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Article(id=1241676528816280536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407371, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721404800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968353703, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1731168000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968353703, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968353703, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968353703, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241676522256388920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='21', pageStart='3841', pageEnd='4032', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968352140, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968629818, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3991, endPage=3996, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241676531056037908, articleId=1241676528816280536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage based on digital PCR method, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore a method for monitoring the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage in Shenzhen using digital PCR, enabling real-time detection of viral nucleic acids in sewage and reflecting the epidemiological status of COVID-19 infections in the population through nucleic acid concentration.

Methods

A digital PCR detection system for SARS-CoV-2 in sewage was established, and its minimum detection limit was determined. From April to July 2023, 24-hour composite sewage samples were collected twice weekly from the inflow of six sewage treatment plants in Nanshan and Futian districts of Shenzhen. The modified polyethylene glycol precipitation method was used for viral concentration enrichment, followed by quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids using the established reverse transcription digital PCR (RT-dPCR) method. Concurrently, data on COVID-19 infection cases in the monitored sewage areas were collected for correlation analysis with the nucleic acid concentrations in the sewage.

Results

The RT-dPCR method for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection was successfully established, with a minimum detection limit of 1.00 copies/μl. A total of 162 sewage samples were collected from April to July 2023, with a positive detection rate of 96.3% for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids. The concentration of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids in Nanshan district ranged from 1.00×103 to 1.08×106 copies/L, while in Futian district it ranged from 1.44×103 to 1.40×106 copies/L, with peak concentrations observed on May 16. Correlation analysis indicated a significant association between sewage SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid concentrations and the number of COVID-19 infection cases in the population (Nanshan district r=0.77, P<0.001; Futian district r=0.80, P<0.001).

Conclusion

The digital PCR method is suitable for the quantitative detection of low concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids in sewage, allowing for real-time monitoring of the COVID-19 epidemic, thus providing a scientific basis for public health management and intervention.

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目的

探索基于数字PCR检测深圳市污水中新冠病毒浓度的方法，实现实时监测污水中新冠病毒核酸，并通过核酸浓度反映人群新冠病毒感染流行情况。

方法

建立污水中新冠病毒的数字PCR检测体系并测定其最低检出限；于2023年4—7月在深圳市南山区、福田区共六个污水处理厂的进水口采集24 h混合污水样本，每周采集两次；采用改良聚乙二醇沉淀法对污水样本进行病毒富集浓缩，并使用建立的逆转录数字PCR（RT-dPCR）体系进行新冠病毒核酸定量检测。同期收集污水监测覆盖区域人群新冠病毒感染病例数据，与污水中新冠病毒核酸浓度进行相关性分析。

结果

研究建立了新冠病毒核酸检测的RT-dPCR方法，其最低检出限为1.00 copies/μl。在2023年4—7月期间共采集污水样本162份，新冠病毒核酸阳性检出率为96.3%。南山区新冠病毒核酸浓度范围为1.00×103～1.08×106 copies/L，福田区为1.44×103～1.40×106 copies/L，污水中病毒核酸浓度于5月16日达到峰值。相关性分析表明污水新冠病毒核酸浓度与人群新冠感染病例显著相关（南山区r=0.77，P<0.001；福田区r=0.80，P<0.001）。

结论

数字PCR方法适用于定量检测污水中低浓度的新冠病毒核酸，可实时监测新冠疫情的流行情况，为公共卫生管理和干预提供科学依据。

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李迎慧，E-mail: ；
扈庆华，E-mail: ;
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李迎慧与扈庆华为共同通信作者

杨喜（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：公共卫生，卫生检验与检疫

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杨喜（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：公共卫生，卫生检验与检疫

