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Article(id=1241676527276970884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406080, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717776000000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968353337, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1731168000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968353337, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968353337, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968353337, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241676522256388920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='21', pageStart='3841', pageEnd='4032', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968352140, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968629818, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3873, endPage=3877, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241676527587349394, articleId=1241676527276970884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region from 2005 to 2023, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) in Xinjiang from 2005 to 2023,providing a scientific basis for its prevention and control.

Methods

Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HAV reported in Xinjiang from 2005 to 2023 using data from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System.

Results

A total of 55 586 cases of HAV were reported in Xinjiang from 2005 to 2023, with an average annual incidence rate of 14.54 per 100 000. The incidence rate decreased from 31.19 per 100 000 in 2005 to 0.75 per 100 000 in 2023. The regions with the highest incidence rates were Kizilsu (31.45 per 100 000) and Hotan (24.55 per 100 000). The majority of cases were among scattered children (39.70%). The age group with the highest incidence was 0 to 15 years (36.08%). The gender ratio decreased to 1.00 by 2023.

Conclusion

Between 2005 and 2023, the prevention and control measures for HAV in Xinjiang were significantly effective. Continued efforts in vaccination and enhanced comprehensive prevention measures for children are necessary.

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目的

分析新疆2005—2023年甲型病毒性肝炎（甲肝）流行病学特征，为甲肝防治提供科学依据。

方法

用描述性流行病学方法分析中国疾病预防控制信息系统报告的2005—2023年新疆甲肝发病的流行特征。

结果

2005—2023年，新疆共报告甲肝病例55 586例，年平均发病率14.54/10万。甲肝的发病率从2005年的31.19/10万降低至2023年的0.75/10万。发病率位居前二位的为克州（31.45/10万）及和田地区（24.55/10万）。发病人群以散居儿童为主，占39.70%。发病人数较高的年龄段主要为0～15岁，占36.08%。性别比在2023年已经降低为1.00 。

结论

2005—2023年间，新疆甲肝防控措施效果显著。今后要继续做好疫苗接种工作，同时需要加强儿童的综合防控措施。

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谢娜，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=fS9mtS+TMZRGPZqdaMN1qw==, magXml=mgB5oQQbn3ij+me6yS1wQQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=BP7J4tW3ZWtUxIVVS+Xy0Q==, pdfFileSize=683977, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=3lQPu4mW0Ln9ACfK01zTcQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=WEIVTM9CeIgX46qoX+wZVg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

叶斯泰·木黑牙提（1998—），男，硕士在读，研究方向：甲肝研究工作

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叶斯泰·木黑牙提（1998—），男，硕士在读，研究方向：甲肝研究工作

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叶斯泰·木黑牙提（1998—），男，硕士在读，研究方向：甲肝研究工作

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Hepatitis A: Epidemiology, Natural history, Unusual clinical manifestations, and prevention[J].Gastroenterol Clin North Am, 2020, 49(2): 191-199., articleTitle=Hepatitis A: Epidemiology, Natural history, Unusual clinical manifestations, and prevention, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241821859365327678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527276970884, awardId=TSYC202301B 097, language=CN, fundingSource=“天山英才”医药卫生高层次人才培养计划(TSYC202301B 097), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241821850892833197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527276970884, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821850905416110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527276970884, companyId=1241821850892833197, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University,Urumchi, Xinjiang 830054, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821850913804719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527276970884, companyId=1241821850892833197, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830054)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241821851001885105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527276970884, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821851010273714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527276970884, companyId=1241821851001885105, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241821857658245840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527276970884, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Reported new case number and incidence of Hepatitis A in Xinjiang region from 2005 to 2023 (1/100 000), figureFileSmall=nvZKEF7Ewvt6jGfjUPN+UA==, figureFileBig=5L4tkmv+96fWuxVrK86Cew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821857796657884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527276970884, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2005—2023年新疆甲肝报告新发病例数和发病率（1/10万）, figureFileSmall=nvZKEF7Ewvt6jGfjUPN+UA==, figureFileBig=5L4tkmv+96fWuxVrK86Cew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821857989595885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527276970884, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Monthly distribution heatmap and cluster heatmap of newly reported cases of hepatitis A in Xinjiang from 2005 to 2023, figureFileSmall=SypH7f2q3XugvBXvAdVlYg==, figureFileBig=2GaAtRpRXT3Hg28mGzbpoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821858115425015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527276970884, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2005—2023年新疆甲肝报告新发病例月分布热图和聚类热图

