Article(id=1241676525242741149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404255, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712937600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968352852, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1731168000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968352852, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968352852, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968352852, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241676522256388920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='21', pageStart='3841', pageEnd='4032', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968352140, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968629818, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3905, endPage=3911, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241676526991765950, articleId=1241676525242741149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of influencing factors of myopia in children and adolescents based on random forest model, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the influencing factors of myopia in children and adolescents, providing references for precise myopia prevention.

Methods

A stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 1 660 students aged 9 to 18 from six schools in Jiading District, Shanghai, for vision testing and questionnaire surveys from September to October of 2021.The random forest model was utilized to rank the importance of myopia influencing factors, and the sliding window sequential forward selection method was applied for dimensionality reduction. The factors with the highest importance scores and the lowest average out-of-bag estimation error rates were included in a multifactorial logistic regression analysis model to estimate the direction and effect values of the influencing factors.

Results

The myopia rate among the 1 660 children and adolescents was 71.99%. The random forest model indicated that the average out-of-bag estimation error rate was minimized when the number of variables was six. When incorporated into the multifactorial logistic regression analysis model, the results showed that advancing educational stage (junior high: OR=5.191, 95%CI: 3.738-7.209; senior high: OR=6.989, 95%CI: 4.309-11.338), parental myopia (one parent myopic: OR=3.669, 95%CI: 2.723-4.943; both parents myopic: OR=5.231, 95%CI: 3.510-7.795), increased reading and writing duration (<1h: OR=12.192, 95%CI: 3.373-44.066; 1-2h: OR=11.985, 95%CI: 3.364-42.704; ≥2h:OR=10.547, 95%CI: 2.957-37.622), participation in extracurricular classes (<6 years: OR=3.114, 95%CI: 2.046-4.740; ≥6 years: OR=1.817, 95%CI: 1.351-2.444), and using only ceiling lights for reading and writing at home after dark (OR=2.921,95%CI: 2.009-4.248) were identified as risk factors for myopia. In contrast, a sleep duration of ≥8 hours (OR=0.383, 95%CI:0.264-0.557) was identified as a protective factor against myopia.

Conclusion

The prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents is high, and targeted measures should be implemented based on the identified influencing factors for myopia prevention and control.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Mi-le LIN, Hui PENG, Fei-fei YANG, Jun-lei XUE, Yan-fei ZHANG, Hong-jie YU, Fei-fei MA, Qian PENG, Ying WANG, Hui-jing SHI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241676530544341616, articleId=1241676525242741149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=基于随机森林模型的儿童青少年近视影响因素分析, columnId=1228016570031604578, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=儿少卫生与妇幼保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析儿童青少年近视影响因素,为精准预防近视提供参考。

方法

采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,于2021年9—10月选取上海市嘉定区6所学校1 660名9~18岁学生,进行视力检测和问卷调查,利用随机森林模型对近视影响因素进行重要性排序,用滑动窗口序贯向前选择法降维,将重要性评分最高且平均袋外估算误差率最小的影响因素纳入多因素logistic回归分析模型,估计影响因素的作用方向及效应值。

结果

1 660名儿童青少年近视率71.99%。随机森林模型显示,变量数为6时平均袋外估算误差率最小。将其纳入多因素logistic回归分析模型,结果显示:学段增加(初中:OR=5.191, 95%CI: 3.738~7.209;高中:OR=6.989, 95%CI: 4.309~11.338)、父母近视(单方近视:OR=3.669, 95%CI: 2.723~4.943;双方近视:OR=5.231, 95%CI: 3.510~7.795)、读写时长增加(<1h:OR=12.192, 95%CI: 3.373~44.066;1~2h:OR=11.985, 95%CI: 3.364~42.704;≥2h:OR=10.547, 95%CI: 2.957~37.622)、参加课外学习班(<6岁:OR=3.114, 95%CI: 2.046~4.740;≥6岁:OR=1.817,, 95%CI: 1.351~2.444)、天黑后在家读写仅使用屋顶灯(OR=2.921,95%CI: 2.009~4.248)是近视的危险因素,睡眠时长≥8h(OR=0.383, 95%CI: 0.264~0.557)是近视的保护因素。

