Article(id=1241676525242741149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404255, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712937600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968352852, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1731168000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968352852, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968352852, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968352852, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241676522256388920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='21', pageStart='3841', pageEnd='4032', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968352140, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968629818, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3905, endPage=3911, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241676526991765950, articleId=1241676525242741149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of influencing factors of myopia in children and adolescents based on random forest model, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To analyze the influencing factors of myopia in children and adolescents, providing references for precise myopia prevention.
Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 1 660 students aged 9 to 18 from six schools in Jiading District, Shanghai, for vision testing and questionnaire surveys from September to October of 2021.The random forest model was utilized to rank the importance of myopia influencing factors, and the sliding window sequential forward selection method was applied for dimensionality reduction. The factors with the highest importance scores and the lowest average out-of-bag estimation error rates were included in a multifactorial logistic regression analysis model to estimate the direction and effect values of the influencing factors.
Results The myopia rate among the 1 660 children and adolescents was 71.99%. The random forest model indicated that the average out-of-bag estimation error rate was minimized when the number of variables was six. When incorporated into the multifactorial logistic regression analysis model, the results showed that advancing educational stage (junior high: OR=5.191, 95%CI: 3.738-7.209; senior high: OR=6.989, 95%CI: 4.309-11.338), parental myopia (one parent myopic: OR=3.669, 95%CI: 2.723-4.943; both parents myopic: OR=5.231, 95%CI: 3.510-7.795), increased reading and writing duration (<1h: OR=12.192, 95%CI: 3.373-44.066; 1-2h: OR=11.985, 95%CI: 3.364-42.704; ≥2h:OR=10.547, 95%CI: 2.957-37.622), participation in extracurricular classes (<6 years: OR=3.114, 95%CI: 2.046-4.740; ≥6 years: OR=1.817, 95%CI: 1.351-2.444), and using only ceiling lights for reading and writing at home after dark (OR=2.921,95%CI: 2.009-4.248) were identified as risk factors for myopia. In contrast, a sleep duration of ≥8 hours (OR=0.383, 95%CI:0.264-0.557) was identified as a protective factor against myopia.
