Article(id=1241676524403880344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406310, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718640000000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968352651, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1731168000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968352651, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968352651, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968352651, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241676522256388920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='21', pageStart='3841', pageEnd='4032', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968352140, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968629818, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677686985249702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241676522256388920, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3883, endPage=3889, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241676527507665362, articleId=1241676524403880344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Potential categories of health literacy in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and their relationship with glycemic control, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the potential categories of health literacy in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and their relationship with glycemic control.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was employed to select 1 113 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes from the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology between September 2021 and August 2022. General demographic data and diabetes health literacy were assessed using questionnaires, including a diabetes health literacy scale. A latent profile analysis was conducted on the health literacy of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, and glycated hemoglobin levels were measured. The relationship between the latent categories of health literacy and glycemic control was analyzed using χ2 tests and binary logistic regression.

Results

The health literacy levels of patients could be categorized into three latent categories: low willingness to improve (31.72%), moderate balanced type (31.35%), and high confidence coping type (36.93%). Propensity score matching successfully matched 283 pairs of subjects. Low willingness to improve health literacy was identified as a risk factor for poor glycemic control in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (OR=2.238, 95%CI:1.355-3.696), while high confidence coping health literacy served as a promoting factor for glycemic control (OR=0.318,95%CI: 0.196-0.516).

Conclusion

High health literacy can facilitate glycemic control in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting that targeted interventions should be developed for different health literacy populations.

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目的

探讨老年2型糖尿病患者健康素养的潜在类别及其与血糖控制水平的关系。

方法

采取便利抽样方法,于2021年9月—2022年8月选取华北理工大学附属医院的1 113名老年2型糖尿病患者为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、糖尿病健康素养量表等问卷的调查方式,对老年2型糖尿病患者健康素养进行潜在剖面分析,并检测糖化血红蛋白,采用χ2检验和二分类logistic回归分析健康素养的潜在类别与血糖控制的关系。

结果

患者健康素养水平可分为低改善意愿型(31.72%)、中均衡型(31.35%)、高信心应对型(36.93%)三个潜在类别,PSM成功匹配283对研究对象,低改善意愿型健康素养为老年2型糖尿病患者血糖控制不良的危险因素(OR=2.238,95%CI:1.355~3.696),高信心应对型健康素养是老年2型糖尿病患者血糖控制的促进因素(OR=0.318,95%CI:0.196~0.516)。

结论

高健康素养可促进老年2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制,对不同健康素养人群应开展有针对性的干预。

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赵雅宁,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=miWKyou3ShnVJ1IUtWXZ8w==, magXml=0UScknh6OnA1DGNv0OE30A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=sJJpIYjnwcG3yG1MvMPnvA==, pdfFileSize=662691, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=iNAtEKiwxxcYWPNiZpKG2A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=7vMZMIipk84TH85Q+sEoUA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

史雪菲(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:健康管理

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史雪菲(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:健康管理

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史雪菲(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:健康管理

