表示。使用Jonckheere-Terpstra趋势检验,分析中国成年人睡眠状况、生理健康和心理健康的年际变化趋势。采用Pearson相关方法,分析睡眠状况和生理健康与心理健康的相关性。采用交叉滞后路径分析[12],并借鉴周广帅等的方法[13],考察T0、T1时间点睡眠状况与生理健康、心理健康分别对T1、T2时间点睡眠状况与生理健康、心理健康的预测效应。为了确保研究结果的稳健性,分别以性别和城乡作为分层进一步分析睡眠状况与身心健康的纵向关系。检验水准为双侧α=0.001。
本研究共纳入15 187人进行分析。以2016年(T0)调查数据作为基线资料,男性占49.53%,女性占50.57%;45~59岁人群占比最高(33.82%);农村人群占比50.96%;中部地区比重最大(39.10%)。见表1
2016—2020年间,中国成年人睡眠状况呈现出显著恶化趋势(P<0.001)。夜晚睡眠时间连续下降,且具有统计学意义(P<0.001);睡眠不足报告率持续上升,睡眠过多报告率持续下降(P <0.001)。睡眠质量和日间功能也呈现出显著恶化趋势(P值均<0.001),自评“很差”的比重均不断上升。中国成年人心理健康呈明显恶化趋势(P<0.001),生理健康则没有(P=0.717)。见表2
Pearson相关性分析性结果显示,T0、T1、T2睡眠状况两两呈正相关(P值均<0.01),生理健康(P值均<0.01)和心理健康(P值均<0.01)也两两呈正相关。在同一年里,睡眠状况与生理健康(P值均<0.001)呈显著正相关,与心理健康(P值均<0.001)也呈显著正相关。在滞后一期上,睡眠状况与生理健康、心理健康同样均是正相关关系(P值均<0.001)。见表3。这说明,中国成年人睡眠状况与生理健康和心理健康均满足继时性相关和同时性相关,适合进一步交叉滞后分析。
中国成年人睡眠状况与生理健康的模型拟合结果良好(RMSEA=0.081,CFI=0.942,TLI=0.831)。T0睡眠状况和T0生理健康显著相关(P<0.001)。T0、T1睡眠状况、生理健康分别正向预测T1、T2睡眠状况、生理健康(P值均<0.001)。分别控制了社会人口特征和T0、T1生理健康,T0、T1睡眠状况分别正向预测T1、T2生理健康 [β值=0.108(95%CI:0.093~0.122),β值=0.078(95%CI:0.063~0.092)]。分别控制了社会人口特征和T0、T1睡眠状况,T0、T1生理健康同样分别正向预测T1、T2睡眠状况[β值=0.111(95%CI:0.096~0.126),β值=0.121(95%CI:0.105~0.136)]。见图1a。这表明,中国成年人睡眠状况与生理健康具有跨时间点的双向预测关系。
睡眠状况与心理健康的交叉滞后模型拟合结果良好(RMSEA=0.078,CFI=0.845,TLI=0.807)。T0睡眠状况和T0心理健康显著相关(P<0.001)。T0、T1睡眠状况、心理健康分别正向预测T1、T2睡眠状况、心理健康(P值均<0.001)。分别控制社会人口特征和T0、T1心理健康,T0、T1睡眠状况分别正向预测T1、T2心理健康 [β值=0.113(95%CI:0.096~0.129),β值=0.095(95%CI:0.078~0.111)]。分别控制社会人口特征和T0、T1睡眠状况,T0、T1心理健康也分别正向预测T1、T2睡眠状况 [β值=0.132(95%CI:0.116~0.149),β值=0.139(95%CI:0.122~0.156)]。见图1b。这意味着,中国成年人睡眠状况与心理健康具有跨时间点的双向预测关系。
无论分性别(男性组、女性组)还是分城乡(城镇组、农村组),其结果均显示,T0、T1睡眠状况分别正向预测T1、T2生理健康、心理健康(P值均<0.001),T0、T1生理健康、心理健康分别正向预测T1、T2睡眠状况(P值均<0.001)。见图2图3。这说明,本研究交叉滞后分析结果具有稳健性。
