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Article(id=1241676528459772450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406136, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718035200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968353618, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1731168000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968353618, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968353618, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968353618, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241676522256388920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='21', pageStart='3841', pageEnd='4032', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968352140, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968629818, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4022, endPage=4026, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241676529294438990, articleId=1241676528459772450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Study on the correlation between triglyceride glucose product index and kidney stones, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the correlation between the triglyceride glucose product index (TyG) and kidney stones.

Methods

Based on the annual health check-up data of employees from a construction company in Hubei in 2022, subjects were divided into kidney stone group (n=854) and non-kidney stone group (n=1 636) according to the presence of kidney stones. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the correlation between the TyG index and the risk of kidney stones.

Results

A total of 2 490 subjects were included in the study. The kidney stone group had higher levels of age, body mass index (BMI), TyG index, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose compared to the non-kidney stone group (P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk of kidney stones for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles of the TyG index was 1.071 times (OR=1.071, 95%CI: 0.822-1.394, P < 0.612), 1.174 times (OR=1.174, 95%CI: 0.886-1.556, P < 0.263), and 1.851 times (OR=1.851, 95%CI: 1.342-2.553, P < 0.001) that of the first quartile, respectively. Higher TyG index levels were associated with an increased risk of kidney stones (χ2=37.146, P < 0.001), indicating that the TyG index was a risk factor for the occurrence of kidney stones with a significant linear relationship. Subgroup analysis revealed that in overweight and obese populations (OR=1.494, 95%CI: 1.245-1.794, P < 0.001) and in populations with hyperlipidemia (OR=2.047, 95%CI: 1.606-2.61,P < 0.001), the TyG index remained positively correlated with the risk of kidney stones (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

A higher TyG index is associated with an increased risk of kidney stones, and early intervention in insulin resistance may help improve or reduce the incidence risk of kidney stones.

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目的

探讨甘油三酯葡萄糖乘积指数（triglyceride glucose, TyG）与肾结石的相关性。

方法

基于2022年湖北某建筑公司职工年度体检数据，依据有无肾结石，将研究对象分为肾结石组（n=854）和非肾结石组（n=1 636）。运用描述统计、χ2检验、多因素logistic回归分析，评估TyG指数与肾结石风险的相关性。

结果

共纳入2 490例研究对象，肾结石组年龄、身体质量指数（body mass index, BMI）、TyG指数、尿酸、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、舒张压、空腹血糖水平均高于非肾结石组（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，TyG指数第2、3、4四分位组肾结石患病风险分别是第1四分位组的1.071倍（OR=1.071, 95%CI：0.822～1.394, P<0.612）、1.174倍（OR=1.174, 95%CI：0.886～1.556, P<0.263）和1.851倍（OR=1.851, 95%CI：1.342～2.553, P<0.001），TyG指数越高肾结石患病风险越大（χ2=37.146, P<0.001），提示TyG指数是肾结石发生的危险因素，并存在明显的线性关系。亚组分析表明，在超重肥胖人群（OR=1.494, 95%CI：1.245～1.794, P<0.001）及高脂血症人群（OR=2.047, 95%CI：1.606～2.61, P<0.001）中，TyG指数与肾结石风险仍呈正相关（P<0.05）。

结论

较高的TyG指数与肾结石的患病风险增加有关，早期干预胰岛素抵抗（insulin resistance, IR）可能有助于改善或降低肾结石发病风险。

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余可斐，E-mail:；
刘冰，E-mail:；
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=hF1xoHH6wZ1FBk8MHebO6A==, magXml=hmfdZSV+z6pElMlEm32Vzg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Pu/4TRPND5ObDAr0WiExeg==, pdfFileSize=682414, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=4NQAhLvS89pjSPfXh1NQjg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=xg8anqmXdugwpsq+xgTPRg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

