Article(id=1241676530368173032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406065, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717516800000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968354073, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1731168000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968354073, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968354073, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968354073, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241676522256388920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='21', pageStart='3841', pageEnd='4032', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968352140, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968629818, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3996, endPage=4002, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241676531244781600, articleId=1241676530368173032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Surveillance and analysis of suspected adverse events following immunization of poliomyelitis vaccination in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze suspected adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of poliomyelitis vaccination (PV) in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023.

Methods

Data on adverse events following immunization (AEFI) were collected through the AEFI monitoring module of the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. These included cases related to the bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV), inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Sabin strains (sIPV), inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), and the combined diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus, and Haemophiles influenza type b vaccine (DTaP-IPV-Hib). The number of vaccine doses administered was obtained from the Anhui Immunization Program Information Management System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence and characteristics of AEFI reports.

Results

A total of 3 036 cases of AEFI related to poliomyelitis vaccination were reported in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023, with an overall incidence rate of 38.37 per 100 000 doses. The incidence rates for bOPV, IPV-Sabin, IPV-Salk, and DTaP-IPV-Hib were 17.47, 47.86, 33.29, and 82.11 per 100 000 doses, respectively. General reactions accounted for 94.57% of cases, while abnormal reactions constituted 4.97%. The male-to-female ratio was 1.31:1. Among general reactions, the incidence rates for high fever (axillary temperature ≥ 38.6°C), local swelling (diameter > 2.5 cm), and local induration (diameter > 2.5 cm) were 8.67, 7.22, and 4.41 per 100 000 doses, respectively. For abnormal reactions, the incidence rates for allergic rashes and other diseases were 1.43 and 0.48 per 100 000 doses, respectively.

Conclusion

From 2020 to 2023,AEFI related to poliomyelitis vaccination in Anhui Province were predominantly general reactions, with abnormal reactions being rare.

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目的

分析安徽省2020—2023年脊髓灰质炎(简称脊灰)疫苗(poliomyelitis vaccine,PV)疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)。

方法

通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统AEFI监测模块(中国AEFI监测系统)收集安徽省2020—2023年二价脊灰减毒活疫苗(bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine,bOPV)、sabin株脊灰灭活疫苗(inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Sabin strains,sIPV)、脊灰灭活疫苗(salk strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine,IPV)和吸附无细胞百白破灭活脊髓灰质炎和b型流感嗜血杆菌(结合)联合疫苗(diphtheria,tetanus,acellular pertussis,inactivated poliovirus and Haemophilus influenza type b combined vaccine,DTaP-IPV-Hib)的AEFI个案数据,通过安徽省免疫规划信息管理系统收集疫苗接种剂次数,采用描述性流行病学方法对AEFI报告发生率和特征进行分析。

结果

安徽省2020—2023年共报告PV的AEFI个案3 036例,总报告发生率为38.37/10万剂,其中bOPV、IPV-sabin、IPV-salk、DTaP-IPV-Hib报告发生率分别为17.47/10万剂、47.86/10万剂、33.29/10万剂和82.11/10万剂。一般反应、异常反应分别占94.57%和4.97%。男女性别比为1.31∶1。一般反应中高热(腋温≥38.6℃)、局部红肿(直径>2.5 cm)和局部硬结(直径>2.5cm)报告发生率分别为8.67/10万剂、7.22/10万剂和4.41/10万剂,异常反应中过敏性皮疹、其他疾病报告发生率分别为1.43/10万剂、0.48/10万剂。

结论

安徽省2020—2023年PV AEFI多为一般反应,异常反应罕见。

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孟凡亚,E-mail:
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胡文怡(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:疫苗安全性

