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Article(id=1241675630807412766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407233, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720713600000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968139598, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1732464000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968139598, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968139598, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968139598, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241675628051755031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='22', pageStart='4033', pageEnd='4224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968138945, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968595676, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4086, endPage=4090, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241675631189094434, articleId=1241675630807412766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Nutrition and growth status of infants and young children in the monitoring area of nutrition improvement project,Heilongjiang, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the nutritional intake and growth of infants and young children in the monitoring area of nutrition improvement project in Heilongjiang Province,in order to provide data support for the continuous and scientific promotion of children nutrition improvement project.

Methods

Infants and young children aged 6-23 months in 7 project monitoring counties in Heilongjiang Province were selected as the research objects, to monitor the incidence of malnutrition, overweight and obesity, anemia in infants and young children from 2019 to 2023, and to detect their length, weight and hemoglobin value, and analyze the nutrition and growth status of infants and young children.

Results

A total of 10503 infants and young children aged 6-23 months were investigated in 7 monitoring counties from 2019 to 2023. Body weight andmean hemoglobin increased from 10.33 kg and 115 g/L in 2019 to 10.40 kg and 118 g/L in 2023, while body lengthdetection rates of malnutrition and anemia decreased from 8.2% and 29.4% in 2019 to 3.2% and 16.3% in 2023, while the detection rates of overweight and obesity increased from 6.9% in 2019 to 7.5% in 2023, decreasing by 60.98%, 44.56% and -8.70% respectively. Except for the detection rates of malnutrition and overweight obesity at 6-11 months and anemia at 18-23 months, there were significant differences in the detection rates of malnutrition, overweight obesity and anemia in infants of different months from 2019 to 2023(P<0.05).

Conclusion

Through the implementation of the nutrition improvement project for infants and young children aged 6-23 months, the nutritional intake and growth status of infants and young children in the monitoring areas of Heilongjiang Province have been significantly improved, and the project should be further promoted to benefit more infants and young children.

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目的

分析黑龙江省营养改善项目监测地区婴幼儿的营养摄入与生长情况，旨在为持续科学地推进儿童营养改善项目提供数据支持。

方法

以黑龙江省7个项目监测县6~23月龄婴幼儿作为研究对象，监测2019—2023年婴幼儿营养不良、超重肥胖、贫血的发生率，并对其身长、体重、血红蛋白值进行检测，分析婴幼儿的营养与生长发育状况。

结果

2019—2023年7个项目监测县共调查10 503名6~23月龄婴幼儿。2019—2023年体重和血红蛋白值均有上升，分别由10.33 kg、115 g/L上升至10.40 kg、118 g/L，身长由2019年的78.4 cm下降至2023年的78.2 cm，分别增长了0.07 kg、3 g/L、-0.2 cm；营养不良、贫血检出率分别由2019年的8.2%、29.4%下降至2023年的3.2%、16.3%，超重肥胖检出率由2019年的6.9%上升至2023年的7.5%，分别下降了60.98%、44.56%、-8.70%；2019—2023年除了6~11月龄段的营养不良、超重肥胖检出率及18~23月龄段的贫血发生率，在其他各月龄段的婴幼儿中，营养不良、超重肥胖及贫血的发生率比较有统计学差异（P<0.05）。

结论

通过对6~23月龄婴幼儿实施营养改善项目，在黑龙江省项目监测地区婴幼儿的营养摄入与生长发育状况均得到了明显提升，应进一步持续推广该项目，使更多婴幼儿受益。

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孙玉华，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=hA6PQ6AZs90SelPWpvibFA==, magXml=KpQybsz77/1v8kzcb7pcaA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=zwjbTASlHdFOKVqkFjuuhA==, pdfFileSize=451789, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=QkSK2T8LRK9owAIZOPccJw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

潘星月（1983—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：儿童营养与保健

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潘星月（1983—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：儿童营养与保健

