Article(id=1241675634037026940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406416, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719244800000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968140372, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1732464000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968140372, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968140372, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968140372, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241675628051755031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='22', pageStart='4033', pageEnd='4224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968138945, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968595676, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4147, endPage=4152, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241675634850721948, articleId=1241675634037026940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Research on the allocation of medical resources and service utilization of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in China based on coupling coordination model, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the current situation and development trend of coupling and coordination of medical resource allocation and service utilization in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, to clarify the coordinated development relationship between the two, and to provide reference opinions for promoting the benign interaction between the two and achieving balanced development.

Methods

From 2017 to 2021, 11 relevant index data of medical resource allocation and service utilization of TCM hospitals in 30 provinces of China were selected, and the comprehensive development index and relative development degree were used to comprehensively evaluate the allocation and service utilization of TCM hospitals, and the coupling coordination method was used to explore the coupling and coordination relationship and development trend of the two systems.

Results

From 2017 to 2021, the coupling coordination degree of medical resource allocation and service utilization of TCM hospitals in various regions of China decreased, showing a stepwise decreasing pattern from east to west. There were obvious differences in the comprehensive development level of medical resource allocation of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals among regions, and the lag in medical resource allocation had become a constraint for the coordinated development of the western region. The overall structure of the relative development level had changed from “8-13-9” in 2017 to “8-12-10” in 2021, and only 12 provinces would achieve coordinated development.

Conclusion

There is a lot of room for improvement in the coupling and coordination of resource allocation and service utilization of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in China, and the allocation level of medical resources in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals should be optimized according to local conditions, so as to promote the high-quality development of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals with economy. The improvement strategy of coupling coordination level is dynamically adjusted according to the relative development degree, so as to promote the benign interaction between the two and achieve high-quality coordinated development.

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目的

探讨中医医院医疗资源配置与服务利用耦合协调现状和发展趋势,明确两者协调发展关系,为促进两者良性互动,实现均衡发展提供参考意见。

方法

选取2017—2021年我国30个省份中医医院医疗资源配置与服务利用11个相关指标数据,采用综合发展指数和相对发展度对其医疗资源配置与服务利用进行综合评价,采用耦合协调法探索两系统耦合协调关系及发展趋势。

结果

2017—2021年我国各地区中医医院医疗资源配置与服务利用耦合协调度降低,呈现由东向西逐级递减的阶梯特征。区域间中医医院医疗资源配置综合发展水平存在明显差异,医疗资源配置滞后成为西部地区协调发展的制约因素。相对发展水平总体结构由2017年“8-13-9”变化为2021年“8-12-10”,仅12个省份实现协调发展,我国中医医院医疗资源配置与服务利用协调水平有待提高。

结论

我国中医医院资源配置与服务利用耦合协调有较大提升空间,应因地制宜优化中医医院医疗资源配置水平,以经济助推中医医院高质量发展;根据相对发展度动态调整耦合协调水平改进策略,促进两者良性互动,达到优质协调发展。

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张建华(1970—),E-mail:
井淇,E-mail:
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刘亚(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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刘亚(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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3.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心
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3.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心
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3.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心
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3.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心
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From 2017 to 2021, the index system of the two systems of Chinese medicine hospitals in China

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标二级指标单位指标性质
医疗资源配置中医医院数
床位数
中医类执业(助理) 医师数
见习中医师数
中药师(士)数
服务利用中医医院诊疗人次万人次
中医医院出院人数
中医医院病床使用率
中医医院平均住院日
医师日均担负住院床日
医师日均担负诊疗人次人次
), ArticleFig(id=1241826535238337259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634037026940, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2017—2021年我国中医医院两系统指标体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标二级指标单位指标性质
医疗资源配置中医医院数
床位数
中医类执业(助理) 医师数
见习中医师数
中药师(士)数
服务利用中医医院诊疗人次万人次
中医医院出院人数
中医医院病床使用率
中医医院平均住院日
医师日均担负住院床日
医师日均担负诊疗人次人次
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Coupling coordination degree division

