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Article(id=1241676526639444401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407295, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721145600000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968353185, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1731168000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968353185, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968353185, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968353185, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241676522256388920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='21', pageStart='3841', pageEnd='4032', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968352140, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968629818, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3860, endPage=3867, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241676527880958447, articleId=1241676526639444401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Study on the physical exercise of urban and rural residents in Henan Province and its correlation with depression, anxiety disorders, and insomnia, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the physical exercise habits of urban and rural residents in Henan Province and their association with depression, anxiety disorders, and insomnia.

Methods

A stratified multi-stage random sampling method was employed to survey residents aged 18 and older in urban and rural areas of Henan Province. Data on demographic characteristics, physical exercise, and mental health status were collected using questionnaires and screening scales. Subsequent diagnosis of mental disorders was performed on individuals screened out by the scales, and analyses were conducted using χ2 tests and logistic regression.

Results

(1) Among 10 057 urban and rural residents, the proportions of individuals engaging in minimal, low, moderate, and high levels of exercise were 46.8%, 21.1%, 26.1%, and 6.0%, respectively. Statistically significant differences in exercise levels were observed across various demographics, including region, gender, age, education level, occupation, marital status, monthly income, smoking habits, drinking habits, health status, and mental health literacy (P<0.05). (2) Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that, after adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, and health status, participants engaging in moderate exercise had a lower risk of depression (OR=0.670, 95%CI: 0.470-0.954) and insomnia (OR=0.758, 95%CI: 0.651-0.883) compared to those who did not exercise. (3) Logistic regression results among different demographic groups showed that participants engaging in moderate exercise had a lower risk of insomnia in urban (OR=0.674,95%CI: 0.446-0.987), rural (OR=0.664, 95%CI: 0.547-0.805), male (OR=0.744, 95%CI: 0.592-0.935), and 18-35 age groups (OR=0.514, 95%CI: 0.313-0.842). In the female population, those engaging in moderate exercise had a lower risk of depression (OR=0.296, 95%CI: 0.171-0.512) and anxiety disorders (OR=0.613, 95%CI: 0.432-0.870) compared to non-exercisers. Additionally, compared to non-exercisers, participants with small (OR=0.774, 95%CI: 0.627-0.955), moderate (OR=0.682, 95%CI:0.56-0.827), and high levels of exercise (OR=0.542, 95%CI: 0.367-0.800) had lower risks of insomnia. Among the 36-59 and ≥60 age groups, participants engaging in moderate exercise had a lower risk of depression (OR=0.621, 95%CI: 0.374-0.932; OR=0.502, 95%CI: 0.284-0.887), anxiety disorders (OR=0.665, 95%CI: 0.460-0.960; OR=0.737, 95%CI: 0.582-0.925), and insomnia (OR=0.674, 95%CI: 0.545-0.833; OR=0.625, 95%CI: 0.482-0.812).

Conclusion

There are significant differences in physical exercise levels among different demographic groups. Participants engaging in moderate exercise have a lower risk of depression and insomnia, with a more pronounced correlation between physical exercise and mental disorders observed in females and older adults.

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目的

分析河南省城乡居民体育锻炼情况及与抑郁症、焦虑障碍、失眠症的关联。

方法

采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法在河南省抽取18岁及以上城乡常住居民开展相关调查，采用问卷和筛查量表收集研究对象人口学特征、体育锻炼及心理健康状况等信息，并对量表筛查出的患者进行精神障碍诊断，通过χ2检验、logistic回归进行分析。

结果

10 057名城乡居民中基本不锻炼、小锻炼量、中等锻炼量、大锻炼量者分别占46.8%、21.1%、26.1%和6.0%，不同地区、性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、婚姻状况、个人与家庭月收入、吸烟习惯、饮酒习惯、健康状况和心理健康素养的城乡居民体育锻炼量分布差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，调整人口学特征、生活习惯及健康状况等因素后，与基本不锻炼相比，中等体育锻炼量的参与对象患有抑郁症（OR=0.670，95%CI：0.470～0.954）和失眠症（OR=0.758，95%CI：0.651～0.883）的风险更低。不同人口学特征中的logistic回归分析结果显示，在城市人群（OR=0.674，95%CI：0.446～0.987）、农村人群（OR=0.664，95%CI：0.547～0.805）、男性人群（OR=0.744，95%CI：0.592～0.935）和18～35岁人群（OR=0.514，95%CI：0.313～0.842）中，中等锻炼量参与对象患有失眠症的风险更低。在女性人群中，中等锻炼量参与对象患有抑郁症（OR=0.296，95%CI：0.171～0.512）、焦虑障碍（OR=0.613，95%CI：0.432～0.870）的风险低于基本不锻炼人群；此外与基本不锻炼相比，小锻炼量（OR=0774，95%CI：0.627～0.955）、中等锻炼量（OR=0.682，95%CI：0.562～0.827）和大锻炼量（OR=0.542，95%CI：0.367～0.800）的参与对象患有失眠症的风险均较低。在36～59岁人群及≥60岁人群中，中等锻炼量参与对象抑郁症（OR=0.621，95%CI：0.374～0.932；OR=0.502，95%CI：0.284～0.887）、焦虑障碍（OR=0.665，95%CI：0.460～0.960；OR=0.737，95%CI：0.582～0.925）、失眠症（OR=0.674，95%CI：0.545～0.833；OR=0.625，95%CI：0.482～0.812）的患病风险均更低。

