Article(id=1241675631801462836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406064, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717516800000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968139839, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1732464000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968139839, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968139839, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968139839, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241675628051755031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='22', pageStart='4033', pageEnd='4224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968138945, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968595676, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4051, endPage=4056, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241675632132812869, articleId=1241675631801462836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Molecular epidemiological characteristics and analysis of β -lactam resistance genes of multi-drug resistant Salmonella, Guizhou, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the molecular epidemiological characteristics of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella clinical isolates in Guizhou Province and clarify the carrying of β-lactamase resistance genes to provide a reference basis for the prevention and treatment of MDR Salmonella in Guizhou province.

Methods

A total of 70 MDR Salmonella were used for the study, antibiotic susceptibility analyses of Salmonella were carried out using the micro broth dilution method, molecular epidemiological analyses were carried out using the method of multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to detect the β-lactamase resistance genes in the MDR Salmonella strains.

Results

The 70 MDR Salmonella strains in Guizhou province were predominantly resistant to antibiotics of 4-5 classes at the same time, accounting for 64.3% of the total, even 4.3% of the strains showed extensive drug-resistance. The 70 MDR Salmonella strains contained 15 sequence types, belonging to 13 eBurst groups, with ST34, ST11, and ST19 being the most common ST types. The most ST type in Tongren City, and unique ST type appeared in some cities, with different dominant ST type with different resistance profiles. The detection of β-lactamase gene showed that 80.0% of the strains carried at least one of β-lactam-resistant genes, with the most common one being blaTEM (78.6%). The blaCTX-M gene was detected in 2.9% strains, and the resistant genes subtypes were blaCTX-M-55 and blaCTX-M-64. The blaSHV, blaOXA-2, and blaPER genes were not detected.

Conclusion

The MDR Salmonella ST34, ST11 and ST19 as common sequence types in Guizhou province, and there was a certain degree of homology among MDR Salmonella in different regions, and that these strains may have been transmitted in different regions. The β-lactam antibiotics was mainly mediated by blaTEM.

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目的

了解贵州省多重耐药沙门菌临床分离株的分子流行病学特征,明确菌株携带β-内酰胺酶耐药基因的情况,为贵州省多重耐药沙门菌的防治提供参考依据。

方法

以70株多重耐药沙门菌为研究对象,采用微量肉汤稀释法对其进行抗生素敏感性分析,采用多位点序列分型(Multilocus sequence typing,MLST)方法进行分子流行病学分析,应用PCR方法检测多重耐药沙门菌β-内酰胺酶耐药基因的携带情况。

结果

贵州省70株多重耐药沙门菌以同时对4~5类抗生素耐药为主,占64.3%,有4.3%的菌株出现了泛耐药。70株多重耐药沙门菌被分为15个序列型,分属于13个eBurst Group,其中ST34、ST11和ST19是最常见ST型。ST型别最多的是铜仁市,部分地区出现独有的ST型,不同优势ST型其耐药谱不同。80.0%菌株至少携带一种β-内酰胺类耐药基因,其中blaTEM(78.6%)最常见,blaCTX-M基因占2.9%,包括blaCTX-M-55blaCTX-M-64亚型,blaSHVblaOXA-2blaPER基因未检出。

结论

贵州省多重耐药沙门菌ST34、ST11和ST19为常见序列型,不同地区多重耐药沙门菌有一定的同源性,这些菌株可能在不同地区进行了传播,对β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药主要由blaTEM介导。

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韦小瑜,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=eSb8PKYH/kocUQkO/z6xIA==, magXml=X37kOYCMUrQ8kOZk8GOhxw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=9hmwn+/YmtXL2U5UYPgWTA==, pdfFileSize=1494121, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=7iyFsiikINYV9nuq5ZBTjg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=TA0OAfqABTq2/uaQ9M/iUA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

