Article(id=1241675631411392551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405416, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716739200000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968139746, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1732464000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968139746, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968139746, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968139746, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241675628051755031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='22', pageStart='4033', pageEnd='4224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968138945, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968595676, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4045, endPage=4050, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241675631734353969, articleId=1241675631411392551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and five tendon diseases: a Mendelian randomization study, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze whether there is a potential causal association between inflammatory cytokines and various tendinopathies, including Achilles tendonitis, bicipital tendinitis, calcific tendinitis of the shoulder, gluteal tendinitis, and patellar tendinitis.

Methods

In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms from the data of a large-scale genome-wide association study were selected as instrumental variables, and bidirectional Mendelian randomization as well as multivariate Mendelian randomization, were used to investigate the causal effects of inflammatory cytokines and the risk of developing Achilles tendonitis, Bicipital tendinitis, Calcific tendinitis of shoulder, Gluteal tendinitis and Patellar tendinitis.

Results

In forward Mendelian analyses, monocyte chemotactic protein-3(OR=0.896,95% CI:0.806-0.995) and vascular endothelial growth factor(OR=0.917,95% CI:0.845-0.995) were potential protective factors for Achilles tendonitis, and monokine induced by interferon-γ(OR=1.158,95% CI:1.029-1.302) was a potential risk factor for Achilles tendonitis. Monocyte chemotactic protein-3(OR=1.214,95% CI:1.034-1.426)was a potential risk factor for Bicipital tendinitis, while hepatocyte growth factor (OR=0.661,95% CI:0.489-0.893) as a potential protective factor for Bicipital tendinitis. Hepatocyte growth factor (OR=0.730,95% CI:0.557-0.957)was a potential protective factor for Calcific tendinitis of shoulder. Interleukin-13 (OR=0.828,95% CI:0.714-0.960) was a potential protective factor for Gluteal tendinitis. Interleukin-8 (OR=0.649,95% CI:0.444-0.949) as a Patellar tendinitis potential protective factor and tumor necrosis factor-α (OR=1.707,95% CI:1.085-2.685)was a potential risk factor for Patellar tendinitis. In multivariate Mendelian analysis, hepatocyte growth factor(OR=0.687,95% CI:0.511-0.924) remained a protective factor for Bicipital tendinitis. Sensitivity analyses showed that the main analyses were robust without outliers, with no significant outliers, heterogeneity, or horizontal pleiotropy.

Conclusion

The study suggests a potential causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and the five tendon diseases investigated.

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目的

分析炎性细胞因子与跟腱炎、肱二头肌肌腱炎、肩部钙化性肌腱炎、臀肌肌腱炎及髌腱炎之间是否具有因果关联。

方法

本研究选取大规模全基因关联研究数据中的单核苷酸多态性作为工具变量,采用双向孟德尔随机化以及多变量孟德尔随机化方法,探究炎性细胞因子与跟腱炎、肱二头肌肌腱炎、肩部钙化性肌腱炎、臀肌肌腱炎及髌腱炎发生风险的因果效应。

结果

正向孟德尔结果显示,单核细胞趋化蛋白-3(OR=0.896,95% CI:0.806~0.995)、血管内皮生长因子(OR=0.917,95% CI:0.845~0.995)为跟腱炎潜在保护因素,干扰素γ诱导的单核因子(OR=1.158,95% CI:1.029~1.302)为跟腱炎潜在危险因素,单核细胞趋化蛋白-3(OR=1.214,95% CI:1.034~1.426)为肱二头肌肌腱炎潜在危险因素,肝细胞生长因子(OR=0.661,95% CI:0.489~0.893)为肱二头肌肌腱炎潜在保护因素,肝细胞生长因子(OR=0.730,95% CI:0.557~0.957)为肩部钙化性肌腱炎潜在保护因素,白细胞介素-13(OR=0.828,95% CI:0.714~0.960)为臀肌肌腱炎潜在保护因素,白细胞介素-8(OR=0.649,95% CI:0.444~0.949)为髌腱炎潜在保护因素,肿瘤坏死因子-α(OR=1.707,95% CI:1.085~2.685)为髌腱炎潜在危险因素。在多变量孟德尔分析中,肝细胞生长因子(OR=0.687,95% CI:0.511~0.924)依旧为肱二头肌肌腱炎的保护因素。敏感性分析表明,主要分析结果稳健,无离群值、异质性和水平多效性。