结论

体育锻炼量在不同人口学特征人群中的差异较大；中等锻炼量参与者患抑郁症和失眠症的风险更低；在女性人群和中老年人群中体育锻炼与精神障碍的相关性更为显著。

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王传升，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=WBQN7pPv0rXaf53VYPiC8g==, magXml=evyg526Wa2jUaUkLj/83gg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=P7PVT0OxJ7Q7fCOYdYqMWw==, pdfFileSize=732801, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=tQoBqTAQHia+pOZe653jVg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王玉杰（1991—），女，硕士，主治医师，研究方向：社区严重精神障碍防治研究

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王玉杰（1991—），女，硕士，主治医师，研究方向：社区严重精神障碍防治研究

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王玉杰（1991—），女，硕士，主治医师，研究方向：社区严重精神障碍防治研究

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Journal of Aging and Health, 2019, 31(6):989-1001., articleTitle=Organized social activity, physical exercise, and the risk of insomnia symptoms among Community-Dwelling older adults, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241821867443556365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676526639444401, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=32, issue=6, pageStart=842, pageEnd=848, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=25, authorNames=夏祺飞, 覃国友, 吴可, journalName=中国健康心理学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=夏祺飞， 覃国友， 吴可.体育锻炼参与对老年人日常生活能力的影响机制[J].中国健康心理学杂志，2024，32（6）：842-848., articleTitle=体育锻炼参与对老年人日常生活能力的影响机制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241821867615522842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676526639444401, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=32, issue=6, pageStart=842, pageEnd=848, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Xia QF, Qin GY, Wu K, journalName=China Journal of Health Psychology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xia QF, Qin GY, Wu K. Mechanism of the influence of physical exercise participation on the daily living ability of the elderly[J]. China Journal of Health Psychology, 2024, 32(6): 842-848.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Mechanism of the influence of physical exercise participation on the daily living ability of the elderly, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241821867749740578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676526639444401, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=40, issue=6, pageStart=103, pageEnd=108, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=27, authorNames=马爱民, 颜军, 傅建, journalName=唐山师范学院学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马爱民，颜军，傅建，等.体育锻炼促进心理健康的心理机制研究[J].唐山师范学院学报，2018，40（6）：103-108., articleTitle=体育锻炼促进心理健康的心理机制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241821867896541226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676526639444401, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=40, issue=6, pageStart=103, pageEnd=108, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Ma AM, Yan J, Fu J, journalName=Journal of Tangshan Teachers College, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ma AM, Yan J, Fu J, et al. Study on the psychological mechanism of physical exercise to promote mental health of freshmen[J]. Journal of Tangshan Teachers College, 2018, 40(6): 103-108.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Study on the psychological mechanism of physical exercise to promote mental health of freshmen, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241821858740376347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676526639444401, awardId=LHGJ20230537, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目(LHGJ20230537), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241821850729255334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676526639444401, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821850737643943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676526639444401, companyId=1241821850729255334, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Provincial Psychiatric Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan 453002,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821850746032552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676526639444401, companyId=1241821850729255334, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=新乡医学院第二附属医院 河南省精神病医院，河南 新乡 453002)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241821857578554060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676526639444401, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Distribution of physical exercise among different populations [n (%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数基本不锻炼小锻炼量中等锻炼量大锻炼量P值
地区
城市5 0272 101（41.8）1 183（23.5）1 369（27.2）374（7.4）<0.001
农村5 0302 605（51.8）939（18.7）1 254（24.9）232（4.6）
性别
男4 8762 303（47.2）1 024（21.0）1 220（25.0）329（6.7）0.005
女5 1812 403（46.4）1 098（21.2）1 403（27.1）277（5.3）
年龄（岁）
18～352 2741 258（55.3）499（21.9）417（18.3）100（4.4）<0.001
36～595 3992 525（46.8）1 156（21.4）1 398（25.9）320（5.9）
≥602 384923（38.7）467（19.6）808（33.9）186（7.8）
受教育程度
初中及以下6 5533 222（49.2）1 376（21.0）1 632（24.9）323（4.9）<0.001
高中/职高/中专1 913824（43.1）445（23.3）507（26.5）137（7.2）
大专910381（41.9）190（20.9）256（28.1）83（9.1）
本科及以上681279（41.0）111（16.3）228（33.5）63（9.3）
婚姻状况
未婚695357（51.4）149（21.4）141（20.3）48（6.9）0.021
已婚8 8594 107（46.4）1 875（21.2）2 349（26.5）528（6.0）
离异/丧偶503242（48.1）98（19.5）133（26.4）30（6.0）
职业
体力型职业7 6283 745（49.1）1 558（20.4）1 918（25.1）407（5.3）<0.001
智力型职业1 537686（44.6）363（23.6）378（24.6）110（7.2）
离退休或无业892275（30.8）201（22.5）327（36.7）89（10.0）
个人月收入（元）
≤2 9997 5003 536（47.1）1 535（20.5）1 988（26.5）441（5.9）0.013
3 000～4 9991 892847（44.8）440（23.3）471（24.9）134（7.1）
≥5 000665323（48.6）147（22.1）164（24.7）31（4.7）
家庭月收入（元）
≤5 9996 1322 962（48.3）1 243（20.3）1 599（26.1）328（5.3）<0.001
6 000～9 9992 039937（46.0）458（22.5）519（25.5）125（6.1）
10 000～14 999778356（45.8）156（20.1）204（26.2）62（8.0）
≥15 0001 108451（40.7）265（23.9）301（27.2）91（8.2）
吸烟
否2 3923 538（46.2）1 612（21.0）2 071（27.0）444（5.8）0.001
是7 6651 168（48.8）510（21.3）552（23.1）162（6.8）
饮酒
否1 0674 210（46.8）1 899（21.1）2 367（26.3）514（5.7）0.002
是8 990496（46.5）223（20.9）256（24.0）92（8.6）
慢性病
无6 9253 433（49.6）1 470（21.2）1 652（23.9）370（5.3）<0.001
有3 1321 273（40.6）652（20.8）971（31.0）236（7.5）
自评健康状况
较好6 3432 946（46.4）1 324（20.9）1 679（26.5）394（6.2）0.041
一般3 1631 468（46.4）698（22.1）820（25.9）177（5.6）
较差551292（53.0）100（18.1）124（22.5）35（6.4）
心理健康素养
达标927394（42.5）202（21.8）285（30.7）46（5.0）0.002
不达标9 1304 312（47.2）1 920（21.0）2 338（25.6）560（6.1）
抑郁症
否9 8284 576（46.6）2 078（21.1）2 577（26.2）597（6.1）0.016
是229130（56.8）44（19.2）46（20.1）9（3.9）
焦虑障碍
否9 6454 500（46.7）2 021（21.0）2 537（26.3）587（6.1）0.027
是412206（50.0）101（24.5）86（20.9）19（4.6）
失眠症
否8 6654 010（46.3）1 825（21.1）2 291（26.4）539（6.2）0.014
是1 392696（50.0）297（21.3）332（23.9）67（4.8）
), ArticleFig(id=1241821857750520537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676526639444401, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

