Article(id=1241675633093300734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406092, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717603200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968140147, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1732464000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968140147, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968140147, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968140147, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241675628051755031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='22', pageStart='4033', pageEnd='4224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968138945, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968595676, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4116, endPage=4120, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241675635278533159, articleId=1241675633093300734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Associated factors of sleep quality among medical students: Taking a medical university in Hubei province as a sample, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the current situation and influencing factors of medical students’ sleep quality, and to provide targeted intervention measures for improving sleep quality.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2884 medical students from September 2021 to January 2022 using a convenience sampling method. Multiple correspondence analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of medical students’ sleep quality.

Results

The prevalence of poor sleep quality among medical students was 70.32%. The results of multiple correspondence analysis showed that female medical students, sophomores, those with poor self-rated interpersonal relationships and poor health-promoting lifestyles were more likely to have poor sleep quality. The results of multiple stepwise logistic regression analyses showed that four independent variables entered the regression equation, gender (ORfemale=1.34,95% CI: 1.13-1.60), grade (ORsophomore=2.23,95% CI: 1.72-2.88), self-rated interpersonal relationships (ORpoor=1.76,95% CI: 1.47-2.12) and health-promoting lifestyle (ORpoor=2.02, 95% CI: 1.70-2.39).

Conclusion

The prevalence of poor sleep quality among medical students is at a high level. There is a need to focus on sophomores and female students, and to take targeted interventions from the aspects of interpersonal relationship improvement and healthy lifestyle development to improve sleep quality.

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目的

探讨医学生睡眠质量现状以及影响因素,为改善睡眠质量提供有针对性的干预措施。

方法

采用便利抽样法,于2021年9月— 2022年1月选取2 884名医学生进行问卷调查。运用多重对应分析(Multiple Correspondence Analysis,MCA)和多元逐步logistic回归分析,探索医学生睡眠质量的影响因素。

结果

医学生睡眠质量差的检出率为70.32%。MCA结果表明,女性、大二、自评人际关系较差、健康促进生活方式差的医学生更容易出现睡眠质量差。睡眠质量影响因素的多元逐步logistic回归分析结果显示有4个变量进入回归方程,分别是性别(OR=1.34,95% CI: 1.13~1.60)、年级(OR大二=2.23,95% CI: 1.72~ 2.88)、自评人际关系(OR较差=1.76,95% CI: 1.47~2.12)和健康促进生活方式(OR=2.02,95% CI: 1.70~2.39)。

结论

医学生睡眠质量差的检出率处于较高水平。需重点关注大二年级学生和女学生,并从人际关系改善和健康生活方式养成等方面采取有针对性的干预措施,以改善睡眠质量。

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邬闻文,E-mail:
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吕贞(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:睡眠与慢性病

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吕贞(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:睡眠与慢性病

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吕贞(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:睡眠与慢性病

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BMC Women’s Health, 2023, 23(1): 470., articleTitle=Menstrual disturbances and its association with sleep disturbances:a systematic review, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241826547351486705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675633093300734, awardId=D20222105, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省教育厅重点项目(D20222105), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241826547460538613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675633093300734, awardId=2024AFC044, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省自然科学基金计划(2024AFC044), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241826547573784824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675633093300734, awardId=X202110929060, language=CN, fundingSource=大学生创新创业训练计划项目(X202110929060), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241826537939469101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675633093300734, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826537947857710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675633093300734, companyId=1241826537939469101, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826537981412144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675633093300734, companyId=1241826537939469101, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.湖北医药学院公共卫生与健康学院,湖北 十堰 442000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241826538086269751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675633093300734, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826538094658361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675633093300734, companyId=1241826538086269751, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.十堰爱尔眼科医院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241826538216293188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675633093300734, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826538224681797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675633093300734, companyId=1241826538216293188, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.湖北医药学院附属国药东风总医院(湖北省高血压临床医学研究中心))]), AuthorCompany(id=1241826538329539401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675633093300734, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826538350510924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675633093300734, companyId=1241826538329539401, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.湖北省高血压临床医学研究中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241826544356753575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675633093300734, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Heat map of pearson correlation of variables, figureFileSmall=Xfr8F3t8pVovSdxucqhMPA==, figureFileBig=aXw/exesXPNUkqUOE2vChQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826544520331439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675633093300734, language=CN, label=图1, caption=各变量皮尔逊相关性热图, figureFileSmall=Xfr8F3t8pVovSdxucqhMPA==, figureFileBig=aXw/exesXPNUkqUOE2vChQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826544751018167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675633093300734, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Multiple correspondence analysis of factors affecting sleep quality, figureFileSmall=Br6eofaertHdoTpA31Pldw==, figureFileBig=X0i4jlFfeqfsHRHk8btrJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826544872652990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675633093300734, language=CN, label=图2, caption=睡眠质量影响因素多重对应分析图