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协调类型取值范围耦合协调类型等级
失调衰退0.0≤D<0.1极度失调
0.1≤D<0.2严重失调
0.2≤D<0.3中度失调
0.3≤D<0.4轻度失调
过渡调和0.4≤D<0.5濒临失调
0.5≤D<0.6勉强协调
协调发展0.6≤D<0.7初级协调
0.7≤D<0.8中级协调
0.8≤D<0.9良好协调
0.9≤D<1.0优质协调X
), ArticleFig(id=1241826535548715769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634037026940, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

耦合协调度划分情况

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协调类型取值范围耦合协调类型等级
失调衰退0.0≤D<0.1极度失调
0.1≤D<0.2严重失调
0.2≤D<0.3中度失调
0.3≤D<0.4轻度失调
过渡调和0.4≤D<0.5濒临失调
0.5≤D<0.6勉强协调
协调发展0.6≤D<0.7初级协调
0.7≤D<0.8中级协调
0.8≤D<0.9良好协调
0.9≤D<1.0优质协调X
), ArticleFig(id=1241826535699710723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634037026940, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

From 2017 to 2021, the comprehensive development index of the two systems of Chinese medicine hospitals in China

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地区省份2017年2018年2019年2020年2021年
U1U2U1U2U1U2U1U2U1U2
东部
北京0.3970.3100.3740.3060.3580.2980.3520.2020.3040.170
天津0.1170.2480.1280.2450.1150.2360.1180.1940.1140.127
河北0.5540.3720.5870.3730.5760.4080.5840.4230.5420.246
辽宁0.3420.2310.3670.2220.3290.1690.3450.1820.3170.101
广东0.7060.7060.6960.7000.5900.7210.6650.7210.6110.469
海南0.0150.1470.0130.1480.0350.1890.0240.1950.0220.142
山东0.8510.5340.8460.5230.7660.5220.8580.5710.7890.346
福建0.2840.3350.2800.3330.2650.3660.2850.3650.2670.553
上海0.0950.5540.0740.5520.0450.5260.0710.4770.0670.398
江苏0.6040.6530.5680.6420.5540.6660.5710.6760.5060.399
浙江0.5940.6290.5880.6320.5800.6370.5730.6530.5020.397
中部
安徽0.3440.4660.3310.4570.3110.4470.4180.4730.3600.311
吉林0.1780.1550.2110.1580.1790.1810.1990.1910.1860.103
江西0.3140.3620.2940.1990.2750.2060.3150.4250.2980.267
黑龙江0.2890.2100.3090.3560.3170.3630.2640.1400.2450.113
河南0.7780.5690.8000.5800.7850.6070.8210.6800.8090.393
湖北0.4370.4770.4230.4610.4140.4400.4040.4070.3930.271
山西0.3160.1200.3150.1230.2560.1660.2850.1780.2670.091
湖南0.6030.4700.5950.4620.5270.4660.5680.5440.5100.332
西部
内蒙古0.2860.1360.2710.1240.2810.1340.2720.1470.2450.111
广西0.4280.4230.4090.4200.5650.4350.4440.4840.4500.330
重庆0.2700.3920.2950.3900.2830.3840.2960.4270.2670.284
四川0.8300.6510.7740.6390.8180.6360.8220.6950.7620.420
贵州0.4200.3600.4050.3640.5770.3720.3910.4130.3560.274
云南0.4170.4510.3950.4540.5290.4510.4170.5320.3720.330
陕西0.3970.3800.4020.3750.3810.3610.3640.3600.3240.225
甘肃0.2860.3490.2890.3570.3030.3810.3000.3900.2720.244
青海0.0070.2310.0110.2300.0230.2160.0200.2640.0180.127
宁夏0.0240.2450.0280.2450.0470.2480.0330.2410.0290.165
新疆0.1480.3300.1660.3240.1870.3040.1440.2390.1490.187
平均值0.3780.3830.3750.3800.3760.3850.3740.3960.3450.264
), ArticleFig(id=1241826535850705675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634037026940, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2017—2021年我国中医医院两系统综合发展指数

