Article(id=1241675632749367796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406198, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718208000000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968140065, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1732464000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968140065, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968140065, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968140065, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241675628051755031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='22', pageStart='4033', pageEnd='4224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968138945, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968595676, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4096, endPage=4100, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241675633093300733, articleId=1241675632749367796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Effects of infant feeding patterns on intestinal short-chain fatty acids and Bifidobacteria in early life and their relationship with allergic diseases, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To observe the effects of breastfeeding on intestinal flora and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in infants and how they affect the occurrence of infant allergies.

Methods

A nested case-control study was conducted in an existing mother-infant cohort. A total of 48 infants were selected as study subjects and divided into a healthy/allergic mixed feeding group and a breastfeeding group. Fecal samples were collected at 15 days, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months. The contents of three SCFAs in the samples were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the bifidobacteria in infant feces were quantitatively analyzed by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.

Results

Feeding patterns mainly affected bifidobacteria at 15 days and 1 month. The bifidobacteria level in healthy mixed-fed infants was significantly higher than that in allergic mixed-fed infants at 15 days (7.75±0.60 CFU/g vs 6.28±0.28 CFU/g, t=2.232, P=0.047). At 1 month, the bifidobacteria level in healthy mixed-fed infants was higher than that in healthy breastfed infants (8.01±0.50 CFU/g vs 6.62±0.13 CFU/g, t=2.712, P=0.027). There were differences in the main SCFAs between healthy and allergic infants with different feeding patterns. On day 15, the acetic acid content in the healthy breastfeeding group was significantly higher than that in the allergic breastfeeding group and the healthy mixed feeding group (1 035.10 μg/g vs 285.55±90.64 μg/g, t=3.698, P=0.034; 1 035.10 μg/g vs 406.11±63.19 μg/g, t=3.148, P=0.014), and the propionic acid content in the healthy mixed feeding group was higher than that in the allergic mixed feeding group (128.00±32.24 μg/g vs 12.61±3.90 μg/g, t=3.553, P=0.007). At 6 and 12 months, the propionic acid content in the healthy mixed feeding group was lower than that in the allergic mixed feeding group. There were varying degrees of correlation between SCFAs and bifidobacteria in the intestines of healthy and allergic infants with different feeding patterns. In the healthy group, a simple and stable relationship between bifidobacteria and SCFAs was observed in mixed-fed infants, while in the allergic group, the relationship between SCFAs and bifidobacteria was complex and had no obvious pattern.

Conclusion

Feeding patterns affect the occurrence of infant allergies by influencing intestinal flora and SCFAs in infants. Mixed-fed infants are more prone to allergies, while breastfeeding has a significant protective effect on the intestines of allergic infants.

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目的

观察母乳喂养对婴儿肠道菌群和短链脂肪酸的影响进而如何影响婴儿过敏发生。

方法

本研究在已有的母婴队列中采用巢式病例对照研究方法,选取48例婴儿作为研究对象,分为健康/过敏混合喂养和母乳喂养组。在15天、1个月、6个月和12个月时收集粪便样本。使用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)测定样品中3种短链脂肪酸的含量,采用实时荧光定量 PCR 对婴儿粪便中双歧杆菌进行定量分析。

结果

喂养方式主要影响15天和1个月时的双歧杆菌。健康混合喂养婴儿在15天时的双歧杆菌水平显著高于过敏混合喂养婴儿(7.75±0.60 CFU/g vs 6.28±0.28 CFU/g,t=2.232,P=0.047)。在1个月时,健康混合喂养婴儿的双歧杆菌水平高于健康母乳喂养婴儿(8.01±0.50 CFU/g vs 6.62±0.13 CFU/g,t=2.712,P=0.027)。不同喂养方式健康组与过敏组婴儿主要短链脂肪酸存在差异。第15天时,健康母乳组的乙酸含量显著高于过敏母乳组和健康混合组(1 035.10 μg/g vs 285.55±90.64 μg/g,t=3.698,P=0.034;1 035.10 μg/g vs 406.11±63.19 μg/g,t=3.148,P=0.014 ),健康混合组的丙酸含量高于过敏混合组(128.00±32.24 μg/g vs 12.61±3.90 μg/g,t=3.553,P=0.007)。第6月和12月时,健康混合组的丙酸含量低于过敏混合组。不同喂养方式的健康组和过敏组婴儿肠道短链脂肪酸与双歧杆菌存在不同程度的相关。在健康组中,混合喂养婴儿双歧杆菌与短链脂肪酸之间显现出一种简单且稳定的关系,而在过敏组中,短链脂肪酸与双歧杆菌的关系错综复杂,无明显规律。