月收入_1:家庭人均月收入<1 000元,月收入_2:家庭人均月收入1 000~3 000元,月收入_3:家庭人均月收入>3 000元,生活费_1:每月生活费<1 000元,生活费_2:每月生活费1 000~2 000元,生活费_3:每月生活费>2 000元,HPLP_1:健康促进生活方式好,HPLP_2:健康促进生活方式差。

, figureFileSmall=Br6eofaertHdoTpA31Pldw==, figureFileBig=X0i4jlFfeqfsHRHk8btrJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826545015259331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675633093300734, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Univariate analysis of poor sleep quality among medical students

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总人数
(n =2 884)
睡眠质量好
n(%)
睡眠质量差
n(%)
χ2P
性别25.83<0.001
男性977(33.88)349(40.77)628(30.97)
女性1 907(66.12)507(59.23)1 400(69.03)
年级43.62<0.001
大一1 913(66.33)627(73.25)1 286(63.41)
大二485(16.82)86(10.05)399(19.67)
大三及以上486(16.85)143(16.70)343(16.92)
年龄(岁)1.850.174
<18210(7.28)71(8.29)139(6.85)
≥182 674(92.72)785(91.71)1 889(93.15)
生源地1.060.302
城市1 084(37.59)334(39.02)750(36.98)
农村1 800(62.41)522(60.98)1 278(63.02)
每月生活费(元)0.600.741
<1 000407(14.11)127(14.84)280(13.81)
1 000~2 0002 329(80.76)684(79.90)1 645(81.11)
>2 000148(5.13)45(5.26)103(5.08)
家庭人均月收入(元)11.220.004
<1 000225(7.80)73(8.53)152(7.50)
1 000~3 0001 225(42.48)323(37.73)902(44.48)
>3 0001 434(49.72)460(53.74)974(48.02)
自评人际关系82.79<0.001
较好778(26.98)330(38.55)448(22.09)
较差2 106(73.02)526(61.45)1 580(77.91)
健康促进生活方式105.48<0.001
1 041(36.10)430(50.23)611(30.13)
1 843(63.90)426(49.77)1 417(69.87)
), ArticleFig(id=1241826545153671372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675633093300734, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

医学生睡眠质量差的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总人数
(n =2 884)
睡眠质量好
n(%)
睡眠质量差
n(%)
χ2P
性别25.83<0.001
男性977(33.88)349(40.77)628(30.97)
女性1 907(66.12)507(59.23)1 400(69.03)
年级43.62<0.001
大一1 913(66.33)627(73.25)1 286(63.41)
大二485(16.82)86(10.05)399(19.67)
大三及以上486(16.85)143(16.70)343(16.92)
年龄(岁)1.850.174
<18210(7.28)71(8.29)139(6.85)
≥182 674(92.72)785(91.71)1 889(93.15)
生源地1.060.302
城市1 084(37.59)334(39.02)750(36.98)
农村1 800(62.41)522(60.98)1 278(63.02)
每月生活费(元)0.600.741
<1 000407(14.11)127(14.84)280(13.81)
1 000~2 0002 329(80.76)684(79.90)1 645(81.11)
>2 000148(5.13)45(5.26)103(5.08)
家庭人均月收入(元)11.220.004
<1 000225(7.80)73(8.53)152(7.50)
1 000~3 0001 225(42.48)323(37.73)902(44.48)
>3 0001 434(49.72)460(53.74)974(48.02)
自评人际关系82.79<0.001
较好778(26.98)330(38.55)448(22.09)
较差2 106(73.02)526(61.45)1 580(77.91)
健康促进生活方式105.48<0.001
1 041(36.10)430(50.23)611(30.13)
1 843(63.90)426(49.77)1 417(69.87)
), ArticleFig(id=1241826546692980948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675633093300734, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The specific assignment of a variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量变量名赋值说明
性别X11=男性;2=女性
年级X21=大一;2=大二;3=大三以上
年龄(岁)X31=<18;2=≥18
生源地X41=城市;2=农村
每月生活费(元)X51=<1 000;2=1 000~2 000;3=>2 000
家庭人均月收入(元)X61=<1 000;2=1 000~3 000;3=>3 000
自评人际关系X71=较好;2=较差
睡眠质量X81=好;2=差
健康促进生活方式X91=好;2=差
), ArticleFig(id=1241826546827198682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675633093300734, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

