Article(id=1241676527012729724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407117, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720540800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968353274, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1731168000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968353274, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968353274, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968353274, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241676522256388920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='21', pageStart='3841', pageEnd='4032', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968352140, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968629818, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3854, endPage=3860, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241676527344079751, articleId=1241676527012729724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Investigation on radiation protection status in medical institutions in Sichuan Province, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the current status of radiation protection in medical institutions in Sichuan Province, providing a reference for the scientific management and resource optimization of radiation diagnosis and treatment protection within the province.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze medical institutions engaged in radiation diagnosis and treatment activities (excluding dental clinics) across 21 cities (prefectures) in Sichuan Province.

Results

By the end of 2023, there were 3 424 medical institutions in Sichuan Province conducting radiation diagnosis and treatment, including 280 tertiary institutions (8.18%), 647 secondary institutions (18.90%), 1 104 primary institutions (32.24%), and 1 393 unclassified institutions (40.68%). A total of 31 763 radiation workers were employed. The province had 9 056 radiation diagnosis and treatment devices, with 3 346 in tertiary institutions (36.95%), 2 057 in secondary institutions (22.71%), 1 510 in primary institutions (16.67%), and 2 143 in unclassified institutions (23.67%). The pass rate for initial inspections of sentinel hospital equipment was 96.00%, while the re-inspection pass rate was 97.41%. Devices over 10 years old accounted for 24.70%, those between 5 to 10 years for 62.10%, and those under 5 years for 13.20%. The annual total of radiation diagnosis and treatment visits reached 49.8 897 million. The province had 48 877 pieces of personal protective equipment for radiation, with an average of more than 13 protective items per device in nuclear medicine and interventional radiology. Compared to 2014, the number of institutions conducting radiation diagnosis and treatment increased by 27%, the number of radiation workers grew by 251%, and the frequency of radiation diagnosis and treatment activities rose by 215%.

Conclusion

The update of radiation equipment is slow, with most devices in use for 5 to 10 years, indicating a need for improved maintenance and monitoring awareness among medical institutions. All levels of medical institutions meet the requirements for the quantity of radiation protection supplies, and there is sufficient provision of protective items in interventional radiology and nuclear medicine projects. Given the increasing frequency of radiation diagnosis and treatment, it is recommended that relevant departments strengthen monitoring of radiation equipment protection to enhance the level of radiation diagnosis and treatment in medical institutions and ensure safe practices in these activities.

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目的

调查四川省医疗机构辐射防护现状,为实施省内放射诊疗防护科学管理和资源优化提供参考依据。

方法

采用问卷调查法对四川省21个市(州)开展放射诊疗活动(不含牙科诊所)的医疗机构进行调查分析。

结果

截至2023年底,四川省内开展放射诊疗的医疗机构3 424家,其中三级医疗机构280家(8.18%),二级医疗机构647家(18.90%),一级医疗机构1 104家(32.24%),未评级医疗机构1 393家(40.68%)。从事放射工作人员共31 763人。全省共有放射诊疗设备9 056台,三级医疗机构3 346台(36.95%),二级医疗机构2 057台(22.71%),一级医疗机构1 510台(16.67%),未评级医疗机构2 143台(23.67%),哨点医院设备初检合格率达96.00%,复检合格率达97.41%,其中使用10年以上占24.70%,5 ~10年占62.10%,5年以下占13.20%。年放射诊疗总量4 988.97万人次。省内放射个人防护用品48 877件,核医学与介入放射学的防护个人用品配置平均每台设备大于13件。与2014年相比,四川省开展放射诊疗机构的数量增长率27%,放射工作人员增长率251%,开展放射诊疗频次增长率215%。

结论

放射设备更新较慢,使用时长大部分集中在5~10年,医疗机构应提高维护监测意识;各级医疗机构在放射诊断防护用品数量上均满足要求,在介入放射和核医学项目中配置的放射防护用品充足;放射诊疗频次增多,建议有关部门进一步加强放射设备防护监测,提升医疗机构放射诊疗水平,安全开展放射诊疗活动。