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journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=血糖控制), Keyword(id=1241821857431749019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=潜在类别)], refs=[Reference(id=1241821863437992565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=67, issue=12, pageStart=2192, pageEnd=2203, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Javary J, Allain-Courtois N, Saucisse N, journalName=Gut, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Javary J, Allain-Courtois N, Saucisse N, et al. 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Current status and correlation between health literacy and treatment adherence in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus[J]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 2017, 37(9): 2299-2301.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Current status and correlation between health literacy and treatment adherence in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241821871667217338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=38, issue=23, pageStart=73, pageEnd=76, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=38, authorNames=孟利, 郎延梅, journalName=护理学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孟利, 郎延梅.2型糖尿病患者自我调节疲劳现状及影响因素[J].护理学杂志202338(23):73-76., articleTitle=2型糖尿病患者自我调节疲劳现状及影响因素, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241821871805629374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=38, issue=23, pageStart=73, pageEnd=76, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Meng L, Lang YM, journalName=Journal of Nursing Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Meng L, Lang YM. Status quo and influencing factors of self-regulatory fatigue in type 2 diabetes pa-tients[J]. Journal of Nursing Science, 2023, 38(23): 73-76.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Status quo and influencing factors of self-regulatory fatigue in type 2 diabetes pa-tients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241821871935652806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=24, issue=11, pageStart=97, pageEnd=100, 96, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=40, authorNames=张文龙, 孟德侠, 王仪, journalName=大众科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张文龙, 孟德侠, 王仪.知信行模式在慢性病病人中的应用现状[J].大众科技202224(11):97-100, 96., articleTitle=知信行模式在慢性病病人中的应用现状, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241821872086647758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=24, issue=11, pageStart=97, pageEnd=100, 96, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Zhang WL, Meng DX, Wang Y, journalName=Popular Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang WL, Meng DX, Wang Y. Application status of knowledge, attitude and practice model in patients with chronic diseases[J]. Popular Science and Technology, 2022, 24(11): 97-100, 96.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Application status of knowledge, attitude and practice model in patients with chronic diseases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241821872212476881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=42, issue=11, pageStart=120, pageEnd=124, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=42, authorNames=赵永乐, 刘梦佳, 常雅欣, journalName=卫生职业教育, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵永乐,刘梦佳,常雅欣,.2型糖尿病患者自我管理行为与疾病感知、健康素养的相关性分析[J].卫生职业教育202442(11):120-124., articleTitle=2型糖尿病患者自我管理行为与疾病感知、健康素养的相关性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241821872329917400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=42, issue=11, pageStart=120, pageEnd=124, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Zhao YL, Liu MJ, Chang YX, journalName=Health Vocational Education, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao YL, Liu MJ, Chang YX, et al. Correlation analysis of self-care behavior,disease perception and health literacy in type 2 diabetes patients[J]. Health Vocational Education, 2024, 42(11): 120-124.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Correlation analysis of self-care behavior,disease perception and health literacy in type 2 diabetes patients, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241821859772170845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, awardId=18130218A, language=CN, fundingSource=唐山市科技创新团队培养计划(18130218A), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241821850607616167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821850620199080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, companyId=1241821850607616167, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821850628587689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, companyId=1241821850607616167, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.华北理工大学护理与康复学院,河北 唐山 063210)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241821850716668075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241821850725056685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, companyId=1241821850716668075, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.华北理工大学附属医院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241821857746321842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Distribution of scores for each dimension of the 3categories of diabetes health literacy, figureFileSmall=DDZcF8kKuuaH4wBr7DwrBw==, figureFileBig=nDFEIgKQ5nf3H2w83VFwMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821857901511109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, language=CN, label=图1, caption=糖尿病健康素养三个类别各维度得分分布, figureFileSmall=DDZcF8kKuuaH4wBr7DwrBw==, figureFileBig=nDFEIgKQ5nf3H2w83VFwMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241821858056700371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Indicators analyzed in a potential profile model of diabetes health literacy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBIAaBICLMRBLRT熵值类别概率(%)
118 037.27218 067.36118 048.3041
216 867.45216 917.60016 885.837<0.001<0.0010.82247.89/52.11
316 240.88716 311.09516 266.627<0.001<0.0010.90231.72/31.35/36.93
416 213.03816 303.30516 246.1320.0050.0060.88731.09/32.88/4.67/31.36
516 086.15416 196.47916 126.6020.0210.0230.83225.97/7.73/27.76/11.05/27.49
), ArticleFig(id=1241821858220278240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