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Relationship between nutrition pack consumption and anemia in infants and young children in poor areas of Henan province based on latent category analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241826548232295292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630807412766, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=27, issue=11, pageStart=1211, pageEnd=1215, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［15］, rfOrder=26, authorNames=王鸥, 王丽娟, 黄建, journalName=中国儿童保健杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王鸥，王丽娟，黄建，等．营养包覆盖地区6~23月龄婴幼儿贫血影响因素分析［J］．中国儿童保健杂志, 2019, 27(11): 1211-1215., articleTitle=营养包覆盖地区6~23月龄婴幼儿贫血影响因素分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241826548345541507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630807412766, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=27, issue=11, pageStart=1211, pageEnd=1215, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［15］, rfOrder=27, authorNames=Wang O, Wang LJ, Huang J, journalName=Chinese Journal of Child Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang O, Wang LJ, Huang J, et al. Analysis on the influencing factors of anemia in infants aged 6~23 months in the areas covered by nutrition packs［J］. Chinese Journal of Child Health, 27(11): 1211-1215. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis on the influencing factors of anemia in infants aged 6~23 months in the areas covered by nutrition packs, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241826543102661315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630807412766, awardId=2023004ZY, language=CN, fundingSource=黑龙江省卫生健康委政策研究课题(2023004ZY), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241826535137677621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630807412766, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826535146066229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630807412766, companyId=1241826535137677621, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Heilongjiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150020, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826535154454838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630807412766, companyId=1241826535137677621, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.黑龙江省妇幼保健院，黑龙江　哈尔滨　150020)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241826535242535231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630807412766, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826535250923839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630807412766, companyId=1241826535242535231, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.黑龙江省卫生健康委员会)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241826540762239618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630807412766, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Distribution of infants by sex and age in 2019 to 2023 (n, %)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份性别月龄合计
男孩女孩6~1112~1718~23
20191 086（51.6）1 019（48.4）823（39.1）576（27.4）706（33.5）2 105
20201 073（50.7）1 042（49.3）826（39.1）582（27.5）707（33.4）2 115
20211 063（51.1）1 017（48.9）670（32.2）716（34.4）694（33.4）2 080
20221 110（52.6）1 000（47.4）745（35.3）701（33.2）664（31.5）2 110
20231 090（52.1）1 003（47.9）749（35.8）672（32.1）672（32.1）2 093
合计5 422（51.6）5 081（48.4）3 813（36.3）3 247（30.9）3 443（32.8）10 503
χ2值1.88650.873
P值0.7570.519
), ArticleFig(id=1241826542280577678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630807412766, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2019—2023年婴幼儿性别和月龄分布情况（例，%）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份性别月龄合计
男孩女孩6~1112~1718~23
20191 086（51.6）1 019（48.4）823（39.1）576（27.4）706（33.5）2 105
20201 073（50.7）1 042（49.3）826（39.1）582（27.5）707（33.4）2 115
20211 063（51.1）1 017（48.9）670（32.2）716（34.4）694（33.4）2 080
20221 110（52.6）1 000（47.4）745（35.3）701（33.2）664（31.5）2 110
20231 090（52.1）1 003（47.9）749（35.8）672（32.1）672（32.1）2 093
合计5 422（51.6）5 081（48.4）3 813（36.3）3 247（30.9）3 443（32.8）10 503
χ2值1.88650.873
P值0.7570.519
), ArticleFig(id=1241826542423184024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630807412766, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Growth and development indicators of infants and young children of different genders and different months from 2019 to 2023（）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标年份性别月龄合计
男孩女孩6~1112~1718~23
身长(cm)201978.9±6.977.6±7.271.9±3.879.3±4.185.3±4.778.4±7.1
202078.5±6.777.2±6.671.2±3.878.7±3.684.8±3.778.0±6.7
202179.4±6.878.0±6.771.7±3.979.3±4.184.9±4.478.7±6.8