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马桥,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=+erpoCde9WsrjPuMYGjvzg==, magXml=865oqD/jJ8dqHDQSEDpX8w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=vGw+9l/71h+oSVFC11+ujA==, pdfFileSize=583863, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Ig3+A3b/WNQo8W7zN4MNWw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=oS3vWu36Y5Ecrq9kwDUiiw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

邓屹然(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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邓屹然(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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邓屹然(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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Lancet Oncology, 2023, 24(9): e376-e384., articleTitle=Radiotherapy resources in Latin America and the Caribbean: a review of current and projected needs based on International Atomic Energy Agency data, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241821864142640026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, awardId=2022NSFSC0655, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFSC0655), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241821853224866273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821853229060578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, companyId=1241821853224866273, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821853237449187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, companyId=1241821853224866273, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.成都医学院公共卫生学院,四川 成都 610500)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241821853325529576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821853333918185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, companyId=1241821853325529576, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.成都大学基础医学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241821853426192879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821853434581487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, companyId=1241821853426192879, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.四川省疾病预防控制中心职业与辐射卫生所四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241821853677851136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821853686239745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, companyId=1241821853677851136, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.四川省放射卫生质量控制中心四川 成都 610041)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241821858232865537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Frequency of radiological diagnosis and treatment in medical institutions in Sichuan Province, figureFileSmall=lWdqKfW6oyt3aneehDK1Pg==, figureFileBig=tSMkmXa83W+LZg0hrSP3fQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821858375471880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, language=CN, label=图1, caption=四川省医疗机构放射诊疗频次, figureFileSmall=lWdqKfW6oyt3aneehDK1Pg==, figureFileBig=tSMkmXa83W+LZg0hrSP3fQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821858585187091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Distribution of radiological projects in different grades of medical institutions in Sichuan Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
医疗机构等级数量(家)构成比(%)放射诊断(家)放射治疗(家)核医学(家)介入放射学(家)
三级2808.182807942168
二级64718.9064718450
一级1 10432.241 103010
未评级1 39340.681 392445
合计3 4241003 42210151223
), ArticleFig(id=1241821858744570654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

四川省不同等级医疗机构放射诊疗项目分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
医疗机构等级数量(家)构成比(%)放射诊断(家)放射治疗(家)核医学(家)介入放射学(家)
三级2808.182807942168
二级64718.9064718450
一级1 10432.241 103010
未评级1 39340.681 392445
合计3 4241003 42210151223
), ArticleFig(id=1241821858878788387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Distribution of workers in radiology diagnosis and treatment projects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总计男(%)女(%)
放射诊断22 69413 274(58.49)9 420(41.51)
放射治疗1 812953(52.59)859(47.41)
核医学591257(43.49)334(56.51)
介入放射学6 6664 248(63.73)2 418(36.27)
χ2153.496
P<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241821859029783339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

放射诊疗项目工作人员分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总计男(%)女(%)
放射诊断22 69413 274(58.49)9 420(41.51)
放射治疗1 812953(52.59)859(47.41)
核医学591257(43.49)334(56.51)
介入放射学6 6664 248(63.73)2 418(36.27)
χ2153.496
P<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241821859180778292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Configuration of medical radiation workers in Sichuan Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总计医疗机构等级FP
三级二级一级未评级
放射诊断22 69412 1514 4882 6333 422594.132<0.001
13 2746 6682 7051 8402 061685.174<0.001
9 4205 4831 7837931 361443.390<0.001
放射治疗1 8121 63813823494.867<0.001
95385084217105.161<0.001
8597885401781.069<0.001
核医学591546743483.212<0.001
257237621293.602<0.001
334309122269.338<0.001
介入放射学6 6666 083542536480.025<0.001
4 2483 909312324489.333<0.001
2 4182 174230212385.211<0.001
合计31 76320 4185 1752 6443 562
), ArticleFig(id=1241821859294024504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