文永仙(1996—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:肠道细菌分子流行病学研究

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The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science, 2021, 83(9): 1345-1355., articleTitle=Transmission of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistantSalmonella harboring a blaCMY-2-carrying IncA/C2 plasmid chromosomally integrated by ISEcp1 or IS26 in layer breeding chains in Japan, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241826548903383961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675631801462836, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=20, issue=11, pageStart=492, pageEnd=501, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Ali MS, Song HJ, Moon BY, journalName=Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ali MS, Song HJ, Moon BY, et al. Antibiotic resistance profiles and molecular characteristics ofblaCMY-2-Carrying Salmonella enterica Serovar Albany isolated from chickens during 2013-2020 in South Korea[J]. 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Pathogens, 2023, 12(3): 465., articleTitle=Prevalence and characterization of salmonella isolated from chickens in Anhui, China, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241826543920550640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675631801462836, awardId=黔科合支撑[2020]4Y143号, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]4Y143号), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241826544033796854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675631801462836, awardId=黔科合基础[2017]1094, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省科技基金计划项目(黔科合基础[2017]1094), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241826544168014587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675631801462836, awardId=RCJD2104, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省传染病预防与控制人才基地科研团队项目(RCJD2104), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241826544344175365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675631801462836, awardId=gzwkj2023-498, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省卫生健康委科学基金项目(gzwkj2023-498), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241826535347392837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675631801462836, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826535351587144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675631801462836, companyId=1241826535347392837, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826535364170056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675631801462836, companyId=1241826535347392837, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241826535452250451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675631801462836, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826535460639060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675631801462836, companyId=1241826535452250451, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.铜仁市疾病预防控制中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241826535569690975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675631801462836, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826535582273889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675631801462836, companyId=1241826535569690975, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.贵州省疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241826542708396717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675631801462836, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=MLST genetic evolution tree of 70 MDR Salmonella isolates from Guizhou province, figureFileSmall=moZTXzGxwRSj+xRHc7c9iw==, figureFileBig=ltsxvK9ziGL7BTcHF8pH2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826542880363191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675631801462836, language=CN, label=图1, caption=贵州省70株多重耐药沙门菌多位点序列分型遗传进化树

注:70株多重耐药沙门菌菌珠被分为四个簇,分别用A、B、C、D表示。每个簇内的菌株在遗传上较为接近。分支长度表示遗传距离,反映了菌株间的遗传差异。“-”表示未检出β-内酰胺耐药基因。

, figureFileSmall=moZTXzGxwRSj+xRHc7c9iw==, figureFileBig=ltsxvK9ziGL7BTcHF8pH2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826543052329666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675631801462836, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Minimum spanning tree of the 70 MDR Salmonella isolates from Guizhou province, figureFileSmall=TVo0PVgNCtJXOQpzeEmabg==, figureFileBig=BUXG2Enuwm3wn9K10xpQcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826543173964487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675631801462836, language=CN, label=图2, caption=贵州省70株多重耐药沙门菌的最小生成树

注:每个圆圈代表一种ST型,圈的大小表示菌株数量的多少。ST型之间由3种线条连接,粗实线表示有6个及以上的等位基因相同,虚线表示有4个等位基因相同,点线表示小于4个等位基因相同,连接线的长度代表了两个ST型间的亲缘关系远近。不同颜色代表不同的地区。含阴影部分表示形成克隆复合体。

, figureFileSmall=TVo0PVgNCtJXOQpzeEmabg==, figureFileBig=BUXG2Enuwm3wn9K10xpQcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826543295599309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675631801462836, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Antimicrobial resistance of 70 MDR Salmonella clinical isolates from Guizhou province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素种类抗生素名称耐药(n/%)中介(n/%)敏感(n/%)
青霉素类氨苄西林67(95.7)0(0.0)3(4.3)
氯霉素类氯霉素45(64.3)1(1.4)24(34.3)
氨基糖苷类链霉素65(92.9)0(0.0)5(7.1)
庆大霉素14(20.0)2(2.9)54(77.1)
碳青霉烯类亚胺培南2(2.9)0(0.0)68(97.1)
β-内酰胺酶抑制剂类阿莫西林/克拉维酸钾8(11.4)22(31.4)40(57.1)
头孢菌素类头孢西丁1(1.4)3(4.3)66(94.3)
头孢曲松5(7.1)2(2.9)63(90.0)
头孢吡肟5(7.1)3(4.3)62(88.6)
磺胺类复方异恶唑68(97.1)0(0.0)2(2.9)
复方新诺明41(58.6)0(0.0)29(41.4)
四环素类四环素60(85.7)0(0.0)10(14.3)
多西环素55(78.6)3(4.3)12(17.1)
喹诺酮类环丙沙星17(24.3)47(67.1)6(8.6)
萘啶酸26(37.1)0(0.0)44(62.9)
大环内酯类阿奇霉素8(11.4)0(0.0)62(88.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1241826543413039827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675631801462836, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

