Article(id=1241675637728006848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408052, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722787200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968141252, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1732464000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968141252, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968141252, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968141252, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241675628051755031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='22', pageStart='4033', pageEnd='4224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968138945, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968595676, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4212, endPage=4218, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241675640101983030, articleId=1241675637728006848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Study on the relationship between chronic diseases and self-rated health and depression tendency in middle-aged and elderly people in China, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To examine the relationship between the increase in chronic diseases, self-rated health, and depressive tendencies among middle-aged and older adults in China.

Methods

Using data from the 2015 and 2018 waves of CHARLS, this study investigated the mediating role of self-rated health and depressive tendencies in the relationship between the increase in chronic diseases among 12 637 Chinese adults aged 45 and above. The mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS 4.0 program and validated through the Bootstrap method.

Results

The prevalence of depressive tendencies among Chinese adults aged 45 and above was 37.11%. After controlling for relevant variables, the increase in chronic diseases significantly impacted both self-rated health and depressive tendencies (c value: t = 30.984, P<0.001; a value: t=17.072, P<0.001). When self-rated health was introduced as a variable, both the increase in chronic diseases and self-rated health significantly affected depressive tendencies (c’ value: t=8.915, P<0.001; b value: t=30.629, P<0.001). Self-rated health partially mediated the relationship between the increase in chronic diseases and depressive tendencies, with the highest effect proportion of 47.74%.

Conclusion

The increase in chronic diseases among middle-aged and older adults can influence depressive tendencies through self-rated health. To reduce depressive tendencies in these patients, it is essential to effectively improve their self-rated health.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wei-min GUAN, Huai-ju GE, Qing YU, Shi-hong DONG, Hui-yu JIA, Wen-jing CHANG, Shan JIANG, Wen-yu SU, Yan LIU, Yuan-tao QI, Xiu-li FU, Gui-feng MA), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241675641431577503, articleId=1241675637728006848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=我国中老年人增发慢性病与自评健康和抑郁倾向之间的关系研究, columnId=1228016570119680182, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=临床与预防, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨我国中老年人增发慢性病与自评健康和抑郁倾向三者之间的关系。

方法

使用CHARLS 2015年和2018年数据,通过PROCESS 4.0程序研究我国12 637例45岁及以上中老年人增发慢性病、自评健康和抑郁倾向之间的中介作用,并用Bootstrap法进行验证。

结果

我国45岁及以上中老年人的抑郁倾向检出率为37.11%。控制相关变量后,中老年人增发慢性病对自评健康和抑郁倾向均有影响(c值:t=30.984,P<0.001;a值:t=17.072,P<0.001),加入自评健康变量后,增发慢性病和自评健康均对中老年人的抑郁倾向有影响(c’值:t=8.915,P<0.001;b值:t=30.629,P<0.001);自评健康在中老年人增发慢性病和抑郁倾向之间存在部分中介的作用,且效应占比最高,为47.74%。

结论

中老年人增发慢性病可以通过自评健康影响抑郁倾向,为减少患者的抑郁倾向,必须有效改善慢性病患者的自评健康。

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马桂峰,E - mail:
付秀丽,E - mail:
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官为民(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计、精神卫生、慢性病