四川省不同等级医疗机构放射工作人员分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总计医疗机构等级FP
三级二级一级未评级
放射诊断22 69412 1514 4882 6333 422594.132<0.001
13 2746 6682 7051 8402 061685.174<0.001
9 4205 4831 7837931 361443.390<0.001
放射治疗1 8121 63813823494.867<0.001
95385084217105.161<0.001
8597885401781.069<0.001
核医学591546743483.212<0.001
257237621293.602<0.001
334309122269.338<0.001
介入放射学6 6666 083542536480.025<0.001
4 2483 909312324489.333<0.001
2 4182 174230212385.211<0.001
合计31 76320 4185 1752 6443 562
), ArticleFig(id=1241821859432436547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Medical radiologic equipment in medical institutions of different grades

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
医疗机构等级医疗机构放射设备数量(台)
放射诊断(%)放射治疗(%)核医学(%)介入放射学(%)
合计8 389(100.00)195(100.00)71(100.00)401(100.00)
三级2 799(33.40)163(83.60)62(87.30)322(80.30)
二级1 957(23.30)23(11.80)4(5.60)73 (18.20)
一级1 509(18.00)0(0.00)1(1.40)0(0.00)
未评级2 124(25.30)9(4.60)4(5.60)6(1.50)
F1 166.308148.19897.843491.938
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241821859604403021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

医疗机构放射诊疗设备在不同等级医疗机构的分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
医疗机构等级医疗机构放射设备数量(台)
放射诊断(%)放射治疗(%)核医学(%)介入放射学(%)
合计8 389(100.00)195(100.00)71(100.00)401(100.00)
三级2 799(33.40)163(83.60)62(87.30)322(80.30)
二级1 957(23.30)23(11.80)4(5.60)73 (18.20)
一级1 509(18.00)0(0.00)1(1.40)0(0.00)
未评级2 124(25.30)9(4.60)4(5.60)6(1.50)
F1 166.308148.19897.843491.938
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241821859780563800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Detection of different types of radiological equipment and duration of use

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
放射诊疗设备类型监测数量(台)初检合格数量(台)复检合格数量(台)初检合格率(%)复检合格率(%)使用时长(,年)
DR13312312892.4896.248.66±3.40
钴-60远距离治疗机54480.0080.0013.0±4.00
CR111100.00100.0020.00±0
CT88858696.5997.737.28±3.00
PET/CT333100.00100.006.33±2.08
SPECT555100.00100.008.40±2.07
X射线透视设备40393997.5097.509.45±4.13
后装治疗机555100.00100.009.20±5.26
牙科设备49484897.9697.967.76±3.54
屛片X射线摄影设备111100.00100.0010.00±0
头部伽玛刀333100.00100.007.00±1.00
乳腺DR222222100.00100.007.32±3.50
数字减影血管造影机35343497.1497.148.23±3.36
医用直线加速器353535100.00100.008.40±3.00
总计42540841496.0097.418.28±3.50
), ArticleFig(id=1241821859956724580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同类型的放射诊疗设备监测情况和使用时长