结论

5种肌腱疾病均提示与炎性细胞因子存在潜在的因果关系。

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李洪涛,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=kZjsTyBYN4m8t9gvFhU62w==, magXml=obflkA9/j/CdbkL9gY4EUQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=D88ev9ghPobSOu/m0XG1Rg==, pdfFileSize=780152, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=NSRa5sZwRwGdiJBwObVhfw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Ba8VPl9h4empkNxNKcVwpA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

曾璐(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:中西医结合治疗骨与关节损伤的临床研究

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Results of sensitivity analyses of inflammatory cytokines and five tendon diseases

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露结局MR-Egger回归Cochran Q检验
截距P截距QPQ
MCP-3AT-0.0140.7260.6680.955
MIGAT-0.0010.96410.1020.432
VEGFAT-0.0140.34615.0890.372
MCP-3BT0.0370.5592.2650.687
HGFBT0.0100.8406.3990.494
HGFCT of shoulder0.0270.5152.6920.912
IL-13GT0.0090.8207.1150.850
IL-8PT0.0030.9727.1870.410
TNF-αPT0.0050.9603.2830.512
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炎性细胞因子与5种肌腱疾病的敏感性分析结果

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暴露结局MR-Egger回归Cochran Q检验
截距P截距QPQ
MCP-3AT-0.0140.7260.6680.955
MIGAT-0.0010.96410.1020.432
VEGFAT-0.0140.34615.0890.372
MCP-3BT0.0370.5592.2650.687
HGFBT0.0100.8406.3990.494
HGFCT of shoulder0.0270.5152.6920.912
IL-13GT0.0090.8207.1150.850
IL-8PT0.0030.9727.1870.410
TNF-αPT0.0050.9603.2830.512
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Results of sensitivity analyses of HGF and BT

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暴露结局MR-Egger回归Cochran Q检验
截距P截距QPQ
BTHGF0.0170.5592.0020.919
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HGF与BT的敏感性分析结果

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截距P截距QPQ
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炎性细胞因子与5种肌腱疾病的因果关系:一项孟德尔随机化研究
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曾璐 1 , 李洪涛 2 , 孙晓伟 3
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(22): 4045-4050
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(22): 4045-4050
炎性细胞因子与5种肌腱疾病的因果关系:一项孟德尔随机化研究
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曾璐1, 李洪涛2 , 孙晓伟3
作者信息
  • 1.黑龙江中医药大学研究生院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040
  • 2.黑龙江中医药大学附属第一医院骨伤一科
  • 3.黑龙江中医药大学附属第一医院康复二科
  • 曾璐(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:中西医结合治疗骨与关节损伤的临床研究

通讯作者:

李洪涛,E-mail:
Causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and five tendon diseases: a Mendelian randomization study
Lu ZENG1, Hong-tao LI2 , Xiao-wei SUN3
Affiliations
  • Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, Harbin 150040, China
出版时间: 2024-11-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405416
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目的

分析炎性细胞因子与跟腱炎、肱二头肌肌腱炎、肩部钙化性肌腱炎、臀肌肌腱炎及髌腱炎之间是否具有因果关联。

方法

本研究选取大规模全基因关联研究数据中的单核苷酸多态性作为工具变量,采用双向孟德尔随机化以及多变量孟德尔随机化方法,探究炎性细胞因子与跟腱炎、肱二头肌肌腱炎、肩部钙化性肌腱炎、臀肌肌腱炎及髌腱炎发生风险的因果效应。