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地区省份2017年2018年2019年2020年2021年
U1U2U1U2U1U2U1U2U1U2
东部
北京0.3970.3100.3740.3060.3580.2980.3520.2020.3040.170
天津0.1170.2480.1280.2450.1150.2360.1180.1940.1140.127
河北0.5540.3720.5870.3730.5760.4080.5840.4230.5420.246
辽宁0.3420.2310.3670.2220.3290.1690.3450.1820.3170.101
广东0.7060.7060.6960.7000.5900.7210.6650.7210.6110.469
海南0.0150.1470.0130.1480.0350.1890.0240.1950.0220.142
山东0.8510.5340.8460.5230.7660.5220.8580.5710.7890.346
福建0.2840.3350.2800.3330.2650.3660.2850.3650.2670.553
上海0.0950.5540.0740.5520.0450.5260.0710.4770.0670.398
江苏0.6040.6530.5680.6420.5540.6660.5710.6760.5060.399
浙江0.5940.6290.5880.6320.5800.6370.5730.6530.5020.397
中部
安徽0.3440.4660.3310.4570.3110.4470.4180.4730.3600.311
吉林0.1780.1550.2110.1580.1790.1810.1990.1910.1860.103
江西0.3140.3620.2940.1990.2750.2060.3150.4250.2980.267
黑龙江0.2890.2100.3090.3560.3170.3630.2640.1400.2450.113
河南0.7780.5690.8000.5800.7850.6070.8210.6800.8090.393
湖北0.4370.4770.4230.4610.4140.4400.4040.4070.3930.271
山西0.3160.1200.3150.1230.2560.1660.2850.1780.2670.091
湖南0.6030.4700.5950.4620.5270.4660.5680.5440.5100.332
西部
内蒙古0.2860.1360.2710.1240.2810.1340.2720.1470.2450.111
广西0.4280.4230.4090.4200.5650.4350.4440.4840.4500.330
重庆0.2700.3920.2950.3900.2830.3840.2960.4270.2670.284
四川0.8300.6510.7740.6390.8180.6360.8220.6950.7620.420
贵州0.4200.3600.4050.3640.5770.3720.3910.4130.3560.274
云南0.4170.4510.3950.4540.5290.4510.4170.5320.3720.330
陕西0.3970.3800.4020.3750.3810.3610.3640.3600.3240.225
甘肃0.2860.3490.2890.3570.3030.3810.3000.3900.2720.244
青海0.0070.2310.0110.2300.0230.2160.0200.2640.0180.127
宁夏0.0240.2450.0280.2450.0470.2480.0330.2410.0290.165
新疆0.1480.3300.1660.3240.1870.3040.1440.2390.1490.187
平均值0.3780.3830.3750.3800.3760.3850.3740.3960.3450.264
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From 2017 to 2021,coupling and coordination of the two systems in various regions of China

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年份(年)东部中部西部
U1U2CDU1U2CDU1U2CD
20170.4150.4291.0000.6490.4070.3540.9980.6160.3190.3590.9980.582
20180.4110.4251.0000.6470.4100.3490.9970.6150.3130.3570.9980.578
20190.3830.4310.9980.6370.3830.3591.0000.6090.3230.3571.0000.600
20200.4140.4241.0000.6470.4090.3800.9990.6280.3180.3810.9960.590
20210.3600.2640.9880.5550.3940.2910.9890.5820.2950.2450.9960.518
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2017—2021年我国各地区两系统耦合协调情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份(年)东部中部西部
U1U2CDU1U2CDU1U2CD
20170.4150.4291.0000.6490.4070.3540.9980.6160.3190.3590.9980.582
20180.4110.4251.0000.6470.4100.3490.9970.6150.3130.3570.9980.578
20190.3830.4310.9980.6370.3830.3591.0000.6090.3230.3571.0000.600
20200.4140.4241.0000.6470.4090.3800.9990.6280.3180.3810.9960.590
20210.3600.2640.9880.5550.3940.2910.9890.5820.2950.2450.9960.518
), ArticleFig(id=1241826536219804443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634037026940, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