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
放射诊疗设备类型监测数量(台)初检合格数量(台)复检合格数量(台)初检合格率(%)复检合格率(%)使用时长(,年)
DR13312312892.4896.248.66±3.40
钴-60远距离治疗机54480.0080.0013.0±4.00
CR111100.00100.0020.00±0
CT88858696.5997.737.28±3.00
PET/CT333100.00100.006.33±2.08
SPECT555100.00100.008.40±2.07
X射线透视设备40393997.5097.509.45±4.13
后装治疗机555100.00100.009.20±5.26
牙科设备49484897.9697.967.76±3.54
屛片X射线摄影设备111100.00100.0010.00±0
头部伽玛刀333100.00100.007.00±1.00
乳腺DR222222100.00100.007.32±3.50
数字减影血管造影机35343497.1497.148.23±3.36
医用直线加速器353535100.00100.008.40±3.00
总计42540841496.0097.418.28±3.50
), ArticleFig(id=1241821863454774129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Configuration of radiological personal protection supplies among different grades of medical institutions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
放射防护用品医疗机构等级总计
三级二级一级未评级
放射诊断铅橡胶围裙2 930(1.05)2 097(1.07)1 817(1.20)2 545(1.20)9 389(1.12)
铅橡胶颈套3 411(1.22)2 286(1.17)1 701(1.13)2 550(1.20)9 948(1.19)
铅橡胶手套632(0.23)1 051(0.54)1 268(0.84)1 520(0.72)4 471(0.53)
铅防护眼镜1 440(0.51)1 350(0.69)1 294(0.86)1 668(0.79)5 752(0.69)
铅橡胶围屏风572(0.20)346(0.18)528(0.35)548(0.26)1 994(0.24)
铅橡胶帽子3 367(1.20)1 943(0.99)1 574(1.04)2 282(1.07)9 166(1.09)
核医学其他防护用品188(3.03)6(1.50)13(13.00)33(8.25)240(3.38)
铅橡胶手套85(1.37)11(2.75)1(1.00)1(0.25)98(1.38)
铅橡胶颈套177(2.85)23(5.75)1(1.00)19(4.75)220(3.10)
铅橡胶围裙182(2.94)13(3.25)1(1.00)10(2.50)206(2.90)
铅防护眼镜133(2.15)8(2.00)1(1.00)9(2.25)151(2.13)
铅橡胶帽子134(2.16)19(4.75)1(1.00)17(4.25)171(2.41)
介入放射学铅防护眼镜924(2.87)164(2.25)0(0.00)17(2.83)1 105(2.76)
铅橡胶帽子1 262(3.92)219(3.00)0(0.00)15(2.50)1 496(3.73)
铅橡胶围裙1547(4.80)253(3.47)0(0.00)17(2.83)1 817(4.53)
铅橡胶颈套1 853(5.75)263(3.60)0(0.00)21(3.50)2 137(5.33)
铅橡胶手套397(1.23)106(1.45)0(0.00)13(2.17)516(1.29)
), ArticleFig(id=1241821863588991862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同等级医疗机构个人防护用品配备情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
放射防护用品医疗机构等级总计
三级二级一级未评级
放射诊断铅橡胶围裙2 930(1.05)2 097(1.07)1 817(1.20)2 545(1.20)9 389(1.12)
铅橡胶颈套3 411(1.22)2 286(1.17)1 701(1.13)2 550(1.20)9 948(1.19)
铅橡胶手套632(0.23)1 051(0.54)1 268(0.84)1 520(0.72)4 471(0.53)
铅防护眼镜1 440(0.51)1 350(0.69)1 294(0.86)1 668(0.79)5 752(0.69)
铅橡胶围屏风572(0.20)346(0.18)528(0.35)548(0.26)1 994(0.24)
铅橡胶帽子3 367(1.20)1 943(0.99)1 574(1.04)2 282(1.07)9 166(1.09)
核医学其他防护用品188(3.03)6(1.50)13(13.00)33(8.25)240(3.38)
铅橡胶手套85(1.37)11(2.75)1(1.00)1(0.25)98(1.38)
铅橡胶颈套177(2.85)23(5.75)1(1.00)19(4.75)220(3.10)
铅橡胶围裙182(2.94)13(3.25)1(1.00)10(2.50)206(2.90)
铅防护眼镜133(2.15)8(2.00)1(1.00)9(2.25)151(2.13)
铅橡胶帽子134(2.16)19(4.75)1(1.00)17(4.25)171(2.41)
介入放射学铅防护眼镜924(2.87)164(2.25)0(0.00)17(2.83)1 105(2.76)
铅橡胶帽子1 262(3.92)219(3.00)0(0.00)15(2.50)1 496(3.73)
铅橡胶围裙1547(4.80)253(3.47)0(0.00)17(2.83)1 817(4.53)
铅橡胶颈套1 853(5.75)263(3.60)0(0.00)21(3.50)2 137(5.33)
铅橡胶手套397(1.23)106(1.45)0(0.00)13(2.17)516(1.29)
), ArticleFig(id=1241821863731598210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Comparison of medical radiation in 2014 and 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
医疗辐射防护情况2014年2023年
放射诊疗医疗机构(家)2 6963 424
放射工作人员数(人)9 03831 763
放射诊疗频次(万人次)1 5804 988.97
放射诊疗设备数(台)3 6959 056
放射诊疗设备使用时长(年)>1024.7020.20
分布(年,%)5~1062.1027.80
<513.2050.60
), ArticleFig(id=1241821863878398855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676527012729724, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