结果

正向孟德尔结果显示,单核细胞趋化蛋白-3(OR=0.896,95% CI:0.806~0.995)、血管内皮生长因子(OR=0.917,95% CI:0.845~0.995)为跟腱炎潜在保护因素,干扰素γ诱导的单核因子(OR=1.158,95% CI:1.029~1.302)为跟腱炎潜在危险因素,单核细胞趋化蛋白-3(OR=1.214,95% CI:1.034~1.426)为肱二头肌肌腱炎潜在危险因素,肝细胞生长因子(OR=0.661,95% CI:0.489~0.893)为肱二头肌肌腱炎潜在保护因素,肝细胞生长因子(OR=0.730,95% CI:0.557~0.957)为肩部钙化性肌腱炎潜在保护因素,白细胞介素-13(OR=0.828,95% CI:0.714~0.960)为臀肌肌腱炎潜在保护因素,白细胞介素-8(OR=0.649,95% CI:0.444~0.949)为髌腱炎潜在保护因素,肿瘤坏死因子-α(OR=1.707,95% CI:1.085~2.685)为髌腱炎潜在危险因素。在多变量孟德尔分析中,肝细胞生长因子(OR=0.687,95% CI:0.511~0.924)依旧为肱二头肌肌腱炎的保护因素。敏感性分析表明,主要分析结果稳健,无离群值、异质性和水平多效性。

结论

5种肌腱疾病均提示与炎性细胞因子存在潜在的因果关系。

炎性细胞因子  /  肌腱疾病  /  孟德尔随机化
Objective

To analyze whether there is a potential causal association between inflammatory cytokines and various tendinopathies, including Achilles tendonitis, bicipital tendinitis, calcific tendinitis of the shoulder, gluteal tendinitis, and patellar tendinitis.

Methods

In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms from the data of a large-scale genome-wide association study were selected as instrumental variables, and bidirectional Mendelian randomization as well as multivariate Mendelian randomization, were used to investigate the causal effects of inflammatory cytokines and the risk of developing Achilles tendonitis, Bicipital tendinitis, Calcific tendinitis of shoulder, Gluteal tendinitis and Patellar tendinitis.

Results

In forward Mendelian analyses, monocyte chemotactic protein-3(OR=0.896,95% CI:0.806-0.995) and vascular endothelial growth factor(OR=0.917,95% CI:0.845-0.995) were potential protective factors for Achilles tendonitis, and monokine induced by interferon-γ(OR=1.158,95% CI:1.029-1.302) was a potential risk factor for Achilles tendonitis. Monocyte chemotactic protein-3(OR=1.214,95% CI:1.034-1.426)was a potential risk factor for Bicipital tendinitis, while hepatocyte growth factor (OR=0.661,95% CI:0.489-0.893) as a potential protective factor for Bicipital tendinitis. Hepatocyte growth factor (OR=0.730,95% CI:0.557-0.957)was a potential protective factor for Calcific tendinitis of shoulder. Interleukin-13 (OR=0.828,95% CI:0.714-0.960) was a potential protective factor for Gluteal tendinitis. Interleukin-8 (OR=0.649,95% CI:0.444-0.949) as a Patellar tendinitis potential protective factor and tumor necrosis factor-α (OR=1.707,95% CI:1.085-2.685)was a potential risk factor for Patellar tendinitis. In multivariate Mendelian analysis, hepatocyte growth factor(OR=0.687,95% CI:0.511-0.924) remained a protective factor for Bicipital tendinitis. Sensitivity analyses showed that the main analyses were robust without outliers, with no significant outliers, heterogeneity, or horizontal pleiotropy.

Conclusion

The study suggests a potential causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and the five tendon diseases investigated.