余可斐与刘冰为共同通信作者

熊紫君（1989—），女，硕士，主管护师，研究方向：生物信息学、疾病预防与控制

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Insulin resistance and low urinary citrate excretion in Calcium stone formers[J].Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2007, 61(1): 86-90., articleTitle=Insulin resistance and low urinary citrate excretion in Calcium stone formers, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241821857284952755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528459772450, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821857293341366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528459772450, companyId=1241821857284952755, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health and Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821857301729974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528459772450, companyId=1241821857284952755, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.湖北医药学院公共卫生与健康学院，湖北 十堰 442000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241821857448530626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528459772450, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821857461113540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528459772450, companyId=1241821857448530626, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.十堰市太和医院·湖北医药学院附属医院，湖北 十堰 442000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241821866273346503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528459772450, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Flowchart of the sample inclusion and exclusion, figureFileSmall=YGYrDn/40IjofkcNpzryiQ==, figureFileBig=Fak5As+W5xIUeN6WkkoW0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821866420147150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528459772450, language=CN, label=图1, caption=纳入排除标准流程图, figureFileSmall=YGYrDn/40IjofkcNpzryiQ==, figureFileBig=Fak5As+W5xIUeN6WkkoW0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821866541781975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528459772450, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=The restricted cubic spline of the TyG index and the prevalence rates of kidney stones, figureFileSmall=8XUquZvzSrh/PwZxUN+FqQ==, figureFileBig=//YsJpTqQdnaE4kWNWr3ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821866705359845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528459772450, language=CN, label=图2, caption=TyG指数与肾结石患病风险的RCS曲线, figureFileSmall=8XUquZvzSrh/PwZxUN+FqQ==, figureFileBig=//YsJpTqQdnaE4kWNWr3ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821866873132012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528459772450, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Subgroup analysis the correlation between TyG Index and Kidney Stones, figureFileSmall=3q5Cc5GtLL3CUpdDEB6LwQ==, figureFileBig=nva3nLHmI2N4IrhPisOCNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821867015738356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528459772450, language=CN, label=图3, caption=亚组分析TyG指数和肾结石的相关性, figureFileSmall=3q5Cc5GtLL3CUpdDEB6LwQ==, figureFileBig=nva3nLHmI2N4IrhPisOCNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821867162539008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528459772450, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of general characteristics in kidney stone group and non-kidney stone group ［n（%），（），M（P25，P75）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目肾结石组
（n=854）		非肾结石组
（n=1 636）		P值
男性820 (96)1 436 (87.8)<0.001
女性34 (4)200 (12.2)0.853
年龄（岁）44 (33, 52)38 (29, 49)<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)26.16±3.5525.43±3.87<0.001
TyG指数9.15±0.768.98±0.81<0.001
UA (μmol/L)420.02±92.45401.81±98.28<0.001
TC (mmol/L)5.04±0.994.96±1.050.044
LDL-C (mmol/L)3.14±0.892.92±0.82<0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)1.20 (1.02, 1.42)1.27 (1.08, 1.54)<0.001
TG (mmol/L)1.99 (1.29, 3.01)1.69 (1.10, 2.66)<0.001
FBG (mmol/L)5.38 (4.91, 6.11)5.22 (4.81, 5.74)<0.001
SBP (mm Hg)134.16±21.22132.61±22.130.091
DBP (mm Hg)84.00 (74.00, 95.00)81.00 (72.00, 93.00)0.003
), ArticleFig(id=1241821867305144324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528459772450, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

肾结石组和非肾结石组的一般资料比较［n（%），（），M（P25，P75）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目肾结石组
（n=854）		非肾结石组
（n=1 636）		P值
男性820 (96)1 436 (87.8)<0.001
女性34 (4)200 (12.2)0.853
年龄（岁）44 (33, 52)38 (29, 49)<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)26.16±3.5525.43±3.87<0.001
TyG指数9.15±0.768.98±0.81<0.001
UA (μmol/L)420.02±92.45401.81±98.28<0.001
TC (mmol/L)5.04±0.994.96±1.050.044
LDL-C (mmol/L)3.14±0.892.92±0.82<0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)1.20 (1.02, 1.42)1.27 (1.08, 1.54)<0.001
TG (mmol/L)1.99 (1.29, 3.01)1.69 (1.10, 2.66)<0.001
FBG (mmol/L)5.38 (4.91, 6.11)5.22 (4.81, 5.74)<0.001
SBP (mm Hg)134.16±21.22132.61±22.130.091
DBP (mm Hg)84.00 (74.00, 95.00)81.00 (72.00, 93.00)0.003
), ArticleFig(id=1241821867464527888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528459772450, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The prevalence rates of kidney stoneas and non-kidney stones with different TyG index levels [n (%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亚组非肾结石组
（n=1 636）		肾结石组
（n=854）		χ2值P值
TyG指数37.146<0.001
Q1458 (28.0)158 (18.5)
Q2419 (25.6)207 (24.2)
Q3396 (24.2)231 (27.0)
Q4363 (22.2)258 (30.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1241821867607134231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528459772450, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同TyG指数水平肾结石组和非肾结石组患病率比较[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亚组非肾结石组
（n=1 636）		肾结石组
（n=854）		χ2值P值
TyG指数37.146<0.001
Q1458 (28.0)158 (18.5)
Q2419 (25.6)207 (24.2)
Q3396 (24.2)231 (27.0)
Q4363 (22.2)258 (30.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1241821867749740577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528459772450, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Association between TyG index and the prevalence rates of kidney stones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TyG指数四分位区间模型1模型2模型3
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
Q1 (7.27, 8.48)111
Q2 (8.48, 8.95)1.432 (1.120～1.831)0.0041.213 (0.942～1.562)0.1341.071 (0.822～1.394)0.612
Q3 (8.95, 9.50)1.691 (1.326～2.156)<0.0011.342 (1.042～1.729)0.0231.174 (0.886～1.556)0.263
Q4 (9.50, 12.60)2.060 (1.619～2.622)<0.0011.560 (1.206～2.018)0.0011.851 (1.342～2.553)<0.001
趋势检验P值0.0140.125<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241821867904929836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676528459772450, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