2014与2023年医疗辐射防护情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
医疗辐射防护情况2014年2023年
放射诊疗医疗机构(家)2 6963 424
放射工作人员数(人)9 03831 763
放射诊疗频次(万人次)1 5804 988.97
放射诊疗设备数(台)3 6959 056
放射诊疗设备使用时长(年)>1024.7020.20
分布(年,%)5~1062.1027.80
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四川省医疗机构辐射防护现状调查
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邓屹然 1 , 余小平 2 , 朱朝晖 3, 4 , 刘德明 3, 4 , 马桥 3, 4
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(21): 3854-3860
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(21): 3854-3860
四川省医疗机构辐射防护现状调查
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邓屹然1, 余小平2, 朱朝晖3, 4, 刘德明3, 4, 马桥3, 4
作者信息
  • 1.成都医学院公共卫生学院,四川 成都 610500
  • 2.成都大学基础医学院
  • 3.四川省疾病预防控制中心职业与辐射卫生所四川 成都 610041
  • 4.四川省放射卫生质量控制中心四川 成都 610041
  • 邓屹然(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

通讯作者:

马桥,E-mail:
Investigation on radiation protection status in medical institutions in Sichuan Province
Yi-ran DENG1, Xiao-ping YU2, Zhao-hui ZHU3, 4, De-ming LIU3, 4, Qiao MA3, 4
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
出版时间: 2024-11-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407117
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目的

调查四川省医疗机构辐射防护现状,为实施省内放射诊疗防护科学管理和资源优化提供参考依据。

方法

采用问卷调查法对四川省21个市(州)开展放射诊疗活动(不含牙科诊所)的医疗机构进行调查分析。

结果

截至2023年底,四川省内开展放射诊疗的医疗机构3 424家,其中三级医疗机构280家(8.18%),二级医疗机构647家(18.90%),一级医疗机构1 104家(32.24%),未评级医疗机构1 393家(40.68%)。从事放射工作人员共31 763人。全省共有放射诊疗设备9 056台,三级医疗机构3 346台(36.95%),二级医疗机构2 057台(22.71%),一级医疗机构1 510台(16.67%),未评级医疗机构2 143台(23.67%),哨点医院设备初检合格率达96.00%,复检合格率达97.41%,其中使用10年以上占24.70%,5 ~10年占62.10%,5年以下占13.20%。年放射诊疗总量4 988.97万人次。省内放射个人防护用品48 877件,核医学与介入放射学的防护个人用品配置平均每台设备大于13件。与2014年相比,四川省开展放射诊疗机构的数量增长率27%,放射工作人员增长率251%,开展放射诊疗频次增长率215%。

结论

放射设备更新较慢,使用时长大部分集中在5~10年,医疗机构应提高维护监测意识;各级医疗机构在放射诊断防护用品数量上均满足要求,在介入放射和核医学项目中配置的放射防护用品充足;放射诊疗频次增多,建议有关部门进一步加强放射设备防护监测,提升医疗机构放射诊疗水平,安全开展放射诊疗活动。

医用辐射  /  辐射防护  /  辐射卫生
Objective

To investigate the current status of radiation protection in medical institutions in Sichuan Province, providing a reference for the scientific management and resource optimization of radiation diagnosis and treatment protection within the province.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze medical institutions engaged in radiation diagnosis and treatment activities (excluding dental clinics) across 21 cities (prefectures) in Sichuan Province.