Conclusion The prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents is high, and targeted measures should be implemented based on the identified influencing factors for myopia prevention and control.
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目的 分析儿童青少年近视影响因素,为精准预防近视提供参考。
方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,于2021年9—10月选取上海市嘉定区6所学校1 660名9~18岁学生,进行视力检测和问卷调查,利用随机森林模型对近视影响因素进行重要性排序,用滑动窗口序贯向前选择法降维,将重要性评分最高且平均袋外估算误差率最小的影响因素纳入多因素logistic回归分析模型,估计影响因素的作用方向及效应值。
结果 1 660名儿童青少年近视率71.99%。随机森林模型显示,变量数为6时平均袋外估算误差率最小。将其纳入多因素logistic回归分析模型,结果显示:学段增加(初中:OR=5.191, 95%CI: 3.738~7.209;高中:OR=6.989, 95%CI: 4.309~11.338)、父母近视(单方近视:OR=3.669, 95%CI: 2.723~4.943;双方近视:OR=5.231, 95%CI: 3.510~7.795)、读写时长增加(<1h:OR=12.192, 95%CI: 3.373~44.066;1~2h:OR=11.985, 95%CI: 3.364~42.704;≥2h:OR=10.547, 95%CI: 2.957~37.622)、参加课外学习班(<6岁:OR=3.114, 95%CI: 2.046~4.740;≥6岁:OR=1.817,, 95%CI: 1.351~2.444)、天黑后在家读写仅使用屋顶灯(OR=2.921,95%CI: 2.009~4.248)是近视的危险因素,睡眠时长≥8h(OR=0.383, 95%CI: 0.264~0.557)是近视的保护因素。
结论 儿童青少年近视率较高,近视防控应根据影响因素采取针对性措施。
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本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ZwqHIgH8yR87t94+PKdtOQ==, magXml=HmMMNsz7OfPhjJHiU/EOag==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=hbE/9TNWGWi/9WKMT1OOyg==, pdfFileSize=811224, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=PrrtpvcKotn36JRQ/Bw6ew==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=NKgUjdKXrrZCWtTOlsgUHg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=
林米乐(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生;
彭慧(1983—),女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:学校卫生工作;
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Important factors influencing myopia among children and adolescents in Jiading District, Shanghai, ranked by importance, figureFileSmall=JyOlG43PckdiqY9cS+51dg==, figureFileBig=9GYapxU1G0PUjOmMBEI5/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821868152393783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
上海市嘉定区儿童青少年近视影响因素重要性排序, figureFileSmall=JyOlG43PckdiqY9cS+51dg==, figureFileBig=9GYapxU1G0PUjOmMBEI5/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821868374691906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=