结论

喂养方式通过影响婴儿肠道菌群以及短链脂肪酸进而影响婴儿过敏发生。混合喂养的婴儿更易发生过敏;母乳喂养对于过敏婴儿肠道具有显著的保护作用。

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沈曦,E-mail:
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陈菲(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:肠道菌群研究

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陈菲(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:肠道菌群研究

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陈菲(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:肠道菌群研究

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Clinical and Translational Allergy, 2024, 14(2): e12339., articleTitle=A cross talk between microbial metabolites and host immunity: Its relevance for allergic diseases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241826540502192749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675632749367796, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=56, issue=Suppl 67, pageStart=35, pageEnd=38, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Wal JM, journalName=Allergy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wal JM. Structure and function of milk allergens[J]. Allergy, 2001, 56 Suppl 67: 35-38., articleTitle=Structure and function of milk allergens, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241826538153382337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675632749367796, awardId=No.82003453, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(No.82003453), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241826529924157490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675632749367796, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826529928351796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675632749367796, companyId=1241826529924157490, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital,Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826529936740404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675632749367796, companyId=1241826529924157490, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241826534835687701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675632749367796, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Differences in Bifidobacterium between groups on day 15, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months, figureFileSmall=TST0RSSPBG8NzgwUO9uLBQ==, figureFileBig=bZ/EpPRobbekAVKL951wCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826534936351007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675632749367796, language=CN, label=图1, caption=第15天、1月、6月、12月组间双歧杆菌属的差异

注:*检验水准α=0.05。

, figureFileSmall=TST0RSSPBG8NzgwUO9uLBQ==, figureFileBig=bZ/EpPRobbekAVKL951wCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826535057985834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675632749367796, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Differences in eight species of bifidobacteria between groups on Day 15, Month 1, Month 6, and Month 12, figureFileSmall=Qa7VMtpNnZyHGq2ALKibVw==, figureFileBig=iy2a9Rz3/Mb7IeVGr0kmFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826535171232055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675632749367796, language=CN, label=图2, caption=第15天、1月、6月、12月组间双歧杆菌 8 个种的差异

注:*检验水准α=0.05。

, figureFileSmall=Qa7VMtpNnZyHGq2ALKibVw==, figureFileBig=iy2a9Rz3/Mb7IeVGr0kmFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826535255118144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675632749367796, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Differences in short-chain fatty acids between groups on Day 15, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months, figureFileSmall=EsMErgzp7/lEtStv6pBmeA==, figureFileBig=RhfFS1eCtr5P5wxYM0P/+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826535401918795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675632749367796, language=CN, label=图3, caption=第15天、1月、6月、12月组间短链脂肪酸差异

注:*检验水准α=0.05。

, figureFileSmall=EsMErgzp7/lEtStv6pBmeA==, figureFileBig=RhfFS1eCtr5P5wxYM0P/+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826535561302367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675632749367796, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Correlation between Bifidobacterium and exercise fatty acids in healthy and allergic infants with different feeding methods, figureFileSmall=z3u06K/Py5xGkjG+5sL4UQ==, figureFileBig=4ijTVP7bt2STOOd856xrWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826535708103017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675632749367796, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同喂养方式健康组与过敏组婴儿双歧杆菌与锻炼脂肪酸的相关性, figureFileSmall=z3u06K/Py5xGkjG+5sL4UQ==, figureFileBig=4ijTVP7bt2STOOd856xrWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826535875875186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675632749367796, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Correlation between bifidobacteria and short-chain fatty acids in infant feces, figureFileSmall=IKeuhpMIOdlisXspou9JcQ==, figureFileBig=XW8E6AqN3QTF+hhl6pRJ9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826535993315706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675632749367796, language=CN, label=图5, caption=婴儿粪便双歧杆菌与短链脂肪酸相关性, figureFileSmall=IKeuhpMIOdlisXspou9JcQ==, figureFileBig=XW8E6AqN3QTF+hhl6pRJ9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826536135922057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675632749367796, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Fecal sample status at each time point for different disease-feeding groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本采集时间健康混合
组样品数
过敏混合
组样品数
健康母乳
组样品数
过敏母乳
组样品数
总样
品数
15天961420
1月862420
6月654520
12月7102019
), ArticleFig(id=1241826536257556884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675632749367796, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同疾病-喂养分组各时间点粪便样品情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本采集时间健康混合
组样品数
过敏混合
组样品数
健康母乳
组样品数
过敏母乳
组样品数
总样
品数
15天961420
1月862420
6月654520
12月7102019
), ArticleFig(id=1241826537771700637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675632749367796, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Standard curve equation of Bifidobacterium genus/species