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caption=The concentration trend of SARS-COV-2 in sewage, figureFileSmall=xMA5JFeh4PsY0V0W/0Bm4w==, figureFileBig=P1AO2PfhXPu7NgMYzaY0Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821870975160437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528816280536, language=CN, label=图1, caption=污水中新冠病毒浓度变化趋势, figureFileSmall=xMA5JFeh4PsY0V0W/0Bm4w==, figureFileBig=P1AO2PfhXPu7NgMYzaY0Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821871126155386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528816280536, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Spearman analysis between the concentration of SARS-COV-2 in sewage and the number of COVID-19 cases, figureFileSmall=nUK8ikztGVL01e2fNFJH9A==, figureFileBig=wBFDOh5pCAAM8hyv/KjQcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821871210041471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528816280536, language=CN, label=图2, caption=污水中新冠病毒浓度与新冠病毒感染病例数相关性分析, figureFileSmall=nUK8ikztGVL01e2fNFJH9A==, figureFileBig=wBFDOh5pCAAM8hyv/KjQcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821871335870596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528816280536, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Linear regression analysis of the concentration of SARS-COV-2 in sewage and the number of COVID-19 cases, figureFileSmall=Tc5SqurlbwcYSDSyX/PKGg==, figureFileBig=OK/M9qNj2ad4Z+6V7t8eRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821871453311113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528816280536, language=CN, label=图3, caption=污水中新冠病毒浓度与新冠感染病例数线性回归分析, figureFileSmall=Tc5SqurlbwcYSDSyX/PKGg==, figureFileBig=OK/M9qNj2ad4Z+6V7t8eRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821871558168718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528816280536, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer and probe sequences

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称序列
N1-F5’-GACCCCAAAATCAGCGAAAT-3’
N1-R5’-TCTGGTTACTGCCAGTTGAATCTG-3’
N1-P5’6-FAM-ACCCCGCATTACGTTTGGTGGACC-3’BHQ1
), ArticleFig(id=1241821871671414933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528816280536, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

引物探针序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称序列
N1-F5’-GACCCCAAAATCAGCGAAAT-3’
N1-R5’-TCTGGTTACTGCCAGTTGAATCTG-3’
N1-P5’6-FAM-ACCCCGCATTACGTTTGGTGGACC-3’BHQ1
), ArticleFig(id=1241821871809826972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528816280536, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sampling site information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域名称水质净化厂编号服务人口数
（万）		平均水流量/
（m3/d）
南山区蛇口水质净化厂N11830 000
南山水质净化厂N2230560 000
西丽水质净化厂N36.550 000
福田区福田水质净化厂一FT43278 800
福田水质净化厂二FT585288 000
滨河水质净化厂FT645112 000
), ArticleFig(id=1241821871948239008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528816280536, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

采样点信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域名称水质净化厂编号服务人口数
（万）		平均水流量/
（m3/d）
南山区蛇口水质净化厂N11830 000
南山水质净化厂N2230560 000
西丽水质净化厂N36.550 000
福田区福田水质净化厂一FT43278 800
福田水质净化厂二FT585288 000
滨河水质净化厂FT645112 000
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基于数字PCR方法的污水中新冠病毒监测
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杨喜 1, 2 , 程雁鹏 2 , 杜琛 2 , 彭悦景 3, 2 , 黄定杰 4, 2 , 韦斌财 5, 2 , 石秀园 5, 2 , 岳芝娇 1, 2 , 郜晨曦 4, 2 , 陈丽丽 1 , 李迎慧 2 , 扈庆华 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024,51(21): 3991-3996
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现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024, 51(21): 3991-3996
基于数字PCR方法的污水中新冠病毒监测
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杨喜1, 2, 程雁鹏2, 杜琛2, 彭悦景3, 2, 黄定杰4, 2, 韦斌财5, 2, 石秀园5, 2, 岳芝娇1, 2, 郜晨曦4, 2, 陈丽丽1, 李迎慧2 , 扈庆华1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.南华大学衡阳医学院，公共卫生学院，卫生检验与检疫系，湖南 衡阳 421001
  • 2.深圳市疾病预防控制中心，广东 深圳 518055
  • 3.南方医科大学
  • 4.山西医科大学
  • 5.南方科技大学

    • 杨喜（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：公共卫生，卫生检验与检疫

通讯作者:

李迎慧，E-mail: ；
扈庆华，E-mail: ;
Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage based on digital PCR method
Xi YANG1, 2, Yan-peng CHENG2, Chen DU2, Yue-jing PENG3, 2, Ding-jie HUANG4, 2, Bin-cai WEI5, 2, Xiu-yuan SHI5, 2, Zhi-jiao YUE1, 2, Chen-xi GAO4, 2, Li-li CHEN1, Ying-hui LI2 , Qing-hua HU1, 2
Affiliations
  • Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
出版时间: 2024-11-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407371
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摘要
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目的