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Modern Preventive Medicine, 2023, 50(21): 3991-3994, 4026., articleTitle=Surveillance and analysis of suspected abnormal reaction of polio vaccine in Shaanxi Province from 2020 to 2022, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241821872338306009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676530368173032, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=27, issue=11, pageStart=1299, pageEnd=1303, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=35, authorNames=孙丽, 许晓萌, 王晶辉, journalName=实用预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙丽,许晓萌,王晶辉,.河北省三种脊髓灰质炎疫苗安全性监测分析[J].实用预防医学202027(11):1299-1303., articleTitle=河北省三种脊髓灰质炎疫苗安全性监测分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241821872468329441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676530368173032, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=27, issue=11, pageStart=1299, pageEnd=1303, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Sun L, Xu XM, Wang JH, journalName=Practical Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun L, Xu XM, Wang JH, et al. Monitoring on safety of three types of poliomyelitis vaccines in Hebei province[J]. Practical Preventive Medicine,2020, 27(11): 1299-1303.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Monitoring on safety of three types of poliomyelitis vaccines in Hebei province, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241821854256660748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676530368173032, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821854260855053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676530368173032, companyId=1241821854256660748, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821854273437966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676530368173032, companyId=1241821854256660748, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.蚌埠医科大学,安徽 蚌埠 233030)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241821854390878485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676530368173032, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821854411850006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676530368173032, companyId=1241821854390878485, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.安徽省疾病预防控制中心,安徽 合肥 230601)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241821859616981590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676530368173032, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Incidence rates of polio vaccine AEFIs reported by classification in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AEFI分类bOPVIPV-sabinIPV-salkDTaP-IPV-Hib合计
人数发生率(/10万剂)人数发生率(/10万剂)人数发生率 (/10万剂)人数发生率(/10万剂)人数发生率 (/10万剂)
一般反应42215.961 46845.8042031.3556177.542 87136.29
异常反应391.48601.87231.72294.011511.91
偶合症10.0420.0620.1540.5590.11
心因性反应0020.0610.070030.04
待定0010.03000010.01
不能分类0010.03000010.01
合计46217.471 53447.8644633.2959482.113 03638.37
), ArticleFig(id=1241821859767976540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676530368173032, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

安徽省2020—2023年PV的AEFI报告发生率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AEFI分类bOPVIPV-sabinIPV-salkDTaP-IPV-Hib合计
人数发生率(/10万剂)人数发生率(/10万剂)人数发生率 (/10万剂)人数发生率(/10万剂)人数发生率 (/10万剂)
一般反应42215.961 46845.8042031.3556177.542 87136.29
异常反应391.48601.87231.72294.011511.91
偶合症10.0420.0620.1540.5590.11
心因性反应0020.0610.070030.04
待定0010.03000010.01
不能分类0010.03000010.01
合计46217.471 53447.8644633.2959482.113 03638.37
), ArticleFig(id=1241821859948331627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676530368173032, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Geographical distribution of AEFI of polio vaccine in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
城市bOPVIPV-sabinIPV-salkDTaP-IPV-Hib总计
人数构成比(%)人数构成比(%)人数构成比(%)人数构成比(%)人数构成比(%)
合肥市398.441227.95173.818814.812668.76
芜湖市204.33312.02153.36284.71943.10
蚌埠市183.90845.48163.59406.731585.20
淮南市153.25352.28112.47162.69772.54
马鞍山市143.03422.74122.69233.87913.00
淮北市61.30422.7492.0230.51601.98
铜陵市91.95181.17102.2440.67411.35
安庆市265.63583.78429.42132.191394.58
黄山市61.30201.3020.45183.03461.52
阜阳市14130.5262240.5516236.3226344.281 18839.13
宿州市459.74936.06316.95132.191825.99
滁州市173.68352.28235.16223.70973.19
六安市255.41795.155011.21111.851655.43
宣城市143.03674.37112.47142.361063.49
池州市81.73221.4361.3520.34381.25
亳州市5912.7716410.69296.50366.062889.49
总计462100.001 534100.00446100.00594100.003 036100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241821863446381176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676530368173032, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