贵州省70株多重耐药沙门菌临床分离株的耐药情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素种类抗生素名称耐药(n/%)中介(n/%)敏感(n/%)
青霉素类氨苄西林67(95.7)0(0.0)3(4.3)
氯霉素类氯霉素45(64.3)1(1.4)24(34.3)
氨基糖苷类链霉素65(92.9)0(0.0)5(7.1)
庆大霉素14(20.0)2(2.9)54(77.1)
碳青霉烯类亚胺培南2(2.9)0(0.0)68(97.1)
β-内酰胺酶抑制剂类阿莫西林/克拉维酸钾8(11.4)22(31.4)40(57.1)
头孢菌素类头孢西丁1(1.4)3(4.3)66(94.3)
头孢曲松5(7.1)2(2.9)63(90.0)
头孢吡肟5(7.1)3(4.3)62(88.6)
磺胺类复方异恶唑68(97.1)0(0.0)2(2.9)
复方新诺明41(58.6)0(0.0)29(41.4)
四环素类四环素60(85.7)0(0.0)10(14.3)
多西环素55(78.6)3(4.3)12(17.1)
喹诺酮类环丙沙星17(24.3)47(67.1)6(8.6)
萘啶酸26(37.1)0(0.0)44(62.9)
大环内酯类阿奇霉素8(11.4)0(0.0)62(88.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1241826543547257561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675631801462836, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of serotyping and ST typing of 70 MDR Salmonella isolates from Guizhou province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
血清型ST型aroCdnaNhemDhisDpurEsucAthrAeBG菌株数百分比
(%)
肠炎沙门菌S115237661141622.9
阿贡纳沙门菌ST1333743375422.9
鼠伤寒沙门菌ST1910712959211622.9
鼠伤寒沙门菌ST34101912959211825.7
鼠伤寒沙门菌ST3618141295182113822.9
鼠伤寒沙门菌ST540110808129592111.4
新加坡沙门菌ST2614131812141812811.4
哈达尔沙门菌ST33256757122211.4
德尔卑沙门菌ST401920320522225722.9
圣保罗沙门菌ST50521189612171411.4
斯坦利沙门菌ST86214241437198511.4
伦敦沙门菌ST155106058666651623757.1
病牛沙门菌ST3585110351222192225111.4
黄金海岸沙门菌ST3585110351222192225111.4
火鸡沙门菌ST463921257812813891418311.4
科瓦利斯沙门菌S1541197187102348652223611.4
), ArticleFig(id=1241826543647920861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675631801462836, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

贵州省70株多重耐药沙门菌血清型及ST分型结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
血清型ST型aroCdnaNhemDhisDpurEsucAthrAeBG菌株数百分比
(%)
肠炎沙门菌S115237661141622.9
阿贡纳沙门菌ST1333743375422.9
鼠伤寒沙门菌ST1910712959211622.9
鼠伤寒沙门菌ST34101912959211825.7
鼠伤寒沙门菌ST3618141295182113822.9
鼠伤寒沙门菌ST540110808129592111.4
新加坡沙门菌ST2614131812141812811.4
哈达尔沙门菌ST33256757122211.4
德尔卑沙门菌ST401920320522225722.9
圣保罗沙门菌ST50521189612171411.4
斯坦利沙门菌ST86214241437198511.4
伦敦沙门菌ST155106058666651623757.1
病牛沙门菌ST3585110351222192225111.4
黄金海岸沙门菌ST3585110351222192225111.4
火鸡沙门菌ST463921257812813891418311.4
科瓦利斯沙门菌S1541197187102348652223611.4
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贵州省多重耐药沙门菌的分子流行病学特征及β-内酰胺类耐药基因分析
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文永仙 1 , 龙利 2 , 游旅 3 , 刘艳敏 3 , 王铭 3 , 汪俊华 1 , 韦小瑜 1, 3
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(22): 4051-4056
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(22): 4051-4056
贵州省多重耐药沙门菌的分子流行病学特征及β-内酰胺类耐药基因分析
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文永仙1, 龙利2, 游旅3, 刘艳敏3, 王铭3, 汪俊华1, 韦小瑜1, 3
作者信息
  • 1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
  • 2.铜仁市疾病预防控制中心
  • 3.贵州省疾病预防控制中心
  • 文永仙(1996—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:肠道细菌分子流行病学研究