结论

儿童青少年近视率较高,近视防控应根据影响因素采取针对性措施。

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史慧静,E-mail:
王颖,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ZwqHIgH8yR87t94+PKdtOQ==, magXml=HmMMNsz7OfPhjJHiU/EOag==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=hbE/9TNWGWi/9WKMT1OOyg==, pdfFileSize=811224, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=PrrtpvcKotn36JRQ/Bw6ew==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=NKgUjdKXrrZCWtTOlsgUHg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

林米乐与彭慧为共同第一作者

史慧静与王颖为共同通信作者

林米乐(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生;

彭慧(1983—),女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:学校卫生工作;

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林米乐(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生;

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[2024-09-21]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7653/202201/a0bbca89a53f44869852904596cd4e73.shtml., articleTitle=Interpretation of the "14th Five-Year Plan for National Eye Health 2021-2025", refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241821870757056622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=嘉定区公共卫生优秀人才培养计划-学科后备带头人项目, fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241821870887080050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, awardId=HYXG-QJ04, language=CN, fundingSource=“沪眼星光”儿童青少年近视防控人员培养项目(HYXG-QJ04), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241821871025492088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, awardId=2022-QN-08, language=CN, fundingSource=嘉定区卫生健康委项目(2022-QN-08), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241821871155515515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, awardId=GWGZLXK-2023-04, language=CN, fundingSource=复旦大学公共卫生学院-嘉定区卫生健康委公共卫生高质量发展重点专项(GWGZLXK-2023-04), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241821855447847573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821855456236183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, companyId=1241821855447847573, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100020, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821855468819097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, companyId=1241821855447847573, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京协和医学院 中国医学科学院医学信息研究所,北京 100020)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241821857079431847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821857087820456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, companyId=1241821857079431847, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海市嘉定区疾病预防控制中心,上海 201800)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241821857201066672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821857213649585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, companyId=1241821857201066672, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海 200023)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241821868034953269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Important factors influencing myopia among children and adolescents in Jiading District, Shanghai, ranked by importance, figureFileSmall=JyOlG43PckdiqY9cS+51dg==, figureFileBig=9GYapxU1G0PUjOmMBEI5/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821868152393783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, language=CN, label=图1, caption=上海市嘉定区儿童青少年近视影响因素重要性排序, figureFileSmall=JyOlG43PckdiqY9cS+51dg==, figureFileBig=9GYapxU1G0PUjOmMBEI5/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821868374691906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=The result of sliding windows sequential forward selection, figureFileSmall=+6XEhfj34lwKtEcTKaLO6A==, figureFileBig=BwaT+BwV3F5uQsEfPs1jrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821868475355206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, language=CN, label=图2, caption=滑动窗口序贯向前选择法分析结果, figureFileSmall=+6XEhfj34lwKtEcTKaLO6A==, figureFileBig=BwaT+BwV3F5uQsEfPs1jrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821868609572940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Influencing factors and attribution of myopia among children and adolescents in Jiading District, Shanghai