TyG指数与肾结石患病的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TyG指数四分位区间模型1模型2模型3
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
Q1 (7.27, 8.48)111
Q2 (8.48, 8.95)1.432 (1.120～1.831)0.0041.213 (0.942～1.562)0.1341.071 (0.822～1.394)0.612
Q3 (8.95, 9.50)1.691 (1.326～2.156)<0.0011.342 (1.042～1.729)0.0231.174 (0.886～1.556)0.263
Q4 (9.50, 12.60)2.060 (1.619～2.622)<0.0011.560 (1.206～2.018)0.0011.851 (1.342～2.553)<0.001
趋势检验P值0.0140.125<0.001
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甘油三酯葡萄糖乘积指数与肾结石的相关性研究
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熊紫君 1 , 何应梅 1 , 袁平 1 , 何福逵 1 , 余可斐 2 , 刘冰 1
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024,51(21): 4022-4026
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024, 51(21): 4022-4026
甘油三酯葡萄糖乘积指数与肾结石的相关性研究
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熊紫君1, 何应梅1, 袁平1, 何福逵1, 余可斐2 , 刘冰1
作者信息
  • 1.湖北医药学院公共卫生与健康学院，湖北 十堰 442000
  • 2.十堰市太和医院·湖北医药学院附属医院，湖北 十堰 442000

    • 熊紫君（1989—），女，硕士，主管护师，研究方向：生物信息学、疾病预防与控制

通讯作者:

余可斐，E-mail:；
刘冰，E-mail:；
Study on the correlation between triglyceride glucose product index and kidney stones
Zi-jun XIONG1, Ying-mei HE1, Ping YUAN1, Fu-kui HE1, Ke-fei YU2 , Bing LIU1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health and Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
出版时间: 2024-11-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406136
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摘要
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目的

探讨甘油三酯葡萄糖乘积指数（triglyceride glucose, TyG）与肾结石的相关性。

方法

基于2022年湖北某建筑公司职工年度体检数据，依据有无肾结石，将研究对象分为肾结石组（n=854）和非肾结石组（n=1 636）。运用描述统计、χ2检验、多因素logistic回归分析，评估TyG指数与肾结石风险的相关性。

结果

共纳入2 490例研究对象，肾结石组年龄、身体质量指数（body mass index, BMI）、TyG指数、尿酸、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、舒张压、空腹血糖水平均高于非肾结石组（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，TyG指数第2、3、4四分位组肾结石患病风险分别是第1四分位组的1.071倍（OR=1.071, 95%CI：0.822～1.394, P<0.612）、1.174倍（OR=1.174, 95%CI：0.886～1.556, P<0.263）和1.851倍（OR=1.851, 95%CI：1.342～2.553, P<0.001），TyG指数越高肾结石患病风险越大（χ2=37.146, P<0.001），提示TyG指数是肾结石发生的危险因素，并存在明显的线性关系。亚组分析表明，在超重肥胖人群（OR=1.494, 95%CI：1.245～1.794, P<0.001）及高脂血症人群（OR=2.047, 95%CI：1.606～2.61, P<0.001）中，TyG指数与肾结石风险仍呈正相关（P<0.05）。

结论

较高的TyG指数与肾结石的患病风险增加有关，早期干预胰岛素抵抗（insulin resistance, IR）可能有助于改善或降低肾结石发病风险。

甘油三酯葡萄糖乘积指数  /  肾结石  /  胰岛素抵抗
Objective

To investigate the correlation between the triglyceride glucose product index (TyG) and kidney stones.