安徽省2020—2023年PV的AEFI地域分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
城市bOPVIPV-sabinIPV-salkDTaP-IPV-Hib总计
人数构成比(%)人数构成比(%)人数构成比(%)人数构成比(%)人数构成比(%)
合肥市398.441227.95173.818814.812668.76
芜湖市204.33312.02153.36284.71943.10
蚌埠市183.90845.48163.59406.731585.20
淮南市153.25352.28112.47162.69772.54
马鞍山市143.03422.74122.69233.87913.00
淮北市61.30422.7492.0230.51601.98
铜陵市91.95181.17102.2440.67411.35
安庆市265.63583.78429.42132.191394.58
黄山市61.30201.3020.45183.03461.52
阜阳市14130.5262240.5516236.3226344.281 18839.13
宿州市459.74936.06316.95132.191825.99
滁州市173.68352.28235.16223.70973.19
六安市255.41795.155011.21111.851655.43
宣城市143.03674.37112.47142.361063.49
池州市81.73221.4361.3520.34381.25
亳州市5912.7716410.69296.50366.062889.49
总计462100.001 534100.00446100.00594100.003 036100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241821863584793215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676530368173032, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Distribution of age, gender, dose, and interval between vaccination and symptom onset of AEFI of polio vaccine in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征bOPVIPV-sabinIPV-salkDTaP-IPV-Hib总计
人数构成比(%)人数构成比(%)人数构成比(%)人数构成比(%)人数构成比(%)
性别
27659.7483954.6925156.2835459.601 72056.65
18640.2669545.3119543.7224040.401 31643.35
年龄(岁)
<133472.2998664.2827862.3336862.951 96664.76
1~411424.6837224.2511024.6622638.0582227.08
>4143.0317611.475813.00002488.17
剂次
19721.0058938.4016637.2218230.641 03434.06
2112.3950532.9216035.8711819.8979426.15
325655.41613.98153.3610818.1844014.49
49821.2132821.387115.9218631.3168322.50
>400513.32347.6200852.80
出现症状间隔(d)
038883.98130785.2036481.6141169.19247081.36
1~77315.8022214.478118.1617429.2955018.12
8~1410.2120.130050.8480.26
≥150030.2010.2240.6780.26
总计462100.001 534100.00446100.00594100.003 036100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241821863719010948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676530368173032, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

安徽省2020—2023年PV的AEFI中年龄、性别、剂次和出现症状间隔时间分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征bOPVIPV-sabinIPV-salkDTaP-IPV-Hib总计
人数构成比(%)人数构成比(%)人数构成比(%)人数构成比(%)人数构成比(%)
性别
27659.7483954.6925156.2835459.601 72056.65
18640.2669545.3119543.7224040.401 31643.35
年龄(岁)
<133472.2998664.2827862.3336862.951 96664.76
1~411424.6837224.2511024.6622638.0582227.08
>4143.0317611.475813.00002488.17
剂次
19721.0058938.4016637.2218230.641 03434.06
2112.3950532.9216035.8711819.8979426.15
325655.41613.98153.3610818.1844014.49
49821.2132821.387115.9218631.3168322.50
>400513.32347.6200852.80
出现症状间隔(d)
038883.98130785.2036481.6141169.19247081.36
1~77315.8022214.478118.1617429.2955018.12
8~1410.2120.130050.8480.26
≥150030.2010.2240.6780.26
总计462100.001 534100.00446100.00594100.003 036100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241821863853228687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676530368173032, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Distribution of general reactions of AEFI of polio vaccine in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一般反应bOPVIPV-sabinIPV-salkDTaP-IPV-Hib总计
人数发生率
(/10万剂)
人数发生率
(/10万剂)
人数发生率
(/10万剂)
人数发生率
(/10万剂)
人数发生率
(/10万剂)
发热(℃)30711.611 08133.7330522.7628339.121 97624.97
37.1~37.5491.851625.05372.76567.743043.84
37.6~38.51335.0353916.8217212.8414219.6398612.46
≥38.61254.7338011.86967.168511.756868.67
局部红肿(cm)1224.6145614.2313910.3732044.23103713.11
≤2.5511.932267.05685.0812116.734665.89
2.6~5.0672.531895.90624.6314920.604675.90
>540.15411.2890.67506.911041.31
局部硬结(cm)1013.823169.86977.2424133.317559.54
≤2.5542.041835.71614.5510814.934065.13
2.6~5.0461.741023.18332.4611015.202913.68
>5.010.04310.9730.22233.18580.73
), ArticleFig(id=1241821863987446429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676530368173032, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