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Investigation and analysis of anxiety and depression in elderly chronic disease patients and its influencing factors[J]. Journal of International Psychiatry, 2024, 51(1): 143-146. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Investigation and analysis of anxiety and depression in elderly chronic disease patients and its influencing factors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241826557401039286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=49, issue=7, pageStart=1241, pageEnd=1245, 1258, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=45, authorNames=腾佳杉, 张勰, journalName=现代预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=腾佳杉,张勰.失能老年人抑郁状况及其影响因素研究[J].现代预防医学, 2022, 49(7): 1241-1245, 1258., articleTitle=失能老年人抑郁状况及其影响因素研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241826557476536759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=49, issue=7, pageStart=1241, pageEnd=1245, 1258, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Teng JS, Zhang X, journalName=Modern Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Teng JS, Zhang X. The influencing factors and depression status of the disabled elderly[J].Modern Preventive Medicine, 2022,49(7): 1241-1245, 1258. (In Chinese), articleTitle=The influencing factors and depression status of the disabled elderly, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241826551218635085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, awardId=LH2022GG06, language=CN, fundingSource=国家食品安全风险评估中心科研联合攻关计划项目(LH2022GG06), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241826551336075601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, awardId=SDYKC2023146, language=CN, fundingSource=2023年山东省研究生优质教育教学资源项目(SDYKC2023146), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241826551428350291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, awardId=23YKCSZSF10, language=CN, fundingSource=2023年潍坊医学院研究生课程思政示范课程项目(23YKCSZSF10), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241826538669278044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826538681860958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, companyId=1241826538669278044, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826538698638177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, companyId=1241826538669278044, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,山东 潍坊 261053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241826538790912873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826538795107177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, companyId=1241826538790912873, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.山东第一医科大学附属肿瘤医院(山东省医学科学院))]), AuthorCompany(id=1241826538908353395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826538916742006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, companyId=1241826538908353395, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.山东第二医科大学附属医院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241826548509114652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=DAG diagram of the control variables in the mediation model, figureFileSmall=KqKPwz6Z88du9MQ4WtE3WQ==, figureFileBig=mm96nDAgB09p+s60G6ifJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826548647526690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, language=CN, label=图1, caption=中介模型中控制变量的DAG图示, figureFileSmall=KqKPwz6Z88du9MQ4WtE3WQ==, figureFileBig=mm96nDAgB09p+s60G6ifJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826548785938729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Self-rated health status of middle-aged and elderly people (n=12 637)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量调查人数自评健康[n(%)]χ2P
不同个体(性别、年龄、疾病状况)
性别45.824P<0.001
6 1294 755(77.58)
6 5084 709(72.36)
年龄(岁)177.187P<0.001
45~543 8903 161(81.26)
55~644 3523 283(75.44)
65~743 3052 294(69.41)
≥751 090726(66.61)
失能1 052.717P<0.001
2 4431 205(49.32)
10 1948 259(81.02)
增发慢性病549.092P<0.001
7 5595 101(67.48)
5 0784 363(85.92)
抑郁倾向1 150.164P<0.001
4 6892 713(57.86)
7 9486 751(84.94)
个体行为方式
吸烟1.6960.190
5 4784 134(75.47)
7 1595 330(74.45)
饮酒197.263P<0.001
4 4873 688(82.19)
8 1505 776(70.87)
社交活动108.668P<0.001
7 1255 588(78.43)
5 5123 876(70.32)
夜晚睡眠时间325.542P<0.001
睡眠过短4 2722 791(65.33)
睡眠正常7 4095 954(80.36)
睡眠过长956719(75.21)
生活满意度507.013P<0.001
满意11 2768 785(77.91)
不满意1 361679(49.89)
社会支持网络
婚姻状况61.461P<0.001
已婚11 1978 507(75.96)
未婚/离异/丧偶/分居1 440957(66.46)
子女满意度112.160P<0.001
满意12 1269 183(75.73)
不满意511281(54.99)
社会经济地位
居住地93.001P<0.001
农村9 1696 657(72.60)
城市3 4682 807(80.94)
最高教育水平239.999P<0.001
小学及以下7 9295 573(70.29)
初中及以上4 7083 891(82.65)
其他社会结构因素
医疗保险2.3610.120
12 3369 250(74.98)
301214(71.10)
养老保险0.2210.640
11 3718 509(74.83)
1 266955(75.43)
灾难性医疗支出146.409P<0.001
8 2705 913(71.50)
4 3673 551(81.28)
), ArticleFig(id=1241826548894990638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中老年人的自评健康情况(n=12 637)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量调查人数自评健康[n(%)]χ2P
不同个体(性别、年龄、疾病状况)
性别45.824P<0.001
6 1294 755(77.58)
6 5084 709(72.36)
年龄(岁)177.187P<0.001
45~543 8903 161(81.26)
55~644 3523 283(75.44)
65~743 3052 294(69.41)
≥751 090726(66.61)
失能1 052.717P<0.001
2 4431 205(49.32)
10 1948 259(81.02)
增发慢性病549.092P<0.001
7 5595 101(67.48)
5 0784 363(85.92)
抑郁倾向1 150.164P<0.001
4 6892 713(57.86)
7 9486 751(84.94)
个体行为方式
吸烟1.6960.190
5 4784 134(75.47)
7 1595 330(74.45)
饮酒197.263P<0.001
4 4873 688(82.19)
8 1505 776(70.87)
社交活动108.668P<0.001
7 1255 588(78.43)
5 5123 876(70.32)
夜晚睡眠时间325.542P<0.001
睡眠过短4 2722 791(65.33)
睡眠正常7 4095 954(80.36)
睡眠过长956719(75.21)
生活满意度507.013P<0.001
满意11 2768 785(77.91)
不满意1 361679(49.89)
社会支持网络
婚姻状况61.461P<0.001
已婚11 1978 507(75.96)
未婚/离异/丧偶/分居1 440957(66.46)
子女满意度112.160P<0.001
满意12 1269 183(75.73)
不满意511281(54.99)
社会经济地位
居住地93.001P<0.001
农村9 1696 657(72.60)
城市3 4682 807(80.94)
最高教育水平239.999P<0.001
小学及以下7 9295 573(70.29)
初中及以上4 7083 891(82.65)
其他社会结构因素
医疗保险2.3610.120
12 3369 250(74.98)
301214(71.10)
养老保险0.2210.640
11 3718 509(74.83)
1 266955(75.43)
灾难性医疗支出146.409P<0.001
8 2705 913(71.50)
4 3673 551(81.28)
), ArticleFig(id=1241826549025014066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation analysis between chronic diseases, depression tendency and self-rated health in middle-aged and elderly people (r)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量增发慢性病抑郁倾向自评健康
增发慢性病1.00
抑郁倾向0.20a1.00
自评健康0.31a0.40a1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241826549159231798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中老年人增发慢性病、抑郁倾向与自评健康之间的相关性分析(r