Results

By the end of 2023, there were 3 424 medical institutions in Sichuan Province conducting radiation diagnosis and treatment, including 280 tertiary institutions (8.18%), 647 secondary institutions (18.90%), 1 104 primary institutions (32.24%), and 1 393 unclassified institutions (40.68%). A total of 31 763 radiation workers were employed. The province had 9 056 radiation diagnosis and treatment devices, with 3 346 in tertiary institutions (36.95%), 2 057 in secondary institutions (22.71%), 1 510 in primary institutions (16.67%), and 2 143 in unclassified institutions (23.67%). The pass rate for initial inspections of sentinel hospital equipment was 96.00%, while the re-inspection pass rate was 97.41%. Devices over 10 years old accounted for 24.70%, those between 5 to 10 years for 62.10%, and those under 5 years for 13.20%. The annual total of radiation diagnosis and treatment visits reached 49.8 897 million. The province had 48 877 pieces of personal protective equipment for radiation, with an average of more than 13 protective items per device in nuclear medicine and interventional radiology. Compared to 2014, the number of institutions conducting radiation diagnosis and treatment increased by 27%, the number of radiation workers grew by 251%, and the frequency of radiation diagnosis and treatment activities rose by 215%.

Conclusion

The update of radiation equipment is slow, with most devices in use for 5 to 10 years, indicating a need for improved maintenance and monitoring awareness among medical institutions. All levels of medical institutions meet the requirements for the quantity of radiation protection supplies, and there is sufficient provision of protective items in interventional radiology and nuclear medicine projects. Given the increasing frequency of radiation diagnosis and treatment, it is recommended that relevant departments strengthen monitoring of radiation equipment protection to enhance the level of radiation diagnosis and treatment in medical institutions and ensure safe practices in these activities.