探索基于数字PCR检测深圳市污水中新冠病毒浓度的方法，实现实时监测污水中新冠病毒核酸，并通过核酸浓度反映人群新冠病毒感染流行情况。

方法

建立污水中新冠病毒的数字PCR检测体系并测定其最低检出限；于2023年4—7月在深圳市南山区、福田区共六个污水处理厂的进水口采集24 h混合污水样本，每周采集两次；采用改良聚乙二醇沉淀法对污水样本进行病毒富集浓缩，并使用建立的逆转录数字PCR（RT-dPCR）体系进行新冠病毒核酸定量检测。同期收集污水监测覆盖区域人群新冠病毒感染病例数据，与污水中新冠病毒核酸浓度进行相关性分析。

结果

研究建立了新冠病毒核酸检测的RT-dPCR方法，其最低检出限为1.00 copies/μl。在2023年4—7月期间共采集污水样本162份，新冠病毒核酸阳性检出率为96.3%。南山区新冠病毒核酸浓度范围为1.00×103～1.08×106 copies/L，福田区为1.44×103～1.40×106 copies/L，污水中病毒核酸浓度于5月16日达到峰值。相关性分析表明污水新冠病毒核酸浓度与人群新冠感染病例显著相关（南山区r=0.77，P<0.001；福田区r=0.80，P<0.001）。

结论

数字PCR方法适用于定量检测污水中低浓度的新冠病毒核酸，可实时监测新冠疫情的流行情况，为公共卫生管理和干预提供科学依据。

污水监测  /  新型冠状病毒  /  数字PCR  /  新型冠状病毒感染
Objective

To explore a method for monitoring the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage in Shenzhen using digital PCR, enabling real-time detection of viral nucleic acids in sewage and reflecting the epidemiological status of COVID-19 infections in the population through nucleic acid concentration.

Methods

A digital PCR detection system for SARS-CoV-2 in sewage was established, and its minimum detection limit was determined. From April to July 2023, 24-hour composite sewage samples were collected twice weekly from the inflow of six sewage treatment plants in Nanshan and Futian districts of Shenzhen. The modified polyethylene glycol precipitation method was used for viral concentration enrichment, followed by quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids using the established reverse transcription digital PCR (RT-dPCR) method. Concurrently, data on COVID-19 infection cases in the monitored sewage areas were collected for correlation analysis with the nucleic acid concentrations in the sewage.

Results

The RT-dPCR method for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection was successfully established, with a minimum detection limit of 1.00 copies/μl. A total of 162 sewage samples were collected from April to July 2023, with a positive detection rate of 96.3% for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids. The concentration of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids in Nanshan district ranged from 1.00×103 to 1.08×106 copies/L, while in Futian district it ranged from 1.44×103 to 1.40×106 copies/L, with peak concentrations observed on May 16. Correlation analysis indicated a significant association between sewage SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid concentrations and the number of COVID-19 infection cases in the population (Nanshan district r=0.77, P<0.001; Futian district r=0.80, P<0.001).

Conclusion

The digital PCR method is suitable for the quantitative detection of low concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids in sewage, allowing for real-time monitoring of the COVID-19 epidemic, thus providing a scientific basis for public health management and intervention.