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量增发慢性病抑郁倾向自评健康
增发慢性病1.00
抑郁倾向0.20a1.00
自评健康0.31a0.40a1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241826549259895097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Mediating effects among increased chronic disease, depressive tendency, and self-rated health

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量变量βt变量βt
自评健康X增发慢性病0.1627.148X抑郁倾向0.0430.629
M抑郁倾向0.0430.629M增发慢性病0.1627.148
R20.250R20.250
F303.211aF303.211a
抑郁倾向X增发慢性病0.328.915X自评健康1.5830.629
M自评健康1.5830.629M增发慢性病0.328.915
R20.330R20.330
F448.769aF448.769a
增发慢性病X抑郁倾向0.028.915X自评健康0.3427.148
M自评健康0.3427.148M抑郁倾向0.028.915
R20.120R20.120
F119.240aF119.240a
), ArticleFig(id=1241826549360558396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

增发慢性病、抑郁倾向和自评健康三者之间的中介效应

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量变量βt变量βt
自评健康X增发慢性病0.1627.148X抑郁倾向0.0430.629
M抑郁倾向0.0430.629M增发慢性病0.1627.148
R20.250R20.250
F303.211aF303.211a
抑郁倾向X增发慢性病0.328.915X自评健康1.5830.629
M自评健康1.5830.629M增发慢性病0.328.915
R20.330R20.330
F448.769aF448.769a
增发慢性病X抑郁倾向0.028.915X自评健康0.3427.148
M自评健康0.3427.148M抑郁倾向0.028.915
R20.120R20.120
F119.240aF119.240a
), ArticleFig(id=1241826549503164736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of the effects of chronic disease, depressive tendency and self-rated health