202279.2±6.477.9±6.672.1±3.779.2±3.985.3±3.678.6±6.5
202379.0±6.577.3±6.571.4±3.778.9±3.585.0±3.678.2±6.6
F值2.7522.8437.4263.5452.3933.868
P值<0.05<0.05<0.01<0.01<0.05<0.01
体重(kg)201910.62±1.769.96±1.778.98±1.2510.47±1.2811.79±1.4910.33±1.80
202010.68±1.889.94±1.759.00±1.3510.55±1.3611.78±1.5010.39±1.85
202110.92±1.7910.29±1.789.04±1.3110.81±1.4511.94±1.4010.62±1.82
202210.95±1.7010.34±1.729.28±1.2410.80±1.3112.13±1.3410.68±1.74
202310.73±1.7110.01±1.629.01±1.2110.56±1.2211.79±1.3610.40±1.71
F值7.55112.5537.2459.3207.79016.116
P值<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01
血红蛋白(g/L)2019115±12115±11112±12113±12119±11115±12
2020116±12116±11113±12114±12120±11116±12
2021118±10118±10115±10118±10120±9118±10
2022118±9118±9116±9118±9120±8118±9
2023119±10118±10116±10118±11121±9118±10
F值25.13020.66022.74734.1233.45535.201
P值<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1241826542561596066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630807412766, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2019—2023年不同性别不同月龄婴幼儿生长发育指标情况（）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标年份性别月龄合计
男孩女孩6~1112~1718~23
身长(cm)201978.9±6.977.6±7.271.9±3.879.3±4.185.3±4.778.4±7.1
202078.5±6.777.2±6.671.2±3.878.7±3.684.8±3.778.0±6.7
202179.4±6.878.0±6.771.7±3.979.3±4.184.9±4.478.7±6.8
202279.2±6.477.9±6.672.1±3.779.2±3.985.3±3.678.6±6.5
202379.0±6.577.3±6.571.4±3.778.9±3.585.0±3.678.2±6.6
F值2.7522.8437.4263.5452.3933.868
P值<0.05<0.05<0.01<0.01<0.05<0.01
体重(kg)201910.62±1.769.96±1.778.98±1.2510.47±1.2811.79±1.4910.33±1.80
202010.68±1.889.94±1.759.00±1.3510.55±1.3611.78±1.5010.39±1.85
202110.92±1.7910.29±1.789.04±1.3110.81±1.4511.94±1.4010.62±1.82
202210.95±1.7010.34±1.729.28±1.2410.80±1.3112.13±1.3410.68±1.74
202310.73±1.7110.01±1.629.01±1.2110.56±1.2211.79±1.3610.40±1.71
F值7.55112.5537.2459.3207.79016.116
P值<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01
血红蛋白(g/L)2019115±12115±11112±12113±12119±11115±12
2020116±12116±11113±12114±12120±11116±12
2021118±10118±10115±10118±10120±9118±10
2022118±9118±9116±9118±9120±8118±9
2023119±10118±10116±10118±11121±9118±10
F值25.13020.66022.74734.1233.45535.201
P值<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1241826542700008108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630807412766, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Nutritional status indicators of infants and young children of different months from 2019 to 2023 (n, %)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标年份月龄合计
6~1112~1718~23
营养不良201960(2.9)50(2.4)63(3.0)173(8.2)
202043(2.0)44(2.1)45(2.1)132(6.2)
202160(2.9)67(3.2)55(2.6)182(8.8)
202223(1.1)31(1.5)22(1.0)76(3.6)
202321(1.0)18(0.9)27(1.3)66(3.2)
χ2值39.87336.49327.77398.234
P值>0.05<0.01<0.01<0.01
超重肥胖201975(3.6)32(1.5)38(1.8)145(6.9)
202084(4.0)71(3.4)57(2.7)212(10.0)
202169(3.3)109(5.2)74(3.6)252(12.1)
202295(4.5)76(3.6)59(2.8)230(10.9)
202373(3.5)44(2.1)40(1.9)157(7.5)
χ2值6.28945.83218.02548.537
P值>0.05<0.01<0.05<0.01
贫血2019315(38.3)186(32.3)118(16.7)619(29.4)
2020226(10.7)145(6.9)90(4.3)461(21.8)
2021122(18.2)97(13.6)69(9.9)288(13.9)
2022153(20.5)89(12.7)59(8.9)301(14.3)
2023170(22.7)117(17.4)55(8.2)342(16.3)
χ2值102.507109.50133.576233.590
P值<0.01<0.01>0.05<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1241826542867780275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630807412766, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2019—2023年不同月龄婴幼儿营养状况指标情况（例，%）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标年份月龄合计
6~1112~1718~23
营养不良201960(2.9)50(2.4)63(3.0)173(8.2)
202043(2.0)44(2.1)45(2.1)132(6.2)
202160(2.9)67(3.2)55(2.6)182(8.8)
202223(1.1)31(1.5)22(1.0)76(3.6)
202321(1.0)18(0.9)27(1.3)66(3.2)
χ2值39.87336.49327.77398.234
P值>0.05<0.01<0.01<0.01
超重肥胖201975(3.6)32(1.5)38(1.8)145(6.9)
202084(4.0)71(3.4)57(2.7)212(10.0)
202169(3.3)109(5.2)74(3.6)252(12.1)
202295(4.5)76(3.6)59(2.8)230(10.9)
202373(3.5)44(2.1)40(1.9)157(7.5)
χ2值6.28945.83218.02548.537
P值>0.05<0.01<0.05<0.01
贫血2019315(38.3)186(32.3)118(16.7)619(29.4)
2020226(10.7)145(6.9)90(4.3)461(21.8)
2021122(18.2)97(13.6)69(9.9)288(13.9)
2022153(20.5)89(12.7)59(8.9)301(14.3)
2023170(22.7)117(17.4)55(8.2)342(16.3)
χ2值102.507109.50133.576233.590
P值<0.01<0.01>0.05<0.01
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黑龙江省营养改善项目监测地区婴幼儿营养及生长状况分析
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潘星月 1 , 张赛赛 2 , 刘莉 1 , 李晶 1 , 年丽娜 1 , 孙玉华 1
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024,51(22): 4086-4090
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024, 51(22): 4086-4090
黑龙江省营养改善项目监测地区婴幼儿营养及生长状况分析
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潘星月1, 张赛赛2, 刘莉1, 李晶1, 年丽娜1, 孙玉华1
作者信息
  • 1.黑龙江省妇幼保健院，黑龙江　哈尔滨　150020
  • 2.黑龙江省卫生健康委员会

