Article(id=1241675635962212607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406232, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718553600000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968140831, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1732464000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968140831, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968140831, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968140831, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241675628051755031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='22', pageStart='4033', pageEnd='4224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968138945, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968595676, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4033, endPage=4037, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241675636356477215, articleId=1241675635962212607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A longitudinal correlation study between cognitive function and activities of daily living in rural elderly, Guizhou, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the longitudinal correlation between cognitive function (CF) and activities of daily living (ADL) of the rural elderly in Guizhou province, and to provide theoretical basis for preventing and controlling health problems of the elderly.

Methods

The multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select the elderly aged 60 years and above from 12 villages in 2 counties(districts) of Guizhou Province as the research objects. In this study, 792 elderly people who participated in two surveys in 2019 (T1) and 2022 (T2) and were ≥60 years old at baseline with complete variable values were selected as survey subjects. The cross-lagged model was used to investigate the longitudinal relationship between cognitive function and ADL.

Results

The cross-lagged model showed that T1 ADL could predict T2 cognitive function after controlling T1 cognitive function (β= -0.120, P<0.001). After controlling for T1 ADL, T1 cognitive function predicted T2 ADL (β= -0.099, P=0.005). In the study of the association between two dimensions of ADL and cognitive function, it was found that T1 IADL could predict T2 cognitive function after controlling for T1 cognitive function (β= -0.138, P<0.001). Similarly, after controlling T1 IADL, T1 cognitive function could predict T2 IADL (β= -0.124, P<0.001). But there was no predictive effect between BADL and cognitive function.

Conclusion

There is a longitudinal bidirectional correlation between cognitive function and activities of daily living of the rural elderly in Guizhou, only between IADL and cognitive function, suggesting that strengthening the monitoring and intervention of cognitive function of the elderly can help reducing the risk of the decline of IADL in the elderly, and strengthening the training of IADL plays an important role in delaying cognitive decline.

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目的

探讨贵州农村老年人认知功能(Cognitive Function,CF)与日常生活能力(Activities of Daily Living,ADL)是否存在纵向相互关联,为预防和控制农村老年人健康问题提供理论依据。

方法

采用多阶段整群抽样方法,选取贵州省2个县(区)内12个村60岁及以上老年人为研究对象,于2019年进行基线(T1)调查,2022年进行随访(T2),将同时完成两次调查且变量值完整的792例老年人纳入本次分析;采用交叉滞后模型分析认知功能与日常生活能力之间的纵向关系。

结果

在校正相应协变量后的交叉滞后分析结果显示,控制T1认知功能后,T1日常生活能力可以预测T2认知功能(β= -0.120, P<0.001);控制T1日常生活能力后,T1认知功能可以预测T2日常生活能力(β= -0.099, P=0.005)。进一步将ADL分为基础性日常生活能力(Basic Activities of Daily Living,BADL)和工具性日常生活能力(Instrumental Activities of Daily Living,IADL)后进行分析,在控制T1认知功能后,T1 IADL能够预测T2认知功能(β= -0.138, P<0.001),同样,控制T1 IADL后,T1认知功能可以预测T2 IADL(β= -0.124, P<0.001),BADL与认知功能之间没有预测作用。

结论

贵州农村老年人的认知功能与日常生活能力(仅IADL)之间存在纵向双向关联,提示了加强监测与干预老年人的认知功能有助于减少老年人的工具性日常生活能力下降风险,加强对工具性日常生活能力的训练对延缓认知下降也具有重要作用。

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杨敬源,E-mail:
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王静(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:慢性病流行病学

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注:路径系数为控制协变量后的标准化系数; *P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;实线表示显著路径,虚线表示不显著的路径;A认知功能与ADL的交叉滞后模型结果;B认知功能与BADL的交叉滞后模型结果;C认知功能与IADL的交叉滞后模型结果。