通讯作者:

韦小瑜,E-mail:
Molecular epidemiological characteristics and analysis of β -lactam resistance genes of multi-drug resistant Salmonella, Guizhou
Yong-xian WEN1, Li LONG2, Lv YOU3, Yan-min LIU3, Ming WANG3, Jun-hua WANG1, Xiao-yu WEI1, 3
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China
出版时间: 2024-11-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406064
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目的

了解贵州省多重耐药沙门菌临床分离株的分子流行病学特征,明确菌株携带β-内酰胺酶耐药基因的情况,为贵州省多重耐药沙门菌的防治提供参考依据。

方法

以70株多重耐药沙门菌为研究对象,采用微量肉汤稀释法对其进行抗生素敏感性分析,采用多位点序列分型(Multilocus sequence typing,MLST)方法进行分子流行病学分析,应用PCR方法检测多重耐药沙门菌β-内酰胺酶耐药基因的携带情况。

结果

贵州省70株多重耐药沙门菌以同时对4~5类抗生素耐药为主,占64.3%,有4.3%的菌株出现了泛耐药。70株多重耐药沙门菌被分为15个序列型,分属于13个eBurst Group,其中ST34、ST11和ST19是最常见ST型。ST型别最多的是铜仁市,部分地区出现独有的ST型,不同优势ST型其耐药谱不同。80.0%菌株至少携带一种β-内酰胺类耐药基因,其中blaTEM(78.6%)最常见,blaCTX-M基因占2.9%,包括blaCTX-M-55blaCTX-M-64亚型,blaSHVblaOXA-2blaPER基因未检出。

结论

贵州省多重耐药沙门菌ST34、ST11和ST19为常见序列型,不同地区多重耐药沙门菌有一定的同源性,这些菌株可能在不同地区进行了传播,对β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药主要由blaTEM介导。

沙门菌  /  多重耐药  /  多位点序列分型  /  β-内酰胺酶基因
Objective

To understand the molecular epidemiological characteristics of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella clinical isolates in Guizhou Province and clarify the carrying of β-lactamase resistance genes to provide a reference basis for the prevention and treatment of MDR Salmonella in Guizhou province.

Methods

A total of 70 MDR Salmonella were used for the study, antibiotic susceptibility analyses of Salmonella were carried out using the micro broth dilution method, molecular epidemiological analyses were carried out using the method of multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to detect the β-lactamase resistance genes in the MDR Salmonella strains.

Results

The 70 MDR Salmonella strains in Guizhou province were predominantly resistant to antibiotics of 4-5 classes at the same time, accounting for 64.3% of the total, even 4.3% of the strains showed extensive drug-resistance. The 70 MDR Salmonella strains contained 15 sequence types, belonging to 13 eBurst groups, with ST34, ST11, and ST19 being the most common ST types. The most ST type in Tongren City, and unique ST type appeared in some cities, with different dominant ST type with different resistance profiles. The detection of β-lactamase gene showed that 80.0% of the strains carried at least one of β-lactam-resistant genes, with the most common one being blaTEM (78.6%). The blaCTX-M gene was detected in 2.9% strains, and the resistant genes subtypes were blaCTX-M-55 and blaCTX-M-64. The blaSHV, blaOXA-2, and blaPER genes were not detected.

Conclusion

The MDR Salmonella ST34, ST11 and ST19 as common sequence types in Guizhou province, and there was a certain degree of homology among MDR Salmonella in different regions, and that these strains may have been transmitted in different regions. The β-lactam antibiotics was mainly mediated by blaTEM.