Sewage monitoring  /  Novel coronavirus  /  Digital PCR  /  SARS-CoV-2 infection
杨喜, 程雁鹏, 杜琛, 彭悦景, 黄定杰, 韦斌财, 石秀园, 岳芝娇, 郜晨曦, 陈丽丽, 李迎慧, 扈庆华. 基于数字PCR方法的污水中新冠病毒监测. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (21) : 3991 -3996 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407371
Xi YANG, Yan-peng CHENG, Chen DU, Yue-jing PENG, Ding-jie HUANG, Bin-cai WEI, Xiu-yuan SHI, Zhi-jiao YUE, Chen-xi GAO, Li-li CHEN, Ying-hui LI, Qing-hua HU. Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage based on digital PCR method[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (21) : 3991 -3996 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407371
正文
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新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2，简称新冠病毒）感染全球大流行已造成了巨大的社会经济负担，针对新冠病毒的检测和监测成为疫情防控的主要手段。Chen等[1]的研究表明在新冠阳性患者和无症状感染者的粪便样本中可以检测到新冠病毒，随后有研究发现，在城市污水处理系统中也能够检测到新冠病毒核酸[2-3]，有关污水新冠病毒浓度监测与新冠病毒感染之间关联性的研究在世界各地展开[4-7]；新冠病毒污水监测逐渐受到各国的青睐，并被用于评估疫情流行强度、发展趋势以及变异株的监测[8-10]。
目前污水中新冠病毒的定量检测主要采用的方法是逆转录荧光定量PCR技术（RT-qPCR），但是荧光定量PCR技术受限于循环数（Ct）的检测，依赖标准品来定量计算样本中的核酸浓度[11-12]；相比之下，数字PCR技术（dPCR）不依赖标准曲线，可直接对目标核酸片段进行绝对定量，提高实验室结果的准确性和可重复性[13-15]。目前，数字PCR技术在各种生物医学研究领域中得到广泛应用，相较于传统的qPCR，数字PCR具有更强的抗干扰能力，在检出限和灵敏度方面展现出显著的优势，特别适用于复杂低核酸载量的样本检测[13,16]。污水样本成分复杂[8]，且污水中病毒浓度相对较低，因此污水中新冠病毒的检测方法需要具备高准确性和高灵敏度的特点。本研究基于RT-dPCR方法建立污水中新冠病毒核酸检测体系，对2023年4—7月深圳市南山区、福田区大型污水处理厂的污水样本进行新冠病毒核酸浓度检测，并收集监测时段的人群新冠病毒感染病例数据进行关联分析，旨在探索数字PCR方法在污水新冠病毒核酸浓度监测中的应用，并进一步研究通过污水监测数据反映人群新冠病毒感染流行情况。
1　材料与方法
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1.1　RT-dPCR检测体系建立
（1）引物探针、质控品的制备：参考美国疾病预防控制中心发表的新冠N基因引物探针序列[17]进行实验，见表1。引物探针及带有N基因序列的质粒均由上海生工生物工程有限公司合成。（2）反应体系和条件：扩增总反应体系25 μl，包括7.5 μl预混液A，0.48 μl引物N1-F/N1-R（50 μM），0.15 μl探针N1-P（50 μM），16.39 μl DEPC（diethylpyrocarbonate，焦碳酸二乙酯）水。扩增程序为：55℃逆转录15 min；95℃、10 min预变性，以94℃、30 s变性，55℃、1 min退火延伸为一个循环，设置40个循环，最后12℃、5min使仪器冷却。（3）检出限：为确定方法的检出限（LOD），将合成的新冠N基因质粒定量稀释到0、0.2、0.5、1、2.5、5和10 copies/μl的浓度，一式三份用RT-dPCR进行检测，可检出的最低浓度再进行8个重复平行的检测。
1.2　污水样本来源
在深圳市人口较为密集的两个中心区（南山区和福田区）的所有大型污水处理厂设置采样点，每个区各三个点位，总覆盖人口约355万，采样点信息见表2。采样时间从2023年4月2月—7月2日，采样频次为每周2次。
1.3　样本采集和运输
使用自动采样器（HACH，美国）在每个采样点进行24 h连续采样，具体为每小时采集1次，每次采集125 ml，共采集3 L样本。样本混匀后分装250 ml到聚四氟乙烯塑料瓶中，在2～6℃低温条件下送至实验室，24 h内对样本进行富集浓缩处理。记录各点位24 h水流量。
