Article(id=1241675634473234563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407276, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721059200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968140476, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1732464000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968140476, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968140476, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968140476, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241675628051755031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='22', pageStart='4033', pageEnd='4224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968138945, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968595676, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4101, endPage=4106, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241675635358232770, articleId=1241675634473234563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Correlation and influencing factors of self-assessed oral health and clinical examination results in 12-year-old adolescents, Guizhou, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the correlation between adolescents’ self-assessment of oral health and oral examination results assessed according to WHO-recommended standards and to analyze the factors influencing adolescents’ self-assessment of oral health.

Methods

A total of 2 146 adolescents aged 12 from 11 districts and counties in Guizhou Province were selected through multi-stage random sampling. Oral health examinations and a questionnaire survey were conducted according to the methods and standards of the Fourth National Oral Health Epidemiological Survey. Kendall correlation analysis was used to compare the correlation between the results of the two evaluation methods. The chi-squared (χ2) test and ordered logistic regression analysis were employed to analyze the factors affecting adolescents’ self-assessment of oral health status.

Results

There was a significant correlation between self-rated oral health and oral examination results. Statistical differences were observed in adolescents’ self-rated oral health based on different economic regions, brushing habits, general health evaluations, experiences of dental trauma, toothache, and the number of siblings (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Adolescents’ self-assessment of oral health can reflect their actual oral health status. It is recommended to focus on the key factors affecting adolescents’ oral health, promote and popularize proper brushing techniques, and improve the utilization rate of oral health services.

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目的

了解青少年口腔健康自评情况与根据WHO推荐标准评定的口腔检查结果的相关性,分析影响青少年口腔健康自评的因素。

方法

采用多阶段随机抽样,抽取贵州省11个区县的2 146名12岁青少年,根据第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查的方法和标准进行口腔健康检查和问卷调查。采用Kendall相关分析比较两种评估方法结果的相关性, χ2检验、有序logistic回归分析用于分析影响青少年口腔健康状况自评的因素。

结果

自评口腔健康和口腔检查结果具有一定的相关性。不同经济地区、刷牙习惯、全身健康评价、牙外伤经历、牙疼经历和兄弟姐妹数量的青少年口腔健康自评存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。

结论

青少年口腔健康自评能反映其一定的口腔健康状况。建议关注影响青少年口腔状况的关键因素,推广并普及正确的刷牙方法,提高口腔卫生服务的利用率。

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戴泰鸣,E-mail:
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陈欣月(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:儿童口腔健康管理

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陈欣月(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:儿童口腔健康管理

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Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2020, 48(4): 257-263., articleTitle=Association between dentalpain and oral health-related quality of Life in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241826548886602028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634473234563, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=26, issue=6, pageStart=4615, pageEnd=4622, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Vargas AW, Maroneze MC, Ortiz FR, journalName=Clinical Oral Investigations, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vargas AW, Maroneze MC, Ortiz FR, et al. Influence of toothache on oral health-related quality of Life during adolescence: a cohort study[J]. Clinical Oral Investigations, 2022, 26(6): 4615-4622., articleTitle=Influence of toothache on oral health-related quality of Life during adolescence: a cohort study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241826543656304764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634473234563, awardId=gzwjkj2019-1-173, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省卫健委科学技术基金项目(gzwjkj2019-1-173), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241826543790522501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634473234563, awardId=gzwkj2024-453, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省卫健委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2024-453), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241826543912157325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634473234563, awardId=筑科合同[2022]-4-12-1号, language=CN, fundingSource=贵阳市科技计划项目(筑科合同[2022]-4-12-1号), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241826537935274795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634473234563, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826537939469102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634473234563, companyId=1241826537935274795, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Medical College, GuiZhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826537947857709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634473234563, companyId=1241826537935274795, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.贵州大学医学院,贵州 贵阳 550025)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241826538056909620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634473234563, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826538061103925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634473234563, companyId=1241826538056909620, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.贵阳市口腔医院预防科)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241826542418984989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634473234563, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Oral health status evaluation [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目类别口腔检查结果评定χ2P口腔健康状况自评χ2P
性别28(2.0)551(45.7)503(52.3)7.4600.238345(43.5)574(43.2)163(13.3)14.9510.081
32(3.4)438(41.3)594(55.4)310(35.9)572(51.2)182(12.9)
民族汉族36(2.7)626(46.1)608(51.2)11.3530.129393(42.0)680(45.3)197(12.7)7.9370.243
少数民族24(2.6)363(38.6)489(58.8)262(35.7)466(50.5)148(13.8)
居住地城市39(3.7)471(44.4)481(51.9)14.3030.037335(40.7)526(47.0)130(12.3)2.0770.690
农村21(1.1)518(42.5)616(56.4)320(38.7)620(47.1)215(14.2)
经济地区一类地区18(3.5)249(43.2)325(53.3)15.5810.070220(42.1)290(45.7)82(12.2)42.5940.002
二类地区25(1.9)325(47.2)250(50.9)196(43.4)331(45.6)73(11.0)
三类地区17(1.3)415(37.7)522(61.0)239(25.1)525(54.7)190(20.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1241826542553202730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634473234563, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