The result of sliding windows sequential forward selection, figureFileSmall=+6XEhfj34lwKtEcTKaLO6A==, figureFileBig=BwaT+BwV3F5uQsEfPs1jrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821868475355206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
滑动窗口序贯向前选择法分析结果, figureFileSmall=+6XEhfj34lwKtEcTKaLO6A==, figureFileBig=BwaT+BwV3F5uQsEfPs1jrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821868609572940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Influencing factors and attribution of myopia among children and adolescents in Jiading District, Shanghai
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 影响因素 | 赋值情况 |
|---|
| 学段 | 0=4~5年级,1=初中,2=高中 |
| 父母近视情况 | 0=都不近视,1=单一近视,2=双方近视 |
| 读写时长(h) | 0=没有作业,1=<1,2 =1~2,3 =≥2 |
| 睡眠时长(h) | 0=<8,1=≥8 |
| 课外学习班 | 0=没参加,1=<6岁,2=≥6岁 |
| 天黑后在家读写用什么灯光 | 0=同时使用台灯和屋顶灯,1=仅使用台灯,2=仅使用屋顶灯 |
| 母亲学历 | 0=初中及以下,1=高中中专,2=大专及以上 |
| 读写时胸部离桌面一拳 | 0=从不,1=偶尔,2=经常,3=总是 |
| 读写时眼睛离书本一尺 | 0=从不,1=偶尔,2=经常,3=总是 |
| 使用电子设备学习30~40 min是否休息远眺10 min | 0=从未或偶尔做到,1=半数做到,2=经常总是做到 |
| 父亲学历 | 0=初中及以下,1=高中中专,2=大专及以上 |
| 过去一周中高强度运动天数(d) | 0=0,1=1,2=2,3=3,4=4 |
| 饭前便后是否洗手 | 0=每次都洗,1=基本都洗,2=有时洗有时不洗,3=几乎不洗,4=从来不洗 |
| 补习班时长(h) | 0=没有补习班,1=<1,2=1~2,3=≥2 |
| 班级座位调换频率 | 0=从不,1=一学期一次,2=一个月一次,3=两周一次,4=每周一次 |
| 过去一周使用手机时长(h) | 0=没用过,1=<1,2=≥1 |
| 老师上课是否演示PPT | 0=是,1=否 |
| 近距离用眼多长时间休息一次眼睛(h) | 0=<0.5,1=0.5~2,2=≥2 |
| 班级座位是否左右轮换 | 0=是,1=否 |
| 读写时手指离笔尖一寸 | 0=从不,1=偶尔,2=经常,3=总是 |
| 民族 | 0=汉族,1=其它 |
| 看电视视屏距离超过3 m | 0=从不偶尔,1=经常总是,2=从不看电视 |
| 教室座位第几排(排) | 0=1,1=2,2=3,3=4,4=5,5=6,6=7,7=8 |
| 看电脑视屏距离超过66 cm | 0=从不偶尔,1=经常总是,2=从不用电脑 |
| 过去一周每天使用电子设备超过1 h | 0=从未或偶尔超过,1=半数超过,2=经常总是超过 |
| 过去一周平均每天看电视时长(h) | 0=从不看,1=<1,2=1~2,3=≥2 |
| 过去一周每天使用电子设备超过15 min | 0=从未或偶尔超过,1=半数超过,2=经常总是超过 |
| 平均每天户外活动时长(h) | 0=<1,1=1~2,2=≥2 |
| 课间活动场所 | 0=教学楼内,1=户外 |
| 走路或乘车看书或电子屏幕 | 0=从不或偶尔,1=经常或总是 |
| 平均每天吃几种新鲜水果 | 0=从来不吃或少于每天1种,1=1种,2=2种,3=3种及以上 |
| 父母是否提醒读写姿势 | 0=从不,1=偶尔,2=经常,3=总是 |
| 性别 | 0=男,1=女 |
| 平均每天做几次眼保健操 | 0=1次,1=2次,2=3次及以上,3=在校不做 |
| 平均每天使用电子产品时长(h) | 0=<1,1=1~2,2=≥2,3=不限制 |
| 上课是否使用电脑 | 0=是,1=否 |
| 过去一年视力检查次数 | 0=0次,1=1次,2=≥2次 |
| 老师是否提醒读写姿势 | 0=从不,1=偶尔,2=经常,3=总是 |
| 躺着趴着看书或电子屏幕 | 0=从不或偶尔,1=经常或总是 |
| 平均每天使用电脑时长(h) | 0=没用过,1=<1,2=≥1 |
| 是否喝酒 | 0=是,1=否 |
| 课椅高度根据身高调整频率 | 0=从不,1=一学年一次,2=一学期一次,3=两三个月一次 |
| 家长是否减少运动时间 | 0=经常,1=有时,2=没有 |
| 阳光直射下看书或电子屏幕 | 0=从不或偶尔,1=经常或总是 |
| 天黑后关灯看电子屏幕 | 0=从不或偶尔,1=经常或总是 |
| 是否吸烟 | 0=是,1=否 |
| 平均每天蔬菜种类 | 0=从来不吃或少于每天1种,1=1种,2=2种,3=3种及以上 |
| 平均每天蔬菜频率 | 0=从来不吃,1=少于每天1次,2=每天1次及以上 |
| 早餐频率 | 0=天天吃,1=有时吃,2=从来不吃 |
| 家长是否限制电子屏幕时间 | 0=是,1=否 |
| 平均每周体育课频率 | 0=0节,1=1节,2=≥2节 |
| 平均每天含糖饮料频率 | 0=从来不喝,1=少于每天1次,2=每天1次及以上 |
| 平均每天油炸食物频率 | 0=从来不吃,1=少于每天1次,2=每天1次及以上 |
| 是否住校 | 0=是,1=否 |
| 家庭经济状况 | 0=较好,1=一般,2=较差 |