From 2017 to 2021,coupling coordination degree of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in various provinces of China

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省份2017年2018年2019年2020年2021年耦合协调类型
2017年2021年
东部
北京0.5920.5820.5720.5160.477
天津0.4130.4210.4060.3890.347
河北0.6740.6840.6960.7050.604
辽宁0.4410.5340.4850.5010.424
广东0.8400.8350.8070.8320.732
海南0.2160.2100.2850.2630.238
山东0.8210.8150.7950.8370.723
福建0.5550.5530.5580.5680.620
上海0.4790.4500.3920.4290.405
江苏0.7920.7770.7800.7880.670
浙江0.7820.7810.7800.7820.668
中部
安徽0.6330.6230.6110.5680.578
吉林0.4070.4270.4240.4420.372
江西0.5810.5760.5820.6050.531
黑龙江0.4960.4920.4880.4380.408
河南0.8150.8250.8310.8640.751
湖北0.6760.6650.6530.6360.572
湖南0.7300.7240.7040.7460.642
山西0.4410.4430.4540.4750.394
西部
内蒙古0.4440.4280.4400.4470.406
广西0.6520.6440.7040.6810.620
重庆0.5700.5820.5740.5960.719
四川0.8580.8390.8490.8690.752
贵州0.6240.6200.6810.6340.559
云南0.6590.6510.6990.6860.592
陕西0.6230.6230.6090.6010.520
甘肃0.5620.5670.5830.5850.507
青海0.2010.2250.2660.2700.218
宁夏0.2760.2870.3290.2990.262
新疆0.4700.4820.4880.4310.409
), ArticleFig(id=1241826537733948194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675634037026940, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

2017—2021年我国各省份中医医院耦合协调度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
省份2017年2018年2019年2020年2021年耦合协调类型
2017年2021年
东部
北京0.5920.5820.5720.5160.477
天津0.4130.4210.4060.3890.347
河北0.6740.6840.6960.7050.604
辽宁0.4410.5340.4850.5010.424
广东0.8400.8350.8070.8320.732
海南0.2160.2100.2850.2630.238
山东0.8210.8150.7950.8370.723
福建0.5550.5530.5580.5680.620
上海0.4790.4500.3920.4290.405
江苏0.7920.7770.7800.7880.670
浙江0.7820.7810.7800.7820.668
中部
安徽0.6330.6230.6110.5680.578
吉林0.4070.4270.4240.4420.372
江西0.5810.5760.5820.6050.531
黑龙江0.4960.4920.4880.4380.408
河南0.8150.8250.8310.8640.751
湖北0.6760.6650.6530.6360.572
湖南0.7300.7240.7040.7460.642
山西0.4410.4430.4540.4750.394
西部
内蒙古0.4440.4280.4400.4470.406
广西0.6520.6440.7040.6810.620
重庆0.5700.5820.5740.5960.719
四川0.8580.8390.8490.8690.752
贵州0.6240.6200.6810.6340.559
云南0.6590.6510.6990.6860.592
陕西0.6230.6230.6090.6010.520
甘肃0.5620.5670.5830.5850.507
青海0.2010.2250.2660.2700.218
宁夏0.2760.2870.3290.2990.262
新疆0.4700.4820.4880.4310.409
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基于耦合协调模型的我国中医医院医疗资源配置与服务利用研究
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刘亚 1, 3 , 赵盈喆 2, 3 , 陈澍盈 1, 3 , 王晓蕾 2, 3 , 董志伟 2, 3, 4 , 嵇丽红 1, 3, 4 , 孙经杰 5 , 井淇 2, 3, 4 , 张建华 1, 3, 6
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2024,51(22): 4147-4152
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现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2024, 51(22): 4147-4152
基于耦合协调模型的我国中医医院医疗资源配置与服务利用研究
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刘亚1, 3, 赵盈喆2, 3, 陈澍盈1, 3, 王晓蕾2, 3, 董志伟2, 3, 4, 嵇丽红1, 3, 4, 孙经杰5, 井淇2, 3, 4 , 张建华1, 3, 6
作者信息
  • 1.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 2.山东第二医科大学管理学院
  • 3.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心
  • 4.山东第二医科大学中国康复健康研究院
  • 5.山东省卫生健康委员会医疗管理服务中心
  • 6.济宁医学院
  • 刘亚(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