Salmonella  /  Multi-drug resistance (MDR)  /  Multilocus sequence typing (MLST)  /  β-lactamases genes
文永仙, 龙利, 游旅, 刘艳敏, 王铭, 汪俊华, 韦小瑜. 贵州省多重耐药沙门菌的分子流行病学特征及β-内酰胺类耐药基因分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4051 -4056 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406064
Yong-xian WEN, Li LONG, Lv YOU, Yan-min LIU, Ming WANG, Jun-hua WANG, Xiao-yu WEI. Molecular epidemiological characteristics and analysis of β -lactam resistance genes of multi-drug resistant Salmonella, Guizhou[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4051 -4056 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406064
沙门菌是引起食源性疾病的主要病原,也是常见的人兽共患病原体[1]。在美国,每年有135万非伤寒沙门菌病例,导致2.65万人次住院和420人死亡[2]。同样,在欧盟所有病因明确的食源性暴发事件中,由沙门菌引起的占比较高[3]。中国食源性疾病监测系统显示,2011年至2020年期间,沙门菌是引起食源性疾病最常见的致病菌之一,由沙门菌引起的食源性疾病事件1 435起,发病人数达26 536人次,腹泻患者的沙门菌分离率呈上升趋势,对人类健康构成严重的威胁[4]
沙门菌病通常是一种自限性疾病,但在某些免疫低下人群中,抗生素仍然是治疗沙门菌病的重要手段。但抗生素的过度使用和不合理应用,使沙门菌耐药菌株不断增加,特别是产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase,ESBLs)的多重耐药(Multi-Drug Resistance,MDR)及泛耐药(Extensive-Drug Resistance,XDR)菌株的出现,正日益成为全球公共卫生的一个重大挑战[5-6]
血清学分型作为沙门菌监测的一个重要工具,有利于进行疫情跟踪。然而,这项技术费时费力,且沙门菌血清型数量繁多,使得血清型鉴定非常复杂[7]。多位点序列分型(Multilocus Sequence Typing,MLST)作为一种可重复性高,分辨率高的技术,是目前分子分型经常使用的方法,它通过检测多个管家基因内部片段的核苷酸序列,分析菌株间的遗传相关性,已被很多实验室用来进行流行病学调查和暴发研究[8]
以往的研究发现,贵州省沙门菌多重耐药的情况较严重[9],但多重耐药沙门菌分子流行病学和β-内酰胺酶耐药基因的携带情况仍不清楚。本研究拟对2018年临床分离的多重耐药沙门菌菌株进行MLST分子分型和β-内酰胺酶耐药基因分析,了解本省多重耐药沙门菌菌株的分子流行病学特征和β-内酰胺酶耐药基因的携带情况,为贵州省多重耐药沙门菌的有效防治提供数据支撑。
70株耐药沙门菌临床分离株来源于贵州省2018年贵阳(12株)、遵义(2株)、安顺(8株)、毕节(3株)、铜仁(31株)、六盘水(5株)、黔东南(5株)、黔南(4株)8个市(州)感染性腹泻监测哨点医院的临床病例。将收集的所有菌株接种至沙门菌显色培养基,37℃培养18 h,挑取紫色单菌落穿刺接种至克氏双糖铁琼脂,并使用API20E试剂条进行生化鉴定,明确为沙门菌的菌株,采用玻片凝集法进行血清分型,根据考夫曼-怀特沙门菌属抗原表,判定菌株的血清型。本研究获得贵州省疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会批准(伦理批准号:S2019-03)。
