Article(id=1241676529084715996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407084, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720368000000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968353767, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1731168000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968353767, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968353767, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968353767, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241676522256388920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='21', pageStart='3841', pageEnd='4032', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968352140, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968629818, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3961, endPage=3967, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241676530548528118, articleId=1241676529084715996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Study on the relationship between daily living activity ability and depression in elderly patients with chronic respiratory diseases, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the parallel mediating effects of life satisfaction and parent-child relationship satisfaction on the relationship between daily living activity ability and depression in elderly patients with chronic respiratory diseases, providing references for improving their quality of life.

Methods

Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2020 were used, involving patients aged 60 and older with chronic respiratory diseases. The PROCESS 4.1 macro was employed to analyze the mediating effects between daily living activity ability and depression, and the bias-corrected nonparametric percentile Bootstrap method was used to validate the mediating variables.

Results

Impaired daily living activity ability was negatively correlated with parent-child relationship satisfaction (r=-0.08, P < 0.01) and life satisfaction (r=-0.16, P <0.001), while positively correlated with depression (r=0.35, P < 0.001). The mediating effect analysis indicated that the total effect value of daily living activity ability on depression was 0.231 (95%CI: 0.600-0.944), with a direct effect value of 0.183(95%CI: 0.451-0.773). Life satisfaction and parent-child relationship satisfaction played parallel mediating roles between daily living activity ability and depression, with mediating effect values of 0.040 (95%CI: 0.018-0.062) and 0.009 (95%CI: 0.002-0.017), respectively. The total mediating effect accounted for 20.78% (95%CI: 0.023-0.074) of the overall effect.

Conclusion

There is a relationship between daily living activity ability and depression in elderly patients with chronic respiratory diseases.Life satisfaction and parent-child relationship satisfaction serve as parallel mediators in this relationship. Focusing on improving daily living activity ability and enhancing life satisfaction and parent-child relationship satisfaction may help alleviate depression in older patients with chronic respiratory diseases.

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目的

探讨生活满意度与亲子关系满意度在老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者日常生活活动能力与抑郁之间的平行中介作用,为提高老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者生命质量提供参考。

方法

选用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2020年数据,选取≥60岁的慢性呼吸系统疾病患者为研究对象,采用PROCESS 4.1程序对日常生活活动能力与抑郁之间的中介效应进行分析,采用偏差校正的非参数百分位bootstrap法对中介变量进行验证。

结果

日常生活活动能力受损与亲子关系满意度、生活满意度呈负相关(r=-0.08,P<0.01;r=-0.16,P<0.001),与抑郁呈正相关(r=0.35,P<0.001);中介效应分析显示日常生活活动能力对抑郁的总效应值为0.231(95%CI:0.600~0.944),直接效应值为0.183(95%CI:0.451~0.773);生活满意度与亲子关系满意度在日常生活活动能力与抑郁之间起平行中介作用,中介效应值分别为0.040(95%CI:0.018~0.062)、0.009(95%CI:0.002~0.017),总中介效应占效应总量的20.78%(95%CI:0.023~0.074)。

结论

老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者日常生活活动能力与抑郁存在关联,生活满意度与亲子关系满意度在其中发挥平行中介作用,关注日常生活活动能力的改善并提高生活满意度与亲子关系满意度,有助于缓解老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者的抑郁。

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马东平,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=2SDTWbVeFUCg9GVTF9Q1qw==, magXml=PZGJxrOQF0u6cQaXGiuSCg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=UwpvQp0oP2N2y1etie30WQ==, pdfFileSize=788530, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=z83+gjZV34ilLso638B4nQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=zV401zANtogzR3Oh3gid1w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张宝轩(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究

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2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心,山东 潍坊 261053
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张宝轩(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究