通讯作者:

张建华(1970—),E-mail:
井淇,E-mail:
Research on the allocation of medical resources and service utilization of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in China based on coupling coordination model
Ya LIU1, 3, Ying-zhe ZHAO2, 3, Shu-ying CHEN1, 3, Xiao-lei WANG2, 3, Zhi-wei DONG2, 3, 4, Li-hong JI1, 3, 4, Jing-jie SUN5, Qi JING2, 3, 4 , Jian-hua ZHANG1, 3, 6
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2024-11-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406416
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目的

探讨中医医院医疗资源配置与服务利用耦合协调现状和发展趋势,明确两者协调发展关系,为促进两者良性互动,实现均衡发展提供参考意见。

方法

选取2017—2021年我国30个省份中医医院医疗资源配置与服务利用11个相关指标数据,采用综合发展指数和相对发展度对其医疗资源配置与服务利用进行综合评价,采用耦合协调法探索两系统耦合协调关系及发展趋势。

结果

2017—2021年我国各地区中医医院医疗资源配置与服务利用耦合协调度降低,呈现由东向西逐级递减的阶梯特征。区域间中医医院医疗资源配置综合发展水平存在明显差异,医疗资源配置滞后成为西部地区协调发展的制约因素。相对发展水平总体结构由2017年“8-13-9”变化为2021年“8-12-10”,仅12个省份实现协调发展,我国中医医院医疗资源配置与服务利用协调水平有待提高。

结论

我国中医医院资源配置与服务利用耦合协调有较大提升空间,应因地制宜优化中医医院医疗资源配置水平,以经济助推中医医院高质量发展;根据相对发展度动态调整耦合协调水平改进策略,促进两者良性互动,达到优质协调发展。

中医医院  /  医疗资源配置  /  服务利用  /  耦合协调
Objective

To explore the current situation and development trend of coupling and coordination of medical resource allocation and service utilization in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, to clarify the coordinated development relationship between the two, and to provide reference opinions for promoting the benign interaction between the two and achieving balanced development.

Methods

From 2017 to 2021, 11 relevant index data of medical resource allocation and service utilization of TCM hospitals in 30 provinces of China were selected, and the comprehensive development index and relative development degree were used to comprehensively evaluate the allocation and service utilization of TCM hospitals, and the coupling coordination method was used to explore the coupling and coordination relationship and development trend of the two systems.

Results

From 2017 to 2021, the coupling coordination degree of medical resource allocation and service utilization of TCM hospitals in various regions of China decreased, showing a stepwise decreasing pattern from east to west. There were obvious differences in the comprehensive development level of medical resource allocation of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals among regions, and the lag in medical resource allocation had become a constraint for the coordinated development of the western region. The overall structure of the relative development level had changed from “8-13-9” in 2017 to “8-12-10” in 2021, and only 12 provinces would achieve coordinated development.