口腔健康状况评价结果表[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目类别口腔检查结果评定χ2P口腔健康状况自评χ2P
性别28(2.0)551(45.7)503(52.3)7.4600.238345(43.5)574(43.2)163(13.3)14.9510.081
32(3.4)438(41.3)594(55.4)310(35.9)572(51.2)182(12.9)
民族汉族36(2.7)626(46.1)608(51.2)11.3530.129393(42.0)680(45.3)197(12.7)7.9370.243
少数民族24(2.6)363(38.6)489(58.8)262(35.7)466(50.5)148(13.8)
居住地城市39(3.7)471(44.4)481(51.9)14.3030.037335(40.7)526(47.0)130(12.3)2.0770.690
农村21(1.1)518(42.5)616(56.4)320(38.7)620(47.1)215(14.2)
经济地区一类地区18(3.5)249(43.2)325(53.3)15.5810.070220(42.1)290(45.7)82(12.2)42.5940.002
二类地区25(1.9)325(47.2)250(50.9)196(43.4)331(45.6)73(11.0)
三类地区17(1.3)415(37.7)522(61.0)239(25.1)525(54.7)190(20.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1241826542683226162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634473234563, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation between self-assessed oral health and examination results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
口腔健康自评口腔检查结果评定Kendall系数P
22(2.9)337(47.9)296(49.2)0.374<0.001
38(3.2)527(41.6)581(55.2)
0(0.0)125(37.4)220(62.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1241826542846804033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634473234563, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

口腔健康自评与检查结果的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
口腔健康自评口腔检查结果评定Kendall系数P
22(2.9)337(47.9)296(49.2)0.374<0.001
38(3.2)527(41.6)581(55.2)
0(0.0)125(37.4)220(62.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1241826542985216075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634473234563, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Univariate analysis of factors influencing children’s self-assessment of oral health

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类口腔健康自评结果占比(%)χ2P
社会人口学因素
经济地区一类地区42.145.712.242.5940.002
二类地区43.445.611.0
三类地区25.154.720.2
兄弟姐妹数量027.558.214.319.1390.045
≥141.545.612.9
父亲最高学历初中及以下40.845.813.410.9220.492
高中/中专38.246.914.9
本科及以上30.160.09.9
不知道38.049.612.4
母亲最高学历初中及以下40.546.912.64.0660.925
高中/中专39.644.515.9
本科及以上38.049.612.4
不知道23.054.422.6
口腔健康行为
刷牙42.346.011.746.573<0.001
23.054.422.6
刷牙次数≥2次/天46.343.210.534.9270.004
<2次/天34.350.315.4
是否看牙看过37.048.714.35.2010.434
没看过41.746.012.3
看牙原因咨询检查33.641.125.327.5780.321
预防39.854.16.1
治疗34.842.223.0
不知道或没看过牙40.547.112.4
是否抽烟26.761.511.814.2550.038
40.846.013.2
吃甜点心频率<1次/天39.847.412.80.6900.886
≥1次/天40.145.914.0
喝甜饮料频率<1次/天39.547.513.00.8680.875
≥1次/天41.644.813.6
喝加糖牛奶频率<1次/天38.447.614.010.4670.169
≥1次/天45.844.69.6
健康知识和态度
知识得分不及格39.046.414.63.0840.600
及格40.547.512.0
态度得分不及格41.444.813.80.5020.917
及格39.747.313.0
全身评价52.639.57.9340.583<0.001
19.261.519.3
0.646.952.5
口腔健康经历
牙外伤30.449.620.038.0330.001
没有或不记得42.746.311.0
患龋43.245.511.318.5080.046
35.049.215.8
牙疼49.943.17.089.155<0.001
32.849.817.4
牙石35.847.416.85.8730.379
40.647.012.4
牙龈出血37.950.611.54.6520.376
40.645.713.7
), ArticleFig(id=1241826543157182544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634473234563, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