1.4　仪器与试剂
聚乙二醇（阿拉丁，上海）、NaCl（西陇科学，汕头）、核酸提取试剂盒和自动核酸提取仪（凯普生物，潮州）、4×RT-dPCR Mix、样本制备通用试剂盒及微滴检测通用试剂盒（新羿制造，北京）；PCR扩增仪（朗基科学，杭州）、样本制备仪和生物芯片分析仪（新羿制造，北京）。
1.5　RT-dPCR检测体系应用
（1）样本处理及病毒RNA提取：参照Zheng等[18]改良的聚乙二醇（PEG）沉淀法对污水样本中的新冠病毒进行富集浓缩处理。将45 ml污水样本经60℃、30 min水浴灭活后，于4℃、2 000×g水平离心2 min，分离上清液。向40 ml上清液中加入4 g PEG和0.8 g NaCl，充分溶解后在摇床上于25℃、180 rpm反应2 h。再以4℃、4 750×g转速水平离心30 min，弃上清，留约1 ml液体反复吹洗混匀，将全部悬液转移至1.5 ml离心管中。继续进行4℃、20 000×g转速离心8 min，弃上清，留下300 μl液体将沉淀物充分混匀。使用凯普全自动核酸提取仪及配套的核酸提取试剂盒（磁珠法NO-R-A Ⅰ型）按照试剂盒说明书进行核酸提取。（2）污水中新冠病毒核酸浓度检测：采用建立的RT-dPCR体系对污水中的新冠病毒核酸进行定量检测。样本经逆转录后，使用样本制备仪生成油包水液滴，采用PCR扩增仪扩增靶基因片段。扩增后，使用生物芯片分析仪和Chip Reader R2软件对样本中的N基因浓度进行定量。为确保实验质量，实验设置阴性和阳性对照。此外，核酸提取、RT-dPCR体系配置及检测都在PCR实验室的独立房间进行，以避免交叉污染。
1.6　污水中新冠病毒核酸加权平均浓度计算
按水质净化厂采样点的污水流量对其病毒核酸浓度进行加权处理，以计算该区污水中新冠病毒的浓度[19]。
其中Cn表示水质净化厂污水中新冠病毒的核酸浓度（copies/L），Qn表示水质净化厂每日24 h处理污水的体积（L/d）。
1.7　新冠病毒感染病例数据收集
通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统[20]收集污水监测采样日期对应的深圳市南山区和福田区人群新冠病毒感染病例数。
1.8　统计学方法
使用Excel 2016对实验数据进行录入和整理，统计学分析采用Stata 18.0软件。对污水监测新冠病毒核酸浓度与病例数进行Spearman相关性分析，检验水准α=0.05。此外，对新冠病毒感染病例数与污水中病毒核酸浓度进行线性回归分析。
2　结果
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2.1　RT-dPCR检测体系检出限
浓度梯度实验结果显示，本研究建立的方法可检出的最低浓度为0.5 copies/μl。随后选择浓度为0.5 copies/μl和1.00 copies/μl的质粒对照设置8个重复进行实验。1.00 copies/μl浓度的8个平行样全部检出，浓度为（1.17±0.68）copies/μl；而浓度为0.5 copies/μl的样本中，存在一个样本未检出。最终结果表明，方法的最低检出限为1.00 copies/μl。
2.2　污水样本新冠病毒核酸检出率
2023年4—7月，在深圳市福田区和南山区的6个水质净化厂进水口共采集污水样本162份，经RT-dPCR方法检测，在156份样本中检出新冠病毒，阳性检出率为96.3%。
2.3　污水中新冠病毒核酸浓度及其变化趋势
南山区污水样本中新冠病毒核酸加权平均浓度范围为1.33×103～1.06×106 copies/L，福田区为1.84×103～6.29×105 copies/L。2023年5月初开始，污水中病毒核酸浓度急剧上升，直至5月16日达到高峰。南山区的峰值浓度为1.06×106 copies/L，福田区为6.29×105 copies/L，见图1。在6个水质净化厂采样点观察到相似的浓度变化趋势，从2023年4月25日开始，各点位浓度开始上升，最终在5月16日前后达到峰值。不同的采样点峰值浓度存在差异，最高的为滨河水质净化厂，其次为南山水质净化厂和蛇口水质净化厂，峰值浓度范围为6.34×105～1.40×106 copies/L。
2.4　污水中新冠病毒核酸浓度与新冠病毒感染病例数的相关性分析
研究收集到深圳市南山区和福田区新冠病毒感染病例共10 596例。在2023年4月30日—6月4日污水监测浓度高峰期间，感染病例达8 887例，占比84%。相关性分析结果显示，两个区的污水新冠病毒核酸浓度与新冠感染病例数之间存在显著相关性，其中南山区相关系数r=0.77（P<0.001），福田区r=0.80（P<0.001），见图2。
2.5　污水中新冠病毒核酸浓度与新冠病毒感染病例数的线性回归分析
两个区污水中新冠病毒核酸浓度和新冠病毒感染病例数线性回归拟合程度较高，南山区R2=0.67，福田区R2=0.73，见图3。
3　讨论