API20E生化鉴定条(法国生物梅里埃公司)、沙门菌诊断血清(丹麦SSI公司)、革兰阴性需氧药敏检测板(上海星佰生物技术有限公司)、血琼脂培养基(贝瑞特生物技术有限责任公司)、premix Tap Version 2.0(大连宝生物工程有限公司),扩增引物由北京天一辉远有限公司合成;强制对流培养箱(路易企业有限公司)、生物安全柜(THERMO公司)、冰箱(青岛海尔特种电器有限公司)、高速离心机(上海医用分析仪器厂)、金属浴(杭州佑宁仪器有限公司)、PCR扩增仪(德国华奥行仪器有限公司)、凝胶成像系统(美国Bio-Rad公司)。
采用微量肉汤稀释法测定10类16种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,MIC),所测抗生素包括环丙沙星(CIP),链霉素(STR),氨苄西林(AMP),氯霉素(CHL),磺胺异恶唑(SOX),复方新诺明(SXT),萘啶酸(NAL),阿莫西林/克拉维酸钾(AMC),头孢曲松(CRO),多西环素(DOX),庆大霉素(GEN),阿奇霉素(AZM),四环素(TCY),头孢西丁(FOX),头孢吡肟(FEP),亚胺培南(IPM)。记录所有菌株对所测抗生素的MIC值,根据美国临床实验室标准协会(Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute, CLSI 2017)标准判读结果,质控菌株为大肠埃希菌(ATCC25922)。多重耐药(Multi-Drug Resistance,MDR)菌定义为对3类及以上抗生素耐药的菌株,泛耐药(Extensive-Drug Resistance,XDR)菌定义为对8类及以上抗生素耐药的菌株。
将多重耐药沙门菌菌株接种至营养琼脂平板上,36.5 ℃±1.0 ℃培养18~24 h,挑取少许菌落制成菌悬液,采用水煮法提取细菌基因组DNA。100℃水煮10 min,13 000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液作为DNA模板,保存至-80 ℃备用。
按照MLST官网(https://enterobase.readthedocs.io/en/latest//mlst/)提供的7个管家基因(thrA、purE、sucA、hisD、hemD、aroC、dnaN)的引物合成扩增引物和测序引物。采用PCR方法分别扩增7个管家基因,扩增体系为50 μL,其中DNA Taq premix 25 μL,上下游引物各1 μL(10 μmol/L)、DNA模板2 μL、超纯水21 μL。扩增反应条件为:94 ℃预变性5 min,94 ℃ 变性30 s,56 ℃退火1 min,72 ℃延伸1 min,30个循环,72℃延伸10 min。无DNA模板的体系及超纯水作为阴性对照。取5 μL扩增产物,于1.0%琼脂糖凝胶120 V电泳25~30 min,阳性产物送至北京天一辉远生物技术有限公司进行双向测序。
使用DNAstar进行双向序列的拼接,测序序列与相应管家基因的标准序列进行比对并截为标准长度,将比对好的序列上传至PubMLST网站沙门菌数据库(https://pubmlst.org/organisms/Salmonella-spp),获得各菌株的等位基因谱及序列型,并应用在线eBURST软件进行克隆群(eBurst Group,eBGs)分析。7个管家基因按照(aroC-dnaN-hemD-hisD-purE-sucA-thrA)的顺序进行串联,采用MEGA 7.0软件绘制遗传进化树,以确定不同ST型之间的关系。使用BioNumerics 7.6软件构建最小生成树分析菌株ST型在不同地区的分布。
采用PCR方法对多重耐药沙门菌菌株进行blaTEMblaSHVblaOXA-1blaOXA-2blaPERblaCTX-MblaCMY-2基因的测定,扩增引物和PCR反应条件按文献提供的方法进行[10-11]blaCTX-M阳性产物送至北京天一辉远生物技术有限公司进行测序,测序序列通过NCBI Blast(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)对序列进行比对,确定基因亚型。
70株菌株均为沙门菌菌株,分为13个血清型,其中居前三位的血清型为鼠伤寒沙门菌(52.9%,37/70)、 肠炎沙门菌(22.9%,16/70)、伦敦沙门菌(7.1%,5/70)。