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Shanxi Medical Journal, 2021, 50(8): 1231-1234.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Significance of systematic follow-up and intensive education supported by family doctors for patients with mild and moderate COPD, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241821871314895785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529084715996, awardId=72004164, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金青年项目(72004164), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241821857557578147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529084715996, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821857570161060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529084715996, companyId=1241821857557578147, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821857582743975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529084715996, companyId=1241821857557578147, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241821857737933234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529084715996, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821857754710452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529084715996, companyId=1241821857737933234, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心,山东 潍坊 261053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241821857884733888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529084715996, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821857897316803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529084715996, companyId=1241821857884733888, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.健康风险预警治理协同创新中心,上海 200032)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241821868349522774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529084715996, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=The parallel mediating model of life satisfaction and parent-child relationship satisfaction in the relationship betweenactivities of daily living and depressio, figureFileSmall=F3skjuoq1f9USUHE0KzAbA==, figureFileBig=yf3gEiMV93sdoLqDSkA9EQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821868483740509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529084715996, language=CN, label=图1, caption=生活满意度、亲子关系满意度在日常生活活动能力与抑郁关系间的平行中介模型

注:*表示P<0.001;模型调整了性别、年龄、居住地、婚姻状态、文化程度、吸烟、饮酒、自评健康混杂因素。

, figureFileSmall=F3skjuoq1f9USUHE0KzAbA==, figureFileBig=yf3gEiMV93sdoLqDSkA9EQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821868634735463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529084715996, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics of 1 264 survey subjects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征样本例数构成比(%)抑郁得分(tF)值P
性别-9.091<0.001
70055.49.42±6.27
56444.612.84±6.96
年龄(岁)0.145a0.865
60~6976460.410.87±6.87
70~7943034.011.09±6.80
≥80705.510.94±6.13
居住地-5.781<0.001
城镇38330.39.32±6.48
农村88169.711.65±6.82
婚姻状态-4.982<0.001
在婚1 01180.010.45±6.63
非在婚25320.012.91±7.12
文化程度31.734a<0.001
文盲或半文盲64150.712.38±6.80
小学32025.39.90±6.50
初中及以上30324.09.01±6.46
吸烟-2.0340.042
33926.810.33±6.27
92573.211.17±6.98
饮酒-5.060<0.001
39931.69.59±6.20
86568.411.57±6.98
自评健康73.911a<0.001
1189.37.06±5.50
一般60848.19.55±6.32
53842.613.37±6.75
合计1 26410010.94±6.80
), ArticleFig(id=1241821868752175982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529084715996, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1 264名研究对象基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征样本例数构成比(%)抑郁得分(tF)值P
性别-9.091<0.001
70055.49.42±6.27
56444.612.84±6.96
年龄(岁)0.145a0.865
60~6976460.410.87±6.87
70~7943034.011.09±6.80
≥80705.510.94±6.13
居住地-5.781<0.001
城镇38330.39.32±6.48
农村88169.711.65±6.82
婚姻状态-4.982<0.001
在婚1 01180.010.45±6.63
非在婚25320.012.91±7.12
文化程度31.734a<0.001
文盲或半文盲64150.712.38±6.80
小学32025.39.90±6.50
初中及以上30324.09.01±6.46
吸烟-2.0340.042
33926.810.33±6.27
92573.211.17±6.98
饮酒-5.060<0.001
39931.69.59±6.20
86568.411.57±6.98
自评健康73.911a<0.001
1189.37.06±5.50
一般60848.19.55±6.32
53842.613.37±6.75
合计1 26410010.94±6.80
), ArticleFig(id=1241821868898976628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529084715996, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation analysis of patients’ activities of daily living,life satisfaction,parent-child relationship satisfaction,and depression (n=1 264)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量日常生活活动能力抑郁亲子关系满意度生活满意度
日常生活活动能力1.00---
抑郁0.35b1.00--
亲子关系满意度-0.08a-0.22b1.00-
生活满意度-0.16b-0.35b0.45b1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241821870446674811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529084715996, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