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本研究建立了检测污水中新冠病毒RNA浓度的RT-dPCR体系，最低检出限为1.00 copies/μl，表明建立的数字PCR方法能够检测污水中低水平的新冠病毒核酸。研究共检测了162份污水样本，总检出率为96.3%。检出的样本浓度最高达到1.40×106 copies/L，最低为1.00×103 copies/L，表明研究所建立的数字PCR方法在检测污水低病毒载量样本方面具有较高的灵敏度，可直接定量样本中的核酸，并获得较高的检出率。
研究期间监测的污水中新冠病毒核酸浓度变化趋势与石家庄较为相似[21]，在新冠疫情政策转变后，石家庄污水中的新冠病毒核酸浓度在2022年12月14日和2023年5月24日达到峰值，峰值浓度分别为2.39×107 copies/L和1.47×107 copies/L，第二个新冠病毒核酸浓度峰值低于第一个[21]。本研究监测到深圳市污水中新冠病毒浓度于2023年5月16日达到峰值，但峰值浓度及时间与石家庄存在差异，这可能是由于不同地区感染流行情况不同所致。
研究显示深圳市南山区和福田区污水中新冠病毒核酸浓度和病例数之间的相关系数均大于0.75，表明二者之间存在较强关联，可通过数字PCR方法监测污水中新冠病毒核酸浓度的变化来预测人群新冠病毒感染病例的变化趋势。美国俄亥俄州和北卡罗来纳州类似的研究数据也显示，污水中新冠病毒核酸浓度与病例数的Spearman相关系数r在0.25～0.75之间[22-23]。
通过对污水中新冠病毒核酸浓度与人群感染病例数进行线性回归分析，研究二者之间的关系和拟合程度，有助于对新冠病毒感染流行状况进行预测及校正[22]。深圳市污水中新冠病毒核酸浓度与人群感染病例数的线性回归分析显示，两个区决定系数均大于0.60，这表明深圳市南山区、福田区2023年4—7月新冠病例与污水病毒核酸浓度之间拟合程度较高，研究使用RT-dPCR方法检测到的污水新冠病毒核酸浓度能够较好地反映实际的感染病例数。结合Spearman相关性分析结果，表明深圳市南山区、福田区污水监测数据可用于从整体上推测人群新冠病毒感染状况。
研究的局限性在于采用数字PCR方法对城市污水中新冠病毒N基因进行定量，仅得到新冠病毒所有变异株的总核酸浓度，未能得到具体各类病毒变异株的占比情况。将来的研究可开发基于突变位点检测的数字PCR分型体系，以期实现通过数字PCR技术对新冠病毒进一步分型。此外，病毒在污水管网中存在衰减现象[24]，研究未对新冠病毒在采样污水管网中的衰减现象进行研究，未来可探索有关污水管网中新冠病毒的衰减规律，对污水中病毒核酸浓度的检测结果进行校准，以得到更准确的监测数据。
本研究使用RT-dPCR方法对污水中的新冠病毒核酸浓度进行监测，结果表明数字PCR方法适用于检测污水中低浓度的新冠病毒核酸，在监测污水中的病毒核酸浓度方面具有良好的应用前景。监测污水中的病毒核酸浓度可以帮助人们更好地了解疫情传播情况，为公共卫生管理和干预提供科学依据。综合利用污水监测数据和临床病例数据，可以更全面地评估疫情风险，为及时精准采取公共卫生措施提供科学依据与数据支撑。
基金
收起
  • 国家自然科学基金(82373704)
  • 深圳市医学重点学科（公共卫生重点专科）(SZXK064)
  • 深圳市引进高层次医学团队项目“三名工程”(SZSM202311015)
  • 深圳市科技计划项目(KCXFZ20230731093959008)
文献
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2024年第51卷第21期
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文章信息
doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407371
  • 接收时间：2024-07-20
  • 首发时间：2026-03-20
  • 出版时间：2024-11-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-07-20
基金
国家自然科学基金(82373704)
深圳市医学重点学科（公共卫生重点专科）(SZXK064)
深圳市引进高层次医学团队项目“三名工程”(SZSM202311015)
深圳市科技计划项目(KCXFZ20230731093959008)
作者信息
    1.南华大学衡阳医学院，公共卫生学院，卫生检验与检疫系，湖南 衡阳 421001
    2.深圳市疾病预防控制中心，广东 深圳 518055
    3.南方医科大学
    4.山西医科大学
    5.南方科技大学

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李迎慧，E-mail: ；
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Number of
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Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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