Conclusion

There is a lot of room for improvement in the coupling and coordination of resource allocation and service utilization of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in China, and the allocation level of medical resources in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals should be optimized according to local conditions, so as to promote the high-quality development of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals with economy. The improvement strategy of coupling coordination level is dynamically adjusted according to the relative development degree, so as to promote the benign interaction between the two and achieve high-quality coordinated development.

Traditional Chinese medicine hospital  /  Medical resource allocation  /  Service utilization  /  Coupling and coordination
刘亚, 赵盈喆, 陈澍盈, 王晓蕾, 董志伟, 嵇丽红, 孙经杰, 井淇, 张建华. 基于耦合协调模型的我国中医医院医疗资源配置与服务利用研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4147 -4152 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406416
Ya LIU, Ying-zhe ZHAO, Shu-ying CHEN, Xiao-lei WANG, Zhi-wei DONG, Li-hong JI, Jing-jie SUN, Qi JING, Jian-hua ZHANG. Research on the allocation of medical resources and service utilization of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in China based on coupling coordination model[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4147 -4152 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406416
《“十四五”中医药发展规划》和《中医药发展战略规划纲要(2016—2030年)》明确提出要提高中医医疗服务利用水平,促进优质中医医疗资源均衡布局,推动我国中医药事业蓬勃发展。中医医院是我国中医药服务体系的主力军,其服务利用情况可作为医疗资源配置的参考[1],而实现医疗资源的优化配置与合理利用是中医医院健康发展的重要保障,而阐明两者发展关系则有利于推动中医医院高质量发展,是实现我国中医药卫生服务均等化目标的关键[2]。目前研究多从中医医院医疗资源配置公平性、运营效率及服务能力等视角进行[3-5],较少关注其医疗资源配置与服务利用协调关系。因此,本研究选取2017—2021年相关数据,应用熵值法及耦合协调模型分析我国各省中医医院两系统耦合协调发展现状,为促进其协调发展提供参考。
本研究指标数据选自2017年《中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》及2018—2022年《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》。此外,西藏自治区因数据缺失故未将其纳入。
结合有关研究[6-8],医疗资源配置指标选取中医医院数量、中医卫生技术人员数、床位数,可反映中医医院的医院规模、人力和物力资源配置情况;中医医院服务利用情况及发展趋势可通过中医医院诊疗人次、出院人数、病床使用率等指标反映。综上,基于整体性、数据可获得性原则,构建中医医院两系统评价指标体系。见表1