, figureFileSmall=9PFEBWCtAXjX4OaoClgb0g==, figureFileBig=dyOsdzo443ngGs58CGYoDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826547607339257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675635962212607, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Cross-lagged panel analysis of cognitive function and activities of daily living (Controlled covariates), figureFileSmall=YS0jqIIRcPwcyV7toNEBgQ==, figureFileBig=EtyR1bmqLO8GZDgpKVM5yA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826547712196861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675635962212607, language=CN, label=图2, caption=认知功能与日常生活能力的交叉滞后分析(调整协变量后)

注:路径系数为控制协变量后的标准化系数; *P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;实线表示显著路径,虚线表示不显著的路径;控制的协变量包括:年龄、性别、婚姻状况、教育程度、家庭年收入、自评健康状况和体育锻炼情况。A认知功能与ADL的交叉滞后模型结果;B认知功能与BADL的交叉滞后模型结果;C认知功能与IADL的交叉滞后模型结果。

, figureFileSmall=YS0jqIIRcPwcyV7toNEBgQ==, figureFileBig=EtyR1bmqLO8GZDgpKVM5yA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826547884163329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675635962212607, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics of research objects (n=792)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量基线(T1随访(T2ZP
年龄[M(P25, P75)]70(66,75)73(69.77)-9.562>0.001
女性[n(%)]474(59.8)---
在婚[n(%)]496(62.6)473(59.7)-1.1850.236
教育程度[n(%)]--
文盲/半文盲600(75.8)-
小学117(14.8)-
初中及以上75(9.4)-
家庭年收入[n(%)]-4.367<0.001
<1万元252(31.8)267(33.7)
1~3万元247(31.2)344(43.4)
3~5万元178(22.5)136(17.2)
>5万元115(14.5)45(5.7)
自评健康[n(%)]-0.0290.977
270(34.1)285(36.0)
一般229(28.9)298(37.6)
293(37.0)209(26.4)
锻炼[n(%)]-5.395<0.001
<10分钟417(52.7)287(36.2)
10~30分钟151(19.1)247(31.2)
31~60分钟131(16.5)124(15.7)
>60分钟93(11.7)134(16.9)
ADL[M(P25, P75)]15(14,17)14(14,16)-7.738<0.001
BADL[M(P25, P75)]6(6,6)6(6,6)-0.5770.564
IADL[M(P25, P75)]9(8,11)8(8,10)-7.753<0.001
MMSE[M(P25, P75)]22(18,26)21(16,25)-5.325<0.001
认知障碍[n(%)]194(24.5)286(36.1)-5.028<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241826547993215238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675635962212607, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象的基本情况(n=792)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量基线(T1随访(T2ZP
年龄[M(P25, P75)]70(66,75)73(69.77)-9.562>0.001
女性[n(%)]474(59.8)---
在婚[n(%)]496(62.6)473(59.7)-1.1850.236
教育程度[n(%)]--
文盲/半文盲600(75.8)-
小学117(14.8)-
初中及以上75(9.4)-
家庭年收入[n(%)]-4.367<0.001
<1万元252(31.8)267(33.7)
1~3万元247(31.2)344(43.4)
3~5万元178(22.5)136(17.2)
>5万元115(14.5)45(5.7)
自评健康[n(%)]-0.0290.977
270(34.1)285(36.0)
一般229(28.9)298(37.6)
293(37.0)209(26.4)
锻炼[n(%)]-5.395<0.001
<10分钟417(52.7)287(36.2)
10~30分钟151(19.1)247(31.2)
31~60分钟131(16.5)124(15.7)
>60分钟93(11.7)134(16.9)
ADL[M(P25, P75)]15(14,17)14(14,16)-7.738<0.001
BADL[M(P25, P75)]6(6,6)6(6,6)-0.5770.564
IADL[M(P25, P75)]9(8,11)8(8,10)-7.753<0.001
MMSE[M(P25, P75)]22(18,26)21(16,25)-5.325<0.001
认知障碍[n(%)]194(24.5)286(36.1)-5.028<0.001
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贵州农村老年人认知功能与日常生活能力的纵向关联研究
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王静 1 , 桂诗琦 1 , 李秋硕 1 , 杨星 1, 2 , 周全湘 3 , 杨敬源 1
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(22): 4033-4037
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(22): 4033-4037
贵州农村老年人认知功能与日常生活能力的纵向关联研究
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王静1, 桂诗琦1, 李秋硕1, 杨星1, 2, 周全湘3, 杨敬源1
作者信息
  • 1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 2.贵州医科大学医药卫生管理学院
  • 3.黔南民族医学高等专科学校
  • 王静(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:慢性病流行病学