患者日常生活活动能力、生活满意度、亲子关系满意度、抑郁的相关分析(n=1 264)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量日常生活活动能力抑郁亲子关系满意度生活满意度
日常生活活动能力1.00---
抑郁0.35b1.00--
亲子关系满意度-0.08a-0.22b1.00-
生活满意度-0.16b-0.35b0.45b1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241821870610252674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529084715996, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Test table of mediation effect

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量方程1方程2方程2方程3
抑郁生活满意度亲子关系满意度抑郁
βtβtβtβt
日常生活活动能力0.7738.891-0.057-4.896-0.040-3.6280.6127.457
生活满意度-2.337-10.692
亲子关系满意度-0.714-3.078
性别2.3805.8260.1392.5450.1001.9372.7767.255
年龄-0.189-0.6560.1413.6570.0270.7390.1590.587
居住地1.4453.7900.0020.0320.0130.2661.4584.094
婚姻状态1.4303.242-0.070-1.189-0.027-0.4921.2473.025
文化程度-0.757-3.3810.030-0.447-0.027-0.962-0.808-3.862
吸烟-0.582-1.4160.008-0.147-0.025-0.491-0.619-1.612
饮酒0.2160.557-0.036-0692-0.027-0.5490.1130.312
自评健康2.4819.012-0.241-6.561-0.122-3.5171.8306.999
R20.2440.0810.0310.342
F44.978*12.210*4.477*59.128*
), ArticleFig(id=1241821870769636235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529084715996, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

中介效应检验表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量方程1方程2方程2方程3
抑郁生活满意度亲子关系满意度抑郁
βtβtβtβt
日常生活活动能力0.7738.891-0.057-4.896-0.040-3.6280.6127.457
生活满意度-2.337-10.692
亲子关系满意度-0.714-3.078
性别2.3805.8260.1392.5450.1001.9372.7767.255
年龄-0.189-0.6560.1413.6570.0270.7390.1590.587
居住地1.4453.7900.0020.0320.0130.2661.4584.094
婚姻状态1.4303.242-0.070-1.189-0.027-0.4921.2473.025
文化程度-0.757-3.3810.030-0.447-0.027-0.962-0.808-3.862
吸烟-0.582-1.4160.008-0.147-0.025-0.491-0.619-1.612
饮酒0.2160.557-0.036-0692-0.027-0.5490.1130.312
自评健康2.4819.012-0.241-6.561-0.122-3.5171.8306.999
R20.2440.0810.0310.342
F44.978*12.210*4.477*59.128*
), ArticleFig(id=1241821870891271058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529084715996, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Test of the Bootstrap mediation effect between life satisfaction and parent-child relationship satisfaction in activities of daily living and depression

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目名称效应值(bootstrap95%CI标准化效应值(bootstrap95%CI标准误标准化效应占比(%)
总效应0.773(0.600~0.944)0.231(0.600~0.944)0.087100
直接效应0.612(0.451~0.773)0.183(0.451~0.773)0.08279.22
间接效应0.161(0.083~0.245)0.048(0.023~0.074)0.01320.78
路径10.133(0.066~0.206)0.040(0.018~0.062)0.01117.32
路径20.028(0.006~0.058)0.009(0.002~0.017)0.0043.90
), ArticleFig(id=1241821871025488793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676529084715996, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

生活满意度、亲子关系满意度在日常生活活动能力与抑郁之间的bootstrap中介效应检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目名称效应值(bootstrap95%CI标准化效应值(bootstrap95%CI标准误标准化效应占比(%)
总效应0.773(0.600~0.944)0.231(0.600~0.944)0.087100
直接效应0.612(0.451~0.773)0.183(0.451~0.773)0.08279.22
间接效应0.161(0.083~0.245)0.048(0.023~0.074)0.01320.78
路径10.133(0.066~0.206)0.040(0.018~0.062)0.01117.32
路径20.028(0.006~0.058)0.009(0.002~0.017)0.0043.90
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老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者日常生活活动能力与抑郁的关系研究
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张宝轩 1, 2, 3 , 孙嘉颖 1, 2, 3 , 罗金萍 1, 2, 3 , 牟艺帆 1, 2, 3 , 耿铭慧 1, 2, 3 , 尹文强 1, 2, 3 , 陈钟鸣 1, 2, 3 , 马东平 1, 2, 3
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(21): 3961-3967
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(21): 3961-3967
老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者日常生活活动能力与抑郁的关系研究
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张宝轩1, 2, 3, 孙嘉颖1, 2, 3, 罗金萍1, 2, 3, 牟艺帆1, 2, 3, 耿铭慧1, 2, 3, 尹文强1, 2, 3, 陈钟鸣1, 2, 3, 马东平1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 3.健康风险预警治理协同创新中心,上海 200032
  • 张宝轩(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究