影响儿童评价口腔健康状况的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类口腔健康自评结果占比(%)χ2P
社会人口学因素
经济地区一类地区42.145.712.242.5940.002
二类地区43.445.611.0
三类地区25.154.720.2
兄弟姐妹数量027.558.214.319.1390.045
≥141.545.612.9
父亲最高学历初中及以下40.845.813.410.9220.492
高中/中专38.246.914.9
本科及以上30.160.09.9
不知道38.049.612.4
母亲最高学历初中及以下40.546.912.64.0660.925
高中/中专39.644.515.9
本科及以上38.049.612.4
不知道23.054.422.6
口腔健康行为
刷牙42.346.011.746.573<0.001
23.054.422.6
刷牙次数≥2次/天46.343.210.534.9270.004
<2次/天34.350.315.4
是否看牙看过37.048.714.35.2010.434
没看过41.746.012.3
看牙原因咨询检查33.641.125.327.5780.321
预防39.854.16.1
治疗34.842.223.0
不知道或没看过牙40.547.112.4
是否抽烟26.761.511.814.2550.038
40.846.013.2
吃甜点心频率<1次/天39.847.412.80.6900.886
≥1次/天40.145.914.0
喝甜饮料频率<1次/天39.547.513.00.8680.875
≥1次/天41.644.813.6
喝加糖牛奶频率<1次/天38.447.614.010.4670.169
≥1次/天45.844.69.6
健康知识和态度
知识得分不及格39.046.414.63.0840.600
及格40.547.512.0
态度得分不及格41.444.813.80.5020.917
及格39.747.313.0
全身评价52.639.57.9340.583<0.001
19.261.519.3
0.646.952.5
口腔健康经历
牙外伤30.449.620.038.0330.001
没有或不记得42.746.311.0
患龋43.245.511.318.5080.046
35.049.215.8
牙疼49.943.17.089.155<0.001
32.849.817.4
牙石35.847.416.85.8730.379
40.647.012.4
牙龈出血37.950.611.54.6520.376
40.645.713.7
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Ordered logistic regression analysis of factors influencing self-assessed oral health

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
βtPOR值(95% CI
截距
口腔健康自评差等1.3312.9640.0033.784(1.569~9.125)
口腔健康自评中等4.1138.924<0.00161.120(24.755~150.092)
回归
经济地区一类地区0.6484.669<0.0011.912(1.456~2.510)
二类地区0.5563.499<0.0011.744(1.277~2.381)
三类地区1
兄弟姐妹数量0-0.479-2.1680.0300.619(0.401~0.955)
≥11
刷牙0.5322.4060.0161.703(1.104~2.627)
1
刷牙次数≥2次/天0.2811.6950.0901.325(0.957~1.835)
<2次/天1
是否抽烟0.0110.0420.9671.011(0.613~1.666)
1
全身健康评价2.7176.341<0.00115.14(6.533~35.085)
1.4933.500<0.0014.452(1.928~10.278)
1
牙外伤-0.424-2.3670.0180.655(0.461~0.930)
没有或不记得1
患龋0.2791.7610.0781.322(0.969~1.804)
1
牙疼0.6894.543<0.0011.991(1.479~2.681)
1
牙石-0.377-1.6920.0910.686(0.443~1.062)
1
牙龈出血0.0710.4710.6381.074(0.798~1.444)
1
), ArticleFig(id=1241826543396257893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634473234563, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