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素赋值情况
学段0=4~5年级,1=初中,2=高中
父母近视情况0=都不近视,1=单一近视,2=双方近视
读写时长(h)0=没有作业,1=<1,2 =1~2,3 =≥2
睡眠时长(h)0=<8,1=≥8
课外学习班0=没参加,1=<6岁,2=≥6岁
天黑后在家读写用什么灯光0=同时使用台灯和屋顶灯,1=仅使用台灯,2=仅使用屋顶灯
母亲学历0=初中及以下,1=高中中专,2=大专及以上
读写时胸部离桌面一拳0=从不,1=偶尔,2=经常,3=总是
读写时眼睛离书本一尺0=从不,1=偶尔,2=经常,3=总是
使用电子设备学习30~40 min是否休息远眺10 min0=从未或偶尔做到,1=半数做到,2=经常总是做到
父亲学历0=初中及以下,1=高中中专,2=大专及以上
过去一周中高强度运动天数(d)0=0,1=1,2=2,3=3,4=4
饭前便后是否洗手0=每次都洗,1=基本都洗,2=有时洗有时不洗,3=几乎不洗,4=从来不洗
补习班时长(h)0=没有补习班,1=<1,2=1~2,3=≥2
班级座位调换频率0=从不,1=一学期一次,2=一个月一次,3=两周一次,4=每周一次
过去一周使用手机时长(h)0=没用过,1=<1,2=≥1
老师上课是否演示PPT0=是,1=否
近距离用眼多长时间休息一次眼睛(h)0=<0.5,1=0.5~2,2=≥2
班级座位是否左右轮换0=是,1=否
读写时手指离笔尖一寸0=从不,1=偶尔,2=经常,3=总是
民族0=汉族,1=其它
看电视视屏距离超过3 m0=从不偶尔,1=经常总是,2=从不看电视
教室座位第几排(排)0=1,1=2,2=3,3=4,4=5,5=6,6=7,7=8
看电脑视屏距离超过66 cm0=从不偶尔,1=经常总是,2=从不用电脑
过去一周每天使用电子设备超过1 h0=从未或偶尔超过,1=半数超过,2=经常总是超过
过去一周平均每天看电视时长(h)0=从不看,1=<1,2=1~2,3=≥2
过去一周每天使用电子设备超过15 min0=从未或偶尔超过,1=半数超过,2=经常总是超过
平均每天户外活动时长(h)0=<1,1=1~2,2=≥2
课间活动场所0=教学楼内,1=户外
走路或乘车看书或电子屏幕0=从不或偶尔,1=经常或总是
平均每天吃几种新鲜水果0=从来不吃或少于每天1种,1=1种,2=2种,3=3种及以上
父母是否提醒读写姿势0=从不,1=偶尔,2=经常,3=总是
性别0=男,1=女
平均每天做几次眼保健操0=1次,1=2次,2=3次及以上,3=在校不做
平均每天使用电子产品时长(h)0=<1,1=1~2,2=≥2,3=不限制
上课是否使用电脑0=是,1=否
过去一年视力检查次数0=0次,1=1次,2=≥2次
老师是否提醒读写姿势0=从不,1=偶尔,2=经常,3=总是
躺着趴着看书或电子屏幕0=从不或偶尔,1=经常或总是
平均每天使用电脑时长(h)0=没用过,1=<1,2=≥1
是否喝酒0=是,1=否
课椅高度根据身高调整频率0=从不,1=一学年一次,2=一学期一次,3=两三个月一次
家长是否减少运动时间0=经常,1=有时,2=没有
阳光直射下看书或电子屏幕0=从不或偶尔,1=经常或总是
天黑后关灯看电子屏幕0=从不或偶尔,1=经常或总是
是否吸烟0=是,1=否
平均每天蔬菜种类0=从来不吃或少于每天1种,1=1种,2=2种,3=3种及以上
平均每天蔬菜频率0=从来不吃,1=少于每天1次,2=每天1次及以上
早餐频率0=天天吃,1=有时吃,2=从来不吃
家长是否限制电子屏幕时间0=是,1=否
平均每周体育课频率0=0节,1=1节,2=≥2节
平均每天含糖饮料频率0=从来不喝,1=少于每天1次,2=每天1次及以上
平均每天油炸食物频率0=从来不吃,1=少于每天1次,2=每天1次及以上
是否住校0=是,1=否
家庭经济状况0=较好,1=一般,2=较差
过去一年视力检查次数(次)0=0,1=1,2=2,3=3,4 =4及以上
学习成绩0=优异,1=中等偏上,2=中等,3=中等偏下,4=差
平均每天新鲜水果频率0=从来不吃,1=少于每天1次,2=每天1次,3=每天2次及以上
是否弹钢琴0=是,1=否
), ArticleFig(id=1241821868756373586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