变量的具体赋值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量变量名赋值说明
性别X11=男性;2=女性
年级X21=大一;2=大二;3=大三以上
年龄(岁)X31=<18;2=≥18
生源地X41=城市;2=农村
每月生活费(元)X51=<1 000;2=1 000~2 000;3=>2 000
家庭人均月收入(元)X61=<1 000;2=1 000~3 000;3=>3 000
自评人际关系X71=较好;2=较差
睡眠质量X81=好;2=差
健康促进生活方式X91=好;2=差
), ArticleFig(id=1241826546940444895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675633093300734, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis of sleep quality among medical students

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量BS.E.WaldOR值(95% CIP
性别
男性1.00
女性0.2940.08910.8761.34 (1.13 ~ 1.60)0.001
年级
大一1.00
大二0.8000.13237.0152.23 (1.72 ~ 2.88)<0.001
大三及以上0.1270.1151.2151.14 (0.91 ~ 1.42)0.270
家庭人均月收入(元)
<1 0001.00
1 000~3 0000.3410.1624.4211.41 (1.02 ~ 1.93)0.360
>3 0000.1950.1601.4951.22 (0.89 ~ 1.66)0.221
自评人际关系
较好
较差0.5660.09436.3091.76 (1.47 ~ 2.12)<0.001
健康促进生活方式
1.00
0.7000.08863.7922.02 (1.70 ~ 2.39)<0.001
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医学生睡眠质量的多元逐步logistic回归分析

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变量BS.E.WaldOR值(95% CIP
性别
男性1.00
女性0.2940.08910.8761.34 (1.13 ~ 1.60)0.001
年级
大一1.00
大二0.8000.13237.0152.23 (1.72 ~ 2.88)<0.001
大三及以上0.1270.1151.2151.14 (0.91 ~ 1.42)0.270
家庭人均月收入(元)
<1 0001.00
1 000~3 0000.3410.1624.4211.41 (1.02 ~ 1.93)0.360
>3 0000.1950.1601.4951.22 (0.89 ~ 1.66)0.221
自评人际关系
较好
较差0.5660.09436.3091.76 (1.47 ~ 2.12)<0.001
健康促进生活方式
1.00
0.7000.08863.7922.02 (1.70 ~ 2.39)<0.001
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医学生睡眠质量的影响因素研究——以湖北省某医学院校为例
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吕贞 1 , 郑瑞 2 , 许浩 3, 4 , 闵新文 3, 4 , 陈继舜 3, 4 , 李东锋 3, 4 , 陈俊 3, 4 , 邬闻文 1, 3, 4
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(22): 4116-4120
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(22): 4116-4120
医学生睡眠质量的影响因素研究——以湖北省某医学院校为例
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吕贞1, 郑瑞2, 许浩3, 4, 闵新文3, 4, 陈继舜3, 4, 李东锋3, 4, 陈俊3, 4, 邬闻文1, 3, 4
作者信息
  • 1.湖北医药学院公共卫生与健康学院,湖北 十堰 442000
  • 2.十堰爱尔眼科医院
  • 3.湖北医药学院附属国药东风总医院(湖北省高血压临床医学研究中心)
  • 4.湖北省高血压临床医学研究中心
  • 吕贞(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:睡眠与慢性病

通讯作者:

邬闻文,E-mail:
Associated factors of sleep quality among medical students: Taking a medical university in Hubei province as a sample
Zhen LV1, Rui ZHENG2, Hao XU3, 4, Xin-wen MIN3, 4, Ji-shun CHEN3, 4, Dong-feng LI3, 4, Jun CHEN3, 4, Wen-wen WU1, 3, 4
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
出版时间: 2024-11-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406092
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目的

探讨医学生睡眠质量现状以及影响因素,为改善睡眠质量提供有针对性的干预措施。

方法

采用便利抽样法,于2021年9月— 2022年1月选取2 884名医学生进行问卷调查。运用多重对应分析(Multiple Correspondence Analysis,MCA)和多元逐步logistic回归分析,探索医学生睡眠质量的影响因素。