Methods

Based on the annual health check-up data of employees from a construction company in Hubei in 2022, subjects were divided into kidney stone group (n=854) and non-kidney stone group (n=1 636) according to the presence of kidney stones. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the correlation between the TyG index and the risk of kidney stones.

Results

A total of 2 490 subjects were included in the study. The kidney stone group had higher levels of age, body mass index (BMI), TyG index, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose compared to the non-kidney stone group (P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk of kidney stones for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles of the TyG index was 1.071 times (OR=1.071, 95%CI: 0.822-1.394, P < 0.612), 1.174 times (OR=1.174, 95%CI: 0.886-1.556, P < 0.263), and 1.851 times (OR=1.851, 95%CI: 1.342-2.553, P < 0.001) that of the first quartile, respectively. Higher TyG index levels were associated with an increased risk of kidney stones (χ2=37.146, P < 0.001), indicating that the TyG index was a risk factor for the occurrence of kidney stones with a significant linear relationship. Subgroup analysis revealed that in overweight and obese populations (OR=1.494, 95%CI: 1.245-1.794, P < 0.001) and in populations with hyperlipidemia (OR=2.047, 95%CI: 1.606-2.61,P < 0.001), the TyG index remained positively correlated with the risk of kidney stones (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

A higher TyG index is associated with an increased risk of kidney stones, and early intervention in insulin resistance may help improve or reduce the incidence risk of kidney stones.