上海市嘉定区儿童青少年近视影响因素及赋值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素赋值情况
学段0=4~5年级,1=初中,2=高中
父母近视情况0=都不近视,1=单一近视,2=双方近视
读写时长(h)0=没有作业,1=<1,2 =1~2,3 =≥2
睡眠时长(h)0=<8,1=≥8
课外学习班0=没参加,1=<6岁,2=≥6岁
天黑后在家读写用什么灯光0=同时使用台灯和屋顶灯,1=仅使用台灯,2=仅使用屋顶灯
母亲学历0=初中及以下,1=高中中专,2=大专及以上
读写时胸部离桌面一拳0=从不,1=偶尔,2=经常,3=总是
读写时眼睛离书本一尺0=从不,1=偶尔,2=经常,3=总是
使用电子设备学习30~40 min是否休息远眺10 min0=从未或偶尔做到,1=半数做到,2=经常总是做到
父亲学历0=初中及以下,1=高中中专,2=大专及以上
过去一周中高强度运动天数(d)0=0,1=1,2=2,3=3,4=4
饭前便后是否洗手0=每次都洗,1=基本都洗,2=有时洗有时不洗,3=几乎不洗,4=从来不洗
补习班时长(h)0=没有补习班,1=<1,2=1~2,3=≥2
班级座位调换频率0=从不,1=一学期一次,2=一个月一次,3=两周一次,4=每周一次
过去一周使用手机时长(h)0=没用过,1=<1,2=≥1
老师上课是否演示PPT0=是,1=否
近距离用眼多长时间休息一次眼睛(h)0=<0.5,1=0.5~2,2=≥2
班级座位是否左右轮换0=是,1=否
读写时手指离笔尖一寸0=从不,1=偶尔,2=经常,3=总是
民族0=汉族,1=其它
看电视视屏距离超过3 m0=从不偶尔,1=经常总是,2=从不看电视
教室座位第几排(排)0=1,1=2,2=3,3=4,4=5,5=6,6=7,7=8
看电脑视屏距离超过66 cm0=从不偶尔,1=经常总是,2=从不用电脑
过去一周每天使用电子设备超过1 h0=从未或偶尔超过,1=半数超过,2=经常总是超过
过去一周平均每天看电视时长(h)0=从不看,1=<1,2=1~2,3=≥2
过去一周每天使用电子设备超过15 min0=从未或偶尔超过,1=半数超过,2=经常总是超过
平均每天户外活动时长(h)0=<1,1=1~2,2=≥2
课间活动场所0=教学楼内,1=户外
走路或乘车看书或电子屏幕0=从不或偶尔,1=经常或总是
平均每天吃几种新鲜水果0=从来不吃或少于每天1种,1=1种,2=2种,3=3种及以上
父母是否提醒读写姿势0=从不,1=偶尔,2=经常,3=总是
性别0=男,1=女
平均每天做几次眼保健操0=1次,1=2次,2=3次及以上,3=在校不做
平均每天使用电子产品时长(h)0=<1,1=1~2,2=≥2,3=不限制
上课是否使用电脑0=是,1=否
过去一年视力检查次数0=0次,1=1次,2=≥2次
老师是否提醒读写姿势0=从不,1=偶尔,2=经常,3=总是
躺着趴着看书或电子屏幕0=从不或偶尔,1=经常或总是
平均每天使用电脑时长(h)0=没用过,1=<1,2=≥1
是否喝酒0=是,1=否
课椅高度根据身高调整频率0=从不,1=一学年一次,2=一学期一次,3=两三个月一次
家长是否减少运动时间0=经常,1=有时,2=没有
阳光直射下看书或电子屏幕0=从不或偶尔,1=经常或总是
天黑后关灯看电子屏幕0=从不或偶尔,1=经常或总是
是否吸烟0=是,1=否
平均每天蔬菜种类0=从来不吃或少于每天1种,1=1种,2=2种,3=3种及以上
平均每天蔬菜频率0=从来不吃,1=少于每天1次,2=每天1次及以上
早餐频率0=天天吃,1=有时吃,2=从来不吃
家长是否限制电子屏幕时间0=是,1=否
平均每周体育课频率0=0节,1=1节,2=≥2节
平均每天含糖饮料频率0=从来不喝,1=少于每天1次,2=每天1次及以上
平均每天油炸食物频率0=从来不吃,1=少于每天1次,2=每天1次及以上
是否住校0=是,1=否
家庭经济状况0=较好,1=一般,2=较差
过去一年视力检查次数(次)0=0,1=1,2=2,3=3,4 =4及以上
学习成绩0=优异,1=中等偏上,2=中等,3=中等偏下,4=差
平均每天新鲜水果频率0=从来不吃,1=少于每天1次,2=每天1次,3=每天2次及以上
是否弹钢琴0=是,1=否
), ArticleFig(id=1241821868894785626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Influencing factors of myopia among children and adolescents in Jiading District, Shanghai: multifactor logistic regression analysis results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素βWaldχ2POR值(95%CI)
学段
4~5年级1.000
初中1.6470.16896.654<0.0015.191(3.738~7.209)
高中1.9440.24762.054<0.0016.989(4.309~11.338)
父母近视
均不近视1.000
单方近视1.3000.15273.034<0.0013.669(2.723~4.943)
双方近视1.6550.20466.085<0.0015.231(3.510~7.795)
读写时长(h)
没有作业1.000
<12.5010.65614.550<0.00112.192(3.373~44.066)
1~22.4840.64814.678<0.00111.985(3.364~42.704)
≥22.3560.64913.183<0.00110.547(2.957~37.622)
睡眠时长(h)
<81.000
≥8-0.9590.19025.356<0.0010.383(0.264~0.557)
课外学习班(岁)
没参加1.000
<61.1360.21428.096<0.0013.114(2.046~4.740)
≥60.5970.15115.581<0.0011.817(1.351~2.444)
天黑后在家读写用什么灯光
同时使用台灯和屋顶灯1.000
仅使用台灯0.0220.1960.0130.9101.022(0.696~1.502)
仅使用屋顶灯1.0720.19131.496<0.0012.921(2.009~4.248)
), ArticleFig(id=1241821870442483806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676525242741149, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