通讯作者:

杨敬源,E-mail:
A longitudinal correlation study between cognitive function and activities of daily living in rural elderly, Guizhou
Jing WANG1, Shi-qi GUI1, Qiu-shuo LI1, Xing YANG1, 2, Quan-xiang ZHOU3, Jing-yuan YANG1
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Disease Control of Ministry of Education, School of Public Hygiene and Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
出版时间: 2024-11-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406232
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目的

探讨贵州农村老年人认知功能(Cognitive Function,CF)与日常生活能力(Activities of Daily Living,ADL)是否存在纵向相互关联,为预防和控制农村老年人健康问题提供理论依据。

方法

采用多阶段整群抽样方法,选取贵州省2个县(区)内12个村60岁及以上老年人为研究对象,于2019年进行基线(T1)调查,2022年进行随访(T2),将同时完成两次调查且变量值完整的792例老年人纳入本次分析;采用交叉滞后模型分析认知功能与日常生活能力之间的纵向关系。

结果

在校正相应协变量后的交叉滞后分析结果显示,控制T1认知功能后,T1日常生活能力可以预测T2认知功能(β= -0.120, P<0.001);控制T1日常生活能力后,T1认知功能可以预测T2日常生活能力(β= -0.099, P=0.005)。进一步将ADL分为基础性日常生活能力(Basic Activities of Daily Living,BADL)和工具性日常生活能力(Instrumental Activities of Daily Living,IADL)后进行分析,在控制T1认知功能后,T1 IADL能够预测T2认知功能(β= -0.138, P<0.001),同样,控制T1 IADL后,T1认知功能可以预测T2 IADL(β= -0.124, P<0.001),BADL与认知功能之间没有预测作用。

结论

贵州农村老年人的认知功能与日常生活能力(仅IADL)之间存在纵向双向关联,提示了加强监测与干预老年人的认知功能有助于减少老年人的工具性日常生活能力下降风险,加强对工具性日常生活能力的训练对延缓认知下降也具有重要作用。

认知功能  /  日常生活能力  /  交叉滞后模型
Objective

To explore the longitudinal correlation between cognitive function (CF) and activities of daily living (ADL) of the rural elderly in Guizhou province, and to provide theoretical basis for preventing and controlling health problems of the elderly.

Methods

The multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select the elderly aged 60 years and above from 12 villages in 2 counties(districts) of Guizhou Province as the research objects. In this study, 792 elderly people who participated in two surveys in 2019 (T1) and 2022 (T2) and were ≥60 years old at baseline with complete variable values were selected as survey subjects. The cross-lagged model was used to investigate the longitudinal relationship between cognitive function and ADL.

Results

The cross-lagged model showed that T1 ADL could predict T2 cognitive function after controlling T1 cognitive function (β= -0.120, P<0.001). After controlling for T1 ADL, T1 cognitive function predicted T2 ADL (β= -0.099, P=0.005). In the study of the association between two dimensions of ADL and cognitive function, it was found that T1 IADL could predict T2 cognitive function after controlling for T1 cognitive function (β= -0.138, P<0.001). Similarly, after controlling T1 IADL, T1 cognitive function could predict T2 IADL (β= -0.124, P<0.001). But there was no predictive effect between BADL and cognitive function.

