Article(id=1241676529541895134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405451, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716480000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968353877, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1731168000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968353877, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968353877, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968353877, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241676522256388920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='21', pageStart='3841', pageEnd='4032', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968352140, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968629818, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3941, endPage=3947, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241676530598859771, articleId=1241676529541895134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The spatiotemporal distribution of quality medical resources and its effects on maternal and child health in the context of healthy China, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To provide a reference for the expansion and balanced distribution of quality medical resources, thereby promoting maternal and child health.
Methods This study utilized panel data from 31 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions from 2012 to 2021. The Moran I index and Getas-Ord G* index were employed to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics and hotspot distributions of quality medical resources. The Grossman health production function was used to explore the effects of quality medical resources on maternal and child health.
Results From 2012 to 2021, the overall quality of medical resources in China showed an upward trend, with the number of tertiary hospitals increasing from 1 624 to 3 275, increasing by 101.66%.The Moran I indices for the years 2012, 2017, and 2021 were 0.292, 0.286, and 0.264, respectively, indicating a declining trend in the spatial autocorrelation of quality medical resources. For every additional tertiary hospital per 10 000 square kilometers, the infant mortality rate decreased by approximately 2.73‰, and the maternal mortality rate decreased by about 0.25 per 100 000.
Conclusion The overall trend of quality medical resources in China is upward, with the eastern region experiencing the highest increase in quality medical resources, while the western region shows the greatest percentage increase. A significant“East-Central-West” hierarchical differentiation pattern exists, characterized by a spatial clustering distribution, where the eastern region is high, the central region is relatively high, and the western region is low. The effects of quality medical resources on maternal and child health are significant, negatively impacting both infant and maternal mortality rates.
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目的 为推进优质医疗资源扩容和均衡布局,促进妇幼健康提供参考。
方法 本研究采用2012—2021年31个省市自治区面板数据,使用Moran I指数以及Getis-Ord G*指数分析优质医疗资源时间空间特征及冷热点分布,以Grossman健康生产函数为基础探究优质医疗资源的妇幼健康效应。
结果 2012—2021年,我国优质医疗资源总体呈上升趋势,三级医院数由1 624家增加至3 275家,增幅为101.66%;2012、2017和2021年的Moran I指数分别为0.292、0.286、0.264,优质医疗资源的空间自相关性呈下降趋势;每万平方公里三级医院数增加1家,婴儿死亡率约降低2.73‰,孕产妇死亡率约降低0.25/10万。
结论 我国优质医疗资源总体呈上升趋势,东部优质医疗资源增量最多,西部优质医疗资源增幅最大;优质医疗资源“东-中-西”阶梯式分异格局显著且在空间上呈聚集性分布,整体呈现“东部高、中部较高、西部低”的特征;优质医疗资源的妇幼健康效应显著且负向影响婴儿死亡率、孕产妇死亡率。
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本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=psykQsCnp1irFF1LBBv3Lg==, magXml=8Up0vEwCaH9pq774iPYWsA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=wQWU+y25AcXVlQqgW4a6xA==, pdfFileSize=1351224, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=vmSz/nsBofZcZxjAyIFWqg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=gasTgRs6kcd4qZtwIlVnVA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=
甘明玉(1999—),女,硕士,初级统计师,研究方向:卫生政策管理与研究、医院管理
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2024,