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种计算公式R2扩增效率(E)
双歧杆菌属(Bi.)lg C菌= -0.252 7Ct+13.9820.996 70.793
青春双歧杆菌(B.ado)lg C菌= -0.261 1Ct+13.3380.998 30.824
角双歧杆菌(B.ang)lg C菌= -0.286 9Ct+15.1340.995 30.942
两歧双歧杆菌(B.bif)lg C菌= -0.309 7Ct+18.1100.998 91.042
短双歧杆菌(B.bre)lg C菌= -0.274 6Ct+14.5530.997 80.885
链状双歧杆菌(B.cat)lg C菌= -0.232 1Ct+13.5510.997 70.709
齿双歧杆菌(B.den)lg C菌= -0.285 3Ct+14.6690.992 30.929
婴儿双歧杆菌(B.inf)lg C菌= -0.240 5Ct+13.2370.999 60.740
长双歧杆菌(B.lon)lg C菌= -0.268 0Ct+13.9160.991 80.863
), ArticleFig(id=1241826537901724070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675632749367796, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

双歧杆菌属/种的标准曲线方程

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种计算公式R2扩增效率(E)
双歧杆菌属(Bi.)lg C菌= -0.252 7Ct+13.9820.996 70.793
青春双歧杆菌(B.ado)lg C菌= -0.261 1Ct+13.3380.998 30.824
角双歧杆菌(B.ang)lg C菌= -0.286 9Ct+15.1340.995 30.942
两歧双歧杆菌(B.bif)lg C菌= -0.309 7Ct+18.1100.998 91.042
短双歧杆菌(B.bre)lg C菌= -0.274 6Ct+14.5530.997 80.885
链状双歧杆菌(B.cat)lg C菌= -0.232 1Ct+13.5510.997 70.709
齿双歧杆菌(B.den)lg C菌= -0.285 3Ct+14.6690.992 30.929
婴儿双歧杆菌(B.inf)lg C菌= -0.240 5Ct+13.2370.999 60.740
长双歧杆菌(B.lon)lg C菌= -0.268 0Ct+13.9160.991 80.863
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喂养方式对婴儿肠道短链脂肪酸与双歧杆菌的影响以及与过敏性疾病的关系
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陈菲 , 许晓林 , 李亚彭 , 程如越 , 何方 , 沈曦
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(22): 4096-4100
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(22): 4096-4100
喂养方式对婴儿肠道短链脂肪酸与双歧杆菌的影响以及与过敏性疾病的关系
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陈菲, 许晓林, 李亚彭, 程如越, 何方, 沈曦
作者信息
  • 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 陈菲(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:肠道菌群研究

通讯作者:

沈曦,E-mail:
Effects of infant feeding patterns on intestinal short-chain fatty acids and Bifidobacteria in early life and their relationship with allergic diseases
Fei CHEN, Xiao-lin XU, Ya-peng LI, Ru-yue CHENG, Fang HE, Xi SHEN
Affiliations
  • Department of West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital,Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2024-11-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406198
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目的

观察母乳喂养对婴儿肠道菌群和短链脂肪酸的影响进而如何影响婴儿过敏发生。

方法

本研究在已有的母婴队列中采用巢式病例对照研究方法,选取48例婴儿作为研究对象,分为健康/过敏混合喂养和母乳喂养组。在15天、1个月、6个月和12个月时收集粪便样本。使用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)测定样品中3种短链脂肪酸的含量,采用实时荧光定量 PCR 对婴儿粪便中双歧杆菌进行定量分析。