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应标准误效应值(95% CI占总效应比率
(%)
X:增发慢性病 M:抑郁倾向 Y:自评健康
总效应0.006 10.188 0(0.176 1~0.199 9)
直接效应0.005 90.160 8(0.149 1~0.172 4)
中介效应0.001 90.027 2(0.023 7~0.030 9)14.47
X:自评健康 M:抑郁倾向 Y:增发慢性病
总效应0.012 10.376 0(0.352 2~0.399 7)
直接效应0.012 60.343 2(0.318 4~0.368 0)
中介效应0.004 00.032 8(0.025 0~0.040 6)8.72
X:自评健康 M:增发慢性病 Y:抑郁倾向
总效应0.049 81.699 6(1.602 0~1.797 3)
直接效应0.051 51.577 6(1.476 6~1.678 5)
中介效应0.015 40.122 1(0.091 9~0.151 4)7.18
X:抑郁倾向 M:增发慢性病 Y:自评健康
总效应0.001 50.049 7(0.046 8~0.052 5)
直接效应0.001 40.043 9(0.041 0~0.046 7)
中介效应0.000 40.005 7(0.004 9~0.006 5)
X:抑郁倾向 M:自评健康 Y:增发慢性病
总效应0.002 10.036 3(0.032 2~0.040 5)
直接效应0.002 20.019 3(0.015 0~0.023 5)
中介效应0.000 80.017 1(0.015 5~0.018 7)47.11
X:增发慢性病 M:自评健康 Y:抑郁倾向
总效应0.036 40.621 3(0.549 9~0.692 6)
直接效应0.036 40.324 7(0.253 3~0.396 1)
中介效应0.013 40.296 6(0.271 0~0.322 8)47.74
), ArticleFig(id=1241826549612216644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675637728006848, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

增发慢性病、抑郁倾向和自评健康三者之间的效应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应标准误效应值(95% CI占总效应比率
(%)
X:增发慢性病 M:抑郁倾向 Y:自评健康
总效应0.006 10.188 0(0.176 1~0.199 9)
直接效应0.005 90.160 8(0.149 1~0.172 4)
中介效应0.001 90.027 2(0.023 7~0.030 9)14.47
X:自评健康 M:抑郁倾向 Y:增发慢性病
总效应0.012 10.376 0(0.352 2~0.399 7)
直接效应0.012 60.343 2(0.318 4~0.368 0)
中介效应0.004 00.032 8(0.025 0~0.040 6)8.72
X:自评健康 M:增发慢性病 Y:抑郁倾向
总效应0.049 81.699 6(1.602 0~1.797 3)
直接效应0.051 51.577 6(1.476 6~1.678 5)
中介效应0.015 40.122 1(0.091 9~0.151 4)7.18
X:抑郁倾向 M:增发慢性病 Y:自评健康
总效应0.001 50.049 7(0.046 8~0.052 5)
直接效应0.001 40.043 9(0.041 0~0.046 7)
中介效应0.000 40.005 7(0.004 9~0.006 5)
X:抑郁倾向 M:自评健康 Y:增发慢性病
总效应0.002 10.036 3(0.032 2~0.040 5)
直接效应0.002 20.019 3(0.015 0~0.023 5)
中介效应0.000 80.017 1(0.015 5~0.018 7)47.11
X:增发慢性病 M:自评健康 Y:抑郁倾向
总效应0.036 40.621 3(0.549 9~0.692 6)
直接效应0.036 40.324 7(0.253 3~0.396 1)
中介效应0.013 40.296 6(0.271 0~0.322 8)47.74
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我国中老年人增发慢性病与自评健康和抑郁倾向之间的关系研究
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官为民 1 , 葛怀举 1 , 于晴 1 , 董士红 1 , 贾蕙毓 1 , 常雯静 1 , 姜姗 1 , 苏文钰 1 , 柳言 2 , 齐元涛 2 , 付秀丽 3 , 马桂峰 1
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024,51(22): 4212-4218
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024, 51(22): 4212-4218
我国中老年人增发慢性病与自评健康和抑郁倾向之间的关系研究
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官为民1, 葛怀举1, 于晴1, 董士红1, 贾蕙毓1, 常雯静1, 姜姗1, 苏文钰1, 柳言2, 齐元涛2, 付秀丽3 , 马桂峰1
作者信息
  • 1.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 2.山东第一医科大学附属肿瘤医院(山东省医学科学院)
  • 3.山东第二医科大学附属医院
  • 官为民(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计、精神卫生、慢性病

通讯作者:

马桂峰,E - mail:
付秀丽,E - mail:
Study on the relationship between chronic diseases and self-rated health and depression tendency in middle-aged and elderly people in China
Wei-min GUAN1, Huai-ju GE1, Qing YU1, Shi-hong DONG1, Hui-yu JIA1, Wen-jing CHANG1, Shan JIANG1, Wen-yu SU1, Yan LIU2, Yuan-tao QI2, Xiu-li FU3 , Gui-feng MA1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2024-11-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408052
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目的