上海市嘉定区儿童青少年近视影响因素多因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素βWaldχ2POR值(95%CI)
学段
4~5年级1.000
初中1.6470.16896.654<0.0015.191(3.738~7.209)
高中1.9440.24762.054<0.0016.989(4.309~11.338)
父母近视
均不近视1.000
单方近视1.3000.15273.034<0.0013.669(2.723~4.943)
双方近视1.6550.20466.085<0.0015.231(3.510~7.795)
读写时长(h)
没有作业1.000
<12.5010.65614.550<0.00112.192(3.373~44.066)
1~22.4840.64814.678<0.00111.985(3.364~42.704)
≥22.3560.64913.183<0.00110.547(2.957~37.622)
睡眠时长(h)
<81.000
≥8-0.9590.19025.356<0.0010.383(0.264~0.557)
课外学习班(岁)
没参加1.000
<61.1360.21428.096<0.0013.114(2.046~4.740)
≥60.5970.15115.581<0.0011.817(1.351~2.444)
天黑后在家读写用什么灯光
同时使用台灯和屋顶灯1.000
仅使用台灯0.0220.1960.0130.9101.022(0.696~1.502)
仅使用屋顶灯1.0720.19131.496<0.0012.921(2.009~4.248)
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基于随机森林模型的儿童青少年近视影响因素分析
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林米乐 1 , 彭慧 2 , 杨飞飞 2 , 薛俊磊 2 , 张颜菲 2 , 于宏杰 2 , 马飞飞 2 , 彭谦 2 , 王颖 3 , 史慧静 3
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(21): 3905-3911
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(21): 3905-3911
基于随机森林模型的儿童青少年近视影响因素分析
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林米乐1, 彭慧2, 杨飞飞2, 薛俊磊2, 张颜菲2, 于宏杰2, 马飞飞2, 彭谦2, 王颖3 , 史慧静3
作者信息
  • 1.北京协和医学院 中国医学科学院医学信息研究所,北京 100020
  • 2.上海市嘉定区疾病预防控制中心,上海 201800
  • 3.复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海 200023
  • 林米乐(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生;

    彭慧(1983—),女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:学校卫生工作;

通讯作者:

史慧静,E-mail:
王颖,E-mail:
Analysis of influencing factors of myopia in children and adolescents based on random forest model
Mi-le LIN1, Hui PENG2, Fei-fei YANG2, Jun-lei XUE2, Yan-fei ZHANG2, Hong-jie YU2, Fei-fei MA2, Qian PENG2, Ying WANG3 , Hui-jing SHI3
Affiliations
  • Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100020, China
出版时间: 2024-11-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404255
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目的

分析儿童青少年近视影响因素,为精准预防近视提供参考。

方法

采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,于2021年9—10月选取上海市嘉定区6所学校1 660名9~18岁学生,进行视力检测和问卷调查,利用随机森林模型对近视影响因素进行重要性排序,用滑动窗口序贯向前选择法降维,将重要性评分最高且平均袋外估算误差率最小的影响因素纳入多因素logistic回归分析模型,估计影响因素的作用方向及效应值。