安徽省2020—2023年PV的AEFI中一般反应分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一般反应bOPVIPV-sabinIPV-salkDTaP-IPV-Hib总计
人数发生率
(/10万剂)
人数发生率
(/10万剂)
人数发生率
(/10万剂)
人数发生率
(/10万剂)
人数发生率
(/10万剂)
发热(℃)30711.611 08133.7330522.7628339.121 97624.97
37.1~37.5491.851625.05372.76567.743043.84
37.6~38.51335.0353916.8217212.8414219.6398612.46
≥38.61254.7338011.86967.168511.756868.67
局部红肿(cm)1224.6145614.2313910.3732044.23103713.11
≤2.5511.932267.05685.0812116.734665.89
2.6~5.0672.531895.90624.6314920.604675.90
>540.15411.2890.67506.911041.31
局部硬结(cm)1013.823169.86977.2424133.317559.54
≤2.5542.041835.71614.5510814.934065.13
2.6~5.0461.741023.18332.4611015.202913.68
>5.010.04310.9730.22233.18580.73
), ArticleFig(id=1241821864142635688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676530368173032, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Distribution of adverse reactions of AEFI of polio vaccine in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
异常反应bOPVIPV-sabinIPV-salkDTaP-IPV-Hib合计
人数发生率
(/10万剂)
人数发生率
(/10万剂)
人数发生率
(/10万剂)
人数发生率
(/10万剂)
人数发生率
(/10万剂)
过敏反应
过敏性皮疹301.13471.47171.27192.631131.43
斑丘疹000010.0740.5550.06
过敏性休克10.0400000010.01
麻疹猩红热样皮疹000010.070010.01
荨麻疹30.1160.1910.0740.55140.18
血小板减少性紫癜20.0820.0610.0720.2870.09
其他过敏性反应0010.0310.070020.03
其他
惊厥0020.06000020.03
其他初步临床诊断(抽搐、腹泻等)30.1120.06000050.06
无菌性脓肿000010.070010.01
), ArticleFig(id=1241821864285242036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676530368173032, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

安徽省2020—2023年PV的AEFI中异常反应分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
异常反应bOPVIPV-sabinIPV-salkDTaP-IPV-Hib合计
人数发生率
(/10万剂)
人数发生率
(/10万剂)
人数发生率
(/10万剂)
人数发生率
(/10万剂)
人数发生率
(/10万剂)
过敏反应
过敏性皮疹301.13471.47171.27192.631131.43
斑丘疹000010.0740.5550.06
过敏性休克10.0400000010.01
麻疹猩红热样皮疹000010.070010.01
荨麻疹30.1160.1910.0740.55140.18
血小板减少性紫癜20.0820.0610.0720.2870.09
其他过敏性反应0010.0310.070020.03
其他
惊厥0020.06000020.03
其他初步临床诊断(抽搐、腹泻等)30.1120.06000050.06
无菌性脓肿000010.070010.01
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安徽省2020—2023年脊髓灰质炎疫苗疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析
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胡文怡 1 , 孟凡亚 2 , 王斌冰 2 , 孙永 2 , 薛文庆 2
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024,51(21): 3996-4002
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现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024, 51(21): 3996-4002
安徽省2020—2023年脊髓灰质炎疫苗疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析
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胡文怡1, 孟凡亚2 , 王斌冰2, 孙永2, 薛文庆2
作者信息
  • 1.蚌埠医科大学,安徽 蚌埠 233030
  • 2.安徽省疾病预防控制中心,安徽 合肥 230601
  • 胡文怡(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:疫苗安全性

通讯作者:

孟凡亚,E-mail:
Surveillance and analysis of suspected adverse events following immunization of poliomyelitis vaccination in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023
Wen-yi HU1, Fan-ya MENG2 , Bin-bing WANG2, Yong SUN2, Wen-qing XUE2
Affiliations
  • Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
出版时间: 2024-11-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406065
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目的

分析安徽省2020—2023年脊髓灰质炎(简称脊灰)疫苗(poliomyelitis vaccine,PV)疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)。

方法

通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统AEFI监测模块(中国AEFI监测系统)收集安徽省2020—2023年二价脊灰减毒活疫苗(bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine,bOPV)、sabin株脊灰灭活疫苗(inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Sabin strains,sIPV)、脊灰灭活疫苗(salk strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine,IPV)和吸附无细胞百白破灭活脊髓灰质炎和b型流感嗜血杆菌(结合)联合疫苗(diphtheria,tetanus,acellular pertussis,inactivated poliovirus and Haemophilus influenza type b combined vaccine,DTaP-IPV-Hib)的AEFI个案数据,通过安徽省免疫规划信息管理系统收集疫苗接种剂次数,采用描述性流行病学方法对AEFI报告发生率和特征进行分析。