探讨我国中老年人增发慢性病与自评健康和抑郁倾向三者之间的关系。

方法

使用CHARLS 2015年和2018年数据,通过PROCESS 4.0程序研究我国12 637例45岁及以上中老年人增发慢性病、自评健康和抑郁倾向之间的中介作用,并用Bootstrap法进行验证。

结果

我国45岁及以上中老年人的抑郁倾向检出率为37.11%。控制相关变量后,中老年人增发慢性病对自评健康和抑郁倾向均有影响(c值:t=30.984,P<0.001;a值:t=17.072,P<0.001),加入自评健康变量后,增发慢性病和自评健康均对中老年人的抑郁倾向有影响(c’值:t=8.915,P<0.001;b值:t=30.629,P<0.001);自评健康在中老年人增发慢性病和抑郁倾向之间存在部分中介的作用,且效应占比最高,为47.74%。

结论

中老年人增发慢性病可以通过自评健康影响抑郁倾向,为减少患者的抑郁倾向,必须有效改善慢性病患者的自评健康。

中老年人  /  慢性病  /  慢性病共病  /  抑郁倾向  /  自评健康  /  中介作用
Objective

To examine the relationship between the increase in chronic diseases, self-rated health, and depressive tendencies among middle-aged and older adults in China.

Methods

Using data from the 2015 and 2018 waves of CHARLS, this study investigated the mediating role of self-rated health and depressive tendencies in the relationship between the increase in chronic diseases among 12 637 Chinese adults aged 45 and above. The mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS 4.0 program and validated through the Bootstrap method.

Results

The prevalence of depressive tendencies among Chinese adults aged 45 and above was 37.11%. After controlling for relevant variables, the increase in chronic diseases significantly impacted both self-rated health and depressive tendencies (c value: t = 30.984, P<0.001; a value: t=17.072, P<0.001). When self-rated health was introduced as a variable, both the increase in chronic diseases and self-rated health significantly affected depressive tendencies (c’ value: t=8.915, P<0.001; b value: t=30.629, P<0.001). Self-rated health partially mediated the relationship between the increase in chronic diseases and depressive tendencies, with the highest effect proportion of 47.74%.

Conclusion

The increase in chronic diseases among middle-aged and older adults can influence depressive tendencies through self-rated health. To reduce depressive tendencies in these patients, it is essential to effectively improve their self-rated health.