注：A为热图；B为聚类热图；月发病数大于1 600例时用1 600例所代表的色块展示。

, figureFileSmall=SypH7f2q3XugvBXvAdVlYg==, figureFileBig=2GaAtRpRXT3Hg28mGzbpoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821858253837057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527276970884, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Number and composition of new cases of hepatitis A reported in Xinjiang from 2005 to 2023, figureFileSmall=5EbTVr6ynVEQBhOJAQhnSg==, figureFileBig=YLFe+YK8aIYdjWQyPKBeFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821858392249099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527276970884, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2005—2023年新疆报告甲肝新发病例数及其构成

注：A为新发病例数的年龄分布；B为新发病例的年龄构成。

, figureFileSmall=5EbTVr6ynVEQBhOJAQhnSg==, figureFileBig=YLFe+YK8aIYdjWQyPKBeFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821858568409873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527276970884, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Regional distribution of newly reported cases of hepatitis A in Xinjiang from 2005 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区发病数死亡数年平均
发病率（/10万）死亡率（/10万）
乌鲁木齐市4 53507.420
克拉玛依市16702.310
吐鲁番市1 18819.510.008
哈密市42603.850
昌吉回族自治州1 68105.740
博尔塔拉蒙古自治州73918.360.011
巴州2 655010.440
阿克苏地区7 778216.420.004
克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州3 342031.450
喀什地区15 077319.200.004
和田地区9 866024.550
伊犁哈萨克自治州6 161011.930
塔城地区1 54116.850.004
阿勒泰地区43003.530
合计55 586812.750.002
), ArticleFig(id=1241821858740376350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527276970884, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2005—2023年新疆甲肝报告新发病例地区分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区发病数死亡数年平均
发病率（/10万）死亡率（/10万）
乌鲁木齐市4 53507.420
克拉玛依市16702.310
吐鲁番市1 18819.510.008
哈密市42603.850
昌吉回族自治州1 68105.740
博尔塔拉蒙古自治州73918.360.011
巴州2 655010.440
阿克苏地区7 778216.420.004
克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州3 342031.450
喀什地区15 077319.200.004
和田地区9 866024.550
伊犁哈萨克自治州6 161011.930
塔城地区1 54116.850.004
阿勒泰地区43003.530
合计55 586812.750.002
), ArticleFig(id=1241821858870399778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527276970884, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Occupational distribution of newly reported cases of hepatitis A in Xinjiang from 2005 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
职业发病数构成比（%）
幼托儿童3 4546.21
散居儿童22 07039.70
学生9 85917.74
教师5791.04
保育员及保姆80.01
餐饮食品业1230.22
公共场所服务员230.04
商业服务6241.12
医务人员1820.33
工人1 3172.37
民工1 0261.85
农民8 78715.81
牧民2960.53
渔(船)民60.01
海员及长途驾驶员140.03
干部职员1 5792.84
离退人员2 2264.00
家务及待业2 2984.13
不详1900.34
其他9251.66
合计55 586100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241821859038171947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527276970884, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2005—2023年新疆甲肝报告新发病例职业分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
职业发病数构成比（%）
幼托儿童3 4546.21
散居儿童22 07039.70
学生9 85917.74
教师5791.04
保育员及保姆80.01
餐饮食品业1230.22
公共场所服务员230.04
商业服务6241.12
医务人员1820.33
工人1 3172.37
民工1 0261.85
农民8 78715.81
牧民2960.53
渔(船)民60.01
海员及长途驾驶员140.03
干部职员1 5792.84
离退人员2 2264.00
家务及待业2 2984.13
不详1900.34
其他9251.66
合计55 586100.00
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2005—2023新疆维吾尔自治区甲型病毒性肝炎流行特征分析
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木黑牙提叶斯泰· 1 , 符文慧 2 , 那扎尔别克哈力木别克· 1 , 兰兆国 1 , 才媲丽码乌其尔加甫· 1 , 田甜 1 , 谢娜 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(21): 3873-3877
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(21): 3873-3877
2005—2023新疆维吾尔自治区甲型病毒性肝炎流行特征分析
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木黑牙提叶斯泰·1, 符文慧2, 那扎尔别克哈力木别克·1, 兰兆国1, 才媲丽码乌其尔加甫·1, 田甜1, 谢娜2
作者信息
  • 1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830054
  • 2.新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011