39(3): 369-375.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis on incidence of death in urban and rural residents in China, 2015-2021, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241821858824258059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529541895134, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821858845229581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529541895134, companyId=1241821858824258059, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Shenzhen Bao’an District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518102, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821858862006801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529541895134, companyId=1241821858824258059, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=深圳市宝安区妇幼保健院,广东 深圳 518102)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241821864448819901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529541895134, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=
The total amount and growth rate of high-quality medical resources in China from 2012 to 2021, figureFileSmall=/EKNuEpt4Ngcs1MBxCDuXg==, figureFileBig=egEMDWXfLTO2EqAlom/USw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821865988129479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529541895134, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
2012—2021年我国优质医疗资源总量及增长率, figureFileSmall=/EKNuEpt4Ngcs1MBxCDuXg==, figureFileBig=egEMDWXfLTO2EqAlom/USw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821866176873174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529541895134, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=
The quantity and growth rate of high-quality medical resources in the eastern, central, and western regions of China from 2012 to 2021, figureFileSmall=+WiO2QmLskAjlJLByfuYew==, figureFileBig=5vpO/uyu2ALTcct08vtmDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821866315285215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529541895134, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
2012—2021年我国东、中、西部优质医疗资源数量及增长率, figureFileSmall=+WiO2QmLskAjlJLByfuYew==, figureFileBig=5vpO/uyu2ALTcct08vtmDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821866474668773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529541895134, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=
The spatial distribution of high-quality medical resources in China in 2012, figureFileSmall=qsBopm71pXDD3kSZWPoWLg==, figureFileBig=1G3lDD5gO/CF1xvCpgsqqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821866592109291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529541895134, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
2012年我国优质医疗资源的空间分布注:基于自然资源部标准地图服务系统审图号GS(2023)2756号的标准底图制作,底图边界无修改。
, figureFileSmall=qsBopm71pXDD3kSZWPoWLg==, figureFileBig=1G3lDD5gO/CF1xvCpgsqqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821866734715636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529541895134, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=
The spatial distribution of high-quality medical resources in China in 2017, figureFileSmall=YfqEMwIZXQCwS7I0EiNyVA==, figureFileBig=+Mn3a3edgoK3PeeoX+bZkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821866852156153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529541895134, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
2017年我国优质医疗资源的空间分布注:基于自然资源部标准地图服务系统审图号GS(2023)2756号的标准底图制作,底图边界无修改。
, figureFileSmall=YfqEMwIZXQCwS7I0EiNyVA==, figureFileBig=+Mn3a3edgoK3PeeoX+bZkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821866986373891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529541895134, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=
The spatial distribution of high-quality medical resources in China in 2021, figureFileSmall=AeOtD0yzhPJgPXOJM06Vfg==, figureFileBig=9iGRJ+dosQ9dMrNoZqOSuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821867124785930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529541895134, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
2021年我国优质医疗资源的空间分布注:基于自然资源部标准地图服务系统审图号GS(2023)2756号的标准底图制作,底图边界无修改。
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Distribution of cold and hot spots in China's medical resources in 2021, figureFileSmall=Hnda5A+/HTGLKVswpSS+Yw==, figureFileBig=kJ8Axi3zrBjXb6l+u3BfkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821867426775836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529541895134, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
2021年我国医疗资源的冷热点分布注:基于自然资源部标准地图服务系统审图号GS(2023)2756号的标准底图制作,底图边界无修改。
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Variable definition and statistical description