影响口腔健康自评的有序logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
βtPOR值(95% CI
截距
口腔健康自评差等1.3312.9640.0033.784(1.569~9.125)
口腔健康自评中等4.1138.924<0.00161.120(24.755~150.092)
回归
经济地区一类地区0.6484.669<0.0011.912(1.456~2.510)
二类地区0.5563.499<0.0011.744(1.277~2.381)
三类地区1
兄弟姐妹数量0-0.479-2.1680.0300.619(0.401~0.955)
≥11
刷牙0.5322.4060.0161.703(1.104~2.627)
1
刷牙次数≥2次/天0.2811.6950.0901.325(0.957~1.835)
<2次/天1
是否抽烟0.0110.0420.9671.011(0.613~1.666)
1
全身健康评价2.7176.341<0.00115.14(6.533~35.085)
1.4933.500<0.0014.452(1.928~10.278)
1
牙外伤-0.424-2.3670.0180.655(0.461~0.930)
没有或不记得1
患龋0.2791.7610.0781.322(0.969~1.804)
1
牙疼0.6894.543<0.0011.991(1.479~2.681)
1
牙石-0.377-1.6920.0910.686(0.443~1.062)
1
牙龈出血0.0710.4710.6381.074(0.798~1.444)
1
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贵州省12岁青少年口腔健康自评与口腔检查结果的相关性及影响因素分析
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陈欣月 1 , 陈黎明 2 , 吴娟娟 2 , 戴泰鸣 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(22): 4101-4106
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(22): 4101-4106
贵州省12岁青少年口腔健康自评与口腔检查结果的相关性及影响因素分析
全屏
陈欣月1, 陈黎明2, 吴娟娟2, 戴泰鸣1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.贵州大学医学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 2.贵阳市口腔医院预防科
  • 陈欣月(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:儿童口腔健康管理

通讯作者:

戴泰鸣,E-mail:
Correlation and influencing factors of self-assessed oral health and clinical examination results in 12-year-old adolescents, Guizhou
Xin-yue CHEN1, Li-ming CHEN2, Juan-juan WU2, Tai-ming DAI1, 2
Affiliations
  • Medical College, GuiZhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
出版时间: 2024-11-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407276
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目的

了解青少年口腔健康自评情况与根据WHO推荐标准评定的口腔检查结果的相关性,分析影响青少年口腔健康自评的因素。

方法

采用多阶段随机抽样,抽取贵州省11个区县的2 146名12岁青少年,根据第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查的方法和标准进行口腔健康检查和问卷调查。采用Kendall相关分析比较两种评估方法结果的相关性, χ2检验、有序logistic回归分析用于分析影响青少年口腔健康状况自评的因素。

结果

自评口腔健康和口腔检查结果具有一定的相关性。不同经济地区、刷牙习惯、全身健康评价、牙外伤经历、牙疼经历和兄弟姐妹数量的青少年口腔健康自评存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。

结论

青少年口腔健康自评能反映其一定的口腔健康状况。建议关注影响青少年口腔状况的关键因素,推广并普及正确的刷牙方法,提高口腔卫生服务的利用率。

口腔健康自评  /  口腔检查  /  青少年  /  贵州省
Objective

To explore the correlation between adolescents’ self-assessment of oral health and oral examination results assessed according to WHO-recommended standards and to analyze the factors influencing adolescents’ self-assessment of oral health.

Methods

A total of 2 146 adolescents aged 12 from 11 districts and counties in Guizhou Province were selected through multi-stage random sampling. Oral health examinations and a questionnaire survey were conducted according to the methods and standards of the Fourth National Oral Health Epidemiological Survey. Kendall correlation analysis was used to compare the correlation between the results of the two evaluation methods. The chi-squared (χ2) test and ordered logistic regression analysis were employed to analyze the factors affecting adolescents’ self-assessment of oral health status.

Results

There was a significant correlation between self-rated oral health and oral examination results. Statistical differences were observed in adolescents’ self-rated oral health based on different economic regions, brushing habits, general health evaluations, experiences of dental trauma, toothache, and the number of siblings (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Adolescents’ self-assessment of oral health can reflect their actual oral health status. It is recommended to focus on the key factors affecting adolescents’ oral health, promote and popularize proper brushing techniques, and improve the utilization rate of oral health services.