通讯作者:

马东平,E-mail:
Study on the relationship between daily living activity ability and depression in elderly patients with chronic respiratory diseases
Bao-xuan ZHANG1, 2, 3, Jia-ying SUN1, 2, 3, Jin-ping LUO1, 2, 3, Yi-fan MOU1, 2, 3, Ming-hui GENG1, 2, 3, Wen-qiang YIN1, 2, 3, Zhong-ming CHEN1, 2, 3, Dong-ping MA1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2024-11-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407084
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目的

探讨生活满意度与亲子关系满意度在老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者日常生活活动能力与抑郁之间的平行中介作用,为提高老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者生命质量提供参考。

方法

选用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2020年数据,选取≥60岁的慢性呼吸系统疾病患者为研究对象,采用PROCESS 4.1程序对日常生活活动能力与抑郁之间的中介效应进行分析,采用偏差校正的非参数百分位bootstrap法对中介变量进行验证。

结果

日常生活活动能力受损与亲子关系满意度、生活满意度呈负相关(r=-0.08,P<0.01;r=-0.16,P<0.001),与抑郁呈正相关(r=0.35,P<0.001);中介效应分析显示日常生活活动能力对抑郁的总效应值为0.231(95%CI:0.600~0.944),直接效应值为0.183(95%CI:0.451~0.773);生活满意度与亲子关系满意度在日常生活活动能力与抑郁之间起平行中介作用,中介效应值分别为0.040(95%CI:0.018~0.062)、0.009(95%CI:0.002~0.017),总中介效应占效应总量的20.78%(95%CI:0.023~0.074)。

结论

老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者日常生活活动能力与抑郁存在关联,生活满意度与亲子关系满意度在其中发挥平行中介作用,关注日常生活活动能力的改善并提高生活满意度与亲子关系满意度,有助于缓解老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者的抑郁。

慢性呼吸系统疾病  /  日常生活活动能力  /  生活满意度  /  亲子关系满意度  /  抑郁
Objective

To explore the parallel mediating effects of life satisfaction and parent-child relationship satisfaction on the relationship between daily living activity ability and depression in elderly patients with chronic respiratory diseases, providing references for improving their quality of life.

Methods

Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2020 were used, involving patients aged 60 and older with chronic respiratory diseases. The PROCESS 4.1 macro was employed to analyze the mediating effects between daily living activity ability and depression, and the bias-corrected nonparametric percentile Bootstrap method was used to validate the mediating variables.

Results

Impaired daily living activity ability was negatively correlated with parent-child relationship satisfaction (r=-0.08, P < 0.01) and life satisfaction (r=-0.16, P <0.001), while positively correlated with depression (r=0.35, P < 0.001). The mediating effect analysis indicated that the total effect value of daily living activity ability on depression was 0.231 (95%CI: 0.600-0.944), with a direct effect value of 0.183(95%CI: 0.451-0.773). Life satisfaction and parent-child relationship satisfaction played parallel mediating roles between daily living activity ability and depression, with mediating effect values of 0.040 (95%CI: 0.018-0.062) and 0.009 (95%CI: 0.002-0.017), respectively. The total mediating effect accounted for 20.78% (95%CI: 0.023-0.074) of the overall effect.