体育锻炼在不同特征人群中的分布情况[n（%）]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数基本不锻炼小锻炼量中等锻炼量大锻炼量P值
地区
城市5 0272 101（41.8）1 183（23.5）1 369（27.2）374（7.4）<0.001
农村5 0302 605（51.8）939（18.7）1 254（24.9）232（4.6）
性别
男4 8762 303（47.2）1 024（21.0）1 220（25.0）329（6.7）0.005
女5 1812 403（46.4）1 098（21.2）1 403（27.1）277（5.3）
年龄（岁）
18～352 2741 258（55.3）499（21.9）417（18.3）100（4.4）<0.001
36～595 3992 525（46.8）1 156（21.4）1 398（25.9）320（5.9）
≥602 384923（38.7）467（19.6）808（33.9）186（7.8）
受教育程度
初中及以下6 5533 222（49.2）1 376（21.0）1 632（24.9）323（4.9）<0.001
高中/职高/中专1 913824（43.1）445（23.3）507（26.5）137（7.2）
大专910381（41.9）190（20.9）256（28.1）83（9.1）
本科及以上681279（41.0）111（16.3）228（33.5）63（9.3）
婚姻状况
未婚695357（51.4）149（21.4）141（20.3）48（6.9）0.021
已婚8 8594 107（46.4）1 875（21.2）2 349（26.5）528（6.0）
离异/丧偶503242（48.1）98（19.5）133（26.4）30（6.0）
职业
体力型职业7 6283 745（49.1）1 558（20.4）1 918（25.1）407（5.3）<0.001
智力型职业1 537686（44.6）363（23.6）378（24.6）110（7.2）
离退休或无业892275（30.8）201（22.5）327（36.7）89（10.0）
个人月收入（元）
≤2 9997 5003 536（47.1）1 535（20.5）1 988（26.5）441（5.9）0.013
3 000～4 9991 892847（44.8）440（23.3）471（24.9）134（7.1）
≥5 000665323（48.6）147（22.1）164（24.7）31（4.7）
家庭月收入（元）
≤5 9996 1322 962（48.3）1 243（20.3）1 599（26.1）328（5.3）<0.001
6 000～9 9992 039937（46.0）458（22.5）519（25.5）125（6.1）
10 000～14 999778356（45.8）156（20.1）204（26.2）62（8.0）
≥15 0001 108451（40.7）265（23.9）301（27.2）91（8.2）
吸烟
否2 3923 538（46.2）1 612（21.0）2 071（27.0）444（5.8）0.001
是7 6651 168（48.8）510（21.3）552（23.1）162（6.8）
饮酒
否1 0674 210（46.8）1 899（21.1）2 367（26.3）514（5.7）0.002
是8 990496（46.5）223（20.9）256（24.0）92（8.6）
慢性病
无6 9253 433（49.6）1 470（21.2）1 652（23.9）370（5.3）<0.001
有3 1321 273（40.6）652（20.8）971（31.0）236（7.5）
自评健康状况
较好6 3432 946（46.4）1 324（20.9）1 679（26.5）394（6.2）0.041
一般3 1631 468（46.4）698（22.1）820（25.9）177（5.6）
较差551292（53.0）100（18.1）124（22.5）35（6.4）
心理健康素养
达标927394（42.5）202（21.8）285（30.7）46（5.0）0.002
不达标9 1304 312（47.2）1 920（21.0）2 338（25.6）560（6.1）
抑郁症
否9 8284 576（46.6）2 078（21.1）2 577（26.2）597（6.1）0.016
是229130（56.8）44（19.2）46（20.1）9（3.9）
焦虑障碍
否9 6454 500（46.7）2 021（21.0）2 537（26.3）587（6.1）0.027
是412206（50.0）101（24.5）86（20.9）19（4.6）
失眠症
否8 6654 010（46.3）1 825（21.1）2 291（26.4）539（6.2）0.014
是1 392696（50.0）297（21.3）332（23.9）67（4.8）
), ArticleFig(id=1241821857901515491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676526639444401, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of logistic regression analysis of the relationship between different amount of physical exercise and depression, anxiety disorder and insomnia