结果

医学生睡眠质量差的检出率为70.32%。MCA结果表明,女性、大二、自评人际关系较差、健康促进生活方式差的医学生更容易出现睡眠质量差。睡眠质量影响因素的多元逐步logistic回归分析结果显示有4个变量进入回归方程,分别是性别(OR=1.34,95% CI: 1.13~1.60)、年级(OR大二=2.23,95% CI: 1.72~ 2.88)、自评人际关系(OR较差=1.76,95% CI: 1.47~2.12)和健康促进生活方式(OR=2.02,95% CI: 1.70~2.39)。

结论

医学生睡眠质量差的检出率处于较高水平。需重点关注大二年级学生和女学生,并从人际关系改善和健康生活方式养成等方面采取有针对性的干预措施,以改善睡眠质量。

医学生  /  睡眠质量  /  影响因素  /  多重对应分析
Objective

To explore the current situation and influencing factors of medical students’ sleep quality, and to provide targeted intervention measures for improving sleep quality.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2884 medical students from September 2021 to January 2022 using a convenience sampling method. Multiple correspondence analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of medical students’ sleep quality.

Results

The prevalence of poor sleep quality among medical students was 70.32%. The results of multiple correspondence analysis showed that female medical students, sophomores, those with poor self-rated interpersonal relationships and poor health-promoting lifestyles were more likely to have poor sleep quality. The results of multiple stepwise logistic regression analyses showed that four independent variables entered the regression equation, gender (ORfemale=1.34,95% CI: 1.13-1.60), grade (ORsophomore=2.23,95% CI: 1.72-2.88), self-rated interpersonal relationships (ORpoor=1.76,95% CI: 1.47-2.12) and health-promoting lifestyle (ORpoor=2.02, 95% CI: 1.70-2.39).

Conclusion

The prevalence of poor sleep quality among medical students is at a high level. There is a need to focus on sophomores and female students, and to take targeted interventions from the aspects of interpersonal relationship improvement and healthy lifestyle development to improve sleep quality.