| 过去一年视力检查次数(次) | 0=0,1=1,2=2,3=3,4 =4及以上 |
| 学习成绩 | 0=优异,1=中等偏上,2=中等,3=中等偏下,4=差 |
| 平均每天新鲜水果频率 | 0=从来不吃,1=少于每天1次,2=每天1次,3=每天2次及以上 |
| 是否弹钢琴 | 0=是,1=否 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241821868756373586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
上海市嘉定区儿童青少年近视影响因素及赋值
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 影响因素 | 赋值情况 |
|---|
| 学段 | 0=4~5年级,1=初中,2=高中 |
| 父母近视情况 | 0=都不近视,1=单一近视,2=双方近视 |
| 读写时长(h) | 0=没有作业,1=<1,2 =1~2,3 =≥2 |
| 睡眠时长(h) | 0=<8,1=≥8 |
| 课外学习班 | 0=没参加,1=<6岁,2=≥6岁 |
| 天黑后在家读写用什么灯光 | 0=同时使用台灯和屋顶灯,1=仅使用台灯,2=仅使用屋顶灯 |
| 母亲学历 | 0=初中及以下,1=高中中专,2=大专及以上 |
| 读写时胸部离桌面一拳 | 0=从不,1=偶尔,2=经常,3=总是 |
| 读写时眼睛离书本一尺 | 0=从不,1=偶尔,2=经常,3=总是 |
| 使用电子设备学习30~40 min是否休息远眺10 min | 0=从未或偶尔做到,1=半数做到,2=经常总是做到 |
| 父亲学历 | 0=初中及以下,1=高中中专,2=大专及以上 |
| 过去一周中高强度运动天数(d) | 0=0,1=1,2=2,3=3,4=4 |
| 饭前便后是否洗手 | 0=每次都洗,1=基本都洗,2=有时洗有时不洗,3=几乎不洗,4=从来不洗 |
| 补习班时长(h) | 0=没有补习班,1=<1,2=1~2,3=≥2 |
| 班级座位调换频率 | 0=从不,1=一学期一次,2=一个月一次,3=两周一次,4=每周一次 |
| 过去一周使用手机时长(h) | 0=没用过,1=<1,2=≥1 |
| 老师上课是否演示PPT | 0=是,1=否 |
| 近距离用眼多长时间休息一次眼睛(h) | 0=<0.5,1=0.5~2,2=≥2 |
| 班级座位是否左右轮换 | 0=是,1=否 |
| 读写时手指离笔尖一寸 | 0=从不,1=偶尔,2=经常,3=总是 |
| 民族 | 0=汉族,1=其它 |
| 看电视视屏距离超过3 m | 0=从不偶尔,1=经常总是,2=从不看电视 |
| 教室座位第几排(排) | 0=1,1=2,2=3,3=4,4=5,5=6,6=7,7=8 |
| 看电脑视屏距离超过66 cm | 0=从不偶尔,1=经常总是,2=从不用电脑 |
| 过去一周每天使用电子设备超过1 h | 0=从未或偶尔超过,1=半数超过,2=经常总是超过 |
| 过去一周平均每天看电视时长(h) | 0=从不看,1=<1,2=1~2,3=≥2 |
| 过去一周每天使用电子设备超过15 min | 0=从未或偶尔超过,1=半数超过,2=经常总是超过 |
| 平均每天户外活动时长(h) | 0=<1,1=1~2,2=≥2 |
| 课间活动场所 | 0=教学楼内,1=户外 |
| 走路或乘车看书或电子屏幕 | 0=从不或偶尔,1=经常或总是 |
| 平均每天吃几种新鲜水果 | 0=从来不吃或少于每天1种,1=1种,2=2种,3=3种及以上 |
| 父母是否提醒读写姿势 | 0=从不,1=偶尔,2=经常,3=总是 |
| 性别 | 0=男,1=女 |
| 平均每天做几次眼保健操 | 0=1次,1=2次,2=3次及以上,3=在校不做 |
| 平均每天使用电子产品时长(h) | 0=<1,1=1~2,2=≥2,3=不限制 |
| 上课是否使用电脑 | 0=是,1=否 |
| 过去一年视力检查次数 | 0=0次,1=1次,2=≥2次 |
| 老师是否提醒读写姿势 | 0=从不,1=偶尔,2=经常,3=总是 |
| 躺着趴着看书或电子屏幕 | 0=从不或偶尔,1=经常或总是 |
| 平均每天使用电脑时长(h) | 0=没用过,1=<1,2=≥1 |
| 是否喝酒 | 0=是,1=否 |
| 课椅高度根据身高调整频率 | 0=从不,1=一学年一次,2=一学期一次,3=两三个月一次 |
| 家长是否减少运动时间 | 0=经常,1=有时,2=没有 |
| 阳光直射下看书或电子屏幕 | 0=从不或偶尔,1=经常或总是 |
| 天黑后关灯看电子屏幕 | 0=从不或偶尔,1=经常或总是 |
| 是否吸烟 | 0=是,1=否 |
| 平均每天蔬菜种类 | 0=从来不吃或少于每天1种,1=1种,2=2种,3=3种及以上 |
| 平均每天蔬菜频率 | 0=从来不吃,1=少于每天1次,2=每天1次及以上 |
| 早餐频率 | 0=天天吃,1=有时吃,2=从来不吃 |
| 家长是否限制电子屏幕时间 | 0=是,1=否 |
| 平均每周体育课频率 | 0=0节,1=1节,2=≥2节 |
| 平均每天含糖饮料频率 | 0=从来不喝,1=少于每天1次,2=每天1次及以上 |
| 平均每天油炸食物频率 | 0=从来不吃,1=少于每天1次,2=每天1次及以上 |
| 是否住校 | 0=是,1=否 |
| 家庭经济状况 | 0=较好,1=一般,2=较差 |
| 过去一年视力检查次数(次) | 0=0,1=1,2=2,3=3,4 =4及以上 |
| 学习成绩 | 0=优异,1=中等偏上,2=中等,3=中等偏下,4=差 |
| 平均每天新鲜水果频率 | 0=从来不吃,1=少于每天1次,2=每天1次,3=每天2次及以上 |