结果

喂养方式主要影响15天和1个月时的双歧杆菌。健康混合喂养婴儿在15天时的双歧杆菌水平显著高于过敏混合喂养婴儿(7.75±0.60 CFU/g vs 6.28±0.28 CFU/g,t=2.232,P=0.047)。在1个月时,健康混合喂养婴儿的双歧杆菌水平高于健康母乳喂养婴儿(8.01±0.50 CFU/g vs 6.62±0.13 CFU/g,t=2.712,P=0.027)。不同喂养方式健康组与过敏组婴儿主要短链脂肪酸存在差异。第15天时,健康母乳组的乙酸含量显著高于过敏母乳组和健康混合组(1 035.10 μg/g vs 285.55±90.64 μg/g,t=3.698,P=0.034;1 035.10 μg/g vs 406.11±63.19 μg/g,t=3.148,P=0.014 ),健康混合组的丙酸含量高于过敏混合组(128.00±32.24 μg/g vs 12.61±3.90 μg/g,t=3.553,P=0.007)。第6月和12月时,健康混合组的丙酸含量低于过敏混合组。不同喂养方式的健康组和过敏组婴儿肠道短链脂肪酸与双歧杆菌存在不同程度的相关。在健康组中,混合喂养婴儿双歧杆菌与短链脂肪酸之间显现出一种简单且稳定的关系,而在过敏组中,短链脂肪酸与双歧杆菌的关系错综复杂,无明显规律。

结论

喂养方式通过影响婴儿肠道菌群以及短链脂肪酸进而影响婴儿过敏发生。混合喂养的婴儿更易发生过敏;母乳喂养对于过敏婴儿肠道具有显著的保护作用。

婴儿喂养方式  /  过敏  /  短链脂肪酸  /  双歧杆菌
Objective

To observe the effects of breastfeeding on intestinal flora and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in infants and how they affect the occurrence of infant allergies.

Methods

A nested case-control study was conducted in an existing mother-infant cohort. A total of 48 infants were selected as study subjects and divided into a healthy/allergic mixed feeding group and a breastfeeding group. Fecal samples were collected at 15 days, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months. The contents of three SCFAs in the samples were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the bifidobacteria in infant feces were quantitatively analyzed by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.

Results

Feeding patterns mainly affected bifidobacteria at 15 days and 1 month. The bifidobacteria level in healthy mixed-fed infants was significantly higher than that in allergic mixed-fed infants at 15 days (7.75±0.60 CFU/g vs 6.28±0.28 CFU/g, t=2.232, P=0.047). At 1 month, the bifidobacteria level in healthy mixed-fed infants was higher than that in healthy breastfed infants (8.01±0.50 CFU/g vs 6.62±0.13 CFU/g, t=2.712, P=0.027). There were differences in the main SCFAs between healthy and allergic infants with different feeding patterns. On day 15, the acetic acid content in the healthy breastfeeding group was significantly higher than that in the allergic breastfeeding group and the healthy mixed feeding group (1 035.10 μg/g vs 285.55±90.64 μg/g, t=3.698, P=0.034; 1 035.10 μg/g vs 406.11±63.19 μg/g, t=3.148, P=0.014), and the propionic acid content in the healthy mixed feeding group was higher than that in the allergic mixed feeding group (128.00±32.24 μg/g vs 12.61±3.90 μg/g, t=3.553, P=0.007). At 6 and 12 months, the propionic acid content in the healthy mixed feeding group was lower than that in the allergic mixed feeding group. There were varying degrees of correlation between SCFAs and bifidobacteria in the intestines of healthy and allergic infants with different feeding patterns. In the healthy group, a simple and stable relationship between bifidobacteria and SCFAs was observed in mixed-fed infants, while in the allergic group, the relationship between SCFAs and bifidobacteria was complex and had no obvious pattern.

Conclusion

Feeding patterns affect the occurrence of infant allergies by influencing intestinal flora and SCFAs in infants. Mixed-fed infants are more prone to allergies, while breastfeeding has a significant protective effect on the intestines of allergic infants.