Medical radiation  /  Radiation protection  /  Radiation health
邓屹然, 余小平, 朱朝晖, 刘德明, 马桥. 四川省医疗机构辐射防护现状调查. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (21) : 3854 -3860 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407117
Yi-ran DENG, Xiao-ping YU, Zhao-hui ZHU, De-ming LIU, Qiao MA. Investigation on radiation protection status in medical institutions in Sichuan Province[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (21) : 3854 -3860 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407117
随着经济与医疗技术的发展,放射诊疗项目在临床诊断中应用颇多。近年来,开展放射诊疗机构与医疗放射设备数量迅速上升,为保障居民健康和诊疗工作顺利开展,有关部门对医用辐射防护安全检测越加重视。距上一次四川省医疗机构医用辐射相关文献的发表已近10年,且现已发表的文献中对四川省医用辐射防护调查分析较少[1-3],为掌握目前我省医疗机构辐射防护现状,现对四川省医疗机构辐射防护进行监测分析。本次研究将公布2023年四川省开展放射诊疗机构基本情况,并与2014年四川省放射诊疗调查的文献数据进行对比分析,及时为有关部门掌握省内放射诊疗项目开展、设备情况和发展趋势,进一步优化放射资源可及性,促进放射诊疗工作高质量发展提供切实数据支持。
依据“四川省2023年医疗卫生机构医用辐射防护监测工作方案”,调查四川省辖区内开展放射诊疗活动的机构(不含各类牙科诊所)基本情况。
根据《放射诊疗管理规定》[4],制定统一调查表,调查内容包括医疗机构级别、开展放射诊疗活动范围、放射诊疗设备数量、辐射防护用品种类和数量、以及诊疗人次等。调查时间截至2023年12月,采取问卷调查和现场监测相结合的方式,实施现场监测工作人员及医疗机构填报人员经统一培训后进行数据的录入,以保证数据的准确性。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。计数资料两组比较采用独立样本t检验,多组比较采用单因素方差分析,计数资料采用χ2检验。检验水准α=0.05。
按放射诊疗类别划分,省内开展放射诊断项目的医疗机构(不含牙科诊所)3 422家,放射治疗项目的医疗机构101家,核医学项目的医疗机构51家,介入放射学项目的医疗机构223家。按照医疗机构级别划分可知,开展放射诊疗项目的三级医疗机构280家(8.18%),二级医疗机构647家(18.90%),一级医疗机构1 104家(32.24%),未评级医疗机构1 393家(40.68%)。一级医疗机构和未评级医疗机构数量相对较多,但开展的放射诊疗项目类型单一。三级医疗机构承担了绝大部分放射治疗、核医学和介入放射学工作,机构数分别为79家(78.22%)、42家(82.35%)、168家(75.34%),见表1。这提示了四川地区可开展放射诊疗项目的医疗机构中以一级及未评级医疗机构数量较多,但开展放射治疗、核医学和介入放射学项目的医疗机构大部分由三级医疗机构承担。
省内从事放射工作人员共31 763人,从事放射诊断工作人员22 694人,男性13 274人(58.49%),女性9 420人(41.51%);从事放射治疗工作人员1 812人,男性953人(52.59%),女性859人(47.41%);从事核医学工作人员591人,男性257人(43.49%),女性334人(56.51%);从事介入放射学工作人员6 666人,男性4 248人(63.73%),女性2 418人(36.27%)。性别方面分析提示不同放射诊疗项目人员之间的男女性别比例均存在显著差异,核医学工作人员男女比例中女性人员更多,不同于其他放射诊疗项目人员,见表2。根据不同等级医疗机构工作人员分布显示,三级医疗机构的放射工作人员明显高于其他各级医疗机构,两两比较显示,一级和未评级医疗机构在从事各类放射工作人员数之间没有差异(P>0.05);二级医疗机构从事核医学的工作人员与一级和未评级医疗机构无统计学差异(P>0.05),见表3
年放射诊疗总量4 988.97万人次,常规X射线诊断2 460.70万人次,CT诊断2 243.79万人次,X射线诊断其他212.15万人次,介入治疗32.82万人次,放射治疗25.70万人,核医学诊断11.70万人次,核医学治疗2.11万人,见图1
省内共有放射诊疗设备9 056台,按照不同等级医疗机构划分,三级医疗机构3 346台(36.95%),二级医疗机构2 057台(22.71%),一级医疗机构1 510台(16.67%),未评级医疗机构2 143台(23.67%),分析提示三级医疗机构的放射设备数明显高于其他各级医疗机构,两两比较显示,二级医疗机构的核医学设备数量与一级和未评级医疗机构无统计学差异(P>0.05),见表4。对哨点医院放射诊疗设备监测,每类设备至少监测1台并调查使用时长,监测显示初检合格率达96.00%,复检合格率达97.41%;两次监测中,放射治疗设备合格率达97.92%、核医学设备合格率达100%,见表5。设备使用10年以上105台( 24.70% ),5 ~ 10年264台(62.10%),5年以下56台(13.20%)。