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量不同体育锻炼量［OR（95%CI）］
基本不锻炼小锻炼量中等锻炼量大锻炼量
抑郁症
模型110.734（0.481～1.051）0.579（0.411～0.816）*0.491（0.248～0.972）*
模型210.789（0.556～1.121）0.590（0.416～0.837）*0.545（0.273～1.090）
模型310.794（0.555～1.135）0.670（0.470～0.954）*0.553（0.274～1.114）
焦虑障碍
模型111.067（0.836～1.363）0.773（0.570～0.972）*0.652（0.404～1.503）
模型211.105（0.863～1.415）0.766（0.587～1.002）0.651（0.400～1.058）
模型311.150（0.893～1.482）0.743（0.568～1.072）0.662（0.404～1.086）
失眠症
模型110.899（0.774～1.043）0.700（0.606～0.809）*0.611（0.466～1.102）
模型210.946（0.813～1.100）0.712（0.615～0.825）*0.640（0.486～1.241）
模型310.955（0.816～1.118）0.758（0.651～0.883）*0.641（0.482～1.252）
), ArticleFig(id=1241821858018956015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676526639444401, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同体育锻炼量与抑郁症、焦虑障碍、失眠症的logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量不同体育锻炼量［OR（95%CI）］
基本不锻炼小锻炼量中等锻炼量大锻炼量
抑郁症
模型110.734（0.481～1.051）0.579（0.411～0.816）*0.491（0.248～0.972）*
模型210.789（0.556～1.121）0.590（0.416～0.837）*0.545（0.273～1.090）
模型310.794（0.555～1.135）0.670（0.470～0.954）*0.553（0.274～1.114）
焦虑障碍
模型111.067（0.836～1.363）0.773（0.570～0.972）*0.652（0.404～1.503）
模型211.105（0.863～1.415）0.766（0.587～1.002）0.651（0.400～1.058）
模型311.150（0.893～1.482）0.743（0.568～1.072）0.662（0.404～1.086）
失眠症
模型110.899（0.774～1.043）0.700（0.606～0.809）*0.611（0.466～1.102）
模型210.946（0.813～1.100）0.712（0.615～0.825）*0.640（0.486～1.241）
模型310.955（0.816～1.118）0.758（0.651～0.883）*0.641（0.482～1.252）
), ArticleFig(id=1241821858195116797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676526639444401, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of logistic regression analysis of the relationship between different amount of physical exercise and depression, anxiety disorder and insomnia among different populations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征变量不同体育锻炼量［OR（95%CI）］
基本不锻炼小锻炼量中等锻炼量大锻炼量
城市抑郁症10.741（0.420～1.306）0.674（0.389～1.018）0.465（0.163～1.325）
焦虑障碍11.414（0.978～2.045）0.720（0.469～1.104）0.619（0.292～1.309）
失眠症11.029（0.817～1.297）0.664（0.446～0.987）*0.823（0.653～1.037）
农村抑郁症10.765（0.490～1.196）0.518（0.330～0.814）*0.546（0.218～1.364）
焦虑障碍10.889（0.630～1.256）0.773（0.484～1.038）0.748（0.395～1.415）
失眠症10.878（0.714～1.080）0.664（0.547～0.805）*0.659（0.447～0.973）*
男性抑郁症11.148（0.694～1.901）1.106（0.690～1.775）0.559（0.198～1.576）
焦虑障碍11.201（0.834～1.730）0.735（0.496～1.089）0.579（0.276～1.215）
失眠症11.155（0.924～1.443）0.744（0.592～0.935）*0.736（0.497～1.089）
女性抑郁症10.526（0.319～0.866）0.296（0.171～0.512）*0.463（0.184～1.166）
焦虑障碍11.000（0.712～1.403）0.613（0.432～0.870）*0.699（0.368～1.328）
失眠症10.774（0.627～0.955）*0.682（0.562～0.827）*0.542（0.367～0.800）*
18～35岁抑郁症10.690（0.311～1.530）0.668（0.288～1.551）0.823（0.189～3.580）
焦虑障碍11.515（0.879～2.611）0.458（0.190～1.100）0.597（0.140～2.543）
失眠症10.906（0.619～1.326）0.514（0.313～0.842）*0.674（0.286～1.590）
36～59岁抑郁症10.886（0.541～1.450）0.621（0.374～0.932）*0.661（0.263～1.008）
焦虑障碍11.198（0.857～1.674）0.665（0.460～0.960）*0.561（0.270～1.169）
失眠症11.026（0.833～1.263）0.674（0.545～0.833）*0.806（0.558～1.166）
≥60岁抑郁症10.610（0.322～1.157）0.502（0.284～0.887）*0.624（0.339～0.915）*
焦虑障碍10.721（0.434～1.197）0.737（0.582～0.925）*0.841（0.402～1.759）
失眠症10.767（0.576～1.022）0.625（0.482～0.812）*0.963（0.653～1.422）
), ArticleFig(id=1241821858375471879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676526639444401, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同人口学特征体育锻炼量与抑郁症、焦虑障碍、失眠症的logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征变量不同体育锻炼量［OR（95%CI）］
基本不锻炼小锻炼量中等锻炼量大锻炼量
城市抑郁症10.741（0.420～1.306）0.674（0.389～1.018）0.465（0.163～1.325）
焦虑障碍11.414（0.978～2.045）0.720（0.469～1.104）0.619（0.292～1.309）
失眠症11.029（0.817～1.297）0.664（0.446～0.987）*0.823（0.653～1.037）
农村抑郁症10.765（0.490～1.196）0.518（0.330～0.814）*0.546（0.218～1.364）
焦虑障碍10.889（0.630～1.256）0.773（0.484～1.038）0.748（0.395～1.415）
失眠症10.878（0.714～1.080）0.664（0.547～0.805）*0.659（0.447～0.973）*
男性抑郁症11.148（0.694～1.901）1.106（0.690～1.775）0.559（0.198～1.576）
焦虑障碍11.201（0.834～1.730）0.735（0.496～1.089）0.579（0.276～1.215）
失眠症11.155（0.924～1.443）0.744（0.592～0.935）*0.736（0.497～1.089）
女性抑郁症10.526（0.319～0.866）0.296（0.171～0.512）*0.463（0.184～1.166）
焦虑障碍11.000（0.712～1.403）0.613（0.432～0.870）*0.699（0.368～1.328）
失眠症10.774（0.627～0.955）*0.682（0.562～0.827）*0.542（0.367～0.800）*
18～35岁抑郁症10.690（0.311～1.530）0.668（0.288～1.551）0.823（0.189～3.580）
焦虑障碍11.515（0.879～2.611）0.458（0.190～1.100）0.597（0.140～2.543）
失眠症10.906（0.619～1.326）0.514（0.313～0.842）*0.674（0.286～1.590）
36～59岁抑郁症10.886（0.541～1.450）0.621（0.374～0.932）*0.661（0.263～1.008）
焦虑障碍11.198（0.857～1.674）0.665（0.460～0.960）*0.561（0.270～1.169）
失眠症11.026（0.833～1.263）0.674（0.545～0.833）*0.806（0.558～1.166）
≥60岁抑郁症10.610（0.322～1.157）0.502（0.284～0.887）*0.624（0.339～0.915）*
焦虑障碍10.721（0.434～1.197）0.737（0.582～0.925）*0.841（0.402～1.759）
失眠症10.767（0.576～1.022）0.625（0.482～0.812）*0.963（0.653～1.422）
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河南省城乡居民体育锻炼情况及与抑郁症、焦虑障碍、失眠症的相关性研究
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王玉杰 , 董娇 , 郭正军 , 王海岭 , 姚丰菊 , 王传升
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(21): 3860-3867
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(21): 3860-3867
河南省城乡居民体育锻炼情况及与抑郁症、焦虑障碍、失眠症的相关性研究
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王玉杰, 董娇, 郭正军, 王海岭, 姚丰菊, 王传升
作者信息
  • 新乡医学院第二附属医院 河南省精神病医院，河南 新乡 453002