Medical students  /  Sleep quality  /  Risk factors  /  Multiple correspondence analysis
吕贞, 郑瑞, 许浩, 闵新文, 陈继舜, 李东锋, 陈俊, 邬闻文. 医学生睡眠质量的影响因素研究——以湖北省某医学院校为例. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4116 -4120 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406092
Zhen LV, Rui ZHENG, Hao XU, Xin-wen MIN, Ji-shun CHEN, Dong-feng LI, Jun CHEN, Wen-wen WU. Associated factors of sleep quality among medical students: Taking a medical university in Hubei province as a sample[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4116 -4120 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406092
睡眠质量差是全球普遍存在的健康问题。众所周知,大学生是最缺乏睡眠的人群之一[1]。睡眠质量差会影响大学生的身心健康、注意力和学习成绩。由于学业的压力、紊乱的生活作息和不健康的睡眠习惯,导致大学生的睡眠质量容易受到影响[2]
医学生作为大学生中的一个特殊群体,他们往往面临着高水平的学习要求和高强度的临床实践,因此,医学生比其他专业的学生更容易出现睡眠质量差的问题。Ding等人[3]的研究显示,医学生中睡眠质量差的检出率高达31.9%。虽然国内已有部分关于睡眠质量的研究,但针对我国医学生睡眠质量的研究仍然有限。
睡眠质量影响因素的研究一直是公共卫生领域关注的焦点。解释变量间相关性的传统统计方法主要有logistic回归、cox回归、meta分析、剂量-反应关系分析等。近年来,多重对应分析(Multiple Correspondence Analysis,MCA)在疾病危险因素研究领域已被证实具有较好的科学性和有效性[4-5]。以往的许多研究都探索了睡眠质量的影响因素,但目前尚无研究采用MCA这一统计方法。本研究旨在通过MCA和多元逐步logistic回归分析医学生睡眠质量的影响因素,以便为该人群的睡眠质量改善提供参考依据。
本研究为横断面调查,于2021年9月—2022年1月,采用便利抽样法选取湖北省十堰市湖北医药学院在读大学生。本研究所需最小样本量为380例,样本量的计算方法已在前人的研究中报道[6]。将头部受伤、慢性呼吸系统疾病和拒绝参与研究的对象排除在外。共有3 554名大学生参与本次调查,有效回收率为96.31%。在剔除非医学专业的学生后,共计2 884名医学生纳入本次分析。
人口社会学特征主要包括性别、年级、年龄、生源地、每月生活费、家庭人均月收入、自评人际关系。其中自评人际关系是通过:“您认为自己的人际关系如何?”来评估的。
采用中文版匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)来评估睡眠质量。PSQI由Buysse等人[7]于1989年研发。中文版的PSQI由19个条目和7个维度组成,每个条目的得分范围为0~3分。各维度的总分相加为PSQI总分,取值范围为0~21分,得分越高,睡眠质量越差。本研究根据以往的文献,将睡眠质量分为两类,即睡眠质量好(0≤总分≤5)和睡眠质量差(5<总分≤21)[8]
健康促进生活方式采用曹文君等[9]修订的健康促进生活方式量表(Health promoting lifestyle profile-Ⅱrevised,HPLP-II R)进行评估。中文版HPLP-II R具有良好的效度,Cronbach α系数为0.92。HPLP-II R包括人际关系、健康责任、压力管理、营养、体育运动和精神成长6个维度,共计40个条目。各维度得分之和为总分,总分范围为40~160。Han等人[10]的研究根据总分分为四个类,本研究在其基础上将前两类(差、较差)合并为一类,后两类(良好、优秀)合并为一类,即差(40~99分)和好(100~160分)。得分越高,代表生活方式越健康。
本研究方案已获湖北医药学院伦理审查委员会批准(批准号:2022–RE–026)。参与者均自愿参与本研究并签署知情同意书。
运用R语言4.2.2进行数据分析。计数资料采用频数或构成比表示。采用χ2检验比较不同特征医学生的睡眠质量差异。使用Spearman相关系数 (r) 来评估变量之间的关系。采用“FactoMineR”包进行MCA,探讨医学生睡眠质量差各因素间的对应关系,并以图形进行可视化。采用多元逐步(步进法)logistic回归分析各因素对医学生睡眠质量的独立影响。检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共纳入2 884名参与者,男性997人(33.88%),女性1 907人(66.12%),其中70.32%(2 028/2 884)的医学生睡眠质量差。以下特征的参与者占大多数:女性(66.12%)、大一(66.33%)、≥18岁(92.72%)、农村(62.41%)、每月生活费1 000~2 000元(80.76%)、家庭人均月收入>3 000元(49.72%)、自评人际关系较差(73.02%)、健康促进生活方式差(63.90%)。
分析结果显示,不同性别、年级、家庭人均月收入、自评人际关系、健康促进生活方式的睡眠质量差检出率的差异,均有统计学意义,(P<0.05),见表1
从相关系数热图(图1)可以看出,PSQI得分与年级(r=0.06)、年龄(r =0.03)、性别(r =0.09)、生源地(r=0.02)、每月生活费(r=0.01)、自评人际关系(r =0.17)均呈正相关(P<0.05),与家庭人均月收入(r= -0.03)、健康促进生活方式(r = -0.19)均呈负相关(P<0.05)。