结果

1 660名儿童青少年近视率71.99%。随机森林模型显示,变量数为6时平均袋外估算误差率最小。将其纳入多因素logistic回归分析模型,结果显示:学段增加(初中:OR=5.191, 95%CI: 3.738~7.209;高中:OR=6.989, 95%CI: 4.309~11.338)、父母近视(单方近视:OR=3.669, 95%CI: 2.723~4.943;双方近视:OR=5.231, 95%CI: 3.510~7.795)、读写时长增加(<1h:OR=12.192, 95%CI: 3.373~44.066;1~2h:OR=11.985, 95%CI: 3.364~42.704;≥2h:OR=10.547, 95%CI: 2.957~37.622)、参加课外学习班(<6岁:OR=3.114, 95%CI: 2.046~4.740;≥6岁:OR=1.817,, 95%CI: 1.351~2.444)、天黑后在家读写仅使用屋顶灯(OR=2.921,95%CI: 2.009~4.248)是近视的危险因素,睡眠时长≥8h(OR=0.383, 95%CI: 0.264~0.557)是近视的保护因素。

结论

儿童青少年近视率较高,近视防控应根据影响因素采取针对性措施。

随机森林模型  /  儿童青少年  /  近视  /  影响因素
Objective

To analyze the influencing factors of myopia in children and adolescents, providing references for precise myopia prevention.

Methods

A stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 1 660 students aged 9 to 18 from six schools in Jiading District, Shanghai, for vision testing and questionnaire surveys from September to October of 2021.The random forest model was utilized to rank the importance of myopia influencing factors, and the sliding window sequential forward selection method was applied for dimensionality reduction. The factors with the highest importance scores and the lowest average out-of-bag estimation error rates were included in a multifactorial logistic regression analysis model to estimate the direction and effect values of the influencing factors.

Results

The myopia rate among the 1 660 children and adolescents was 71.99%. The random forest model indicated that the average out-of-bag estimation error rate was minimized when the number of variables was six. When incorporated into the multifactorial logistic regression analysis model, the results showed that advancing educational stage (junior high: OR=5.191, 95%CI: 3.738-7.209; senior high: OR=6.989, 95%CI: 4.309-11.338), parental myopia (one parent myopic: OR=3.669, 95%CI: 2.723-4.943; both parents myopic: OR=5.231, 95%CI: 3.510-7.795), increased reading and writing duration (<1h: OR=12.192, 95%CI: 3.373-44.066; 1-2h: OR=11.985, 95%CI: 3.364-42.704; ≥2h:OR=10.547, 95%CI: 2.957-37.622), participation in extracurricular classes (<6 years: OR=3.114, 95%CI: 2.046-4.740; ≥6 years: OR=1.817, 95%CI: 1.351-2.444), and using only ceiling lights for reading and writing at home after dark (OR=2.921,95%CI: 2.009-4.248) were identified as risk factors for myopia. In contrast, a sleep duration of ≥8 hours (OR=0.383, 95%CI:0.264-0.557) was identified as a protective factor against myopia.

Conclusion

The prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents is high, and targeted measures should be implemented based on the identified influencing factors for myopia prevention and control.