Inflammatory cytokines  /  Tendinitis  /  Mendelian randomization
曾璐, 李洪涛, 孙晓伟. 炎性细胞因子与5种肌腱疾病的因果关系:一项孟德尔随机化研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4045 -4050 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405416
Lu ZENG, Hong-tao LI, Xiao-wei SUN. Causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and five tendon diseases: a Mendelian randomization study[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4045 -4050 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405416
自21世纪初以来,随着全民运动的普及,肌腱病的发病率在全球范围内一直在增加,导致所有年龄的运动员和非运动员的长期或永久性功能障碍[1-2]。人群中肌腱疾病的患病率约为5.9%,而运动员中肌腱疾病的患病率高达23.9%[3]。肌腱是连接肌肉和骨骼的复杂结构,有两个主要目的:传递力量、储存和释放能量。肌腱病是一种以疼痛和功能障碍为主要特征的损伤性慢性疾病,其主要的组织学和分子特征包括胶原纤维的解体、微血管和感觉神经支配的增加、细胞外基质稳态失调、免疫细胞和炎症介质增加以及细胞凋亡增强[1]。常见于肩部肌腱、肘部肌腱、臀部肌腱、膝关节肌腱、跟腱等日常活动量较大的部位。对其而言,现有的保守治疗及手术治疗都不能取得令人满意的疗效。肌腱病的病因及发病机制有着多重因素,主要包括“力学理论”、“炎症理论”、“凋亡理论”等[1],可以肯定的是任何一个理论都不太可能完全解释肌腱病理学的病因以及疼痛和功能之间的复杂相互作用。既往的研究使用单克隆抗体证明了巨噬细胞、T细胞和B细胞在慢性腱病中的存在[4],并且可以确定的是炎症和过度使用并不相互排斥,两者共同促进肌腱病的发展。但是具体是哪些炎性因子在疾病过程中的因果关联还不明确。尽管观察性研究试图阐明炎性细胞因子和肌腱疾病之间的关系,但由于混杂变量的干扰,确定明确的因果关系十分困难。孟德尔随机化(mendelian randomization, MR)能够通过遗传信息的工具变量(instrumental variables, IVs)推断各因素之间的因果关系,并且减少因为环境因素引起的混杂,同时避免反向因果带来的偏倚,从而为因果推断的结论提供强有力的证据。
因此本研究基于炎性细胞因子与5种肌腱疾病,包括:肩部钙化性肌腱炎(Calcific tendinitis of shoulder, CT of shoulder)、肱二头肌肌腱炎(Bicipital tendinitis, BT)、臀肌肌腱炎(Gluteal tendinitis, GT)、髌腱炎(Patellar tendinitis, PT)、跟腱炎(Achilles tendinitis, AT)的全基因组关联研究(Genome-wide Association Studies, GWAS)汇总数据,采用双向MR及多变量孟德尔随机化[5](multivariate mendelian randomization, MVMR)的方法探索炎性细胞因子与5种肌腱疾病之间是否存在因果关系。
本研究旨在通过双向MR及MVMR方法分析探讨炎性细胞因子与5种肌腱疾病之间的潜在因果关系。MR分析由三个核心假设指导:相关性假设、独立性假设和排他性假设。相关性假设即假设工具变量、有效遗传变异与暴露密切相关;独立性假设表明工具变量与暴露到结果关联中的任何混杂因素无关;排他性假设规定工具变量应仅通过暴露影响结果[6]。当考虑多个暴露因素可能共同影响一个结局时,可以采用多变量模型来分别估计每个暴露的独立因果效应[5]。在本研究的正向孟德尔随机化过程中,得到多个炎性细胞因子与一种肌腱疾病有一对一的潜在因果关系后,将该多个炎性细胞因子视为多个暴露因素采用多变量孟德尔随机化分析可以得到单个炎性细胞因子对结局的独立因果关系。