    • 叶斯泰·木黑牙提（1998—），男，硕士在读，研究方向：甲肝研究工作

通讯作者:

谢娜，E-mail:
Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region from 2005 to 2023
Ye-si-tai MUHEIYAT1, Wen-hui FU2, Ha-li-mu-bie-ke NAZHAERBIEKE1, Zhao-guo LAN1, Wu-qi-er-jia-fu CAI-PI-LI-MA1, Tian TIAN1, Na XIE2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University,Urumchi, Xinjiang 830054, China
出版时间: 2024-11-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406080
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目的

分析新疆2005—2023年甲型病毒性肝炎（甲肝）流行病学特征，为甲肝防治提供科学依据。

方法

用描述性流行病学方法分析中国疾病预防控制信息系统报告的2005—2023年新疆甲肝发病的流行特征。

结果

2005—2023年，新疆共报告甲肝病例55 586例，年平均发病率14.54/10万。甲肝的发病率从2005年的31.19/10万降低至2023年的0.75/10万。发病率位居前二位的为克州（31.45/10万）及和田地区（24.55/10万）。发病人群以散居儿童为主，占39.70%。发病人数较高的年龄段主要为0～15岁，占36.08%。性别比在2023年已经降低为1.00 。

结论

2005—2023年间，新疆甲肝防控措施效果显著。今后要继续做好疫苗接种工作，同时需要加强儿童的综合防控措施。

甲型病毒性肝炎  /  流行病学特征  /  新疆
Objective

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) in Xinjiang from 2005 to 2023,providing a scientific basis for its prevention and control.

Methods

Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HAV reported in Xinjiang from 2005 to 2023 using data from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System.

Results

A total of 55 586 cases of HAV were reported in Xinjiang from 2005 to 2023, with an average annual incidence rate of 14.54 per 100 000. The incidence rate decreased from 31.19 per 100 000 in 2005 to 0.75 per 100 000 in 2023. The regions with the highest incidence rates were Kizilsu (31.45 per 100 000) and Hotan (24.55 per 100 000). The majority of cases were among scattered children (39.70%). The age group with the highest incidence was 0 to 15 years (36.08%). The gender ratio decreased to 1.00 by 2023.

Conclusion

Between 2005 and 2023, the prevention and control measures for HAV in Xinjiang were significantly effective. Continued efforts in vaccination and enhanced comprehensive prevention measures for children are necessary.