Infant feeding methods  /  Allergy  /  Short-chain fatty acid  /  Bifidobacteria
陈菲, 许晓林, 李亚彭, 程如越, 何方, 沈曦. 喂养方式对婴儿肠道短链脂肪酸与双歧杆菌的影响以及与过敏性疾病的关系. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4096 -4100 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406198
Fei CHEN, Xiao-lin XU, Ya-peng LI, Ru-yue CHENG, Fang HE, Xi SHEN. Effects of infant feeding patterns on intestinal short-chain fatty acids and Bifidobacteria in early life and their relationship with allergic diseases[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4096 -4100 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406198
过敏性疾病(Allergic Disease)是一类由 IgE 介导的I型超敏反应,多发于儿童,并累及终生,是一类极难根治的免疫性疾病,主要包括过敏性鼻炎、哮喘、湿疹、食物过敏等。近年来,过敏性疾病在世界各地广泛流行,且发病率呈上升趋势,全球大约有20%人口患有过敏性疾病[1]。前期研究显示生命早期婴儿肠道双歧杆菌、短链脂肪酸在健康组和过敏组均存在不同的动态变化趋势,肠道双歧杆菌通过代谢而产生短链脂肪酸可能是双歧杆菌影响过敏性疾病的途径[2],但肠道双歧杆菌代谢产生的短链脂肪酸能否发挥作用可能还与肠道内容物有关。已有研究表明,婴儿生命早期是肠道菌群发育的主要时期,该过程受到许多因素共同影响,如分娩方式、喂养方式、抗生素的使用等,其中最重要的是婴儿喂养方式[3]。婴儿早期喂养方式作为影响肠道内容物的重要因素,对短链脂肪酸组成、双歧杆菌定植均存在一定影响[4]。S3级临床实践指南指出在出生前4~6个月进行母乳喂养可以预防或延缓特应性疾病[5]。而母乳喂养是否会通过调节肠道菌群和短链脂肪酸进而影响婴儿过敏发生还尚未明确。因此本研究聚焦于喂养方式对肠道菌群、短链脂肪酸的影响及其与过敏的关联。通过比较分析健康/过敏、母乳/混合喂养四组婴儿的肠道双歧杆菌、短链脂肪酸差异及其相关性,初探生命早期0~1岁婴儿喂养方式对其肠道双歧杆菌与短链脂肪酸的影响,并分析该影响与过敏性疾病的关系。
本研究在已有的母婴队列中采用巢式病例对照研究方法,结合粪便样品所对应婴儿的问卷调查资料,根据1岁内是否发生过敏,是否喝奶粉分为健康混合、过敏混合、健康母乳、过敏母乳四组。各时间点粪便样品情况详见表1
健康组标准:0~1岁粪便采样率≥80%,且1岁前无过敏疾病。过敏组标准:0~1岁粪便采样率≥80%,且1岁前确诊过敏性疾病(湿疹、食物/药物过敏、过敏性哮喘等)。
本研究遵循赫尔辛基原则,经医院伦理委员会批准,批准文号为:K2021022,并由纳入对象的父亲或母亲签署知情同意书。
在婴儿15天、1月、6月、12月时,用无菌便管收集四组婴儿的4次新鲜粪便样品,并标注姓名、编号和采便时间。采集后于-20℃暂存,后由采样员在1~2天内移至-80℃冰箱保存待测。
婴儿粪便样品解冻后,使用分析天平分别将每个粪便样品称取200 mg,按粪便基因组DNA提取试剂盒(天根生化科技(北京)有限公司)步骤提取总DNA,每个样品得50 μl DNA液体,存于-80℃冰箱备用。
采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)对样品进行短链脂肪酸测定。称取100 mg粪便样品,预处理后取上清液测试,采用Agilent HP-INNOWAX色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm),1 μL进样量分流进样(10∶1),EI源全扫和SIM扫描,电子能量70eV。本文重点分析人体肠道含量前三的SCFAs,包括乙酸、丙酸、丁酸。