Self-assessment of oral health  /  Oral examination  /  Adolescents  /  Guizhou Province
陈欣月, 陈黎明, 吴娟娟, 戴泰鸣. 贵州省12岁青少年口腔健康自评与口腔检查结果的相关性及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4101 -4106 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407276
Xin-yue CHEN, Li-ming CHEN, Juan-juan WU, Tai-ming DAI. Correlation and influencing factors of self-assessed oral health and clinical examination results in 12-year-old adolescents, Guizhou[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4101 -4106 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407276
口腔疾病,包括龋齿、牙周病以及牙齿脱落等,已跃升为全球性的重大公共卫生议题[1]。口腔健康不仅强调口腔、牙齿及其周围面部结构的生理层面,更重视社会心理层面,包括不受口腔影响的自信提升、社交促进和效率提升等[2]
人们对口腔健康的评价在提升口腔健康水平方面扮演着重要角色。研究表明,对疾病的看法可能会影响人们的健康行为[3],从而潜在地促进健康状况的积极转变与提升。同时,在口腔问题频发和口腔检查资源有限的背景下,口腔健康自评有望成为快速了解群体口腔状况的重要工具[4]。然而,青少年口腔健康自评能否准确反映其口腔健康状况尚不明确,不仅可能会影响青少年及其家长采取口腔预防或治疗决策的时机,还可能阻碍相关政策的制定。12岁青少年处于牙齿替换完成的关键阶段,亦处于情绪与认知发展的黄金时期[5],这种双重转变使他们更易受到自身和外界多重风险因素的交互影响,在向成人转变的过程中变得更不稳定和脆弱。因此,深入了解12岁青少年的口腔健康自评状况及其与检查结果的相关性,对了解他们的口腔状况、揭示其在口腔健康方面可能面临的障碍、推动身心健康的全面发展具有重要意义。
本研究选取贵州省11个区县为调查点,调查12岁青少年的口腔健康自评情况,并以世界卫生组织在1981年发布健康口腔的标准(牙齿清洁,无龋洞,无疼痛感,牙龈颜色正常,无出血现象)为评定口腔检查结果的依据[6],分析青少年口腔健康自评与检查结果的相关性及其影响因素,为针对这一特定年龄群体制定精准的口腔健康预防政策提供依据。
参考第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方法[7],采取多阶段随机抽样方法,第一阶段在贵州省88个区县中,按照人口比例抽样方法和2019年贵州省人均工资最低标准(一类地区:1 890元/月;二类地区:1 760元/月;三类地区:1 660元/月),分三类经济地区随机抽取11个区县。第二阶段在各区县随机抽取3所中学,第三阶段在学校抽取12岁青少年。排除无法配合检查、因病缺席、拒绝签署知情同意书和调查表填写缺漏的对象,最终得到研究对象2 146名。本研究通过了贵阳市口腔医院医学伦理委员会审查(GYSKLL-KY-20190524-01),调查对象及其监护人均签署了知情同意书。
本研究于2019年—2021年对贵州省青少年进行了口腔健康和问卷调查。
根据《口腔健康调查基本方法》第5版[8]的方法和标准进行口腔检查,根据探诊后是否出现龋齿、牙龈出血和牙石记录为“是”和“否”。
采用第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查的问卷进行调查,调查学生的社会人口学信息、口腔健康行为、口腔健康知识态度和口腔健康经历。
青少年口腔健康自评结果来自问卷中“你对自己的牙齿和口腔状况评价如何?”一题,将“很好”、“好”评定为好;“一般”评定为中;“较差”、“很差”评定为差。
根据WHO的标准和口腔检查的实际情况,设置了无牙石、无龋洞,无牙疼和无牙龈出血4个标准,并将满足4个标准、2~3个标准、1个标准及以下的青少年口腔检查结果评定为好、中、差。
采用8个问题来评价青少年的口腔健康知识,答对0~4个计为不及格、5~8个计为及格,同理,有关口腔健康态度的问题共4个,答对0~2个、3~4个分别计为不及格和及格。
根据人口量对数据进行分层后加权[9],采用SPSS 29.0软件进行数据分析,χ2检验用于率的比较,Kendall相关分析用于比较两种口腔健康评估方法的相关性,有序logistic回归分析用于评估潜在危险因素对青少年口腔健康状况自评的影响,检验水准α=0.05。
本次研究对象共2 146人,其中患龋率为41.2%,牙石检出率为83.8%,牙龈出血检出率为72.0%。如表1所示,根据WHO推荐标准,口腔检查结果评定为好、中、差的分别有60人(2.6%)、989人(43.6%)、1 097人(53.8%),不同居住地的青少年的口腔健康状况差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.303, P<0.05)。