Hepatitis A virus  /  Epidemiological characteristics  /  Xinjiang
木黑牙提叶斯泰·, 符文慧, 那扎尔别克哈力木别克·, 兰兆国, 才媲丽码乌其尔加甫·, 田甜, 谢娜. 2005—2023新疆维吾尔自治区甲型病毒性肝炎流行特征分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (21) : 3873 -3877 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406080
Ye-si-tai MUHEIYAT, Wen-hui FU, Ha-li-mu-bie-ke NAZHAERBIEKE, Zhao-guo LAN, Wu-qi-er-jia-fu CAI-PI-LI-MA, Tian TIAN, Na XIE. Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region from 2005 to 2023[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (21) : 3873 -3877 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406080
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甲型病毒性肝炎（简称甲肝）是中国法定报告的乙类传染病，人群普遍易感，是由甲型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis A virus，HAV）引起的一种急性消化道疾病[1]。该病毒主要通过粪-口途径传播，可通过摄入被污染的食品或水，或者直接、间接接触HAV感染者而被感染。甲肝给我国居民生产生活造成巨大医疗和经济负担。2008年我国将甲肝疫苗（Hepatitis A vaccine，HepA）纳入扩大免疫规划（expanded programme on immunization，EPI），为18个月龄儿童免费接种甲肝疫苗[2]。随着甲肝疫苗在全国扩大免疫的实施，人们防病意识的增强，疫情得到了有效控制。然而，新疆维吾尔自治区（简称新疆）因其特殊的地理环境和气候条件等原因仍然是甲型肝炎高发区[3]。本文对新疆2005—2023年甲肝监测数据进行系统分析，明确新疆甲肝疫情的主要特征，确定甲肝防控重点人群与地区，为进一步制定甲肝人群防控策略和措施提出意见和建议。
1　材料与方法
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1.1　资料来源
2005年1月1日—2023年12月31日中国疾病预防控制信息系统报告的新疆的甲肝病例（包括临床诊断病例和实验室诊断病例）。各年度人口学数据资料来源于《新疆维吾尔自治区统计年鉴》。
1.2　统计学方法
采用描述流行病学研究方法对新疆2005—2023年甲肝的流行特征进行分析，使用微软办公Excel 2016软件整理数据，并利用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计处理。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　流行概况
新疆2005—2023年累积报告甲肝病例55 586例，年报告发病率波动范围在0.59/10万～40.39/10万之间，年平均发病率为14.54/10万。2005—2023年共报告甲肝死亡病例8例，平均死亡率为0.006 27/10万。
2.2　流行病学特征
2.2.1　时间分布
各年均有病例报告，发病数和发病率呈现“锯齿状”波动，总体呈下降趋势。发病率最高为2007年，为40.39/10万，最低为2022年，为0.59/10万。死亡病例分别发生在2006年（1例）、2007年（2例）、2008年（1例）、2009（1例）、2011（1例）和2015年（2例）。见图1。
2005—2023年各月均有甲肝病例报告，发病季节性较为明显，每年8月—次年1月秋冬季报告甲肝38 476例（69.22%），2—7月春夏季为17 110例（30.78%）。见图2。
2.2.2　地区分布
2005—2023年新疆各地（州、市）均有发病，累积发病数居前五位的是：喀什地区（15 077例）、和田地区（8 422例）、阿克苏地区（7 149例）、伊犁哈萨克自治州（6 161例）和乌鲁木齐市（4 535例）。克州、和田地区、喀什地区和阿克苏地区年平均发病率分别为31.45/10万、24.55/10万、19.20/10万、16.42/10万，高于全疆平均水平，见表1。
2.2.3　人群分布
2.2.3.1　年龄分布
在2005—2023年，新疆所有年龄组均有甲肝病例报告。2005年，各年龄组的发病率均超过10/10万，其中5～6岁年龄组的发病率最高，达到193.24/10万，自2010年以来，各年龄组的新发病例数总体呈下降趋势，特别是15岁以下年龄组，到了2023年，所有年龄组的发病率均下降至5/10万以下。见图3A。
2010年后，年龄构成也发生了变化，0岁年龄段的占比总体呈现下降趋势，而35岁和65岁以上年龄段的呈现上升趋势，2014年后这一趋势更加明显。见图3B。
2.2.3.2　性别分布
2005—2023年新疆甲肝病例男性年均报告发病率为14.83/10万，女性为11.07/10万，男女性别比为1.40∶1（32 445/23 140）。
2.2.3.3　职业分布