Conclusion

There is a relationship between daily living activity ability and depression in elderly patients with chronic respiratory diseases.Life satisfaction and parent-child relationship satisfaction serve as parallel mediators in this relationship. Focusing on improving daily living activity ability and enhancing life satisfaction and parent-child relationship satisfaction may help alleviate depression in older patients with chronic respiratory diseases.

Chronic respiratory diseases  /  Daily living activity ability  /  Life satisfaction  /  Parent-child relationship satisfaction  /  Depression
张宝轩, 孙嘉颖, 罗金萍, 牟艺帆, 耿铭慧, 尹文强, 陈钟鸣, 马东平. 老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者日常生活活动能力与抑郁的关系研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (21) : 3961 -3967 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407084
Bao-xuan ZHANG, Jia-ying SUN, Jin-ping LUO, Yi-fan MOU, Ming-hui GENG, Wen-qiang YIN, Zhong-ming CHEN, Dong-ping MA. Study on the relationship between daily living activity ability and depression in elderly patients with chronic respiratory diseases[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (21) : 3961 -3967 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407084
慢性呼吸系统疾病作为常见的慢性病,具有高患病率、高致残率、高病亡率以及高疾病负担的特点[1],2021年中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心发布的全国死因检测数据显示慢性呼吸系统疾病为第四位死因疾病,可见当前干预与预防慢性呼吸系统疾病刻不容缓。有研究发现慢性呼吸系统疾病会导致患者的日常生活活动能力下降[2],从而降低患者的活动范围并减少与外界的接触与交流,给患者的精神状态带来影响[3],容易出现抑郁[4-5]。同时,日常生活活动能力受损会降低生活满意度[6],生活满意度作为个体对其生活方面认知性评估的度量,其程度的高低则会影响着抑郁的变化[7-8],因此生活满意度可能在日常生活活动能力与抑郁之间具有中介效应。此外,慢性病患者的健康水平会影响着亲子关系从而作用于患者的心理健康[9],而亲子关系满意度作为个体对子女关系的满意程度,不同的亲子关系满意度会导致抑郁检出率存在差异[10-11],因此亲子关系满意度也可能在日常生活活动能力与抑郁之间发挥中介作用。
综上,国内外虽有研究关注日常生活活动能力与抑郁的关系,但对于生活满意度与亲子关系满意度在其中的作用机制研究较少。基于当前我国人口老龄化加重,老年人健康问题受到广泛关注,而呼吸系统由于承担人体自身供氧功能,相较于未患有呼吸系统疾病的老年人,呼吸系统疾病老年患者的死亡速率会加快[12],因此本研究以老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者为研究对象,探讨生活满意度与亲子关系满意度在慢性呼吸系统疾病群体日常生活活动能力与抑郁之间的平行中介作用,为改善慢性呼吸系统疾病患者抑郁提供理论依据与应对策略。
本研究数据来源于2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)。CHARLS全国基线调查涵盖全国28个省,采用分层多阶段按人口规模成比例的概率抽样方法,以45岁及以上住户人群为基线调查对象,各轮调查均获得了北京大学生物医学伦理委员会的批准。根据研究目的,本研究最终纳入1 264个样本。纳入标准:(1)年龄≥60岁;(2)患有慢性肺部疾患或哮喘;(3)ADL量表、抑郁量表、生活满意度与亲子关系满意度信息完整。排除标准:(1)主要研究变量信息缺失者;(2)控制变量信息不完整者。