Triglyceride glucose product index  /  Kidney stones  /  Insulin resistance
熊紫君, 何应梅, 袁平, 何福逵, 余可斐, 刘冰. 甘油三酯葡萄糖乘积指数与肾结石的相关性研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (21) : 4022 -4026 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406136
Zi-jun XIONG, Ying-mei HE, Ping YUAN, Fu-kui HE, Ke-fei YU, Bing LIU. Study on the correlation between triglyceride glucose product index and kidney stones[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (21) : 4022 -4026 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406136
正文
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肾结石作为一种常见的泌尿系统疾病，其形成原因是尿液中的矿物质成分过饱和，导致晶体在肾脏内沉积[1]。这种病理状态不仅可能引起尿路梗阻，严重情况下还可能损害肾功能[1]。近年来，肾结石全球患病率为1.9%～17.6%，呈上升趋势，对经济和公共卫生体系造成沉重负担[2]。肾结石的风险因素众多，包括遗传、环境因素、饮食习惯、生活方式以及某些疾病，如肥胖、代谢综合征和糖尿病等[3-4]。肾结石与代谢性疾病有共同的病理基础——胰岛素抵抗（insulin resistance, IR），IR已被证实可能影响肾脏的氨生成和尿液浓度，进而可能促进肾结石的形成[5]。甘油三酯-葡萄糖指数（triglyceride glucose, TyG）是近几年兴起的用于评估IR的新型指标，与传统的稳态模型评估（homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR）相比，在临床实践中更易获取，且已有证据表明TyG指数与多种代谢性疾病相关[6]。然而，TyG指数与肾结石之间关系的研究在亚洲人群中报道较少[7-9]。鉴于此，本研究利用2022年湖北某三甲医院的体检数据，探讨TyG指数与肾结石风险之间的关联，旨在为早期防治肾结石提供新思路。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　研究人群
本研究选取了2022年于湖北某三甲医院进行体检的某建筑公司的职工为研究对象。纳入标准：（1）≥18岁；（2）参加并完成体检，主要相关分析指标齐全；（3）接受双肾、输尿管及膀胱超声和腹部平片等辅助检查。排除标准：（1）妊娠期女性；（2）重要数据缺失；（3）患有严重肾功能不全，肾衰竭，尿毒症，肾脏切除术后、肝功能不全，恶性肿瘤等疾病的人群。本研究共收集2 516份体检报告，经纳入标准排除后，最终纳入2 490名合格参与者的体检数据，见图1。本研究通过了湖北医药学院伦理审查委员会批准(审批号：2019-TH-101)。
1.2　诊断标准
收集研究对象的体检资料，包括年龄、性别、身体质量指数（BMI）、收缩压（systolic blood pressure, SBP）、舒张压(diastolic blood pressure, DBP)、尿酸（uric acid, UA）、甘油三酰（triglyceride, TG）、空腹血糖（fasting plasma glucose, FPG）、甘油三酯-葡萄糖（TyG）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol, TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C）。TyG指数由ln [甘油三酯(mg/dL) ×空腹葡萄糖(mg/dL)/2]计算获得[6]。
将BMI≥24.0 kg/m2定义为超重肥胖，BMI<24.0 kg/m2定义为非超重肥胖[10]。将DBP≥90 mm Hg和（或）SBP≥140 mm Hg或既往有高血压病史的定义为高血压[11]。将FPG≥7.0 mmol/L或有糖尿病既往病史的定义为糖尿病[12]。将TG>2.26 mmol/L，TC≥6.22 mmol/L，HDL-C<1.04 mmol/L，LDL-CI>4.14 mmol/L任意一项指标超过指南定义界限或既往史有高脂血症定义为高脂血症[13]。将血尿酸≥ 420 μmol/L或既往有高尿酸血症病史的定义为高尿酸血症[14]。采用彩色多普勒超声仪，由五年以上年资的执业医师对研究对象进行肾结石检查，并由副高及以上职称的专业人员审核后出具检查报告，单侧肾脏结构内有一处结石即可诊断为肾结石[15-16]。
1.3　统计分析
统计学分析运用SPSS 26.0和R 4.3.3处理，检验水准α=0.05。计量资料为正态分布的用（均数±标准差）表示，组间比较采用方差分析；不符合正态分布的计量资料用［M（P25，P75）］进行描述，组间比较使用Mann-Whitney U秩和检验。计数资料用例和百分比表示，组间比较使用χ2检验。应用二元logistic回归模型分析TyG指数与肾结石患病风险的相关性。采用多因素分析调整混杂因素，将TyG指数分为四等分组赋值后，将各组的组中值纳入logistic回归模型进行线性趋势检验，结果用OR、95%CI表示。此外，采用四个节点的限制性立方样条曲线进一步可视化预测TyG指数与肾结石风险的关系。亚组分析按照性别、年龄、BMI、高血压、高尿酸、高脂血症和糖尿病进行分层，采用多因素回归分析，并加入交互项，检验亚组间关联的异质性，结果用OR、95%CI和P表示并绘制森林图。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　肾结石患病的一般资料及生化指标比较
本研究共纳入2 490受试者，其中854人被检出患有肾结石，占受试者总数的34.3%。肾结石组中，男性820人，占96%，女性34人，占4%。比较两组数据发现，肾结石组年龄、BMI、TyG指数、UA、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、TG、FBG、SBP、DBP水平均高于非肾结石组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组收缩压差异无统计学意义（P=0.91）。见表1。
2.2　不同TyG指数水平肾结石患病率比较