在2005—2023年新疆报告的甲肝病例中，散居儿童的占比最高，达到39.70%，其次为学生的17.74%、农民的15.81%和幼托儿童的6.21%，见表2。
2.2.4　暴发疫情
新疆2005—2023年共报告甲肝暴发疫情15起。2005、2006、2007和2011年分别发生4、3、4和4起。共报告甲肝病例数为1 069例，无死亡病例，疫情均发生在8—12月的秋冬季节。15起甲肝突发公共卫生事件分别发生在哈密市（5起）、巴音郭勒蒙古自治州（2起）、博尔塔拉蒙古自治州（2起）、塔城地区（2起）、阿勒泰地区（1起）、伊犁哈萨克自治州（1起）、昌吉回族自治州（1起）、阿克苏地区（1起）。发生场所主要为学校（8起）、农村（6起）和家庭（1起）。
3　讨论
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甲肝是全球严重的公共卫生问题之一，全球范围内每年约有500万例由HAV和戊型肝炎病毒引起的急性病毒性肝炎病例[4]。2016年，世界卫生组织（World Health Organization，WHO）设定了全球目标，旨在到2030年消除病毒性肝炎对公共卫生的威胁。中国在2008年将甲肝疫苗纳入国家免疫计划，以预防和控制该疾病。此后，中国甲肝的发病率明显下降[2]。
本研究发现，新疆自扩大免疫规划以来，甲肝发病率总体呈现下降趋势，这与其他省份甲肝发病率趋势一致[5-7]，提示甲肝疫苗免疫、卫生条件改善以及健康教育推广的效果显著。就季节而言，新疆的甲肝主要发病季节集中在秋冬季节，与我国其他省份的发病集中在春夏季节不同[8-9]，这可能与新疆秋冬季节气候较为凉爽干燥、人们生吃瓜果数量增多，户外运动或旅游途中喝生水、就餐的机会也随之增多有关。提示本地区应加强高发季节的甲肝的监测与防控，将秋冬季作为防控重点，同时改善卫生条件，加强宣教，改善生活习惯。
地区发病分析显示，报告发病数较多的地区大多为南疆地区，这与以往研究一致[10]，这可能与南疆地区卫生条件相对滞后、医疗资源相对有限、喝生水等生活习惯有关，提示在制定和实施甲肝防控策略时，应充分考虑到地区间的差异性，并遵循因地制宜的原则，将高发地区的疫情防控作为重点[11]。
人群分布分析显示，男女发病率无明显差异，这与以往研究中的男性患病风险要高于女性有所不同[12]，推测这可能与人们健康意识的提高，男性和女性在生活习惯、卫生条件和疫苗接种等方面的差异逐渐减小有关。35岁及以上的中老年人病例占比也在逐步增加，这可能与中老年人免疫应答能力降低有关[13]。儿童与学生报告病例数占总发病人数的一半以上，这与甲肝疫情多次暴发于学校相符。学校作为人员密集场所，学生抵抗力较弱，一旦暴发疫情，波及人数多，后果严重。故应该加强宣教，要求学生勤洗手，防止病从口入；同时加强对学校食堂、“家庭小餐桌”的卫生监督，防止消化道传染病的暴发。
在经济全球化的今天，国际上越来越多发达国家已将进口食品的检测作为预防甲肝的主要手段之一[14]，作为“一带一路”发展战略重要节点的新疆，因地处亚欧大陆中心地带而口岸众多，加强对进出口货物，尤其是来自甲肝高流行区的进口食品的检测与监控亦不容忽视。
甲肝疫苗依旧是目前应对甲型肝炎最为经济、有效的防控手段，鉴于成年人尤其是中老年人的占比逐渐增大，建议18～39岁的成年人直接接种甲肝疫苗，40岁以上的成年人在检测抗体水平后接种甲肝疫苗[15]。与此同时，不少国家和地区也会建议前往甲肝高发地区旅行的旅行者、医护人员、男男性行为群体等高危人群注射两剂次或三剂次的甲肝疫苗，可有效降低成年人的患病风险。
本研究存在一定的局限性，研究中所涉及的甲肝发病数据均来自被动检测系统，可能存在漏报等情形。
综上所述，新疆甲肝防控取得显著效果，2005—2023年新疆甲肝疫情总体呈现下降趋势，并呈周期性波动、秋冬季节高峰、局部地区高发、男女发病风险逐渐相同、儿童和学生为主的特征。因此，今后应继续加强对甲肝的常规监测，定期开展甲肝防治宣教，实时掌握甲肝病人年龄构成变迁状况及规律，及时调整甲肝疫苗免疫策略，预防和控制甲肝的暴发流行。
基金
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  • “天山英才”医药卫生高层次人才培养计划(TSYC202301B 097)
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2024年第51卷第21期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406080
  • 接收时间：2024-06-08
  • 首发时间：2026-03-20
  • 出版时间：2024-11-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-06-08
基金
“天山英才”医药卫生高层次人才培养计划(TSYC202301B 097)
作者信息
    1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830054
    2.新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011

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total species (%)		 属
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
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