Conclusion

There is a longitudinal bidirectional correlation between cognitive function and activities of daily living of the rural elderly in Guizhou, only between IADL and cognitive function, suggesting that strengthening the monitoring and intervention of cognitive function of the elderly can help reducing the risk of the decline of IADL in the elderly, and strengthening the training of IADL plays an important role in delaying cognitive decline.

Cognitive function  /  Activities of daily living  /  Cross-lagged analysis
王静, 桂诗琦, 李秋硕, 杨星, 周全湘, 杨敬源. 贵州农村老年人认知功能与日常生活能力的纵向关联研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4033 -4037 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406232
Jing WANG, Shi-qi GUI, Qiu-shuo LI, Xing YANG, Quan-xiang ZHOU, Jing-yuan YANG. A longitudinal correlation study between cognitive function and activities of daily living in rural elderly, Guizhou[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4033 -4037 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406232
随着我国人口老龄化,老年人健康问题日益突出,尤其是认知功能和日常生活能力下降,可导致老年人多种不良健康结局和生活质量下降,增加家庭和社会医疗负担[1]。日常生活能力(Activities of Daily Living,ADL)包括基础性日常生活能力(Basic Activities of Daily Living,BADL)和工具性日常生活能力(Instrumental Activities of Daily Living,IADL)两部分,BADL指吃饭、穿衣和洗澡等独立生活所需的最基本的能力,IADL指对独立功能至关重要的更复杂的任务,例如拜访邻居、购物、做饭和洗衣服等[2]。BADL评分主要与额叶萎缩相关,而IADL与更广泛的额叶、颞叶和枕叶萎缩相关[3],可能需要更高的认知功能[4]。既往部分关于两者双向关联的研究发现,认知功能下降与日常生活能力受损常伴随发生,两者之间可互相影响,即存在双向关联[5],然而,也有结果并没显示两者之间的双向关联,仅仅是身体衰退可预测认知功能下降[6-7],甚至身体功能与认知功能之间的互相影响在不同年龄段也不一致[8],这些研究主要在西方国家中进行。近期一项研究数据来自中国健康与退休纵向研究(CHARLS)的研究结果与西方国家存在差异[9],这提示研究结果与研究对象的居住环境、文化背景、教育程度等不同有关,因此,有必要在不同人群中探索认知功能与日常生活能力之间的关联及方向,以便更好地指导不同老年人群的健康。相对于城市老年人群,农村地区老年人群往往具有认知功能相对较低的特点[10],而专门针对农村人群关于日常生活能力与认知功能关系的研究较少,尤其是中国西部地区贵州老年人群的研究较为缺乏。为此,本研究以贵州省农村老年人为研究对象,探讨老年人群日常生活能力下降和认知功能发生变化的先后顺序以及随后的相互影响关系,以期更好地指导该地区老年人健康工作。
本研究数据来源于“贵州省汉、布依族老年人甲状腺功能减退与轻度认知障碍关系的前瞻性队列研究”,这是一项在中国贵州农村开展的基于人群的前瞻性研究。采用多阶段整群抽样方法,抽取贵州省贵阳市花溪区和黔南州贵定县为一级抽样单位,然后每个县(区)随机抽取2个乡镇,每个乡镇随机抽取3个行政村为调查地点,共12个行政村,于2019年7—8月对所有符合条件的研究对象进行基线调查,随访调查于2022年7—8月进行。本研究以同时参加2019年(T1)和2022年(T2)两次调查,基线时年龄≥60岁的老年人作为调查对象,在剔除数据缺失及不合格的样本后,最终得到792个样本。本次调查研究获得了贵州医科大学伦理委员会批准(批准号:2018伦审第92号),所有研究对象知情并均签署了知情同意书。