将研究人群按照TyG指数的四分位数进行分组，各组TyG指数分别为：Q1组为7.27～8.48，Q2组为8.48～8.95，Q3组为8.95～9.50，Q4组为9.50～12.60。四组TyG指数患病率分别为：Q1组为18.5%、Q2组为24.2%、Q3组为27.0%、Q4组为30.2%。χ2检验显示不同TyG分组人群肾结石患病率差异有统计学意义组(χ2=37.146，P<0.001)，见表2。
2.3　TyG指数与肾结石的回归分析
将TyG指数作为自变量，肾结石作为因变量，其他指标作为控制变量，采用logistic回归模型，对TyG指数与肾结石患病的关系进行分析。将TyG指数Q1组作为参照，经三次模型校正后，Q2、Q3和Q4组肾结石患病风险分别是Q1组的1.071倍（95%CI：0.822～1.394, P<0.612）、1.174倍（95%CI：0.886～1.556, P<0.263）和1.851倍（95%CI：1.342～2.553, P<0.001），模型1和模型3显示肾结石患病风险随TyG指数四分位数增加而增加（趋势性检验P<0.001）。见表3。图2中限制性立方样条图（restricted cubic spline, RCS）进一步验证TyG指数与肾结石患病风险之间的关系是线性的（P for non-linearity=0.215）。
2.4　TyG指数和肾结石相关性的亚组分析
进一步根据受试者的性别、年龄、超重肥胖、高血压、高尿酸、高脂血症和糖尿病分层进行细致的亚组分析。如图3所示，不同表型人群中，TyG相关的肾结石患病风险在BMI、高脂血症和高血压组间存在明显差异（交互P<0.05），不特定人群的患病风险较高。BMI分层分析显示，BMI≥24 kg/m2（OR=1.494, 95%CI：1.245～1.794, P<0.001）的超重肥胖人群患TyG指数相关肾结石的风险明显高于BMI<24 kg/m2（OR=1.293,95%CI：0.624～2.678, P=0.489）的非超重肥胖人群。高脂血症（OR=2.047, 95%CI：1.606～2.61, P<0.001）的人群患TyG指数相关肾结石的风险明显高于非高脂血症（OR=1.613, 95%CI：0.412～6.315, P=0.492）的人群。亚组分析结果揭示，超重肥胖和高脂血症人群肾结石患病风险更高，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05），而在高血压亚组中没有发现异质性。
3　讨论
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肾结石作为一种普遍的健康问题，其患病率在全球范围内不断上升，对公共卫生构成了重大挑战。尽管临床上可以通过药物、手术、体外冲击波碎石等方式治疗肾结石，但结石去除后复发率仍高达10%[2-3]。因此，肾结石预防应在一般人群中广泛开展，以减少肾结石患病带来的生理和经济负担。
以往的流行病学研究显示，肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症等与肾结石患病风险呈显著相关性。Lee等[17]学者发现，肥胖会促进肾结石的形成。肾结石在高血压患者中更为常见，可能与较高的尿酸排泄量有关，且高血压患者的尿酸排泄量随着血压的升高而增加[18]。2型糖尿病的严重程度与肾结石存在正向相关，这可能是因为IR会影响尿pH值和氨、钙在肾脏的代谢[4]。Huang等人[19]的研究发现高甘油三酯血症、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症，以及较高的总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白比值会增加肾结石的患病风险。
本研究还分析了TyG指数与肾结石患病在各亚组中的差异性。在BMI分层中，BMI≥24 kg/m2的超重肥胖人群患TyG指数相关肾结石的风险明显高于非超重肥胖的人群。Meta分析显示，BMI每增加5个单位与肾结石患病风险增加21%相关[20]。在高血脂亚组中，高血脂人群较非高血脂人群有更高的患病风险，与Huang、Shojaei-Zarghani等[5,19]学者的研究一致。然而，本研究人群中，对血压正常人群而言，TyG指数对肾结石的影响较高血压人群更高，与既往研究不一致[7-8]，查看数据构成发现肾结石组和非肾结石组高血压患病率差距不大，这可能与研究人群性别比例及职业特征有关。亚组分析结果表明，超重肥胖和高脂血症的个体，TyG指数与肾结石风险的正相关关系更为显著。对于这些高危群体，早期识别和干预IR可能对预防肾结石具有重要意义。
IR是许多代谢性疾病共同的病理基础，且IR的严重程度与肾脏不良结局呈正相关[21]。尽管机制仍不清楚，但仍有研究试图解释两者之间存在的关联。有研究认为，IR导致近端肾小管的氨排泄减少，而氨排泄量低与尿酸性增加和尿酸结石发病较高有关[22-23]；IR还可能降低尿枸橼酸盐排泄，导致低枸橼尿症和高钙尿症，是钙结石病的危险因素[23]。Cupisti等[23]学者的研究显示，高胰岛素抵抗患者的尿枸橼酸排泄减少，且低枸橼酸患者的IR比正常柠檬酸钙结石形成者更严重，其机制可能与柠檬酸盐代谢，肾小管钠离子、钾离子和氢离子转运的变化有关。TyG指数作为IR的一个可靠指标，其与肾结石风险的正相关关系可能反映了IR对肾脏代谢功能的影响，包括影响尿中钙、草酸、尿酸的排泄，从而增加肾结石的患病风险。
本研究存在一些局限性。首先，样本量较小，男性居多，且人群职业特征单一，可能会影响结果的外推性。其次，本研究未包含吸烟、饮酒、生活习惯、个人用药史、肾结石类型等变量，回归模型预测的精确性可能受到影响。最后，由于本研究采用横断面研究设计，无法获得TyG与肾结石之间的因果关系，仍需要进一步的大规模前瞻性研究来阐明这种关系的确切因果关系。综上所述，本研究揭示了TyG指数与肾结石的相关关系，较高的TyG指数与肾结石的患病风险增加有关，可为肾结石的早期干预提供有效信息，进而为肾结石的预防和治疗提供临床依据与参考。
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2024年第51卷第21期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406136
  • 接收时间：2024-06-11
  • 首发时间：2026-03-20
  • 出版时间：2024-11-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-06-11
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    1.湖北医药学院公共卫生与健康学院，湖北 十堰 442000
    2.十堰市太和医院·湖北医药学院附属医院，湖北 十堰 442000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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