本研究以日常生活活动能力为自变量。CHARLS问卷中的日常生活活动能力(activity of daily living,ADL)量表主要包括穿衣、洗澡、吃饭、上下床、如厕、控制大小便6项活动,每项从“没有困难”到“无法完成”赋值1~4分,总分为6~24分,分数越高代表日常生活活动能力受损越严重[13]。本研究ADL量表Cronbach α系数为0.807。
本研究以抑郁为因变量。以CHARLS问卷中抑郁量表简表(CES-D10)测量抑郁,量表包含10个项目,对“我对未来充满希望”及“我很愉快”两项正向条目反向赋分,量表总体得分范围为0~30分,分数越高代表抑郁程度越高,抑郁量表≥10分被认为存在抑郁症状[14]。本研究抑郁量表Cronbach α系数为0.785。
研究选取CHARLS数据中“您对自己的生活是否感到满意?”测量个体的生活满意度[15],每项从“一点也不满意”到“极其满意”赋值1~5分,分数越高代表生活满意度越高。
选取CHARLS数据中“您对您和您子女的关系满意吗?”测量亲子关系满意度[16],每项从“一点也不满意”到“极其满意”赋值1~5分,分数越高代表亲子关系满意度越高。
根据以往研究成果[17-18],将性别、年龄、居住地、婚姻状态、文化程度、吸烟、饮酒、自评健康作为本研究的控制变量。
本研究采用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析,计数资料采用频数以及百分比表示,计量资料采用(均值±标准差)表示,不同人口学特征慢性呼吸系统疾病患者抑郁组间比较采用t检验或方差分析,用Spearman相关分析方法研究各变量之间的相关关系,使用SPSS PROCESS 4.1程序中的模型4进行平行中介效应分析及bootstrap(重复抽样5 000次)中介效应检验。本研究双侧检验水准α=0.05。
结果显示,1 264名老年慢性呼吸系统患者中,男性占55.4%,女性占44.6%;研究对象中以60~69岁(60.4%)、农村(69.7%)、在婚(80.0%)、文盲或半文盲(50.7%)、不吸烟(73.2%)、不饮酒(68.4%)居多;自评健康状况好、一般、差的人群比例分别为9.3%、48.1%、42.6%。老年慢性呼吸系统患者抑郁量表得分≥10分的有658人,抑郁检出率52.1%。见表1
不同性别、居住地、婚姻状态、文化程度、吸烟、饮酒、自评健康的老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者抑郁差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究对象抑郁平均得分为(10.94±6.80)分。见表1
Spearman相关分析结果显示:日常生活活动能力受损与亲子关系满意度、生活满意度呈负相关(r=-0.08,P<0.01;r=-0.16,P<0.001),与抑郁呈正相关(r=0.35,P<0.001);亲子关系满意度、生活满意度与抑郁呈负相关(r=-0.22,P<0.001;r=-0.35,P<0.001);亲子关系满意度与生活满意度呈正相关(r=0.45,P<0.001)。见表2
本研究在控制性别、年龄、居住地、婚姻状态、文化程度、吸烟、饮酒、自评健康的基础上,以老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者的日常生活活动能力为自变量,以抑郁为因变量,以生活满意度、亲子关系满意度为中介变量。采用SPSS Process插件Model 4检验生活满意度、亲子关系满意度在日常生活活动能力与抑郁之间的平行中介作用。方程1和方程2结果显示,日常生活活动能力对生活满意度、亲子关系满意度、抑郁均有影响(β=-0.057,P<0.001;β=-0.040,P<0.001;β=0.773,P<0.001);方程3结果显示,在引入中介变量生活满意度、亲子关系满意度后,日常生活活动能力对抑郁仍有影响(β= 0.612,P<0.001),因此认为生活满意度、亲子关系满意度在日常生活活动能力与抑郁之间存在中介效应。见图1表3
Bootstrap中介效应检验结果显示,中介效应的95%CI:(0.023~0.074)不包含0,表明在日常生活活动能力与抑郁之间的中介效应模型中,生活满意度和亲子关系满意度起到了部分中介作用,其中生活满意度的中介效应较亲子关系满意度的中介效应更大,标准化效应值为0.040。本研究直接效应占总效应的79.22%,总间接效应占总效应20.78%。见表4
本研究结果显示,老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者抑郁检出率为52.1%,高于老年人抑郁检出率39.9%[5]与中老年糖尿病患者抑郁检出率41.7%[19],这可能是由于慢性呼吸系统疾病通常与慢性心力衰竭共存[20],其病程具有急性发作和缓解交替式进展的特点,容易导致不可逆性通气功能障碍[4],因此该群体治疗负担较重。同时由于中老年及以上群体慢性呼吸系统疾病呼吸康复率较低[12],呼吸系统疾病会加重老年人的活动能力的损失程度,此外,老年群体身体机能可能比中老年人身体机能的下降程度更大,加上老年患者对该疾病认知不足,降低生命质量,从而使得老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者抑郁症状更严重。