| 是否弹钢琴 | 0=是,1=否 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241821868894785626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Influencing factors of myopia among children and adolescents in Jiading District, Shanghai: multifactor logistic regression analysis results
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 影响因素 | β |  | Waldχ2值 | P值 | OR值(95%CI) |
|---|
| 学段 | | | | | |
| 4~5年级 | | | | | 1.000 |
| 初中 | 1.647 | 0.168 | 96.654 | <0.001 | 5.191(3.738~7.209) |
| 高中 | 1.944 | 0.247 | 62.054 | <0.001 | 6.989(4.309~11.338) |
| 父母近视 | | | | | |
| 均不近视 | | | | | 1.000 |
| 单方近视 | 1.300 | 0.152 | 73.034 | <0.001 | 3.669(2.723~4.943) |
| 双方近视 | 1.655 | 0.204 | 66.085 | <0.001 | 5.231(3.510~7.795) |
| 读写时长(h) | | | | | |
| 没有作业 | | | | | 1.000 |
| <1 | 2.501 | 0.656 | 14.550 | <0.001 | 12.192(3.373~44.066) |
| 1~2 | 2.484 | 0.648 | 14.678 | <0.001 | 11.985(3.364~42.704) |
| ≥2 | 2.356 | 0.649 | 13.183 | <0.001 | 10.547(2.957~37.622) |
| 睡眠时长(h) | | | | | |
| <8 | | | | | 1.000 |
| ≥8 | -0.959 | 0.190 | 25.356 | <0.001 | 0.383(0.264~0.557) |
| 课外学习班(岁) | | | | | |
| 没参加 | | | | | 1.000 |
| <6 | 1.136 | 0.214 | 28.096 | <0.001 | 3.114(2.046~4.740) |
| ≥6 | 0.597 | 0.151 | 15.581 | <0.001 | 1.817(1.351~2.444) |
| 天黑后在家读写用什么灯光 | | | | | |
| 同时使用台灯和屋顶灯 | | | | | 1.000 |
| 仅使用台灯 | 0.022 | 0.196 | 0.013 | 0.910 | 1.022(0.696~1.502) |
| 仅使用屋顶灯 | 1.072 | 0.191 | 31.496 | <0.001 | 2.921(2.009~4.248) |
), ArticleFig(id=1241821870442483806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
上海市嘉定区儿童青少年近视影响因素多因素logistic回归分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 影响因素 | β |  | Waldχ2值 | P值 | OR值(95%CI) |
|---|
| 学段 | | | | | |
| 4~5年级 | | | | | 1.000 |
| 初中 | 1.647 | 0.168 | 96.654 | <0.001 | 5.191(3.738~7.209) |
| 高中 | 1.944 | 0.247 | 62.054 | <0.001 | 6.989(4.309~11.338) |
| 父母近视 | | | | | |
| 均不近视 | | | | | 1.000 |
| 单方近视 | 1.300 | 0.152 | 73.034 | <0.001 | 3.669(2.723~4.943) |
| 双方近视 | 1.655 | 0.204 | 66.085 | <0.001 | 5.231(3.510~7.795) |
| 读写时长(h) | | | | | |
| 没有作业 | | | | | 1.000 |
| <1 | 2.501 | 0.656 | 14.550 | <0.001 | 12.192(3.373~44.066) |
| 1~2 | 2.484 | 0.648 | 14.678 | <0.001 | 11.985(3.364~42.704) |
| ≥2 | 2.356 | 0.649 | 13.183 | <0.001 | 10.547(2.957~37.622) |
| 睡眠时长(h) | | | | | |
| <8 | | | | | 1.000 |
| ≥8 | -0.959 | 0.190 | 25.356 | <0.001 | 0.383(0.264~0.557) |
| 课外学习班(岁) | | | | | |
| 没参加 | | | | | 1.000 |
| <6 | 1.136 | 0.214 | 28.096 | <0.001 | 3.114(2.046~4.740) |
| ≥6 | 0.597 | 0.151 | 15.581 | <0.001 | 1.817(1.351~2.444) |
| 天黑后在家读写用什么灯光 | | | | | |
| 同时使用台灯和屋顶灯 | | | | | 1.000 |
| 仅使用台灯 | 0.022 | 0.196 | 0.013 | 0.910 | 1.022(0.696~1.502) |
| 仅使用屋顶灯 | 1.072 | 0.191 | 31.496 | <0.001 | 2.921(2.009~4.248) |
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