省内放射个人防护用品48 877件,三级医疗机构的放射个人防护用品数量19 234件,二级医疗机构的放射个人防护用品数量10 158件,一级医疗机构的放射个人防护用品数量8 200件,未评级医疗机构的放射个人防护用品数量11 285件,分析提示三级医疗机构的放射防护用品数量上显著高于其余等级的医疗机构。根据不同等级医疗机构的放射诊疗设备数目,提示配备的个人防护用品平均数量最多的是介入放射学的铅橡胶围裙和铅橡胶颈套,放射诊断的铅橡胶围屏风配备最少。见表6
对比四川省2014年的医疗机构辐射防护调查文献[1],开展放射诊疗机构的数量增长率27%,放射工作人员增长率251%,开展放射诊疗频次增长率215%,2014年调查的3 643台设备中,使用10年以上占20.20%,5 ~ 10年占27.80%,5年以下占50.60%。见表7
本次调查分析提示,四川省开展放射治疗、核医学、介入放射学诊疗项目的医疗机构以三级医疗机构为主,分别为79(78.22%)、42(82.35%)和168家(75.34%),一级及未评级医疗机构开展的放射诊疗项目较单一,主要为放射诊疗;放射诊疗设备以及放射工作人员的数量分布也以三级医疗机构较多,显著大于其他等级医疗机构,不同放射工作人员之间的男女性别比例均存在显著差异,核医学工作人员男女比例中女性人员更多,不同于其他放射诊疗项目人员,考虑为核医学操作过程中药物注射人员大多为护理人员。同属西南地区的云南省放射设备和工作人员也呈现了集中分布于三级医疗机构的现象[5]。原因可能是受经济因素和地理位置影响,三级医疗机构开展诊疗项目范围较广,更多的患者也倾向于三级医疗机构就诊,三级医疗机构对放射设备和人员的需求随之增高,使三级医疗机构的设备与人员数量都更有优势,相关部门可考虑优化二级医疗机构放射资源可及性,提升其服务能力,缓解三级医疗机构就诊压力。
由于潜在医学辐射暴露风险会对身体健康产生不良影响,因此个人防护用品配置十分重要,根据《放射诊断放射防护要求》和《核医学放射防护要求》中对个人放射防护用品的配置做了规定[6-7],规定单台放射诊断类设备需至少配备3件防护用品、单台核医学类设备需至少配4件防护用品,单台介入放射学类设备需至少配5件防护用品,各级医疗机构在放射诊断防护用品数量上均满足要求,在介入放射和核医学项目中配置的放射防护用品充足。
放射设备的合格率与使用时长都与诊疗结果息息相关,最终影响医疗进程[8-9]。从本次哨点医院放射诊疗设备情况分析,初检与复检合格率均在96.00%以上,显示设备情况良好,复检较初检合格率有提高,因此未来诊疗工作需定期开展设备监测,加大监督力度,提高机构维护监测意识,保障居民及工作人员安全,保证诊疗活动平稳开展[10]。大部分设备使用年限集中在5 ~ 10年(62.10%),与2014年的调查结果相比较,设备更新较慢,这可能与经济因素和监测意识相关[11-12]。相关部门今后可加强放射诊疗设备的质控检查,以保证设备安全运行,加强放射诊疗工作质量,提升医疗机构放射诊疗水平。
对比2014年的省内医疗辐射防护情况,开展放射诊疗频次增长率215%,国内外放射诊疗分析及预测中也呈现了需求量增加的趋势[13-18]。这提示随着经济发展和人民对健康重视,人民对于放射诊疗项目的需求增多,相关部门可加强医疗机构放射防护监测力度,提高工作人员的业务水平,满足省内人民健康需要,保证放射治疗工作顺利开展。随着四川省牙科诊所数量日渐增多,下一步研究也将纳入牙科诊所的基本情况调查。
  • 四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFSC0655)
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2024年第51卷第21期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407117
  • 接收时间:2024-07-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-11-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-10
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四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFSC0655)
作者信息
    1.成都医学院公共卫生学院,四川 成都 610500
    2.成都大学基础医学院
    3.四川省疾病预防控制中心职业与辐射卫生所四川 成都 610041
    4.四川省放射卫生质量控制中心四川 成都 610041

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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