本研究发现老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者日常生活活动能力受损与抑郁之间存在正相关关系,与Zhou等[21]研究结果一致,可能是慢性呼吸系统疾病导致的功能性运动能力的丧失、呼吸功增加以及心血管功能受损造成劳累、失眠、无法工作等症状,影响了老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者的日常生活活动能力[22],日常生活活动能力的受损导致老年患者独立生活能力下降[3],老年患者承担相应的社会角色机会减少,为抑郁产生提供了合适的心理环境[23]
研究结果显示,老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者日常活动能力受损与生活满意度存在负相关关系,这与孙计领[24]的研究成果一致,可能是由于老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者呼吸系统障碍会导致日常生活活动能力的受损,身体功能的缺失会减少独立生活的能力或者造成社会角色的缺失,产生一定程度的自我感受负担。另外,慢性呼吸系统疾病反复发作、迁延不愈的疾病特点,也会给患者造成极大痛苦,从而降低疾病患者的生活满意度,而生活满意度作为影响抑郁的重要因素[7],较低水平的生活满意度则意味着低的心理健康水平,使个体对与之相关的人和事物的认知更为消极,同时在日常生活中会有消极的体验,更容易产生抑郁情绪[8]
本研究表明,亲子关系满意度在日常生活活动能力与抑郁之间起到中介作用。可能是慢性病患者的自身健康水平会直接关系到照顾者身心压力,会对亲子关系造成负面影响[9],也可能是没有或者较少拥有子女经济支持和生活照护而导致亲子关系满意度较低[25]。亲子满意度作为影响抑郁的重要影响因素,其程度的高低会影响着抑郁程度[16]
本研究运用CHARLS问卷中两个独立的主观问题测量生活满意度与亲子关系满意度的中介效应,发现两个中介变量所发挥的中介作用具有显著差异。生活满意度涉及老年慢性呼吸系统患者对自己生活的主观评价,与该人群的身体状况更为贴近,直接关系到该人群的抑郁状态。而亲子关系满意度在独立状态不同的老年患者中可能是不同的,相对独立的老年人对子女的依赖较少,此外,老年患者在朋友或者邻居的帮助状态下也可能会减少对子女的依赖,因此亲子关系满意度对抑郁的中介效应低于生活满意度。
综上所述,日常生活活动能力、生活满意度、亲子关系满意度与老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者抑郁相关,日常生活活动能力受损可直接导致患者抑郁的发生,也可通过生活满意度、亲子关系满意度间接导致患者抑郁。因此,家庭医生服务团队应当加大老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者群体的关注力度,采取家庭医生签约管理作为老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者抑郁的干预措施,针对不同疾病特征患者采取家庭医生个性化管理[26],定期开展系统性呼吸功能随访检测[27],与其子女共同规范患者的疾病管理,以改善日常活动能力,提高该人群的生活满意度,帮助缓解抑郁的发展。
本研究探讨了老年慢性呼吸系统疾病患者日常活动能力与抑郁之间的影响路径,能够为缓解该人群抑郁情绪提供理论依据。但本研究仍存在不足,本研究作为横断面研究,不能确定各变量之间的因果关系,今后会采用多期数据从纵向角度探讨因果关系。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年项目(72004164)
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2024年第51卷第21期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407084
  • 接收时间:2024-07-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-11-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-08
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国家自然科学基金青年项目(72004164)
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    1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
    2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心,山东 潍坊 261053
    3.健康风险预警治理协同创新中心,上海 200032

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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