采用极差法对数据进行标准化处理;应用熵权法对指标进行赋权;基于综合评价模型计算两系统综合评价值。公式如下:
Ui为综合评价值,Ui值越大说明系统发展层次越高。
本研究通过耦合度描述中医医院两系统间相互依赖程度,根据耦合协调度判断其耦合协调等级。
(1)耦合度计算公式:
U1为医疗资源配置综合评价值,U2为服务利用综合评价值,C为耦合度,取值范围[0,1],C越大说明两系统关联程度越大。
(2)耦合协调度计算公式:
T表示综合评价指数;D代表耦合协调度,取值范围[0,1];αβ表示贡献系数,本研究认为两系统重要性相当,故令α=β=0.5。
本研究结合相关文献研究[9],明确耦合协调度为以下10个等级,具体标准见表2
本研究运用相对发展度衡量中医医院医疗资源配置与服务利用的相对发展情况,将相对发展度分为3个等级:(0.8,1.2)为同步发展型,(0.0,0.8]为资源配置滞后型,[1.2,+∞)为服务利用滞后型[10]
与2017年相比发现,2021年共有15个省份U1有所提升,分别为青海、北京、天津、河北、辽宁、广东、河南、山东、福建、宁夏、江苏、安徽、吉林、广西、新疆,2017年共有14个省份U1大于平均值0.318,2021年仅有12个省份U1大于平均值0.345,各省份间医疗资源配置水平差距仍较大。整体来看,全国中医医院各省份U1介于[0.007,0.858],西部地区青海、宁夏、新疆U1较低,河北,广东,山东,江苏,浙江,河南,湖南,四川这8个省份U1处于0.5之上,青海,宁夏U1低于0.1,其余省份介于(0.1,0.5)。2021年,U2位于发展平均值之上的省份由2017年13个升至16个,2021年仅福建U2较2017年有所提高。全国中医医院各省份U2介于[0.101, 0.721],其中辽宁最低,广东最高。见表3
从相对发展度来看,2021年我国中医医院两系统相对发展水平总体结构为“8-12-10”,仅12个省份实现同步发展,资源配置滞后的有:青海、天津、福建、宁夏、重庆、上海、新疆、海南,服务利用滞后的有:湖南、黑龙江、北京、辽宁、吉林、河南、四川、河北、内蒙古、山东。
表4可知,我国各地区资源配置发展水平呈波动下降趋势,西部地区资源配置水平明显落后于东、中部地区,存在明显短板;中、西地区中医医院服务利用发展水平不及东部地区,总体呈由东向西递减阶梯态势,这提示中、西部地区服务利用水平有较大提升空间。2017—2021年,我国东、中、西部地区两系统耦合度介于[0.996,1.000],处于高度耦合状态。各地区耦合协调均值分别为0.627、0.610、0.574,东、中部耦合协调度发展水平总体高于西部地区,呈阶梯发展态势。各地区耦合协调度呈下降趋势,东、中地区均呈现系统退化态势,退至勉强协调;西部地区整体协调水平亟待优化,仍为勉强协调。
2017—2021年30个省份两系统发展水平小幅下降,不协调情况有加深趋势,耦合协调均值介于0.236~0.833,30个省份中仅福建、重庆发展态势向好,12个省份出现发展停滞现象,16个省份耦合协调水平下降,东、中、西部地区分别有6、6、4个,我国中医医院医疗资源配置与服务利用耦合协调水平有待提高。见表5
2021年耦合协调度显示,西部地区较差,东部地区较好,各地区均处于勉强协调等级。2021年东部地区失调衰退、过渡调和及协调发展的省份数分别为2、3、6,整体呈协调发展型,广东为中级协调等级最高,海南为严重失调等级最低。中部地区失调衰退、过渡调和及协调衰退型省份数分别为2、4、2,整体呈过渡调和型,河南为中级协调等级最高,吉林为轻度失调等级最低;西部地区失调衰退、过渡调和协调发展的省份数分别为2、5、4,整体呈过渡调和型,四川为中级协调等级最高,青海为中度失调等级最低,这提示我国两系统耦合协调水平存在区域差异。见表5
2021年我国中医医院两系统耦合协调度呈现出“东高西低”的空间格局,以“胡焕庸线”为分界线,较低值处于胡焕庸线的西部、中高值处于胡焕庸线的东部,这表明我国中医医院两系统耦合协调度与我国社会经济的分布特征类似[11]
研究显示,我国三大地区及各省份耦合协调度均出现小幅度下降趋势,耦合协调系统出现停滞或退化态势,整体协调发展水平有待提高。中医医院医疗资源配置与服务利用的发展主要依托中医医院的运行实现,而中医医院运行不仅取决于经济社会发展情况,也与其自身发展水平及政策落实情况等密切相关[12]。因此,提出以下建议:第一,中医医院运行应从系统视角出发,根据各医院所处不同阶段和区域采取针对性措施,加强调整医疗服务价格、分级诊疗、医保支付方式等政策的统筹衔接[13]。第二,应完善监督考核机制,强化政策落实情况监督力度,结合各级中医医院实际情况进行精准指导,因时因势科学施策,发挥政策效能;第三,政府应充分发挥主导作用,引领相关卫生部门共同着力于提升中医医院运行效率,制定更符合中医医院高质量发展的规划目标,推动中医医院的良性协调发展[1]