趋势检验结果显示,2016—2020年中国成年人夜晚睡眠时间、睡眠质量和日间功能等睡眠状况均呈显著恶化趋势(P值均<0.001)。这与金东辉等[3]、刘爱玲等[14]、Sheehan等[15]的研究结果具有内在一致性。1985—2012年,美国成年人睡眠时间从7.40 h下降至7.18 h,睡眠时间≤6小时的比例从22.3%上升至29.2%[16]。这可能是丰富的夜间娱乐活动、移动通讯产品的普及、快节奏的生活和工作节奏特别是“996”工作制、长时间通勤、高昂的房价和教育焦虑等多种因素共同作用的结果[4,14]。建议相关政府部门加强对成年人睡眠状况的关注。加强睡眠健康教育,创新宣传方式和内容,普及睡眠相关的科学知识,帮助公众认识到良好睡眠的重要性。通过政策措施如改善劳动条件、提供灵活工作安排等,保障成年人睡眠时间充足,提高睡眠质量。
交叉滞后分析结果显示,睡眠状况可以分别正向预测2年后成年人生理健康,生理健康也可以正向预测2年后成年人睡眠状况,意味着中国成年人睡眠状况与生理健康具有跨时间点的双向预测关系。这与国内外相关研究发现相类似。一项针对中国老年人调查数据发现,夜晚睡眠不足、睡眠状况差与较高的慢性病共病罹患风险有关[6]。一项针对162 512名18~35岁挪威大学生研究发现,失眠发生率在大多数身体疾病组中显著高于健康组[17]。一项包含1 191 768名美国成年人的研究发现,睡眠时间过短或过长与多种慢性疾病之间存在显著关联[18]。一项针对英国老年人的研究发现,睡眠质量差与身体表现较差间存在显著关联[19]
本研究发现,睡眠状况可以分别正向预测2年后成年人心理健康,心理健康也可以正向预测2年后成年人睡眠状况,表明中国成年人睡眠状况与心理健康具有跨时间点的双向预测关系。这证实了国内外相关研究结果。王俊秀等发现,良好的睡眠有助于提高心理健康水平,并增强自我肯定[4]。Clement-Carbonell等发现,相比与身体健康间的关联,青年睡眠质量与心理健康间的关联明显更强[20]。Muzni等指出,睡眠质量是心理健康非常强的独立预测因素[21]。一项澳大利亚成年人的研究指出,在调整性别和年龄后,更差睡眠质量与更差情感功能和社会功能间存在牢固关联[22]。一项Meta分析发现,睡眠时间不足和过长与成年人抑郁症风险增加显著相关[23]。另一项Meta分析证实,改善睡眠对心理健康产生了显著的中等影响[24]
综上所述,中国成年人睡眠状况与身心健康具有跨时间点的双向预测关系。本研究利用纵向调查数据,深化了以往仅从横向角度探讨睡眠状况与身心健康间关系的理解,为预防成年人睡眠问题以及相关慢性疾病提供了现实借鉴意义。本研究存在一些不足。一是变量测量的不足。受限于二手数据,睡眠状况、生理健康和心理健康的测量无法使用常规量表,可能存在测量信度不足问题,造成研究结果存在一定偏差。二是分析方法的不足。交叉滞后分析需要满足人群内部一致性、随访间隔需要接近真实因果效应时间等前提假设。限于条件,本研究只是识别出了睡眠状况与身心健康间的时序关联,未能有效证明二者的因果关系,未来研究需要选择更为合适模型分析二者间的因果关系。
  • 临沂大学科研启动基金(Z7022002)
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2024年第51卷第18期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404038
  • 接收时间:2024-04-02
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-02
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临沂大学科研启动基金(Z7022002)
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    临沂大学教育学院,山东 临沂 276005

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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