糖尿病健康素养的潜在剖面模型分析指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBIAaBICLMRBLRT熵值类别概率(%)
118 037.27218 067.36118 048.3041
216 867.45216 917.60016 885.837<0.001<0.0010.82247.89/52.11
316 240.88716 311.09516 266.627<0.001<0.0010.90231.72/31.35/36.93
416 213.03816 303.30516 246.1320.0050.0060.88731.09/32.88/4.67/31.36
516 086.15416 196.47916 126.6020.0210.0230.83225.97/7.73/27.76/11.05/27.49
), ArticleFig(id=1241821858375467504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Items with statistically significant differences in comparisons of sociodemographic characteristics across potential categories of health literacy [n (%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量低改善意愿型(n=353)中均衡型(n=349)高信心应对型(n=411)统计量P
性别7.932<0.001
211(59.8)227(65.0)226(55.0)
142(40.2)122(35.0)185(45.0)
年龄(岁)34.546<0.001
60~69210(59.5)267(76.5)236(57.4)
≥70143(40.5)82(23.5)175(42.6)
文化程度51.094<0.001
小学及以下98(27.8)55(15.8)56(13.6)
初中129(36.5)139(39.8)118(28.7)
高中/中专/职高72(20.4)91(26.1)128(31.1)
大专及以上54(15.3)64(18.3)109(26.5)
病程(年)11.4050.003
<5270(76.5)260(74.5)345(83.9)
≥583(23.5)89(25.5)66(16.1)
家庭人均月收入(元)15.621<0.001
<2 000291(82.4)245(70.2)300(73.0)
≥2 00062(17.6)104(29.8)111(27.0)
领悟社会支持26.464<0.001
较好113(32.0)152(43.6)207(50.4)
较差240(68.0)197(56.4)204(49.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1241821858560016894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同健康素养潜在类别的社会人口学特征比较差异有统计学意义的项目[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量低改善意愿型(n=353)中均衡型(n=349)高信心应对型(n=411)统计量P
性别7.932<0.001
211(59.8)227(65.0)226(55.0)
142(40.2)122(35.0)185(45.0)
年龄(岁)34.546<0.001
60~69210(59.5)267(76.5)236(57.4)
≥70143(40.5)82(23.5)175(42.6)
文化程度51.094<0.001
小学及以下98(27.8)55(15.8)56(13.6)
初中129(36.5)139(39.8)118(28.7)
高中/中专/职高72(20.4)91(26.1)128(31.1)
大专及以上54(15.3)64(18.3)109(26.5)
病程(年)11.4050.003
<5270(76.5)260(74.5)345(83.9)
≥583(23.5)89(25.5)66(16.1)
家庭人均月收入(元)15.621<0.001
<2 000291(82.4)245(70.2)300(73.0)
≥2 00062(17.6)104(29.8)111(27.0)
领悟社会支持26.464<0.001
较好113(32.0)152(43.6)207(50.4)
较差240(68.0)197(56.4)204(49.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1241821858723594757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Univariate analysis of survey respondents’ glycated hemoglobin compliance [n (%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量HbA1c匹配前HbA1c匹配后
达标(n=308)未达标(n=805)统计量P达标(n=283)未达标(n=283)统计量P
性别12.366<0.0010.0290.866
158(51.3)506(62.9)156(55.1)158(55.8)
150(48.7)299(37.1)127(44.9)125(44.2)
年龄(岁)38.944<0.0010.5030.478
60~69242(78.6)471(58.5)217(76.7)224(79.2)
≥7066(21.4)334(41.5)66(23.3)59(20.8)
文化程度23.447<0.0013.7270.293
小学及以下41(13.3)168(20.9)41(14.5)33(11.7)
初中89(28.9)297(36.9)88(31.1)99(35.0)
高中/中专/职高95(30.8)196(24.3)83(29.3)94(33.2)
大专及以上83(26.9)144(17.9)71(25.1)57(20.1)
婚姻状况0.1510.6970.2630.608
有配偶242(78.6)641(79.6)220(77.7)225(79.5)
无配偶66(21.4)164(20.4)63(22.3)58(20.5)
居住方式0.8990.3430.080.931
与家人200(64.9)498(61.9)178(62.9)179(63.3)
独居108(35.1)307(38.1)105(37.1)104(36.7)
病程(年)3.7570.0530.5350.465
<5254(82.5)621(77.1)229(80.9)222(78.4)
≥554(17.5)184(22.9)54(19.1)61(21.6)
BMI11.3250.00114.466<0.001
正常124(40.3)239(29.7)119(42.0)76(26.9)
超重/肥胖184(59.7)566(70.3)164(58.0)207(73.1)
高血压22.774<0.00115.214<0.001
198(64.3)389(48.3)183(64.7)137(48.4)
110(35.7)416(51.7)100(35.3)146(51.6)
家庭人均月收入(元)39.089<0.0010.9770.323
<2 000191(62.0)645(80.1)186(65.7)197(69.6)
≥2 000117(38.0)160(19.9)97(34.3)86(30.4)
用药依从性7.9060.00526.258<0.001
较好250(81.2)588(73.0)230(81.3)175(61.8)
较差58(18.8)217(27.0)53(18.7)108(38.2)
久坐行为水平(h/d)64.254<0.00128.902<0.001
低(<4)77(25.0)62(7.7)72(25.4)24(8.5)
中(4~8)108(35.1)295(36.6)96(33.9)118(41.7)
高(≥8)123(39.9)448(55.7)115(40.6)141(49.8)
膳食质量50.777<0.00156.494<0.001
失衡287(93.2)594(73.8)263(92.9)192(67.8)
非失衡21(6.8)211(26.2)20(7.1)91(32.2)
健康素养93.490<0.00189.808<0.001
低改善意愿型49(15.9)304(37.8)49(17.3)134(47.3)
中均衡型78(25.3)271(33.7)76(26.9)93(32.9)
高信心应对型181(58.8)230(28.6)158(55.8)56(19.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1241821858857812495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