    • 王玉杰（1991—），女，硕士，主治医师，研究方向：社区严重精神障碍防治研究

通讯作者:

王传升，E-mail:
Study on the physical exercise of urban and rural residents in Henan Province and its correlation with depression, anxiety disorders, and insomnia
Yu-jie WANG, Jiao DONG, Zheng-jun GUO, Hai-ling WANG, Feng-ju YAO, Chuan-sheng WANG
Affiliations
  • Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Provincial Psychiatric Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan 453002,China
出版时间: 2024-11-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407295
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摘要
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目的

分析河南省城乡居民体育锻炼情况及与抑郁症、焦虑障碍、失眠症的关联。

方法

采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法在河南省抽取18岁及以上城乡常住居民开展相关调查，采用问卷和筛查量表收集研究对象人口学特征、体育锻炼及心理健康状况等信息，并对量表筛查出的患者进行精神障碍诊断，通过χ2检验、logistic回归进行分析。

结果

10 057名城乡居民中基本不锻炼、小锻炼量、中等锻炼量、大锻炼量者分别占46.8%、21.1%、26.1%和6.0%，不同地区、性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、婚姻状况、个人与家庭月收入、吸烟习惯、饮酒习惯、健康状况和心理健康素养的城乡居民体育锻炼量分布差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，调整人口学特征、生活习惯及健康状况等因素后，与基本不锻炼相比，中等体育锻炼量的参与对象患有抑郁症（OR=0.670，95%CI：0.470～0.954）和失眠症（OR=0.758，95%CI：0.651～0.883）的风险更低。不同人口学特征中的logistic回归分析结果显示，在城市人群（OR=0.674，95%CI：0.446～0.987）、农村人群（OR=0.664，95%CI：0.547～0.805）、男性人群（OR=0.744，95%CI：0.592～0.935）和18～35岁人群（OR=0.514，95%CI：0.313～0.842）中，中等锻炼量参与对象患有失眠症的风险更低。在女性人群中，中等锻炼量参与对象患有抑郁症（OR=0.296，95%CI：0.171～0.512）、焦虑障碍（OR=0.613，95%CI：0.432～0.870）的风险低于基本不锻炼人群；此外与基本不锻炼相比，小锻炼量（OR=0774，95%CI：0.627～0.955）、中等锻炼量（OR=0.682，95%CI：0.562～0.827）和大锻炼量（OR=0.542，95%CI：0.367～0.800）的参与对象患有失眠症的风险均较低。在36～59岁人群及≥60岁人群中，中等锻炼量参与对象抑郁症（OR=0.621，95%CI：0.374～0.932；OR=0.502，95%CI：0.284～0.887）、焦虑障碍（OR=0.665，95%CI：0.460～0.960；OR=0.737，95%CI：0.582～0.925）、失眠症（OR=0.674，95%CI：0.545～0.833；OR=0.625，95%CI：0.482～0.812）的患病风险均更低。

结论

体育锻炼量在不同人口学特征人群中的差异较大；中等锻炼量参与者患抑郁症和失眠症的风险更低；在女性人群和中老年人群中体育锻炼与精神障碍的相关性更为显著。

城乡居民  /  体育锻炼  /  抑郁症  /  焦虑障碍  /  失眠症
Objective

To analyze the physical exercise habits of urban and rural residents in Henan Province and their association with depression, anxiety disorders, and insomnia.

Methods

A stratified multi-stage random sampling method was employed to survey residents aged 18 and older in urban and rural areas of Henan Province. Data on demographic characteristics, physical exercise, and mental health status were collected using questionnaires and screening scales. Subsequent diagnosis of mental disorders was performed on individuals screened out by the scales, and analyses were conducted using χ2 tests and logistic regression.