Middle-aged and elderly people  /  Chronic diseases  /  Comorbidity of chronic diseases  /  Depression tendency  /  Self-rated health  /  Mediating effect
官为民, 葛怀举, 于晴, 董士红, 贾蕙毓, 常雯静, 姜姗, 苏文钰, 柳言, 齐元涛, 付秀丽, 马桂峰. 我国中老年人增发慢性病与自评健康和抑郁倾向之间的关系研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4212 -4218 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408052
Wei-min GUAN, Huai-ju GE, Qing YU, Shi-hong DONG, Hui-yu JIA, Wen-jing CHANG, Shan JIANG, Wen-yu SU, Yan LIU, Yuan-tao QI, Xiu-li FU, Gui-feng MA. Study on the relationship between chronic diseases and self-rated health and depression tendency in middle-aged and elderly people in China[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4212 -4218 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408052
人口老龄化进程不断加深使老年人的健康问题日益突显,中老年人作为“潜在的”老年人群[1],更要给予重视。随着经济社会的飞速发展,中老年人普遍存在增发慢性病的现象。《健康中国行动(2019-2030年)》指出,我国慢性病患者总数已有1.8亿[2]。慢性病已成为我国的重大公共卫生问题,严重威胁中老年人的健康[3-5]。近年来,慢性病的发病率快速上升,增发慢性病使患者长期承受着疾病、经济等多种压力,极大增加抑郁倾向的发生风险[6],还会影响中老年人的自评健康[7]。抑郁倾向是中老年人最常见的精神障碍,严重影响患者的生活质量[8-9],也是我国重要的公共卫生问题,中老年人抑郁倾向问题不容忽视。自评健康具有比较理想的可获得性、易操作性、包容性和准确性,有助于比较不同社会群体之间的健康状况差异[10]
已有研究多探讨慢性病与抑郁倾向或自评健康之间的关系,鲜有研究三者之间的作用路径[11]。本研究使用CHARLS 2015和2018年全国追踪调查数据,借助健康社会决定因素框架划分相关因素,并利用中介模型研究增发慢性病、抑郁倾向与自评健康之间的作用路径,为更好的了解三者之间的关系提供科学的依据。
现提出以下假设:
假设1:增发慢性病、抑郁倾向与自评健康三者之间存在相关关系;假设2:抑郁倾向可以影响增发慢性病与自评健康之间的关系;假设3:增发慢性病可以影响抑郁倾向与自评健康之间的关系;假设4:自评健康可以影响增发慢性病与抑郁倾向之间的关系。
中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS)给研究者提供一个公开的、高质量的微观数据库,是我国首次对全国45岁及以上中老年人开展的具有代表性的人口调查。本研究使用CHARLS 2015和2018年数据(通过了北京大学生物医学伦理委员会的批准(IRB00001052-11015)),在剔除关键变量值缺失和不符合逻辑的数据后,共筛选出12 637名受访者纳入分析。
1.2.1 自评健康[12-13](Self-rated health),使用CHARLS 问卷中“下面我将问到一些关于您的健康状况的问题。您认为您的健康状况怎样?”来评估。该问题包括“很好、好、一般、不好和很不好”五项回答,依次赋分1-5分,得分≥3分为自评不健康,得分越高表明自评健康状况越差[14]
1.2.2 增发慢性病,表现为慢性病数量增加。本研究以CHARLS 2018年相对于2015年中老年人患慢性病的数量是否正向增加为判断依据。
1.2.3 抑郁倾向[15],使用简版流调中心抑郁量表(Center for Epidemiological Survey,Depression Scale,CES-D)进行评定。该量表共10条目(正向条目反向计分),对每条目的四个回答分别赋值0、1、2、3,得分取值为(0,30),得分越低表明心理健康状况越好,得分≥10分则认为存在抑郁倾向[16-17]
使用Stata 17.0 软件完成数据筛选和整理,用SPSS 25.0统计软件进行统计分析。描述计量资料用,描述计数资料用构成比或率,组间比较采用χ2检验,相关性分析采用偏相关,中介效应研究借助PROCESS 4.0程序。检验水准α=0.05。
本研究以12 637名45岁及以上中老年人作为研究对象,平均年龄为(60.79±0.08)岁;男性有6 129人(48.50%),女性有6 508人(51.50%);增发慢性病的有7 559人(59.82%),未增发慢性病的有5 078人(40.18%);存在抑郁倾向的有4 689人(37.11%),不存在抑郁倾向的有7 948人(62.89%);自评健康的有9 464人(74.89%),自评不健康的有3 173人(25.11%)。借助健康社会决定因素框架划分相关变量,详情见表1