结果

安徽省2020—2023年共报告PV的AEFI个案3 036例,总报告发生率为38.37/10万剂,其中bOPV、IPV-sabin、IPV-salk、DTaP-IPV-Hib报告发生率分别为17.47/10万剂、47.86/10万剂、33.29/10万剂和82.11/10万剂。一般反应、异常反应分别占94.57%和4.97%。男女性别比为1.31∶1。一般反应中高热(腋温≥38.6℃)、局部红肿(直径>2.5 cm)和局部硬结(直径>2.5cm)报告发生率分别为8.67/10万剂、7.22/10万剂和4.41/10万剂,异常反应中过敏性皮疹、其他疾病报告发生率分别为1.43/10万剂、0.48/10万剂。

结论

安徽省2020—2023年PV AEFI多为一般反应,异常反应罕见。

脊髓灰质炎疫苗  /  疑似预防接种异常反应  /  监测  /  安全性
Objective

To analyze suspected adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of poliomyelitis vaccination (PV) in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023.

Methods

Data on adverse events following immunization (AEFI) were collected through the AEFI monitoring module of the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. These included cases related to the bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV), inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Sabin strains (sIPV), inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), and the combined diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus, and Haemophiles influenza type b vaccine (DTaP-IPV-Hib). The number of vaccine doses administered was obtained from the Anhui Immunization Program Information Management System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence and characteristics of AEFI reports.

Results

A total of 3 036 cases of AEFI related to poliomyelitis vaccination were reported in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023, with an overall incidence rate of 38.37 per 100 000 doses. The incidence rates for bOPV, IPV-Sabin, IPV-Salk, and DTaP-IPV-Hib were 17.47, 47.86, 33.29, and 82.11 per 100 000 doses, respectively. General reactions accounted for 94.57% of cases, while abnormal reactions constituted 4.97%. The male-to-female ratio was 1.31:1. Among general reactions, the incidence rates for high fever (axillary temperature ≥ 38.6°C), local swelling (diameter > 2.5 cm), and local induration (diameter > 2.5 cm) were 8.67, 7.22, and 4.41 per 100 000 doses, respectively. For abnormal reactions, the incidence rates for allergic rashes and other diseases were 1.43 and 0.48 per 100 000 doses, respectively.

Conclusion

From 2020 to 2023,AEFI related to poliomyelitis vaccination in Anhui Province were predominantly general reactions, with abnormal reactions being rare.