调查前由课题组统一对调查人员进行规范性培训,合格后开展相关调查。所有被调查对象均在知情同意情况下,采取集中与入户相结合的形式进行面对面方式的问卷调查,获取调查对象的一般人口学资料、体育锻炼情况、健康情况等信息。
采用简易精神状态评价量表(Mini-mental State Examination,MMSE)评估老年人的认知功能,包括定向力、记忆力、注意力和计算力、回忆力和语言能力5个方面共30个条目[10],每个条目回答正确计1分,其总分范围为0~30分。MMSE的总分为30分,得分越低提示认知功能越差。评估结果与受教育程度相关,将文盲组得分≤17分、小学组得分≤20分、初中及以上组得分≤24分则定义为存在认知功能障碍[11]
采用日常生活能力量表(ADL)来评估研究对象的日常生活能力,包括基础性日常生活能力量表(BADL)和工具性日常生活能力量表(IADL)两部分,共14项内容。前者指独立生活所需的最基本的能力,包括吃饭、穿衣、洗澡、梳洗、上厕所、室内行走6项,后者指复杂的日常或社会活动能力,包括打电话、做家务、洗衣服、做饭、购物、吃药、乘公共交通、自理经济8项[2]。每项内容完成程度分4级,采用1~4分四级评分法:自己完全可以做(1分)、有些困难(2分)、需要帮助(3分)、根本无法做(4分)。总分为14~56分,得分越高,说明日常生活能力受损越严重。
本研究中调整的协变量均来自基线数据(2019年)。包括年龄、性别、教育程度、婚姻状况、家庭年收入、自评健康状况和体育锻炼。其中,婚姻状况分为2个亚组:在婚(包括同居)、未婚(丧偶/离婚/未婚/分居);教育程度依据研究对象是否完成相应阶段学习,分为文盲/半文盲、小学、初中及以上;家庭年收入通过研究对象的回答分为:1万元以下、1~3万元、3~5万元、5万元以上;自评健康状况根据问卷回答分为好(非常好/好)、一般、差(非常差/差);体育锻炼通过询问调查对象“你每天花费多少时间锻炼身体(除务农)”,分为10分钟以内、10~30分钟、31~60分钟、60分钟以上。
采用SPSS 22.0及R 4.3.3软件进行统计学分析。计量资料服从正态分布数据采用“均数±标准差”进行统计描述,对于偏态分布数据采用M(P25, P75)进行统计描述,计数资料采用频数和率或构成比进行统计描述;采用非参数检验进行重复测量的组内比较,例如比较认知功能的基线和随访数据。采用R 4.3.3软件中的“lavaan”包拟合日常生活能力与认知功能的交叉滞后模型,以检查在2个时间点测量的认知功能和日常生活能力之间可能的纵向相互关联及方向。检验水准α=0.05(双侧)。
本研究共纳入792名60岁以上老年人,基线平均年龄为70(66, 75)岁;超过半数的是女性老年人474(59.8%);婚姻状况在婚者占比最大(62.6%);大部分的教育程度在文盲/半文盲(75.8%);其余详见表1
图1显示了未控制协变量时认知功能与ADL及BADL、IADL的交叉滞后路径分析(拟合优度为饱和模型:χ2/df=0.000,RMSEA=0.000,CFI=1.00)。其中,图1-A显示了在控制T1认知功能后,T1日常生活能力能够预测T2认知功能(β= -0.136,P<0.001);同样,控制T1日常生活能力后,T1认知功能可以预测T2日常生活能力(β= -0.111,P=0.002)。进一步将ADL分为BADL和IADL后进行分析(见图1-B、C),在研究认知功能与各维度ADL时发现,在控制T1认知功能后,T1 IADL能够正向预测T2认知功能(β= -0.156,P<0.001);同样,控制T1IADL后,T1认知功能可以正向预测T2 IADL(β= -0.138,P<0.001),BADL与认知功能之间没有预测作用。进一步控制性别、年龄等变量后认知功能与ADL双向关联(图2-A),以及认知功能和IADL的双向关联依然存在(图2-C),但认知功能与BADL的互相预测作用均无统计学意义(图2-B)。
本次基于贵州农村老年人的随访人群分析,在考虑基线水平和相关的协变量后,老年人认知功能与日常生活能力之间存在纵向双向关联,即认知功能对ADL有预测作用,且ADL对认知功能也有预测作用;进一步将ADL分为BADL和IADL后分析发现,认知功能与IADL之间存在纵向双向关联,而与BADL之间没有纵向关联关系。