调查对象HbA1c达标的单因素分析[n(%)]

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变量HbA1c匹配前HbA1c匹配后
达标(n=308)未达标(n=805)统计量P达标(n=283)未达标(n=283)统计量P
性别12.366<0.0010.0290.866
158(51.3)506(62.9)156(55.1)158(55.8)
150(48.7)299(37.1)127(44.9)125(44.2)
年龄(岁)38.944<0.0010.5030.478
60~69242(78.6)471(58.5)217(76.7)224(79.2)
≥7066(21.4)334(41.5)66(23.3)59(20.8)
文化程度23.447<0.0013.7270.293
小学及以下41(13.3)168(20.9)41(14.5)33(11.7)
初中89(28.9)297(36.9)88(31.1)99(35.0)
高中/中专/职高95(30.8)196(24.3)83(29.3)94(33.2)
大专及以上83(26.9)144(17.9)71(25.1)57(20.1)
婚姻状况0.1510.6970.2630.608
有配偶242(78.6)641(79.6)220(77.7)225(79.5)
无配偶66(21.4)164(20.4)63(22.3)58(20.5)
居住方式0.8990.3430.080.931
与家人200(64.9)498(61.9)178(62.9)179(63.3)
独居108(35.1)307(38.1)105(37.1)104(36.7)
病程(年)3.7570.0530.5350.465
<5254(82.5)621(77.1)229(80.9)222(78.4)
≥554(17.5)184(22.9)54(19.1)61(21.6)
BMI11.3250.00114.466<0.001
正常124(40.3)239(29.7)119(42.0)76(26.9)
超重/肥胖184(59.7)566(70.3)164(58.0)207(73.1)
高血压22.774<0.00115.214<0.001
198(64.3)389(48.3)183(64.7)137(48.4)
110(35.7)416(51.7)100(35.3)146(51.6)
家庭人均月收入(元)39.089<0.0010.9770.323
<2 000191(62.0)645(80.1)186(65.7)197(69.6)
≥2 000117(38.0)160(19.9)97(34.3)86(30.4)
用药依从性7.9060.00526.258<0.001
较好250(81.2)588(73.0)230(81.3)175(61.8)
较差58(18.8)217(27.0)53(18.7)108(38.2)
久坐行为水平(h/d)64.254<0.00128.902<0.001
低(<4)77(25.0)62(7.7)72(25.4)24(8.5)
中(4~8)108(35.1)295(36.6)96(33.9)118(41.7)
高(≥8)123(39.9)448(55.7)115(40.6)141(49.8)
膳食质量50.777<0.00156.494<0.001
失衡287(93.2)594(73.8)263(92.9)192(67.8)
非失衡21(6.8)211(26.2)20(7.1)91(32.2)
健康素养93.490<0.00189.808<0.001
低改善意愿型49(15.9)304(37.8)49(17.3)134(47.3)
中均衡型78(25.3)271(33.7)76(26.9)93(32.9)
高信心应对型181(58.8)230(28.6)158(55.8)56(19.8)
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Multi-factor assignment