Poliomyelitis vaccine  /  Adverse events following immunization  /  Monitoring  /  Safety
胡文怡, 孟凡亚, 王斌冰, 孙永, 薛文庆. 安徽省2020—2023年脊髓灰质炎疫苗疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (21) : 3996 -4002 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406065
Wen-yi HU, Fan-ya MENG, Bin-bing WANG, Yong SUN, Wen-qing XUE. Surveillance and analysis of suspected adverse events following immunization of poliomyelitis vaccination in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (21) : 3996 -4002 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406065
脊髓灰质炎(简称脊灰)是由Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型脊灰病毒感染引起的急性肠道传染病[1],主要通过消化道传播,能在人群肠道内繁殖,可侵入神经系统,导致不可逆的麻痹和瘫痪,甚至死亡,严重危害儿童健康[2]。接种疫苗是目前预防脊髓灰质炎最有效、最经济、最安全的方法[3-5]。随着全世界脊灰Ⅱ型病毒的消灭,中国根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的要求对脊灰免疫策略进行了两次调整。第一次免疫策略调整从2016年5月1日开始,我国在儿童常规免疫程序中停止使用口服脊灰减毒活疫苗(tOPV)改用脊灰灭活疫苗(salk strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine,IPV)和含有Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型组分的二价口服减毒活疫苗(bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine,bOPV)的序贯免疫程序。实行1剂次IPV+3剂次bOPV的免疫程序,即儿童的4剂次脊髓灰质炎疫苗(poliomyelitis vaccine,PV)接种中,2月龄接种1剂次IPV,3月龄、4月龄和4岁各接种1剂次bOPV[6]。2019年12月31日,我国对PV免疫程序进行第二次调整,将1剂次IPV和3剂次bOPV的免疫程序转换为2剂次IPV和2剂次bOPV。即儿童在2月龄和3月龄各接种1剂次IPV,4月龄和4周岁各接种1剂次bOPV。为评价免疫策略第二次调整后安徽省PV的安全性,本文对安徽省2020—2023年PV的疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)进行分析。
AEFI数据来自中国疾病预防控制信息系统AEFI监测模块,AEFI个案数据收集反应发生时间为2020年1月1日—2023年12月31日。接种数据来源于安徽省免疫规划信息管理系统。
按发生原因,AEFI可分为不良反应(包括一般反应、异常反应)、疫苗质量事故、接种事故、偶合症和心因性反应。
采用Microsoft Excel 2021软件建立数据库,用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析,采用描述性统计方法对bOPV、IPV-sabin、IPV-salk、吸附无细胞百白破灭活脊髓灰质炎和b型流感嗜血杆菌(结合)联合疫苗(diphtheria,tetanus,acellular pertussis,inactivated poliovirus and Haemophilus influenza type b combined vaccine,DTaP-IPV-Hib)的报告发生率以及AEFI的分类、构成比及其流行病学特征进行分析,率(构成比)的比较采用χ2检验。AEFI的报告发生率=AEFI报告数/疫苗接种剂次数×10万剂。检验水准α=0.05。
安徽省2020—2023年共接种四种PV 7 912 284剂次,其中bOPV 2 643 818剂次、IPV-sabin 3 205 138剂次、IPV-salk 1 339 868剂次、DTaP-IPV-Hib五联疫苗723 460剂次。共报告PV的AEFI 3 036例,总报告发生率为38.37/ 10万剂:bOPV、IPV-sabin、IPV-salk、DTaP-IPV-Hib报告发生数分别为462、1 534、446和594例,报告发生率分别为17.47/10万剂、47.86/10万剂、33.29/10万剂和82.11/10万剂。接种不同PV后AEFI报告发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=746.03,P<0.05)。发生严重AEFI 14例,报告发生率为0.18/10万剂。见表1
在所有AEFI病例中,一般反应2 871例,占94.57%,报告发生率为36.29/10万剂,主要以发热、红肿、硬结为主。异常反应151例,占4.97%,报告发生率为1.91/10万剂,主要以过敏性皮疹为主。偶合症9例,占0.3%,报告发生率为0.11/10万剂。心因性反应3例,占0.1%,报告发生率为0.04/10万剂,主要症状为癔症和晕厥。接种不同PV后不良反应发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=739.27,P<0.05)。见表1
安徽省16个地级市中,阜阳、亳州、合肥三个地级市占AEFI构成比前三位,分别为1 188、288和266例,分别占39.13%、9.49%、8.76%。接种不同PV后发生的AEFI在地区分布中差异有统计学意义(χ2=250.11,P<0.05)。见表2