炎性细胞因子的公开汇总数据来自一项共计8 293名芬兰参与者的GWAS研究,该项研究汇总了一项由年轻群体组成的心血管风险研究(平均年龄37岁)、两项于1997年和2002年用于研究芬兰慢性病风险因素的横断面研究(平均年龄60岁)[7],汇总后的数据共包括41种炎性细胞因子。5种肌腱疾病的GWAS数据均来源于芬兰数据库,发布于2023年的R10版本[8]。鉴于炎性细胞因子与5种肌腱疾病的GWAS数据重叠有限(<2.8%),本研究认为两个数据集之间的样本重叠导致的偏倚风险很小[9]。由于本研究中使用的数据来自公开可用的资料库,不需要额外的伦理批准或患者同意。
为了确保炎性细胞因子与肌腱疾病间因果关系结论的真实性和准确性,研究采用如下的筛选条件选择单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs)作为最佳的IVs:由于低于全基因组显著性阈值(P<5×10-8)的合格IVs数量极少,基于既往的研究[10],两个数据集都选择了一个相对不太严格的阈值(P<5×10-6),以求获得更全面的结果。基于MR的独立性假设,各个SNP需相互独立,为确保各IV间不存在连锁不平衡(linkage disequilibrium, LD),设定LD系数R2为0.001,遗传距离为10 000 kb来排除强连锁不平衡中的变异,并确保每个SNP的独立性[11]。本研究排除了F统计量<10(衡量这些IVs强度的指标)的SNP,以避免弱仪器偏差。并且使用PhenoScanner V2数据库(http://www.phenoscanner.medschl.cam.ac.uk/)研究每个IV,并在R2>0.80的阈值上去除和混杂因素(如运动、血糖、血脂等)相关的SNP[1,12]
采用R 4.3.2中TwoSample MR等R包进行分析。本研究选择了逆方差加权法(inverse variance weighted method, IVW)、MR-Egger回归、加权中位数法(weighted median, WME)进行评估。其中IVW为主要分析方法,当工具变量中不存在多效性时,该方法具有最高的统计效应和有效性[13-14]。MR-Egger回归在所有IVs都具有基因多效性的情况下也能提供有效的因果效果评估,而当无效的IVs所占比例高达50%,且IVs间估计的精度差异较大时,WME仍能提供一致的效应估计值[14]。因此,本研究将MR-Egger回归和WME作为补充的方法。同时为了验证研究结果是否受多重检验的影响,研究采用了Bonferroni方法,P值小于0.001 2的关联被认为是强有力的证据,而P值范围从0.001 2到0.05被认为暗示了潜在的因果关联。
为了进一步检验研究结果的稳定性和可靠性,对结果使用留一法(Leave-one-out)对研究结果进行敏感性分析,评估一个SNP是否显著影响因果关系估计[15]。Cochran的Q统计量和相应的P值用于检验所选IVs之间的异质性[16]。此外,本研究使用MR-Egger回归[14]来测试潜在的水平多效性效应。
本研究结果显示单核细胞趋化蛋白-3(monocyte chemoattractant protein-3, MCP-3/CCL7)水平升高和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)水平升高与AT的风险下降有关,而干扰素γ诱导的单核因子(monokine induced by interferon-gamma, MIG/CXCL9)水平升高与AT的风险增加有关。MCP-3水平与BT呈正相关,并且肝细胞生长因子(hepatocyte growth factor, HGF)水平与BT呈负相关。HGF水平升高提示肩部钙化性肌腱炎的风险下降。白细胞介素-13(interleukin-13,IL-13)水平与GT呈负相关。白细胞介素-8(interleukin-8,IL-8)水平与PT呈负相关,而肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)水平升高提示PT的风险增加。具体结果如图1所示。敏感性分析的结果(如表1)显示,Cochran Q检验没有观察到SNP之间存在异质性,MR-Egger截距检验显示不存在水平多效性,并且留一法敏感性分析显示不存在对因果关系影响较大的SNP。