Results

(1) Among 10 057 urban and rural residents, the proportions of individuals engaging in minimal, low, moderate, and high levels of exercise were 46.8%, 21.1%, 26.1%, and 6.0%, respectively. Statistically significant differences in exercise levels were observed across various demographics, including region, gender, age, education level, occupation, marital status, monthly income, smoking habits, drinking habits, health status, and mental health literacy (P<0.05). (2) Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that, after adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, and health status, participants engaging in moderate exercise had a lower risk of depression (OR=0.670, 95%CI: 0.470-0.954) and insomnia (OR=0.758, 95%CI: 0.651-0.883) compared to those who did not exercise. (3) Logistic regression results among different demographic groups showed that participants engaging in moderate exercise had a lower risk of insomnia in urban (OR=0.674,95%CI: 0.446-0.987), rural (OR=0.664, 95%CI: 0.547-0.805), male (OR=0.744, 95%CI: 0.592-0.935), and 18-35 age groups (OR=0.514, 95%CI: 0.313-0.842). In the female population, those engaging in moderate exercise had a lower risk of depression (OR=0.296, 95%CI: 0.171-0.512) and anxiety disorders (OR=0.613, 95%CI: 0.432-0.870) compared to non-exercisers. Additionally, compared to non-exercisers, participants with small (OR=0.774, 95%CI: 0.627-0.955), moderate (OR=0.682, 95%CI:0.56-0.827), and high levels of exercise (OR=0.542, 95%CI: 0.367-0.800) had lower risks of insomnia. Among the 36-59 and ≥60 age groups, participants engaging in moderate exercise had a lower risk of depression (OR=0.621, 95%CI: 0.374-0.932; OR=0.502, 95%CI: 0.284-0.887), anxiety disorders (OR=0.665, 95%CI: 0.460-0.960; OR=0.737, 95%CI: 0.582-0.925), and insomnia (OR=0.674, 95%CI: 0.545-0.833; OR=0.625, 95%CI: 0.482-0.812).

Conclusion

There are significant differences in physical exercise levels among different demographic groups. Participants engaging in moderate exercise have a lower risk of depression and insomnia, with a more pronounced correlation between physical exercise and mental disorders observed in females and older adults.