10类抗生素中青霉素类、氨基糖苷类、磺胺类、四环素类耐药率较高,其中复方异恶唑、氨苄西林和链霉素耐药率均超过90.0%,四环素和多西环素耐药率分别为85.7%和78.6%。氯霉素类和喹诺酮类呈中度水平耐药,耐药率在24.3%~64.3%。β-内酰胺酶抑制剂类、头孢菌素类、大环内酯类和碳青霉烯类抗生素呈低水平耐药,耐药率在1.4%~11.4%之间,见表1。70株沙门菌均为多重耐药菌株,其中以同时对4~5类抗生素耐药为主(64.3%,45/70)。此外,有4.3%的菌株呈现出泛耐药现象,耐药种类最多的达9类,涵盖头孢菌素类、第三代喹诺酮类和大环内酯类和β-内酰胺酶抑制剂类等多个类别。沙门菌耐药谱型多样,其中耐药谱为AMP-CHL-STR-SOX-TCY-DOX-SXT的菌株最多(25.7%,18/70)。
70株多重耐药沙门菌共有15种ST型(见表2),其中ST34(25.7%,18/70)、ST11(22.9%,16/70)和ST19(22.9%,16/70)为优势型别。15种ST型分属于13个eBurst Group(eBGs),ST19、ST34、ST5401属于eBG1群,其余ST型属于独立群。大多数菌株ST型与血清型有较好的对应关系。在37株鼠伤寒沙门菌中ST34、ST19、ST36和ST5401分别占48.6%(18/37)、43.2%(16/37)、5.4%(2/37)和2.7%(1/37)。其中ST34、ST5401分别在等位基因dnaN19、dnaN808与ST19等位基因dnaN7存在单个碱基变异,分别由G→A和A→G,二者均为ST19的单位点变异体(Single-Locus Variant,SLV),它们之间遗传差异极小。ST11和ST155分别对应肠炎沙门菌和伦敦沙门菌。ST358存在于疯牛沙门菌和黄金海岸沙门菌两种不同血清型中。
对70株菌株耐药谱与ST型进行分析发现,ST11菌株共有8种耐药谱,以AMP-STR-SOX-NAL(50.0%,8/16)为主,ST19菌株共形成9种耐药谱,主要耐药谱型为AMP-CHL-STR-SOX-TCY-DOX-SXT(50.0%,8/16),ST34耐5~6类抗生素最多,共形成13种耐药谱,且耐药谱型复杂,无绝对优势的耐药谱型。值得注意的是,本研究中出现3株泛耐药菌株,ST型分别为ST155、ST19和ST26(见图1)。
所有的ST型聚类成A-D四个簇(见图1)。A簇包括ST19、ST34、ST36、ST5401、ST50和ST86,以鼠伤寒沙门菌所属的ST19和ST34为主。B簇仅存在单独一株ST26。ST155、ST1541、ST40、ST358、ST463和ST13属于C簇,其中菌株血清型最丰富。D簇包括ST33和ST11两种ST型,以肠炎沙门菌ST11为主。ST26和ST33与其他13种ST型遗传距离较远。
以地区为单位分类形成的最小生成树中(见图2),形成了一个由35株菌株组成的克隆复合体,包括ST19、ST34和ST5401。所有市(州)中,铜仁市所含ST型最多(66.7%,10/15),其次为贵阳市(40%,6/15),遵义市仅有ST34型分布。此外ST26、ST36、ST463仅在铜仁市有分布,ST33、ST86为贵阳市独有,ST50、ST1541和ST5401分别仅在黔南州、安顺市、六盘水市分布(见图2)。
PCR检测结果显示,80.0%菌株至少携带一种β-内酰胺类耐药基因,blaTEM(78.6%,55/70)最常见,blaCTX-M占2.9%(2/70),包括blaCTX-M-55blaCTX-M-64亚型,blaOXA-1blaCMY-2检出率均为1.4%(1/70),blaSHVblaOXA-2blaPER基因未检出。其中80.6%(54/67)氨苄西林耐药的菌株携带blaTEM,该基因与氨苄西林有较好的相关性。ST11菌株中仅检出blaTEM(75.0%,12/16)基因,ST19菌株检出blaTEM(75.0%,12/16)和blaCTX-M(6.3%,1/16)。此外,ST34菌株检出携带blaTEM(83.3%,15/18)、blaCTX-M(5.6%,1/18)和blaOXA-1(5.6%,1/18)。值得注意的是,存在1株菌同时携带blaTEMblaCTX-M基因导致对头孢曲松和头孢吡肟的耐药性,另有1株菌同时携带blaTEMblaOXA-1基因。
文献报道非伤寒沙门菌多重耐药率已从90年代20%~30%增长至本世纪的70%[12]。特别是氟喹诺酮类、第三,四代头孢和阿奇霉素等产生耐药的菌株逐渐出现,这将影响人类沙门菌感染的有效治疗。本研究中,亦出现对环丙沙星、头孢曲松、阿奇霉素、亚胺培南单独或同时耐药菌株,此外,贵州省已出现泛耐药沙门菌菌株,将威胁沙门菌病的有效治疗,因此,沙门菌菌株耐药性的动态监测至关重要。