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变量赋值
BMI0=正常,1=超重
高血压0=无高血压,1=有高血压
用药依从性0=较好,1=较差
久坐行为水平0=低水平,1=中水平,2=高水平
膳食质量0=非失衡,1=失衡
健康素养0=中均衡型,1=低改善意愿型,2=高信心应对型
HbA1c0=达标,1=未达标
), ArticleFig(id=1241821859172385327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

多因素赋值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
BMI0=正常,1=超重
高血压0=无高血压,1=有高血压
用药依从性0=较好,1=较差
久坐行为水平0=低水平,1=中水平,2=高水平
膳食质量0=非失衡,1=失衡
健康素养0=中均衡型,1=低改善意愿型,2=高信心应对型
HbA1c0=达标,1=未达标
), ArticleFig(id=1241821859281437238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Multi-factorial analysis of factors influencing glycated hemoglobin attainment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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自变量βWaldχ2POR值(95%CI
常量-1.8800.36027.330<0.0010.153
BMI0.6090.2167.9340.0051.839(1.204~2.809)
高血压0.8090.21114.740<0.0012.246(1.486~3.396)
用药依从性1.2250.23427.286<0.0013.403(2.149~5.387)
膳食质量1.3150.29819.486<0.0013.724(2.077~6.676)
久坐行为水平10.6520.005
中水平0.7480.3125.7480.0172.113(1.146~3.896)
高水平1.0280.31510.6420.0012.796(1.507~5.186)
健康素养55.240<0.001
低改善意愿型0.8060.2569.9110.0022.238(1.355~3.696)
高信心应对型-1.1460.24721.457<0.0010.318(0.196~0.516)
), ArticleFig(id=1241821859424043587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241676524403880344, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

老年T2DM患者HbA1c达标影响因素的多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量βWaldχ2POR值(95%CI
常量-1.8800.36027.330<0.0010.153
BMI0.6090.2167.9340.0051.839(1.204~2.809)
高血压0.8090.21114.740<0.0012.246(1.486~3.396)
用药依从性1.2250.23427.286<0.0013.403(2.149~5.387)
膳食质量1.3150.29819.486<0.0013.724(2.077~6.676)
久坐行为水平10.6520.005
中水平0.7480.3125.7480.0172.113(1.146~3.896)
高水平1.0280.31510.6420.0012.796(1.507~5.186)
健康素养55.240<0.001
低改善意愿型0.8060.2569.9110.0022.238(1.355~3.696)
高信心应对型-1.1460.24721.457<0.0010.318(0.196~0.516)
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老年2型糖尿病患者健康素养的潜在类别及其与血糖控制水平的关系
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史雪菲 1 , 赵雅宁 1 , 秦艳梅 1 , 顾小颖 2 , 乔丽敏 1 , 王明慧 1
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(21): 3883-3889
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(21): 3883-3889
老年2型糖尿病患者健康素养的潜在类别及其与血糖控制水平的关系
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史雪菲1, 赵雅宁1 , 秦艳梅1, 顾小颖2, 乔丽敏1, 王明慧1
作者信息
  • 1.华北理工大学护理与康复学院,河北 唐山 063210
  • 2.华北理工大学附属医院
  • 史雪菲(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:健康管理

通讯作者:

赵雅宁,E-mail:
Potential categories of health literacy in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and their relationship with glycemic control
Xue-fei SHI1, Ya-ning ZHAO1 , Yan-mei QIN1, Xiao-ying GU2, Li-min QIAO1, Ming-hui WANG1
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
出版时间: 2024-11-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406310
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目的

探讨老年2型糖尿病患者健康素养的潜在类别及其与血糖控制水平的关系。

方法

采取便利抽样方法,于2021年9月—2022年8月选取华北理工大学附属医院的1 113名老年2型糖尿病患者为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、糖尿病健康素养量表等问卷的调查方式,对老年2型糖尿病患者健康素养进行潜在剖面分析,并检测糖化血红蛋白,采用χ2检验和二分类logistic回归分析健康素养的潜在类别与血糖控制的关系。

结果

患者健康素养水平可分为低改善意愿型(31.72%)、中均衡型(31.35%)、高信心应对型(36.93%)三个潜在类别,PSM成功匹配283对研究对象,低改善意愿型健康素养为老年2型糖尿病患者血糖控制不良的危险因素(OR=2.238,95%CI:1.355~3.696),高信心应对型健康素养是老年2型糖尿病患者血糖控制的促进因素(OR=0.318,95%CI:0.196~0.516)。

结论

高健康素养可促进老年2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制,对不同健康素养人群应开展有针对性的干预。

2型糖尿病  /  老年人  /  健康素养  /  血糖控制  /  潜在类别
Objective

To investigate the potential categories of health literacy in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and their relationship with glycemic control.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was employed to select 1 113 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes from the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology between September 2021 and August 2022. General demographic data and diabetes health literacy were assessed using questionnaires, including a diabetes health literacy scale. A latent profile analysis was conducted on the health literacy of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, and glycated hemoglobin levels were measured. The relationship between the latent categories of health literacy and glycemic control was analyzed using χ2 tests and binary logistic regression.

Results

The health literacy levels of patients could be categorized into three latent categories: low willingness to improve (31.72%), moderate balanced type (31.35%), and high confidence coping type (36.93%). Propensity score matching successfully matched 283 pairs of subjects. Low willingness to improve health literacy was identified as a risk factor for poor glycemic control in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (OR=2.238, 95%CI:1.355-3.696), while high confidence coping health literacy served as a promoting factor for glycemic control (OR=0.318,95%CI: 0.196-0.516).

Conclusion

High health literacy can facilitate glycemic control in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting that targeted interventions should be developed for different health literacy populations.