研究表明,我国各地区中医医院医疗资源配置水平呈下降趋势,西部地区资源配置水平存在明显短板,其经济发展水平较为落后导致对中医医院发展投入不足,难以吸引和留住人才,中医医院医疗资源配置存在不平衡不充分现象,以致西部地区中医医院缺乏发展活力。因此,政府应加大财政投入和政策倾斜力度,积极探索资源跨区域统筹配置策略,利用远程医疗等互联网方式强化各区域中医医院之间的横向交流,促进发达地区优质中医医疗资源的区域流动与共享。此外,应改革中医医院人才流动机制,完善各项激励保障措施,通过实行地区间中医医院免费定向培养、退休返聘、对口支援等措施加强西部地区医疗卫生人才队伍建设。最后,中医医院应以顶层设计为抓手,深化医疗体系改革,创新中医医院服务模式,积极开展巡回医疗,激励优质医疗资源下沉,以推进西部地区中医医院医疗资源均衡布局[3]
2021年仅12个省份中医医院实现两系统同步发展,超一半省份仍未改变资源配置与服务利用滞后的现状。应结合相对发展度精准调整协同发展策略:同步发展型地区,中医医院首先应保障人民的基本医疗需求得到满足,并在此基础上通过不断加强自身高质量中医人才队伍的建设、提高中医医院信息化水平等方式,积极提升中医医院服务利用质量和效率,实现二者同步提升;资源配置滞后型地区,积极协调中医医院医疗资源,拓宽中医医疗资源投入主体,完善中医医院医疗资源配置市场机制,提升医疗资源供给体系改革效率[14],引导优质中医医疗资源下沉,实现区域间中医医疗资源的良好流动,改善医疗资源配置滞后的局面;服务利用滞后型地区,各级中医医院领导者应按时观测医院的实际医疗资源需求及服务利用的均衡情况,避免医疗资源配置过程中出现重复、冗余或利用度低等不合理配置现象,有针对性地调配和部署需求度较高的医疗资源,通过组建中医医院医联体、改善中医医院医疗环境、促进医疗设备智能化、推进远程医疗协作体系建设等方式满足群众就医需求,逐步提升中医医院服务利用水平。
我国中医医院耦合协调度高值位于我国东部经济较发达地区,呈明显空间分布特征,这提示政府医疗卫生投入水平与其地方经济发展情况密切相关[15],经济发展水平对两者协调发展起到重要促进作用。因此,提高经济发展水平和质量将为两系统协调发展创造良好环境,实现带动中医行业的整体发展,促进中医优质资源的聚拢,进而提升中医医院服务利用水平。探寻以经济助推中医医院高质量发展的道路,需吸引相关中医药企业投资和卫生行业人才驻留,形成以中医医院为主体、优势互补的合理经济布局[16],稳固中医医院医疗资源合理配置,提高中医医院医疗服务利用水平,实现二者高质量协同发展。
本研究从探索中医医院医疗资源配置与服务利用两系统协调关系这一目的出发,在指标选取阶段,具有一定的局限性。在今后的研究中,应结合中医医院西医化的背景,增加能够反应中医医院的中医医疗资源配置或中西医结合资源配置与服务利用关系的相关指标,使评价结果更加科学完善,为推动中医医院高质量发展提供参考依据。
  • 山东省重点研发计划(软科学)(2022RKY07004)
  • 山东省中医药科技项目(2021Z004)
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2024年第51卷第22期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406416
  • 接收时间:2024-06-25
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-25
基金
山东省重点研发计划(软科学)(2022RKY07004)
山东省中医药科技项目(2021Z004)
作者信息
    1.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,山东 潍坊 261053
    2.山东第二医科大学管理学院
    3.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心
    4.山东第二医科大学中国康复健康研究院
    5.山东省卫生健康委员会医疗管理服务中心
    6.济宁医学院

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张建华(1970—),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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