参考文献[6]方法,对双歧杆菌属及人体肠道特有的8个双歧杆菌种的引物进行检测,引物均由上海生工生物工程股份有限公司合成。实时荧光定量PCR反应体系为25 μl,包括 SYBR Premix Ex Taq II 12.5 μl,上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)各1.0 μl,ddH2O 8.5 μl,模板 DNA 2.0 μl。
根据文献[7]的方法,将所得Ct值代入至标准曲线,计算出粪便提取的DNA液体的细菌浓度(CFU/ml),并根据换算方程式,计算每克粪便样品中的细菌浓度(CFU/g)。详见表2
采用 SPSS 22.0 进行统计学分析,数据均由平均值±标准差()表示。四组之间短链脂肪酸含量的差异比较、双歧杆菌检出数量的差异比较均采用独立样本t检验,并对短链脂肪酸与双歧杆菌进行Spearman秩相关分析,得到相关系数(r)和P值。检验水准α=0.05。
图1图2显示,第15天健康混合组双歧杆菌属含量高于过敏混合组(7.75±0.60 vs 6.28±0.28,t=2.232,P=0.047),第1月健康混合组含量高于健康母乳组(8.01±0.50 vs 6.62±0.13,t=2.712,P=0.027)。第6、12月时,各组双歧杆菌属含量相近,均无显著差异。第6月,健康母乳组双歧杆菌属略高但无统计差异。在种水平上,第15天健康混合组B. infantis含量低于过敏混合组(3.78±0.24 vs 4.48±0.15,t= -2.381,P=0.049),第 1 月时,健康母乳组的B. angulatum 含量显著高于健康混合组(14.72 vs 4.19±0.22,t=24.426,P=0.000)和过敏母乳组(14.72 vs 4.19 vs 4.21±0.19,t=37.805,P=0.000)。第6月时,健康母乳组B. longum显著高于过敏母乳组(8.59±0.41 vs 6.22±0.48,t=3.780,P=0.019)。第12月,健康混合组B.longumB.adolescentis group含量均显著高于健康母乳组,(8.06±0.33 vs 4.84,t=3.940,P=0.017;9.61±2.01 vs 3.65±0.18,t=2.950,P=0.025)。
图3。第15天健康母乳组乙酸含量高于过敏母乳组和健康混合组(1 035.10 vs 285.55±90.64,t=3.698,P=0.034;1 035.10 vs 406.11±63.19,t= 3.148,P=0.014),健康混合组的丙酸含量高于过敏混合组(128.00±32.24 vs 12.61±3.90,t=3.553,P=0.007)。第1月时,乙酸含量在各组间的差异情况与第 15 天相似,但均无统计学意义。丁酸在各组间的差异情况与乙酸相反,第15天、1 月时健康母乳组的丁酸含量均低于过敏母乳组和健康混合组,且健康混合组均低于过敏混合组。第6月时,健康母乳组乙酸含量高于其他三组,但无显著差异;健康混合组丙酸含量低于过敏混合组(98.59±25.97 vs 433.57±121.89,t= -2.946,P=0.016)。第12月时,健康混合组乙酸含量高于过敏混合组,丙酸、丁酸含量低于过敏混合组,但均无显著差异。
本研究分别对不同喂养方式健康组、过敏组第15天、6、12月婴儿粪便中双歧杆菌属含量与3种短链脂肪酸含量进行相关性分析,结果见图4图5
在健康混合组中,第15天时,丁酸与B. breve呈负相关(r= -0.762,P=0.028);在第6月时,丁酸与B. longumB. bifidum呈正相关(r=1,P=0.000;r=0.943,P=0.005)。第12月时,三者与双歧杆菌呈正相关。健康母乳组6月丁酸与B. bifidum呈正相关(r=1,P=0.000)。而过敏混合组第15天双歧杆菌与短链脂肪酸多呈显著的正相关,6月多呈负相反,12月正负相关并存,如乙酸与双歧杆菌属呈正相关(r=0.758,P=0.011),而丙酸与B. adolescentis、丁酸与B. dentium均呈负相关(r= -0.745,P=0.013;r=-1,P=0.000)。同样,过敏母乳组第15天、6月同样存在显著正负相关。