图2展示了MCA结果中各变量的贡献及其相关性(横轴和纵轴分别表示维度1和2)。各变量之间的距离越近,代表关联越强。当这些点很近且变量之间的距离最小时,这些点之间的关联是显著的。两个维度的总惯量为26.3%。第一个维度解释了11.7%的数据变异性,第二个维度解释了14.6%的数据变异性。如图2所示,睡眠质量差与女性、大二、自评人际关系较差、健康促进生活方式差在同一象限且距离较近,表明睡眠质量差与女性、大二、自评人际关系较差、健康促进生活方式差之间的关联有显著性。
为进一步客观量化各因素对睡眠质量的独立影响,以睡眠质量为因变量,将单因素分析中具有统计学意义的自变量纳入多元逐步logistic回归分析,变量赋值表见表2。结果显示女性(OR=1.34,95% CI: 1.13~1.60)、大二(OR=2.23,95% CI: 1.72~ 2.88)、自评人际关系较差(OR=1.76,95% CI: 1.47~2.12)和健康促进生活方式差(OR=2.02,95% CI: 1.70~2.39)是医学生睡眠质量的危险因素(P<0.05),见表3
本研究中,MCA和多元逐步logistic回归分析的结果一致,相互印证。MCA是一种探索性因子分析,其能够通过图形使变量之间的关系得到直观展示,以便更容易分析和识别各变量间可能存在的联系,但无法进行统计推断[11]。多元逐步logistic回归可按照影响因素重要性大小依次筛选有显著影响的因素,而剔除对潜在危险影响小的因素[12]。因此,基于以上特点,本研究将MCA和多元逐步logistic回归分析相结合,使结果能更加直观、容易地被观察和解释。
本研究结果显示,医学生睡眠质量差的检出率为70.32%。沙特阿拉伯地区医学生睡眠质量差的检出率为63.20%[13],本研究结果与其较接近。进一步揭示了医学生中普遍存在睡眠质量差的现象。
基于睡眠质量的MCA和logistic回归结果表明,睡眠质量好与自评人际关系较好之间的关联具有显著性。人类作为群居动物,具有社会属性,人际交往是人类活动不可或缺的一部分。在医学生面临的众多压力中,因人际关系紧张而引起的压力是最常见的一类。已有研究表明,青少年的人际关系与睡眠质量显著相关[14]。这与Chiang等人[15]的研究结果一致,其发现人际关系紧张会导致青少年睡眠时间缩短和睡眠质量下降。紧张的人际关系会导致学生产生负面情绪和压力,进而对睡眠质量产生负面影响。
此外,本研究发现睡眠质量与健康促进生活方式之间也存在一定关联。生活方式不健康的医学生较生活方式健康的医学生更容易出现睡眠质量差。医学生不健康的生活方式可表现为不规律的饮食、低水平的体育锻炼、经常熬夜等。最近的一项研究显示,适度运动对全年龄段人群的睡眠质量都有正面影响[16]。体育活动会刺激迷走神经,导致觉醒水平升高[17],从而对睡眠质量产生积极的影响。大学生使用电子屏幕的时间越长,睡眠时间越少,更容易产生食物成瘾,引起不规律饮食[18]。与不规律饮食相比,规律饮食与好的睡眠质量相关[19]。不健康的生活方式和睡眠质量之间的关系是双向的,这种关系在两者之间造成了潜在的恶性循环。
本研究显示,睡眠质量与年级之间也存在显著的相关性。与其他年级的学生相比,二年级的医学生更容易出现睡眠质量差,这一发现得到了Corrêa等人[20]研究结果的支持。大二的学生往往刚开始学习专业课程知识,不仅学习内容更加广泛,难度也大大提高。当医学生面对较高的学业要求,同时又缺乏体力锻炼时[21],他们无法迅速地适应这些变化,导致整体压力水平增加。同时,个人时间和社团活动的减少也导致其压力无法及时得到释放,最终可能引起睡眠质量下降。
已有研究发现,女大学生睡眠质量比男大学生睡眠质量更差[22],本研究与其研究结果较一致。究其原因可能有两点:一方面,由于心理原因,女性更倾向内化情绪[23],她们会比同龄男性经历更多的心理健康问题,如抑郁、焦虑和其他心理困扰;另一方面,由于身体原因,女性可能会面临月经周期不规律和经期疼痛的问题,进而影响睡眠质量[24]
本研究首次使用MCA和logistic回归分析初步探索了医学生睡眠质量的影响因素,但存在一定的局限性:(1)采用横断面设计,不能进行因果推断,未来可根据本研究提供的线索,采用前瞻性队列研究对结果予以进一步检验;(2)人际关系、人均月收入等资料是自我报告的,故可能存在信息偏倚,今后的研究中需尽量采用客观指标;(3)本研究可能忽略了其他潜在混杂因素的影响,例如睡眠模式、社交媒体使用时间、饮食模式等,未来的研究中需将更多潜在混杂因素纳入分析;(4)本研究采用便利抽样法抽取研究对象,且样本仅来源于湖北省一所医学院校,对于研究对象的选择可能存在选择偏倚,故今后可基于随机抽样在更广泛地区开展多中心研究,以增加结果的外推性。
综上所述,医学生睡眠质量差的检出率处于较高水平。医学生睡眠质量的影响因素包括性别、年级、自评人际关系和健康促进生活方式。医学院校健康管理人员应采取有针对性的干预措施,如重点关注女学生和二年级学生,改善医学生的人际关系和生活方式,以提高医学生的睡眠质量。
  • 湖北省教育厅重点项目(D20222105)
  • 湖北省自然科学基金计划(2024AFC044)
  • 大学生创新创业训练计划项目(X202110929060)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406092
  • 接收时间:2024-06-06
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-06
基金
湖北省教育厅重点项目(D20222105)
湖北省自然科学基金计划(2024AFC044)
大学生创新创业训练计划项目(X202110929060)
作者信息
    1.湖北医药学院公共卫生与健康学院,湖北 十堰 442000
    2.十堰爱尔眼科医院
    3.湖北医药学院附属国药东风总医院(湖北省高血压临床医学研究中心)
    4.湖北省高血压临床医学研究中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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Number of
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种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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