肌腱疾病对炎性细胞因子的反向孟德尔研究结果(如图2)显示,在正向MR分析中对肱二头肌肌腱炎存在潜在保护作用的HGF在反向MR分析中与其具有反向因果关联。该敏感性分析的结果(如表2)显示,Cochran Q检验没有观察到SNP之间存在异质性,MR-Egger截距检验显示不存在水平多效性,并且留一法敏感性分析显示不存在对因果关系影响较大的SNP。
作为单变量MR的衍生,MVMR可以通过将所有暴露纳入同一模型来估计每个暴露对结局的独立因果效应。在本研究中提示MCP-3、MIG及VEGF与AT存在潜在的因果关系,MCP-3和HGF与BT存在潜在的因果关系,IL-8和TNF-α与PT存在潜在的因果关系。将上述结果通过MVMR分析以矫正多种阳性炎性细胞因子对结局的影响。本研究显示在MVMR的结果(如图3)中,仅有HGF对BT仍起到保护作用。MCP-3、MIG、VEGF在MVMR的方法下均与AT不存在因果关系,并且IL-8和TNF-α在经过MVMR后,调控一方则另外一方对PT不存在因果关联。
在这项研究中,本研究采用双向MR及MVMR分析来全面评估炎性细胞因子与5种肌腱疾病之间的潜在因果关系。目前,许多研究表明炎性细胞因子确实参与肌腱疾病的发病过程[17-19]。在肩袖撕裂患者采集的冈上肌腱和肩胛下肌腱中,IL-18、IL-15、IL-6、TNF-α和MIF的mRNA和蛋白表达上调[20]。此外,在跟腱病患者中,肌腱细胞中TNF-α及其受体的表达更强[21]。受伤肌腱的愈合遵循经典的伤口愈合过程,包括炎症、细胞增殖和重塑过程[22]。炎症发生在组织损伤的早期阶段,可导致血管通透性增加、新生血管形成和炎性细胞的局部募集,抑制这种反应有利于受伤肌腱的愈合。
MCP-3作为单核细胞趋化蛋白家族中的一种碱性蛋白,与CC家族受体结合后能够引导多种炎症细胞的趋化和激活,进而促进炎症的发生。有研究发现,MCP-3的蛋白水平在受伤肌肉中上调[23],从而促进炎症进程。但是有其他研究发现MCP-3具有趋化多功能干细胞至损伤部位的功能,因而在组织损伤修复过程中发挥重要作用,促进受损组织愈合[24-25]。MCP-3具有促进炎症发展又促进组织修复的复杂作用或许能够解释其能够作为AT的保护因素,但同时也是BT的风险因素。MIG主要分布在Th1、B细胞和自然杀伤细胞中,具有介导和调节免疫及炎症反应的作用。有研究发现,炎性反应激活后,MIG分泌到胞外与VEGF结合,会阻碍VEGF与血管内皮细胞表面的VEGFR受体结合,从而抑制VEGF介导的血管生成[26]。本研究提示MIG与AT风险增加有潜在的因果关系,并且在MVMR分析后,调控VEGF以及MCP-3后该因果关系不存在,可见MIG对于肌腱组织的具体作用过程复杂,需要进一步的研究探索。TNF-α水平的增加升高了髌腱炎的风险,肌腱细胞被TNF刺激以激活炎症途径。一方面,TNF激活NF-κB信号;另一方面,TNF诱导炎症形成和IL-表达[27-28],从而促进肌腱疾病向炎症发展。缺氧是细胞经历的最基本的环境应激之一,在肌腱疾病的早期阶段有着重要作用,因为在缺氧环境下导致活性氧产生,从而使得肌腱炎性标志物(包括IL-1β和TNF-α)升高[29],进一步促进肌腱疾病的炎症发展进程。肌腱来源的基质细胞一旦暴露于炎性细胞因子环境,就会激活炎症通路如NF-κB,而该通路的激活又驱动许多促炎因子的产生。因此在肌腱愈合过程中通常会出现持续的炎症反应,使肌腱细胞长期暴露于持续的炎症环境中,不利于肌腱愈合,并且最终可能会导致肌腱组织粘连[30]。减少炎性细胞因子的生成从而抑制该通路,能够达到减缓疾病进展,甚至促使其转向愈合。值得注意的是虽然IL-8被证实促进肌腱疾病急性炎症过程[31],但是在本研究中发现其与髌腱炎具有潜在的保护作用。