本研究结果显示了老年人日常生活能力与认知功能之间存在双向关联,与先前的部分研究结果一致[5,9]。而一项对上海六个城市社区老年人的研究以及基于华盛顿大学阿尔茨海默病研究中心(ADRC)的记忆和衰老纵向研究中并没有发现两者的双向关联,仅有基线认知功能是随访的日常生活能力下降的重要预测指标[6-7],中国纵向健康长寿调查(CLHLS)的7年纵向数据表明[8],T1的身体功能对T2认知功能有正预测,然而这种预测关系在T2和T3之间逆转,T2的认知功能预测了T3的身体功能。与这些结果的不一致,可能因为本次对象来自贵州农村地区,其人群的文化程度相对较低等原因导致,这也提示不同人群认知功能与日常生活能力的关联可能存在异质性。
进一步分析BADL和IADL与认知功能的关系,本次仅发现了IADL与认知功能的双向关联,提示了加强IADL和认知功能的预防或维持对促进老年人生活质量更有意义。IADL对认知功能有预测价值,可能的原因是IADL受损可能会阻止老年人履行社会角色并减少他们参与日常活动(如购物、乘坐公共交通工具和在社区周围散步)的机会[12],导致老年人参与社会交往的减少,社会交往是老年人获得信息和社会支持的重要途径,进而导致老年人的认知功能会下降[13-14],本次结果也提示了老年人加强IADL的维持,如做家务、自理经济、乘坐公共交通等对促进老年人认知功能十分重要。像打牌或麻将这样的社会活动尤其需要人们记忆、计算、回忆、注意和交流,这改善了各种类型的认知[15]
本次研究显示了认知功能与IADL和BADL均存在现况关联,在控制相关的协变量后,认知功能对IADL有预测价值,但对BADL的预测无统计学意义,这与Rosenthal的研究一致[16]。研究发现,IADL损伤的存在通常发生在BADL损伤之前[17],且IADL的下降受认知功能的影响,在痴呆过程中相对较早出现受损。与BADL相比,IADL通常涉及更复杂、更多样化的日常生活活动,这需要多个认知领域和认知灵活性才能共同完成[18],对于早期发现认知功能下降的老年人,预测其IADL损伤似乎比BADL损伤更为突出[19]。这些结果提示了监测与干预老年人的认知功能,可减少老年人IADL受损的风险,如在开展公共卫生服务时,实现认知功能筛查、认知障碍风险评估和疾病的动态监测相协同;加强康复训练、鼓励老年人多从事一些活动来维持认知功能,如跳广场舞、打太极拳等这样的身体活动可以促进血液循环、增加大脑的氧气供应,并通过刺激神经系统来促进认知功能的发展和保持[20],还有集体社会活动可通过增加人际交流和社会支持以及减少心理压力来影响认知[21]
本次研究也存在一些不足。首先,本研究人群是贵州少数民族地区的农村老年人,不能推广到所有的农村人群。其次,本研究的样本量也是有限的,还需在更大样本量的人群中进一步证实。尽管如此,本次发现贵州农村老年人认知功能与日常生活能力(仅IADL)之间存在纵向双向关联,老年人基线工具性日常生活能力能够预测三年后的认知功能,提示加强对工具性日常生活能力的训练,对延缓认知下降具有重要作用;加强监测与干预老年人的认知功能有助于减少老年人的日常生活能力下降风险,对有认知功能下降的老年人,可进行相关干预措施,从而降低认知功能下降带来的失能疾病负担。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(81860598)
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2024年第51卷第22期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406232
  • 接收时间:2024-06-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-17
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(81860598)
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    1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025
    2.贵州医科大学医药卫生管理学院
    3.黔南民族医学高等专科学校

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杨敬源,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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