Random forest model  /  Children and adolescents  /  Myopia  /  Influencing factors
林米乐, 彭慧, 杨飞飞, 薛俊磊, 张颜菲, 于宏杰, 马飞飞, 彭谦, 王颖, 史慧静. 基于随机森林模型的儿童青少年近视影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (21) : 3905 -3911 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404255
Mi-le LIN, Hui PENG, Fei-fei YANG, Jun-lei XUE, Yan-fei ZHANG, Hong-jie YU, Fei-fei MA, Qian PENG, Ying WANG, Hui-jing SHI. Analysis of influencing factors of myopia in children and adolescents based on random forest model[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (21) : 3905 -3911 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404255
近视是一种常见的屈光不正,眼轴的延长使得远处的物体看起来模糊不清,是儿童青少年最常发生的眼部问题。预计到2050年,儿童青少年近视患病率将达84%[1]。近视不仅会影响生活质量,而且一旦发展为高度近视,可能会产生视网膜脱落、黄斑变性、青光眼和白内障等严重并发症的风险,导致不可逆的视力损害,从而带来巨大的社会经济负担[2-3]。作为重大公共卫生问题,儿童青少年近视防控已经上升为国家战略[4]。目前对近视影响因素的研究较为广泛,但对筛选出的影响因素进行重要性排序的研究较少[5-9]。随机森林模型是一种常用的机器学习变量筛选方法,能够精准地对影响因素进行重要性排序,在处理大型数据集和高维特征时具有较高的效率[10]。多因素logistic回归可通过OR值判别影响因素的作用方向。研究基于对上海市嘉定区儿童青少年开展的抽样调查,采用随机森林模型结合多因素logistic回归的方法,分析儿童青少年近视影响因素,旨在更好地识别近视的高危人群,为政府有关部门制定和完善近视防控政策和措施提供参考。
采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,于2021年9—10月从上海市嘉定区13个社区中随机选取2所小学、2所初中和2所高中,每年级随机抽取2个班级开展调查,研究共纳入四年级至高三年级学生1 660名。采用抽样公式,根据儿童青少年近视率52.70%[11],考虑10%的无应答率,计算得到最小样本量为1 054份。本项目经嘉定区疾病预防控制中心伦理审查委员会批准(审批号:2022-04),已取得家长和学生知情同意。
以班级为单位现场发放问卷,由学生自行填写。问卷由上海市疾病预防控制中心设计,内容包括学生基本信息、饮食运动行为、日常生活习惯、校内用眼环境、校外用眼情况、读写姿势、电子屏幕使用时间、近距离用眼习惯、户外活动及睡眠情况、近视检查及矫治情况。所有问卷均经调查员核查,如有缺项及时由学生现场补填。
按照《上海市儿童青少年近视调查工作细则2020》的要求,采用非睫状肌麻痹状态下自动电脑验光的屈光检测,所有参与调查的人员均经过正规培训,现场质量控制符合细则要求。
筛查性近视定义标准:单眼裸眼视力<5.0且等效球镜<-0.50,任意一只眼近视即判定为近视。同时佩戴角膜塑形镜的受检者也记录近视人数。
近视率=(根据标准判定为近视的人数+角膜塑形镜佩戴人数)/调查人数×100%。
随机森林模型的核心思想是通过建立多个决策树,每个决策树都基于对训练数据的不同随机子集进行建模,未被抽取的数据作为测试集计算模型准确率。通过集成多个决策树的预测结果,通常采用投票的方式选取最终的预测结果。研究依据平均准确度下降(mean decrease accuracy,MDA)对影响因素的重要性进行排序[12]
使用R4.3.2软件进行随机森林算法分析,对影响因素进行重要性排序,并使用滑动窗口序贯向前选择法(sliding windows sequential forward selection, SWSFS)依据重要性大小顺序依次加入影响因素,每加入一个影响因素重新进行一次随机森林算法分析,最终找出平均袋外估算误差率最小的影响因素个数。使用IBM SPSS 20.0对平均袋外估算误差率最小时的影响因素进行多因素logistic回归分析。双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。使用Prism10.0中文版作图。
本研究纳入的1 660名儿童青少年,年龄范围9~18岁,男生846人(50.96%),女生814人(49.04%);4~5年级学生427人(25.72%),初中生704人(42.41%),高中生529人(31.87%)。近视学生1 195名,近视率71.99%,其中男生近视578人,近视率68.32%,女生近视617人,近视率75.80%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.501,P=0.001);4~5年级学生近视180人(42.15%),初中生近视552人(78.41%),高中生近视463人(87.52%),随着学段的升高,近视学生比例也升高(χ2趋势=266.174,P<0.001)。