Type 2 diabetes  /  Elderly  /  Health literacy  /  Glycemic control  /  Latent categories
史雪菲, 赵雅宁, 秦艳梅, 顾小颖, 乔丽敏, 王明慧. 老年2型糖尿病患者健康素养的潜在类别及其与血糖控制水平的关系. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (21) : 3883 -3889 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406310
Xue-fei SHI, Ya-ning ZHAO, Yan-mei QIN, Xiao-ying GU, Li-min QIAO, Ming-hui WANG. Potential categories of health literacy in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and their relationship with glycemic control[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (21) : 3883 -3889 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406310
中国是糖尿病(diabete mellitus)患病人数最多的国家,2021年我国患病人数高达1.41亿之多,其中成年2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)占比达90%以上[1-2]。糖尿病有患病率高、病程长、并发症多的特点,寻找可控因素进行有效干预提高血糖控制水平尤为重要。已有研究证实,健康素养是T2DM患者血糖控制的重要影响因素,并得出健康素养越高其血糖控制越好的结论[3-4]。健康素养可能在健康知识获取、理解和利用上受多重信念影响而存在人群异质性,但既往研究[3]大多只从健康素养整体水平来探讨其与血糖控制的关系,极少关注健康素养异质性,导致临床干预效果不佳。鉴于此,本研究采用潜在类别分析法[5](latent class analysis,LCA)对健康素养的潜在类别进行分类,探讨老年T2DM患者健康素养各潜在类别与血糖控制水平的关系,为临床有效干预提供依据。
2021年9月—2022年8月华北理工大学附属医院的老年T2DM住院患者。纳入标准:(1)符合1999年WHO的T2DM诊断标准的住院患者;(2)年龄≥60周岁;(3)知情同意,自愿参加的患者。排除标准:(1)因存在严重并发症或者严重心、脑、肾以及恶性肿瘤者;(2)神志不清,精神失常和(或)因各种原因不同意参加问卷者。本研究伦理审批号为(2022098)
由研究团队自行设计,包括性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、家庭人均月收入等社会人口学资料,以及是否患有高血压等疾病相关资料。通过身高和体重来计算身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI),BMI=体重(kg)/身高(m)2。根据BMI得分分为正常组(<24.0 kg/m2)和超重/肥胖组(BMI≥24.0 kg/m2[6]
采用8条目Morisky用药依从性量表[7](8-item Morisky medication adherence scale,MMAS-8)评估患者用药依从性,该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.780。
采用连续3天24小时膳食回顾法对研究对象的食物摄入情况进行调查。使用DBI-22[8]对象膳食质量进行评价,根据中国居民膳食指南设立正、负端分和膳食质量距,以各指标分值绝对值总和来反映膳食质量,<20分为非膳食失衡,≥20分为膳食失衡。
结合Wijndaele K等[9]的研究和武亚飞等[10]的研究,针对我国老年人久坐行为的特点设计久坐行为日志,评估研究对象在过去1周日常生活中在9种常见领域的久坐时间,包括看电视、下棋、打电话等。本研究将久坐行为水平分为:低(≤4 h/d)、中(4~8 h/d)、高(≥8 h/d)三组。
采用由Ishikawa教授研制,由赵晓燕[11]引入的糖尿病健康素养量表,共3个维度,14个条目,总分越高表示糖尿病健康素养水平越高,量表的Cronbach α系数为0.868。
取晨起空腹静脉血5 ml,取0.5 ml置于抗凝瓶中混匀,采用高效液相色谱法,应用HbA1c仪和配套试剂盒进行。根据《中国T2DM防治指南(2020年版)》[13]:6.5%作为成人糖尿病患者HbA1c水平控制标准临界值,患者HbA1c<6.5%为达标,反之则未达标。
通过问卷和实验室指标检测的调查方式,现场问卷采用统一指导语向研究对象解释研究的目的和意义及问卷填写注意事项,由患者本人同意后填写,问卷当场发放和回收,共发放问卷1 270份,回收有效问卷1 113份,有效回收率为87.64%。
采用Mplus 8.3软件对老年T2DM患者健康素养进行潜在类别分析,从C1开始建立模型后逐步增加类别,依据拟合指数检验模型适配性来选取最优模型。使用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析,计数资料使用频数、构成比表示,应用邻近匹配法对HbA1c是否达标按照1∶1的比例进行倾向性评分匹配[14],卡钳值为0.01,单因素分析采用χ2检验,多因素采用logistic回归分析,检验水准α=0.05。