安徽省2020—2023年报告PV的AEFI中,男女性别比为1.31∶1,差异无统计学意义(χ2=6.31, P>0.05)。年龄<1岁、1~4岁、>4岁分别为1 966、822和248例,分别占64.76%、27.08%和8.17%。接种不同PV后发生的AEFI在年龄分布的差异有统计学意义(χ2=134.84,P<0.05)。
接种第1剂次后AEFI报告病例最多。其中第1剂次1 034例,第2剂次794例,第3剂次440例,第4剂次683例,>4剂次85例,分别占34.06%、26.15%、14.49%、22.50%和2.80%,接种不同PV后发生的AEFI在接种剂次分布中差异有统计学意义(χ2=979.68,P<0.05)。
安徽省2020—2023年报告PV的AEFI病例中,接种至出现症状的时间间隔集中在24 h内。时间间隔分为0 d、1~7 d、8~14 d、≥15 d,分别为2 470、550、8和8例,分别占81.36%、18.12%、0.26%和0.26%。接种不同PV后发生的AEFI在出现症状间隔时间中差异有统计学意义(χ2=82.64,P<0.05)。见表3
一般反应中发热1 976例,报告发生率为24.97/10万剂;腋温≥38.6℃为686例,报告发生率为8.67/10万剂次;局部红肿共1 037例,报告发生率为13.11/10万剂次,红肿直径≤2.5cm、2.6~5.0cm、>5.0 cm分别报告例466、467和104例,报告发生率分别为5.89/10万剂次、5.90/10万剂次、1.31/10万剂次;局部硬结共报告755例,报告发生率为9.54/10万剂,其中硬结直径≤2.5cm、2.6~5.0cm、>5.0 cm分别报告406、291和58例,报告发生率分别为5.13/10万剂次、3.68/10万剂次和0.73/10万剂次。见表4
异常反应151例中,以过敏性皮疹为主。其中过敏性皮疹共113例,报告发生率为1.43/10万剂;斑丘疹5例,报告发生率为0.06/10万剂;过敏性休克1例,报告发生率为0.01/10万剂;荨麻疹14例,报告发生率为0.18/10万剂;血小板减少性紫癜7例,报告发生率为0.09/10万剂;惊厥2例,报告发生率为0.03/10万剂;无菌性脓肿1例,报告发生率为0.01/10万剂。见表5
在所有AEFI中,痊愈2 235例,好转739例,治疗中59例,不详3例,分别占73.62%、24.34%、1.94%、0.10%。
安徽省2020—2023年PV的AEFI报告发生率为38.37/10万剂次,与全国报告发生率相近[7-8]。其中以一般反应为主,报告发生率为36.29/10万剂次,异常反应报告发生率为1.91/10万剂次。bOPV报告发生率低于其他三种类型PV的AEFI报告发生率,这可能与口服接种途径有关,无需注射,不会引起红肿、硬结等症状。
bOPV报告发生率低于河北省[9],高于海南省[10]。IPV-sabin、IPV-salk报告发生率低于吉林省[11],高于江西省[12]。DTaP-IPV-Hib报告发生率低于浙江[13]、甘肃[14]等省份。各省的AEFI报告发生率不全相同,可能与各省的人口结构、AEFI监测的敏感性和医疗资源分布差异有关。
本研究显示,安徽省PV的AEFI报告例数男童多于女童,与湖北省[15]、江西[16]等省份报告一致。可能与男童受关注度更高或存在生理差异、行为模式上的不同有关。年龄分布显示,AEFI发生年龄主要集中在<1岁组,与辽宁[17]、陕西[18]等省份的报告一致。主要是与免疫程序相关。在地域分布上,AEFI多分布在阜阳、亳州、合肥等市,与当地的人口结构、出生人口、免疫覆盖率和疫苗接种量相关。AEFI集中出现在接种后24 h,与湖北省[15]、河北省[19]报告一致,提示我们需要在接种后24 h密切观察受种者,加强监测和报告,以及时处理可能出现的不良反应,并加强对医务人员的培训,提高他们对AEFI的识别和处理能力。同时,对家长做好健康宣教工作,告知接种疫苗后的注意事项,一旦出现AEFI,立即上报,及时就医。
在PV免疫策略第二次调整后,安徽省PV的AEFI报告发生率有所变化。根据全国AEFI监测系统收集的数据进行分析后的结果显示,安徽省在PV免疫策略调整后,一般反应的报告发生率有所上升,而异常反应的报告发生率则呈现下降趋势,特别是严重AEFI的报告发生率显著降低。值得注意的是,PV免疫策略第二次调整前,安徽省疑似预防接种异常反应报告个案中出现了疫苗相关麻痹型脊髓灰质炎(VAPP)病例,而在2020—2023年所有报告个案中,未发生VAPP病例,这显示出PV免疫策略的转换可显著降低VAPP的发生,在减少严重AEFI方面取得了一定成效。调整后的免疫策略可能提高了疫苗接种的安全性,但对于第二次PV免疫程序调整对预防接种异常反应发生率的具体影响仍需进一步研究。此外,我们还需重点关注异常反应,尤其是过敏反应、热性惊厥的发生率。
综上所述,安徽省在2020—2023年期间的PV接种安全性良好,以一般反应为主,预后良好。这可能归因于第二次免疫策略的调整、疫苗质量的提升以及接种实践的优化。针对异常反应的发生,尤其是过敏反应,仍需进一步关注和研究,以确保疫苗接种的安全性和有效性。未来的研究可以着重于识别和管理高风险人群,加强AEFI的监测和报告系统,以进一步提高免疫接种计划的可靠性和安全性。
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2024年第51卷第21期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406065
  • 接收时间:2024-06-05
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-11-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-05
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    1.蚌埠医科大学,安徽 蚌埠 233030
    2.安徽省疾病预防控制中心,安徽 合肥 230601

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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