Urban and rural residents  /  Physical exercise  /  Depression  /  Anxiety disorders  /  Insomnia
王玉杰, 董娇, 郭正军, 王海岭, 姚丰菊, 王传升. 河南省城乡居民体育锻炼情况及与抑郁症、焦虑障碍、失眠症的相关性研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (21) : 3860 -3867 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407295
Yu-jie WANG, Jiao DONG, Zheng-jun GUO, Hai-ling WANG, Feng-ju YAO, Chuan-sheng WANG. Study on the physical exercise of urban and rural residents in Henan Province and its correlation with depression, anxiety disorders, and insomnia[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (21) : 3860 -3867 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407295
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精神障碍患病率高、复发率高、致残性高、患者家庭负担和社会疾病负担重，是重大的公共卫生问题和社会问题。抑郁症、焦虑障碍、失眠症不仅是最常见的几种精神障碍，且近年来在我国的患病率呈上升趋势[1]，受到社会和政府的高度关注。
多理论和研究证明，锻炼不仅能够增强体质，而且对人的心理也会产生积极影响，适当的身体活动能够调节情绪、减少抑郁、消除紧张、改善睡眠，对于预防和治疗心理疾病有明显效果[2-3]。但国内研究主要集中在锻炼与不良心理情绪的关系以及锻炼对常见精神障碍的干预效果方面，锻炼作为精神障碍预防因素的证据缺乏研究支持，并且在国外的相关研究中，锻炼是否能够降低抑郁症等精神障碍患病风险的结果也并不一致。所以在大人群样本中探索两者之间的关系就显得尤为重要。因此，本研究以随机抽取的10 057名河南省城乡居民为研究对象，探讨其体育锻炼情况及与抑郁症、焦虑障碍、失眠症的关系，为制定我省健康中国行动相关政策和措施提供依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
数据来源于2021年的河南省心理健康促进行动主要指标调查项目，调查对象为年龄≥18岁常住居民，采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法从河南省18个省辖市中随机抽取。第一阶段对省辖市先进行城乡分层，将市辖区和县（市）人口数按照区县国标码分别排列，按照人口规模成比例的整群抽样方法（PPS法），随机抽取15个县和15个区；第二阶段使用PPS法在每个抽中的县（市、区）内随机抽取2个街道（乡镇）；第三阶段用PPS抽样法在每个抽中的乡（镇、办事处）抽取3个村（居委会）；第四阶段对每个抽中村（居委会）所有的家庭进行登记，按照完全随机方法从所有的户中抽出60户家庭；第五阶段采用入户调查，在每个抽中的家庭户内，收集家庭成员信息进行编号，按照KISH表方法随机抽取1人开展调查。共计抽取30个县（市、区）180个调查点的10 800户居民。实际调查人数为10 211人，除去未完成调查和信息缺失较多的问卷，实际完成调查10 057人，完成率98.5%。
本调查方案（含知情同意书样本）经过新乡医学院第二附属医院伦理审查委员会审批同意后实施[XYEFYLL-（科研）-2020-36-2]。研究对象均自愿参加且知情同意，并签署知情同意书。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　精神障碍筛查与诊断方法
采用基本情况调查表、健康问卷抑郁症状群量表（patient health questionnaire-9，PHQ-9）、广泛性焦虑量表（generalized anxiety disorder scale，GAD-7）、失眠严重程度量表（insomnia severity index，ISI）对调查人群进行初步筛查，并由两名具有高年资主治医师以上的精神科医师根据疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类第十次修订本（international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems，tenth revision，ICD-10）进行相应疾病诊断。抑郁症的诊断标准为ICD-10中精神与行为障碍分类临床描述与诊断要点的抑郁发作（F32），本研究以至少有1次抑郁发作为诊断抑郁发作的基本特征，但不包括恶性心境和双相情感障碍的抑郁发作；焦虑障碍诊断标准为ICD-10中精神与行为障碍分类临床描述与诊断要点的恐怖性焦虑障碍[广场恐惧（F40.0）、社交恐惧（F40.1）、特定恐惧（F40.2）]、其他焦虑障碍[惊恐障碍（F41.0）、广泛性焦虑障碍（F41.1）、未特定焦虑障碍（F41.9）]、强迫障碍（F42）；失眠症诊断标准为ICD-10中精神与行为障碍分类临床描述与诊断要点的非器质性失眠症（F51.0），即每周至少发生3次失眠并持续1个月以上。
1.2.2　体育锻炼量的调查及分类方法
使用体育活动等级量表(physical activity rating scale，PARS-3)，从参加体育锻炼的强度、频率和时间3个方面来考察[4]。体育锻炼强度计分：1=轻度运动、2=小强度运动、3=中等强度运动、4=大强度运动、5=超强度运动；锻炼频率计分：1=每月1次以下、2=每月2～3次、3=每周1～2次、4=每周3～5次、5=约每天1次；每次锻炼时间计分：0=≤10 min、1=11～20 min、2=21～30 min、3=31～59 min、4=≥60 min。体育锻炼量得分=锻炼强度×锻炼时间×锻炼频率，得分范围0～100分，基本不锻炼≤4分，小锻炼量5～19分，中等锻炼量20～42分，大锻炼量≥43分。在本研究中，该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.841，KMO值为0.753，Bartlett球形检验（巴特利球形检验）χ2=18 336.276（P<0.001），说明量表具有较好的信效度。
1.2.3　相关指标释义
（1）体力型职业：商业工作人员、服务性工作人员、农林牧渔劳动者、生产工人、运输工人和有关人员以及不便分类的其他劳动者；（2）智力型职业：国家机关、党群组织、企业、事业单位负责人，专业技术人员，办事人员和有关人员；（3）吸烟：一生中连续或累积吸烟6个月或以上；（4）饮酒：在过去12个月，每周至少饮酒1次；（5）心理健康素养：利用《健康中国行动推进委员会办公室关于印发心理健康促进行动主要指标释义及调查方法的通知》（国健推委办函［2020］4号）中的心理健康素养问卷进行测量；（6）慢性病：指慢性非传染性疾病，即不构成传染、具有长期积累形成疾病形态损害的疾病的总称。本研究中的慢性病涵盖了经二级及以上医院确诊的心脑血管疾病、癌症、慢性呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病等常见慢性病。
1.2.4　质量控制方法
正式开始调查之前进行预调查，对预调查中出现的问题进行总结，为合理组织现场调查做好准备。现场调查严格按照实施方案开展，采用统一的调查问卷和操作手册，并对所有调查员进行统一培训；在前期筛查一个月后，抽取10%的调查对象进行电话复核，5%的调查对象进行现场复核；ICD-10诊断一个月后，抽取10%的对象进行现场复核，对不符合要求或不完整资料进行核实补充或剔除。问卷采用双人双录入。
1.3　统计学处理
采用Epidata 3.0录入数据，SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析。对研究对象的平均年龄采用（均值±标准差）表示；地区、性别、受教育程度等计数资料用率（%）表示，体育锻炼量的组间比较采用χ2检验。体育锻炼量与抑郁症、焦虑障碍、失眠症相关性的分析采用二元多分类logistic回归分析模型。双侧检验，检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　基本情况