在双歧杆菌方面,前期研究基于高通量 16S rDNA 基因测序已证明婴儿粪便里双歧杆菌属含量与过敏性疾病有着密切联系。鉴于菌种层面研究较少且三代宏基因测序的高昂成本,本研究采用了实时荧光定量 PCR的方法进行定量测定不同喂养方式的健康组和过敏组婴儿在不同时间点粪便中的双歧杆菌属及人体最常见的 8 种双歧杆菌菌种水平的差异。喂养方式对双歧杆菌属的影响显著,尤其集中于出生后0~1月,此后(6、12月)各组间无显著差异,提示生命早期婴儿肠道双歧杆菌的构建关键期为出生后0~1月。在第15天、1月时,健康混合喂养组双歧杆菌含量高于过敏混合及健康母乳组,过敏混合组最低。多数研究表明,母乳喂养有利于婴儿生命早期肠道双歧杆菌的定植[8-10],本研究中健康组结果与之相悖,而过敏组则相符,表明喂养方式对过敏婴儿肠道双歧杆菌定植的影响更为显著。
在短链脂肪酸方面,选取三种人体肠道含量最高的短链脂肪酸:乙酸、丙酸、丁酸。通过比较不同喂养方式下过敏组与健康组婴儿肠道中这三种短链脂肪酸含量发现,在第15天时,健康母乳组婴儿粪便中乙酸含量显著高于过敏混合组和健康混合组,且此趋势延续至第6月,已有研究认为,母乳喂养所带来的母乳低聚糖是婴儿肠道菌群代谢的主要底物,尤其是双歧杆菌可利用其产生乙酸[11-12]。本研究结果与之类似,进一步提示母乳喂养可能为婴儿提供了更利于双歧杆菌产生乙酸的肠道代谢底物,从而发挥抗过敏的作用。 另一方面,混合喂养健康组婴儿肠道丁酸含量较高,鉴于丁酸在调节免疫、增强肠屏障功能方面的作用[13-14],提示混合喂养可能通过促进丁酸生成降低婴儿过敏风险。
健康组婴儿肠道短链脂肪酸和双歧杆菌的关系较稳定。例如,在健康混合组中,第15天时,丁酸与B. breve呈负相关,第6月时,丁酸与B. bifidumB. longum呈正相关。第12月时,乙酸与双歧杆菌属,B. bifidumB. breve均呈正相关。这种关系有助于维护肠道微生态平衡,预防过敏。相比之下,过敏组婴儿肠道内短链脂肪酸与双歧杆菌的关系复杂多变,不受喂养方式影响,三种短链脂肪酸(乙酸、丙酸、丁酸)与不同双歧杆菌均呈现多样相关性,这可能扰乱肠道稳态,进而增加过敏风险。
综上所述,研究发现过敏组婴儿肠道双歧杆菌与短链脂肪酸关系复杂,影响肠道健康以及免疫系统稳定,尤见于混合喂养婴儿。原因可能是配方奶粉的成分复杂,并且含有较多致敏性的成分,不利于婴儿肠道双歧杆菌的定植与短链脂肪酸的产生,其中,配方奶粉中的主要原料“牛乳”被世界卫生组织(WHO)/世界粮农组织(FAO)认定为八大过敏原之一[15]。而母乳喂养虽然也可能通过母亲乳汁将过敏原传递给婴儿,但母乳中富含各种功能性的营养成分,对婴儿肠道具有显著的保护性作用,可帮助婴儿肠道优势菌群双歧杆菌的建立,使微生态系统有效发挥免疫调节作用,对过敏婴儿尤为有益。并且配方奶粉所含的复杂成分不易控制,对于不同婴儿的影响也会有所差异,而母乳喂养可减少这种对婴儿肠道潜在不可控的影响。因此建议母亲合理膳食,保持健康的生活习惯,通过健康的母乳喂养,可有效降低婴儿过敏发生的风险,是婴儿预防过敏的首选喂养方式。但本研究样本量较小,对结果可产生较大的不确定性,未来研究应扩大样本量,并考虑纳入更多不同背景、健康状况的婴儿,以提高研究的代表性和可信度,为制定更为科学和有效的婴儿喂养策略提供更有力的支持。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(No.82003453)
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2024年第51卷第22期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406198
  • 接收时间:2024-06-13
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-13
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国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(No.82003453)
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    四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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