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| 变量类型 | 变量 | 变量定义 | 均值 | 标准差 |
|---|
| 因变量 | 婴儿死亡率 | 婴儿出生后不满周岁人数同出生人数的比率(‰) | 5.68 | 3.59 |
| 核心解释变量 | 孕产妇死亡率 | 每十万例活产中孕产妇的死亡数(/10万) | 15.60 | 17.97 |
| 优质医疗资源 | 各省市自治区每万平方公里三级医院数量(个/万平方公里) | 9.28 | 15.98 |
| 控制变量 | 政府医疗卫生支出 | 政府医疗卫生支出的对数 | 15.06 | 0.72 |
| 人均地区生产总值 | 人均地区生产总值的对数 | 10.86 | 0.44 |
| 城乡居民人均可支配收入 | 城乡居民人均可支配收入的对数 | 10.05 | 0.41 |
| 建成区绿化覆盖率 | 城市建成区的绿化覆盖面积占建成区的百分比(%) | 35.07 | 0.04 |
| 养老保险覆盖率 | 年末各省市自治区参加养老保险人数与年末常住人口的比例(%) | 63.38 | 1.00 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241821867657462572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529541895134, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
变量定义及统计描述
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| 变量类型 | 变量 | 变量定义 | 均值 | 标准差 |
|---|
| 因变量 | 婴儿死亡率 | 婴儿出生后不满周岁人数同出生人数的比率(‰) | 5.68 | 3.59 |
| 核心解释变量 | 孕产妇死亡率 | 每十万例活产中孕产妇的死亡数(/10万) | 15.60 | 17.97 |
| 优质医疗资源 | 各省市自治区每万平方公里三级医院数量(个/万平方公里) | 9.28 | 15.98 |
| 控制变量 | 政府医疗卫生支出 | 政府医疗卫生支出的对数 | 15.06 | 0.72 |
| 人均地区生产总值 | 人均地区生产总值的对数 | 10.86 | 0.44 |
| 城乡居民人均可支配收入 | 城乡居民人均可支配收入的对数 | 10.05 | 0.41 |
| 建成区绿化覆盖率 | 城市建成区的绿化覆盖面积占建成区的百分比(%) | 35.07 | 0.04 |
| 养老保险覆盖率 | 年末各省市自治区参加养老保险人数与年末常住人口的比例(%) | 63.38 | 1.00 |
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Impact of high-quality medical resources on maternal and child health
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 因变量 |
|---|
| 婴儿死亡率(‰) | 孕产妇死亡率(/10万) |
|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
|---|
| 优质医疗资源(个/万平方公里) | -6.14***(1.24) | -2.73**(1.39) | -0.43**(0.13) | -0.25*(0.12) |
| 政府医疗卫生支出 | | 120.50(37.51) | | -0.52(3.53) |
| 人均地区生产总值 | | -25.25(81.48) | | -4.89(7.67) |
| 城乡居民人均可支配收入 | | -239.89***(94.65) | | -10.64*(8.91) |
| 建成区绿化覆盖率(%) | | -0.62**(0.32) | | 0.04(0.03) |
| 养老保险覆盖率(%) | | 0.13(0.11) | | -0.008(0.01) |
| 省份固定效应 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
| 样本量 | 310 | 310 | 310 | 310 |
| R2 | 40.49 | 50.01 | 85.56 | 89.72 |
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优质医疗资源对妇幼健康的影响
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 因变量 |
|---|
| 婴儿死亡率(‰) | 孕产妇死亡率(/10万) |
|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
|---|
| 优质医疗资源(个/万平方公里) | -6.14***(1.24) | -2.73**(1.39) | -0.43**(0.13) | -0.25*(0.12) |
| 政府医疗卫生支出 | | 120.50(37.51) | | -0.52(3.53) |
| 人均地区生产总值 | | -25.25(81.48) | | -4.89(7.67) |
| 城乡居民人均可支配收入 | | -239.89***(94.65) | | -10.64*(8.91) |
| 建成区绿化覆盖率(%) | | -0.62**(0.32) | | 0.04(0.03) |
| 养老保险覆盖率(%) | | 0.13(0.11) | | -0.008(0.01) |
| 省份固定效应 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
| 样本量 | 310 | 310 | 310 | 310 |
| R2 | 40.49 | 50.01 | 85.56 | 89.72 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241821868030755652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529541895134, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Impact of high-quality medical resources on maternal and child health: robustness test
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 因变量:婴儿死亡率(‰) |
|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
|---|
| 优质医疗资源(个/万平方公里) | -5.94***(1.27) | -2.23**(1.42) | -5.53***(0.284) | -2.50**(0.47) |
| 政府医疗卫生支出 | | 85.40(37.64) | | -0.18(0.87) |
| 人均地区生产总值 | | -61.22(80.36) | | 5.48(1.77) |
| 城乡居民人均可支配收入 | | -119.39(92.80) | | -8.58***(2.09) |
| 建成区绿化覆盖率(%) | | -0.64**(0.32) | | -0.12(0.06) |
| 养老保险覆盖率(%) | | 0.17(0.10) | | -0.04(0.02) |
| 省份固定效应 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
| 观测值 | 310 | 310 | 279 | 279 |
| R2值 | 49.35 | 50.01 | 70.08 | 90.11 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241821868181750602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529541895134, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
优质医疗资源对妇幼健康的影响——稳健性检验
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 因变量:婴儿死亡率(‰) |
|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
|---|
| 优质医疗资源(个/万平方公里) | -5.94***(1.27) | -2.23**(1.42) | -5.53***(0.284) | -2.50**(0.47) |
| 政府医疗卫生支出 | | 85.40(37.64) | | -0.18(0.87) |
| 人均地区生产总值 | | -61.22(80.36) | | 5.48(1.77) |
| 城乡居民人均可支配收入 | | -119.39(92.80) | | -8.58***(2.09) |
| 建成区绿化覆盖率(%) | | -0.64**(0.32) | | -0.12(0.06) |
| 养老保险覆盖率(%) | | 0.17(0.10) | | -0.04(0.02) |
| 省份固定效应 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
| 观测值 | 310 | 310 | 279 | 279 |
| R2值 | 49.35 | 50.01 | 70.08 | 90.11 |
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