以糖尿病健康素养量表各维度得分为外显变量对老年T2DM患者健康素养进行潜在剖面分析,依次拟合1~5个潜在类别模型,各模型拟合指数见表1。模型的AIC、BIC和aBIC值从模型1开始不断减小,各模型的LMR和BLRT均达到显著水平,模型3熵值最接近1,分类精确度最高,结合模型可解释的实际意义,本研究选取模型3为最佳拟合模型。该模型中第一类别患者353例(31.72%),各维度得分均较低,尤以互动性和批判性维度得分显著最低,故命名为“低改善意愿型”健康素养组;第二类别患者349例(31.35%),各维度得分均处于中等水平,故命名为“中均衡型”健康素养组;第三类别患者411例(36.93%),各维度得分均较高,在互动性和批判性维度得分显著最高,故命名为“高信心应对型”健康素养组。见图1
不同类别健康素养类别在性别、年龄、文化程度、病程、家庭人均月收入、家庭网络、朋友网络和领悟社会支持的组间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),见表2
HbA1c达标308例,未达标805例。PSM成功匹配了283对研究对象,匹配后结果显示,HbA1c未达标组BMI超重/肥胖、罹患高血压、用药依从性较差、久坐行为中、高水平、膳食质量失衡、低改善意愿型、中均衡型健康素养所占比例均高于达标组且有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3
以HbA1c是否达标为因变量,单因素分析有意义者为自变量,进行多因素logistic回归分析,变量赋值见表4。结果显示,调整了BMI超重/肥胖、高血压、用药依从性、久坐行为、膳食质量等因素,为低改善意愿型是老年T2DM患者血糖控制不良的危险因素(OR=2.238),而高信心应对型是老年T2DM患者血糖控制的促进因素(OR=0.318)。见表5
研究发现,老年T2DM患者健康素养具有明显分类特征,最优可分为三个潜在类别:低改善意愿型组、中均衡型组和高信心应对型组。证实老年T2DM患者健康素养存在明显的人群异质性,这与吴燕[15]的研究结论相似。高信心应对型组得分最高,中均衡型组次之,低改善意愿型组最低。低改善意愿型组多以文化程度较低的高龄老人为主,随着年龄的增长,理解力、记忆力和运用健康知识的能力受限[16-17],疾病改善信念不足;再加之领悟社会支持较差,社交互动受损引起社会隔离,Holt-Lunstad J等[18]研究表明,良好的社会关系对老年人身心健康至关重要。该类患者是重点关注人群,医护人员应鼓励患者建立良好的社会关系,增加社会参与感和获得感[19];倡导患者及亲属共同参加健康教育讲座[15],学习健康知识的同时与患者共情[20],为患者提供心理支持,提高患者治疗配合度。中均衡型组患者以文化程度中等、病程较长者居多,患者文化程度有限,在准确描述病情和与医生有效沟通上存在障碍[4],且患病时间长,病情反复,易出现消极情绪[16],导致治疗积极性减退,影响预后。医护人员应关注患者患病心理,为患者提供健康知识和人文关怀[21],帮助患者树立疾病改善信念,促进健康。高信心应对型组大多分布在文化程度较高,经济条件和社会支持良好的群体。高文化水平有利于提高健康知识利用率[15],加之良好的社会关系和经济支持,减轻了患者就医负担,遵医依从性良好[22]。因此,医护人员应及早甄别健康素养类别,并进行个性化干预,促进健康行为。
本研究结果表明,老年T2DM患者的健康素养潜在类别与血糖控制水平存在相关关系,高信心应对型组可促进血糖控制。分析其可能原因,一方面,既往研究[4]已证实,健康素养是血糖控制的重要影响因素。糖尿病是一种需终身进行血糖控制的慢性疾病,患者长期面临身心双重挑战,易出现自我调节疲劳[23]导致血糖控制不良。而健康素养作为个体一种健康促进的决策能力,对缓解自我调节疲劳改善血糖控制起重要作用,所以不同类别的健康素养与血糖控制存在相关关系。另一方面,从知-信-行模式[24]可知,高信心应对型组健康知识有效利用率较高,疾病改善意愿强烈,自我管理[25]和遵医依从性良好[22],所以血糖控制理想。而低改善意愿型组患者获取健康知识能力尚可但健康知识利用率低,且疾病改善信念轻微,往往需要依靠他人监督和管理,处于被动[25],所以血糖控制不理想。这提示医护人员应广泛关注患者健康素养类别,对低改善意愿型患者进行健康教育宣讲传授感知和利用健康知识促进健康的方法与技能,鼓励患者养成良好的饮食习惯和生活作息,增强健康促进信念,提高健康素养,改善血糖控制水平。
  • 唐山市科技创新团队培养计划(18130218A)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406310
  • 接收时间:2024-06-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-11-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-18
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唐山市科技创新团队培养计划(18130218A)
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    1.华北理工大学护理与康复学院,河北 唐山 063210
    2.华北理工大学附属医院

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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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