以近视为因变量,对涉及饮食运动、生活习惯、用眼情况及睡眠等59个影响因素运用随机森林算法进行重要性排序。依据MDA值排序前五位影响因素依次是:学段(26.44)、父母近视情况(22.50)、读写时长(8.13)、睡眠时长(8.12)、课外学习班(7.58)。见图1。依据MDA值从高到底排序的影响因素及赋值情况见表1
根据影响因素重要性排序结果,依次进行SWSFS分析。结果显示,平均袋外估算误差率在0.198 0 ~0.251 1,当影响因素个数为6时平均袋外估算误差率最低,为0.198 0。前六位影响因素依次为学段、父母近视情况、读写时长、睡眠时长、课外学习班、天黑后在家读写用什么灯光。见图2
以是否近视为因变量,将随机森林筛选出的前六位影响因素为自变量,进行多因素logistic回归分析。分析结果由表2所示,学段增加(初中:OR=5.191,P<0.001;高中:OR=6.989,P<0.001)、父母近视(单方近视:OR=3.669,P<0.001;双方近视:OR=5.231,P<0.001)、读写时长增加(<1h:OR=12.192,P<0.001;1~2h:OR=11.985,P<0.001;≥2h:OR=10.547,P<0.001)、参加课外学习班(<6岁:OR=3.114,P<0.001;≥6岁:OR=1.817,P<0.001)、天黑后在家读写仅使用屋顶灯(OR=2.921,P<0.001)是近视的危险因素,睡眠时长≥8h(OR=0.383,P<0.001)是近视的保护因素。
本研究显示,上海市嘉定区9~18岁儿童青少年近视率71.99%,其中4~5年级近视率42.15%,初中生78.41%,高中生87.52%。略高于2022年全国儿童青少年近视调查结果(初中生71.40%,高中生81.20%)[11]。苏州市9~18岁儿童青少年近视率79.19%[13];重庆市大渡口区儿童青少年近视调查结果显示[14],初中生近视率72.89%,高中生近视率82.92%,与本研究结果相近。
研究采用随机森林算法和多因素logistic回归分析模型分析儿童青少年近视的影响因素。结果显示,随着学段的增长,近视患病风险增加,这与庐山[15]、武汉[16]等地区的研究结论一致。随着学段增长,学生会受到更大压力的学业负担,将更多的时间投入到学习上,也更容易导致近视的发生。父母单方近视或双方近视的学生,其患近视的风险是父母均不近视学生的3.669倍(95%CI:2.723~4.943)和5.231倍(95%CI:3.510~7.795),这与国内外相关研究结论一致[17-19]。近视的发病受到遗传因素稳定而持久的影响,也可能是近视父母容易传递给孩子不良的用眼习惯[20]。读写时长增加和参加课外学习班的学生近视患病风险增加,这与一些地区研究结论一致[21-22],较多的读写时长和参加课外学习班会加重学生用眼负担,对视力产生不良影响。天黑后在家读写仅使用屋顶灯是近视的危险因素,这与哈尔滨[23]、杭州[24]等地区的结论一致,读写时光线太弱容易引起视觉疲劳,从而更容易导致近视发生。研究显示睡眠≥8h是近视的保护因素,这与一些研究结论一致[25,5],可能是由于睡眠不足,导致了光照与昼夜节律的混乱,进而影响了激素的正常分泌以及眼轴的正常发育。保持足够的睡眠时间能够使眼部肌肉等组织得到充分的休息,从而维护眼部健康[26]
综上所述,学段、父母近视、读写时长、睡眠时长、课外学习班及天黑后在家读写用什么灯光是对儿童青少年近视影响较大的六个因素。针对上海市嘉定区儿童青少年近视发生风险较高的六个因素应该实施重点预防或干预,从而降低儿童近视发生发展的风险。研究建议,为了有效防控近视并践行“关口前移”的理念[27],学校和家长应当尽早行动,尽量减轻高年级学生的学习压力,多鼓励学生参与户外锻炼,增加体育活动等。父母近视的家庭应更加关注学生的视力健康,如定期进行视力检查。家长应提供给孩子一个良好的用眼环境,天黑后在家综合使用台灯和屋顶灯等,保证读写环境光线充足。同时重视学生睡眠问题,保证充足的睡眠和良好的睡眠质量,预防近视的发生并延缓其发展。
研究存在一定的局限性,一方面,作为横断面调查无法直接推断影响因素与近视的因果关系;另一方面,采用非睫状肌麻痹下验光测量屈光度,可能会高估一些儿童的近视度数。因此,后续研究还可以进一步丰富完善。
  • 嘉定区公共卫生优秀人才培养计划-学科后备带头人项目
  • “沪眼星光”儿童青少年近视防控人员培养项目(HYXG-QJ04)
  • 嘉定区卫生健康委项目(2022-QN-08)
  • 复旦大学公共卫生学院-嘉定区卫生健康委公共卫生高质量发展重点专项(GWGZLXK-2023-04)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404255
  • 接收时间:2024-04-13
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-11-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-13
基金
嘉定区公共卫生优秀人才培养计划-学科后备带头人项目
“沪眼星光”儿童青少年近视防控人员培养项目(HYXG-QJ04)
嘉定区卫生健康委项目(2022-QN-08)
复旦大学公共卫生学院-嘉定区卫生健康委公共卫生高质量发展重点专项(GWGZLXK-2023-04)
作者信息
    1.北京协和医学院 中国医学科学院医学信息研究所,北京 100020
    2.上海市嘉定区疾病预防控制中心,上海 201800
    3.复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海 200023

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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