10 057名城乡居民中，男4 876人（48.5%），女5 181人（51.5%）；城乡人口比为1：1；年龄18～94岁，平均为（45.15±14.81）岁。受教育程度初中及以下学历为主，共6 553人，占65.2%；个人及家庭收入以低收入为主，个人月收入在3 000元以下的7 500人，占74.6%，家庭月总收入在6 000元以下的6 132人，占61.0%。基本不锻炼、小锻炼量、中等锻炼量、大锻炼量者分别为4 706、2 122、2 623和606人，依次占46.8%、21.1%、26.1%和6.0%。
2.2　体育锻炼在不同特征人群中的分布情况
不同地区、性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、婚姻状况、个人与家庭月收入、吸烟习惯、饮酒习惯、健康状况和心理健康素养的城乡居民体育锻炼量分布差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。见表1。
2.3　体育锻炼量与抑郁症、焦虑障碍、失眠症logistic回归分析
分别以研究对象是否患有抑郁症、焦虑障碍、失眠症为因变量（0=否，1=是）进行多因素logistic回归分析，结果显示调整人口学特征、生活习惯及健康状况等因素后，与基本不锻炼相比，中等锻炼量的参与对象更不可能患有抑郁症（OR=0.670，95%CI：0.470～0.954）和失眠症（OR= 0.758，95%CI：0.651～0.883）。见表2。
2.4　不同人口学特征的体育锻炼量与抑郁症、焦虑障碍、失眠症logistic回归分析
使用模型3进行logistic回归分析，结果显示不同人口学特征中的城市人群、男性人群和18～35岁人群中，中等锻炼量的人群患有失眠症的概率分别是基本不锻炼人群的0.674倍（OR=0.664，95%CI：0.446～0.987）、0.744（OR=0.744，95%CI：0.592～0.935）和0.514倍（OR=0.514，95%CI：0.313～0.842）。在农村人群中，中等锻炼量的参与对象患有抑郁症和和失眠症的概率分别是基本不锻炼人群的0.518倍（OR=0.518，95%CI：0.330～0.814）和0.664倍（OR=0.664，95%CI：0.547～0.805）。在女性人群中，中等锻炼量参与者抑郁症（OR=0.296，95%CI：0.171～0.512）、焦虑障碍（OR=0.613，95%CI：0.432～0.870）的患病风险更低；此外小锻炼量、中等锻炼量和大锻炼量的参与对象患有失眠症的风险分别是基本不锻炼人群的0.774倍（OR=0.774，95%CI：0.627～0.955）、0.682倍（OR=0.682，95%CI：0.562～0.827）和0.542倍（OR=0.542，95%CI：0.367～0.800）。在36～59岁人群及≥60岁人群中，中等锻炼量参与对象抑郁症（OR=0.621，95%CI：0.374～0.932；OR=0.502，95%CI：0.284～0.887）、焦虑障碍（OR=0.665，95%CI：0.460～0.960；OR=0.737，95%CI：0.582～0.925）、失眠症（OR=0.674，95%CI：0.545～0.833；OR=0.625，95%CI：0.482～0.812）的患病风险均更低。见表3。
3　讨论
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本文基于2021年河南省心理健康促进行动主要指标调查项目的数据对河南省城乡常住居民体育锻炼情况及与抑郁症、焦虑障碍、失眠症的关系进行分析，发现体育锻炼量在不同人口学特征人群中的差异较大；中等锻炼量与精神障碍的患病相关，且在女性人群和中老年人群中，这种相关性更为显著。
本研究结果显示：河南省城乡居民中等及以上程度体育锻炼率为32.1%，高于既往研究[5-6]中居民的经常锻炼率，与国家国民体质监测中心发布的《2020年全民健身活动状况调查公报》[5]数据基本一致。这说明在经济发展水平提高及全民健身国家战略的影响下，广大城乡居民的健身意识与健身行动进一步增强。城市人群、中老年人群、受教育程度高的人群、离退休/无业人群、有慢性病的人群、自评健康状况较好及具备心理健康素养的居民中等及以上程度体育锻炼率较高，与既往研究一致[6-9]，这可能与他们的健康观念、所拥有的闲暇时间、运动锻炼场地和设施设备获得难易程度有关。提示我们在营造良好的体育锻炼实体环境的同时，应针对不同人群深入开展有针对性的健康促进工作。
体育锻炼已被广泛证明与改善心理、精神健康状况有关。2016年，Chen LJ等[10]在台湾人群中开展的一项长达7年的队列研究发现，与积极运动的人群相比，不积极运动的人群患失眠症的风险更高。2021年胡芳芳等[8]在城市社区低龄老人体育锻炼与心理健康的关系研究中发现，中等锻炼量者心理健康较好。2022年Pearce M等[11]在一项纳入15项研究的meta分析表明，锻炼与抑郁之间呈负曲线剂量反应关系，且体力活动量越小，相关梯度越陡；运动量越大，额外的潜在益处就越少，不确定性也越大。本文研究结果显示，与基本不锻炼相比，中等锻炼量的参与对象更不可能患有抑郁症和失眠症，当锻炼量不足、过度锻炼时，体育锻炼和两种精神障碍之间的相关性消失。该结果既是对以往研究结果的补充，也得到了以往研究观点的支持。一方面，锻炼通过提供社会支持、产生积极体验以及带来一系列的生理改变来缓解压力，减轻抑郁症状，改善睡眠质量，从而提高心理健康水平，降低罹患精神障碍的风险[12]；另一方面，过量锻炼可能会出现免疫力下降、关节磨损、肌肉拉伤等身体危害，且在高强度运动过程中个体所做出的调节努力可能会耗尽自我控制源，影响执行功能，进而使个体产生负面情绪反应[13]。甚至有部分人对健身活动有强烈的依赖性，如果有哪天不去锻炼就情绪不稳，焦躁易怒。这些都可能导致其抑郁焦虑程度的增加，并进一步影响到睡眠。所以在运动过程中应制定与自身条件相适应的运动处方，促进锻炼科学化、个性化。
本研究结果表明，在女性人群和中老年人群中体育锻炼与精神障碍的相关性更为显著，与Kim SY等[14-16]的研究相符，这可能与体育锻炼对两类人群的直接身体和心理效应以及运动积极体验在体育锻炼促进心理健康的中介效应有关。相较于男性，社会对女性评价更为严格和苛刻，女性来自社会、家庭和工作的压力较大，自我认同感低。体育锻炼能够提升包含身体自尊和自我效能感在内的运动积极体验，而在锻炼中体验到的刺激、快乐、舒畅等各种积极感是改善心理健康的关键[17]。随着身体机能和认知功能的下降，老年人往往患有多种疾病，心理、生理、经济负担较重。体育锻炼能够增强体质，减缓老年人躯体不适表现，增强其自我价值感、成就感以及对外环境的控制感，还能结识不同锻炼同伴群体，保持身体和心理上的活跃，从而改善抑郁和睡眠状况[18]。
综上所述，通过此次调查可以了解河南省城乡居民体育锻炼情况及分布特征，获得体育锻炼量与精神障碍患病风险的相关性资料，为我省精神障碍的深入研究及健康中国行动相关政策的制定提供重要参考资料。今后可在此基础上开展前瞻性队列研究，进一步探讨体育锻炼与精神障碍患病的因果关联。
基金
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  • 河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目(LHGJ20230537)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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2024年第51卷第21期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407295
  • 接收时间：2024-07-17
  • 首发时间：2026-03-20
  • 出版时间：2024-11-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-07-17
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河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目(LHGJ20230537)
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    新乡医学院第二附属医院 河南省精神病医院，河南 新乡 453002

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王传升，E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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