MLST是一种各种病原体进行分子流行病学研究的重要方法,本研究对70株多重耐药沙门菌进行分子分型,其中ST11、ST19、ST34为常见的序列型,这与浙江省、广东省和江西省报道的腹泻病人沙门菌多位点序列分析结果一致[13-15]。遗传进化树分析不同ST型的发育关系,ST5401和ST34与ST19在单个位点不同,表明其亲缘关系较近,可能是菌株长期进化以致某个基因位点发生了突变。另外12个ST型中,彼此间多达6个等位基因差异,提示贵州省多重耐药沙门菌MLST呈基因多态性。70株多重耐药沙门菌形成一个涵盖50%菌株的克隆复合体,其中菌株来源广泛,提示贵州省不同地区多重耐药沙门菌有一定的同源性,这些菌株可能在不同地区进行了传播。不同ST型菌株间抗生素耐药性水平和耐药谱也不尽相同,ST11和ST19优势耐药谱突出,ST34的耐药谱较复杂,没有出现较为固定的耐药谱,提示不同序列型携带耐药基因种类和耐药机制可能存在差异。
目前,临床上多使用β-内酰胺类药物来治疗沙门菌感染。本研究中blaTEM检出率最高,而且与氨苄西林有较高的相关性,提示blaTEM是贵州省多重耐药沙门菌对氨苄西林产生耐药的主要机制,与国内外报道沙门菌分离株耐药基因检测结果基本一致[16-17]blaCTX-M型是沙门菌对β-内酰胺类药物耐药另一重要机制,其中blaCTX-M-55基因是blaCTX-M-15的一个变种,它对广谱头孢菌素表现出较强的催化活性[18]。本文也发现携带blaCTX-M-55基因菌株,表现为对第三第四代头孢菌素耐药,同时对环丙沙星不敏感,表明具有该耐药基因的菌株对氟喹诺酮类有交叉耐药,严重影响了临床上沙门菌感染的治疗[19]。值得注意的是,贵州省首次出现携带blaCMY-2的菌株,同时携带blaTEM,对头孢曲松、环丙沙星、阿奇霉素等12种药物耐药。blaCMY-2基因在日本和韩国等地区广泛传播,其主要介导第三代头孢菌素耐药,该基因通常存在不同类型的质粒上,可通过接合转移至其他菌株,加速了耐药基因的传播[20-21]。在安徽、山东等省鸡源沙门菌该基因型的检出率较高[22],这说明不同地区沙门菌分离株携带的blaCMY-2基因检出率存在一定差异,人员流动和食品贸易的流通是否将其扩散至周边地区,有待进一步研究,在今后的耐药监测工作中应加强对这类菌株的关注。
本研究通过对多重耐药沙门菌的MLST分型和对β-内酰胺耐药基因进行检测,为贵州省多重耐药沙门菌的防控提供了重要的分子流行病学和耐药信息。然而,对分析某些高克隆和含有大量耐药基因岛的菌株,MLST分型和PCR法检测存在一些局限。因此,在今后的研究中需进一步采用全基因组测序和生物信息技术进行多重耐药沙门菌相关研究,对贵州省沙门菌病的防控至关重要。
  • 贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]4Y143号)
  • 贵州省科技基金计划项目(黔科合基础[2017]1094)
  • 贵州省传染病预防与控制人才基地科研团队项目(RCJD2104)
  • 贵州省卫生健康委科学基金项目(gzwkj2023-498)
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2024年第51卷第22期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406064
  • 接收时间:2024-06-05
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-05
基金
贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]4Y143号)
贵州省科技基金计划项目(黔科合基础[2017]1094)
贵州省传染病预防与控制人才基地科研团队项目(RCJD2104)
贵州省卫生健康委科学基金项目(gzwkj2023-498)
作者信息
    1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
    2.铜仁市疾病预防控制中心
    3.贵州省疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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