χ2检验结果显示,中老年人自评健康在不同性别、年龄、居住地、婚姻状况、最高教育水平、夜晚睡眠时间、社交活动、饮酒、失能、灾难性医疗支出、生活满意度、子女满意度、抑郁倾向和增发慢性病之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。见表1
选择χ2检验结果显著的变量作为控制变量,使用Python 3.12绘制描述控制变量有效性的DAG图。图1显示,性别、年龄、居住地、婚姻状况、教育程度、社交活动和饮酒是高效的控制变量,而夜晚睡眠时间、失能、灾难性医疗支出、生活满意度和子女满意度是可能有效的控制变量(有效控制变量评估标准:①与自变量和因变量都有合理的联系;②能够防止自变量和因变量之间的虚假关联),为避免相关因素的影响,将可能有效的控制变量作为控制变量处理。
偏相关分析结果显示,控制相关变量后,中老年人增发慢性病与自评健康和抑郁倾向三者之间均存在显著的正相关关系。见表2
以中老年人增发慢性病、自评健康和抑郁倾向分别作为自变量、中介变量和因变量,在控制相关变量后,进行回归分析。结果见表3
Bootstrap检验对中老年人增发慢性病、抑郁倾向和自评健康之间的中介效应进行假设检验。随机重复抽样5 000次后,中介效应的Bootstrap 95% CI不包含0,说明中介效应显著。结果显示自评健康在中老年人增发慢性病和抑郁倾向之间存在部分中介的作用,且效应占比最大,为47.74%。见表4
自评健康是反映生命数量和质量的健康状况评价指标[13]。研究表明,慢性病会使患者自评健康状况下降[18],这说明患者的实际健康状况、生活质量和情绪状态等多方面可能存在着问题,需要帮助患者改善健康状况并提高生活质量。增发慢性病、自评健康及抑郁倾向之间的相互关系颇为复杂,探讨三者之间的作用路径,可以为它们的关系研究提供科学的理论支持,以更好地了解和应对中老年人的健康问题。
偏相关分析结果显示,增发慢性病与自评健康和抑郁倾向三者之间均存在显著的正相关关系,这为探究三者之间的作用路径奠定了基础,本研究选取中介效应最高的路径重点讨论。
已有研究表明,增发慢性病会导致自评健康状况损失,给个人、家庭和社会带来沉重的负担[3,19]。本研究结果显示,中老年人增发慢性病对其自评健康有显著影响,即中老年人增发慢性病会使其自评健康状况下降。这不仅影响个体的生活质量,还会对整体的社会福利和经济发展产生影响。另外,自评健康状况下降还可能会给公共卫生政策和社会规划带来挑战。因此,我们需要重视并采取措施改善中老年人的自评健康状况,维护个体和社会的健康福祉[20]
研究发现,我国中老年人群抑郁倾向检出率为37.11%,略高于段芮等[21]的研究(2018年,35.00%)。低于袁东玲等[22]的研究(2018年, 51.07%)。这可能与研究设计和数据的纳入排除标准等有关。本研究结果显示,中老年人增发慢性病,抑郁倾向的发生风险也会增加,这与已有研究结果一致[23]。抑郁倾向会降低工作效率,增加工作压力,甚至会产生自杀的念头或行为,对个人和家庭造成巨大的痛苦和损失。因此,我们要调整生活方式和心态,减少抑郁倾向,提高生活质量。
自评健康是对自身健康的主观评价,研究结果显示,自评健康在增发慢性病和抑郁倾向之间存在部分中介作用(占总效应47.74%)。自评不健康说明中老年人对自身目前的状态不太满意,负面情绪就会相对较多,这可能是因为自评不健康人群获得的社会支持等较少,这就导致了情绪水平出现波动,从而增加抑郁倾向风险,这与腾佳杉等[24]的研究结果一致。因此,为预防和减少抑郁倾向的发生,改善中老年人的自评健康是行之有效的。
综上所述,增发慢性病、自评健康和抑郁倾向之间可以互相影响,应重点关注自评健康在增发慢性病影响抑郁倾向中的作用路径。可以定期开展常规健康检测,加强营养干预,同时增强社会参与,发展中老年人社交网络,改善和提高患者的自评健康,以期有效预防和减少抑郁倾向的发生。
本研究存在一定的局限性。作用路径上可能存在其他变量影响,有待进一步考究;有关自评健康的研究缺乏,需要进一步探索;对增发慢性病、抑郁倾向和自评健康之间的关系研究深度太浅,未来需进一步挖掘研究。
  • 国家食品安全风险评估中心科研联合攻关计划项目(LH2022GG06)
  • 2023年山东省研究生优质教育教学资源项目(SDYKC2023146)
  • 2023年潍坊医学院研究生课程思政示范课程项目(23YKCSZSF10)
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2024年第51卷第22期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408052
  • 接收时间:2024-08-05
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-05
基金
国家食品安全风险评估中心科研联合攻关计划项目(LH2022GG06)
2023年山东省研究生优质教育教学资源项目(SDYKC2023146)
2023年潍坊医学院研究生课程思政示范课程项目(23YKCSZSF10)
作者信息
    1.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,山东 潍坊 261053
    2.山东第一医科大学附属肿瘤医院(山东省医学科学院)
    3.山东第二医科大学附属医院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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