口腔健康状况自评为好、中、差分别有655人(39.9%)、1 146人(47.0%)和345人(13.1%),处于不同经济地区的青少年的口腔健康状况自评差异有统计学意义(χ2=42.594, P<0.05)。
Kendall相关分析结果显示,Kendall系数为0.374,P值<0.001,表明两种口腔健康评价方法具有一定的相关性,见表2
表3显示,不同经济地区、兄弟姐妹数量、刷牙习惯、刷牙次数、抽烟习惯、全身健康评价、牙外伤经历、患龋经历、牙疼经历的青少年口腔健康状况自评存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。
以青少年口腔健康自评作为因变量,将社会人口学因素、口腔健康行为、健康知识和态度以及口腔健康经历中单因素分析P<0.05的指标和4个推荐标准(牙石、龋洞、牙疼和牙龈出血)作为自变量,进行多因素分析。在平行性检验中,P值=0.067>0.05,通过了平行性检验,表明回归方程平行,该数据可用于有序logistic回归分析。
表4所示,处于较高经济地区、拥有刷牙习惯、对自己全身健康状态评价较高的青少年更倾向于更积极的口腔健康状况自评(OR值=1.703~15.14,P<0.05),相比于不刷牙的青少年,刷牙青少年口腔健康自评提升一个等级的可能性为1.703倍。然而,有牙外伤、牙疼经历和没有兄弟姐妹的儿童则更倾向于消极的口腔健康状况自评(P<0.05)。
研究表明,贵州青少年口腔健康自评状况为好、中、差的青少年分别占调查人数的39.9%、47.0%和13.1%,自评为“好”的青少年比例低于哈尔滨(41.9%)[10]、莫桑比克马普托市(49.8%)[11]和北京市(50.6%)[6]。采用WHO推荐标准对其口腔检查结果进行评定,仅有2.6%的青少年满足四个推荐标准,表明贵州省青少年的口腔健康状况不容乐观。
Kendall相关分析结果显示,青少年口腔健康自评与口腔检查结果具有一定的相关性,提示大多数青少年可以正确评价自己的口腔健康水平。
有序logistic回归分析结果显示,处于较高经济地区、拥有刷牙习惯、对自己全身健康状态评价较高的青少年更倾向于更积极的口腔健康状况自评。高经济地区的青少年往往拥有更高的口腔健康评价[12],低家庭收入与较差的口腔健康评价显著相关[13],同时,低收入带来的牙科服务利用低、不利的社会环境和生活条件会降低口腔健康感知。刷牙可以机械地去除牙菌斑和软垢[14],对维护口腔健康状况和提高健康认知具有积极意义。口腔健康是全身健康的重要组成部分,对自己全身健康状态评价较高的青少年通常持有更加积极的口腔评价[15]
然而,有牙外伤、牙疼经历和没有兄弟姐妹的儿童则更倾向于消极的口腔健康状况自评。牙外伤[16]和牙疼经历[17-18]不仅会引发疼痛与不适,更对日常生活乃至整体健康造成严重的负面影响。没有兄弟姐妹的儿童能获得父母更多的关心,可能促使他们对微小的口腔问题更加重视,从而降低自己的口腔健康评价。
在多因素分析中,龋齿、牙龈出血和牙石并未显著影响青少年对口腔健康状况的自我评价,这可能是由于牙齿刚替换时龋齿并不严重,探针检测的牙龈出血在日常生活中不易被察觉,轻微的牙石问题不妨碍口腔功能的正常使用,所以青少年忽视了自身口腔健康和清洁状况。
综上所述,青少年口腔健康自评能反映其一定的口腔健康状况。建议家长们既要关注影响青少年口腔状况的关键因素,如龋齿、牙疼和牙外伤,更要加强对牙周健康和口腔卫生状况的重视。同时相关部门应制定相关政策,推广并普及正确的刷牙方法,提高口腔卫生服务的利用率,保障青少年口腔健康。
  • 贵州省卫健委科学技术基金项目(gzwjkj2019-1-173)
  • 贵州省卫健委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2024-453)
  • 贵阳市科技计划项目(筑科合同[2022]-4-12-1号)
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2024年第51卷第22期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407276
  • 接收时间:2024-07-16
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-16
基金
贵州省卫健委科学技术基金项目(gzwjkj2019-1-173)
贵州省卫健委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2024-453)
贵阳市科技计划项目(筑科合同[2022]-4-12-1号)
作者信息
    1.贵州大学医学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
    2.贵阳市口腔医院预防科

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Number of
genus
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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