此外,HGF分别对肱二头肌肌腱炎和肩部钙化性肌腱炎,VEGF对跟腱炎,IL-13对臀肌肌腱炎具有潜在的保护作用。IL-13能够抑制炎症反应,积极参与胶原合成,并且促进血管生成,进而达到促进组织修复的作用[32],这或许是其抑制臀肌肌腱炎风险的作用机制。HGF能够促进血管内皮细胞增生及新生血管形成,并且调节胶原纤维的合成以促进损伤愈合,抑制炎性反应,可在抗炎、抗纤维化、调控细胞分化等各方面促进肌腱损伤的修复。VEGF不但具有促进体内血管生成的作用,还可以增加血管壁通透性以及促进血管内皮细胞和血管周围细胞的生长和增殖。研究发现VEGF可以促进肌腱骨愈合,诱导大鼠血管生成和肩袖重建[33]。HGF和VEGF两者都能够起到对组织修复的作用,从而达到对肌腱疾病的保护作用。富血小板血浆(platelet-rich plasma, PRP)中含有丰富的生物活性细胞因子,如HGF、VEGF、转化生长因子β和胰岛素样生长因子1等[34],正因如此,PRP疗法在治疗肌腱病中促进肌腱细胞向肌腱损伤区域定向迁移和分化,能为细胞修复和损伤组织的再生提供血供和营养支持,表现出良好的促恢复作用[35-36]
同时,本研究发现HGF对肱二头肌肌腱炎有着反向因果关系,这提示HGF可能同时位于肱二头肌肌腱炎疾病进程的上游及下游,即其抑制疾病发生又提示疾病发展。并且,在MVMR的结果中,只有HGF在调控其他炎性细胞因子后仍然提示与BT存在保护性的作用,HGF将是未来研究BT发病保护机制及疾病进展过程中一个重要的炎性细胞因子。
本研究也存在一定局限性:首先,研究中包括的个体具有欧洲血统,需要进一步的调查来确定结果对其他人群的普遍性。其次,本研究中检测的炎性细胞因子的范围和GWAS的样本量有限,并且没有严格按照筛选SNP,这可能会导致假阳性的结果。此外,本研究的结果在Bonferroni校正后均暗示潜在的因果关联,这提示结果存在假阳性的可能,后续应该需纳入更大样本量的数据库以及更多观察性研究进行验证本研究结果。因此,未来的研究应该集中在验证本研究的发现,以更好地了解炎性细胞因子和肌腱疾病之间的关系。
综上所述,本研究通过对炎性细胞因子与5种肌腱疾病进行MR分析,发现MCP-3、MIG、和VEGF提示与AT病因有关,HGF和MCP-3提示与BT病因有关,HGF提示与CT病因有关,IL-13提示与GT病因有关,IL-8和TNF-α提示与PT病因有关,同时HGF对BT具有潜在的反向因果关联。并且,在MVMR分析后,HGF仍然提示与BT存在正向因果关联。需要关注的是,与BT具有双向因果关联的HGF可能是其发病保护机制及疾病进展过程中的一个重要标志物。这能够为肌腱疾病的病因、诊断和治疗提供新的线索。然而,需要进一步的研究来充分了解本研究所涉及的确切生物学机制。
  • 黑龙江省卫生健康委科研课题项目(20220404071118)
  • 黑龙江省博士后科研启动金项目(LBH-Q19182)
  • 黑龙江中医药大学优秀创新人才支持计划项目(2018RCD11)
  • 黑龙江中医药大学校杰出青年基金项目(2019JC05)
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2024年第51卷第22期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405416
  • 接收时间:2024-05-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-27
基金
黑龙江省卫生健康委科研课题项目(20220404071118)
黑龙江省博士后科研启动金项目(LBH-Q19182)
黑龙江中医药大学优秀创新人才支持计划项目(2018RCD11)
黑龙江中医药大学校杰出青年基金项目(2019JC05)
作者信息
    1.黑龙江中医药大学研究生院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040
    2.黑龙江中医药大学附属第一医院骨伤一科
    3.黑龙江中医药大学附属第一医院康复二科

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李洪涛,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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