    • 潘星月（1983—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：儿童营养与保健

通讯作者:

孙玉华，E-mail:
Nutrition and growth status of infants and young children in the monitoring area of nutrition improvement project,Heilongjiang
Xing-yue PAN1, Sai-sai ZHANG2, Li LIU1, Jing LI1, Li-na NIAN1, Yu-hua SUN1
Affiliations
  • Heilongjiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150020, China
出版时间: 2024-11-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407233
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摘要
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目的

分析黑龙江省营养改善项目监测地区婴幼儿的营养摄入与生长情况，旨在为持续科学地推进儿童营养改善项目提供数据支持。

方法

以黑龙江省7个项目监测县6~23月龄婴幼儿作为研究对象，监测2019—2023年婴幼儿营养不良、超重肥胖、贫血的发生率，并对其身长、体重、血红蛋白值进行检测，分析婴幼儿的营养与生长发育状况。

结果

2019—2023年7个项目监测县共调查10 503名6~23月龄婴幼儿。2019—2023年体重和血红蛋白值均有上升，分别由10.33 kg、115 g/L上升至10.40 kg、118 g/L，身长由2019年的78.4 cm下降至2023年的78.2 cm，分别增长了0.07 kg、3 g/L、-0.2 cm；营养不良、贫血检出率分别由2019年的8.2%、29.4%下降至2023年的3.2%、16.3%，超重肥胖检出率由2019年的6.9%上升至2023年的7.5%，分别下降了60.98%、44.56%、-8.70%；2019—2023年除了6~11月龄段的营养不良、超重肥胖检出率及18~23月龄段的贫血发生率，在其他各月龄段的婴幼儿中，营养不良、超重肥胖及贫血的发生率比较有统计学差异（P<0.05）。

结论

通过对6~23月龄婴幼儿实施营养改善项目，在黑龙江省项目监测地区婴幼儿的营养摄入与生长发育状况均得到了明显提升，应进一步持续推广该项目，使更多婴幼儿受益。

营养改善项目  /  婴幼儿  /  营养  /  生长状况
Objective

To analyze the nutritional intake and growth of infants and young children in the monitoring area of nutrition improvement project in Heilongjiang Province,in order to provide data support for the continuous and scientific promotion of children nutrition improvement project.

Methods

Infants and young children aged 6-23 months in 7 project monitoring counties in Heilongjiang Province were selected as the research objects, to monitor the incidence of malnutrition, overweight and obesity, anemia in infants and young children from 2019 to 2023, and to detect their length, weight and hemoglobin value, and analyze the nutrition and growth status of infants and young children.

Results

A total of 10503 infants and young children aged 6-23 months were investigated in 7 monitoring counties from 2019 to 2023. Body weight andmean hemoglobin increased from 10.33 kg and 115 g/L in 2019 to 10.40 kg and 118 g/L in 2023, while body lengthdetection rates of malnutrition and anemia decreased from 8.2% and 29.4% in 2019 to 3.2% and 16.3% in 2023, while the detection rates of overweight and obesity increased from 6.9% in 2019 to 7.5% in 2023, decreasing by 60.98%, 44.56% and -8.70% respectively. Except for the detection rates of malnutrition and overweight obesity at 6-11 months and anemia at 18-23 months, there were significant differences in the detection rates of malnutrition, overweight obesity and anemia in infants of different months from 2019 to 2023(P<0.05).

Conclusion

Through the implementation of the nutrition improvement project for infants and young children aged 6-23 months, the nutritional intake and growth status of infants and young children in the monitoring areas of Heilongjiang Province have been significantly improved, and the project should be further promoted to benefit more infants and young children.

Nutrition improvement project  /  Infants and young children  /  Nutrition  /  Growth condition
潘星月, 张赛赛, 刘莉, 李晶, 年丽娜, 孙玉华. 黑龙江省营养改善项目监测地区婴幼儿营养及生长状况分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4086 -4090 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407233
Xing-yue PAN, Sai-sai ZHANG, Li LIU, Jing LI, Li-na NIAN, Yu-hua SUN. Nutrition and growth status of infants and young children in the monitoring area of nutrition improvement project,Heilongjiang[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4086 -4090 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407233
正文
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儿童的营养状况及其生长情况作为关键指标，对于评估一个国家的社会经济发展水平至关重要。从怀孕至儿童2岁这一阶段，即生命最初1 000天的营养状况对母亲和婴儿一生的健康影响重大，若儿童早期无法获得满足其生长发育的充足营养，所带来的危害往往是不可逆转且难以弥补的[1-2]。为了提升贫困地区儿童的营养水平和生长发育状况，提高儿童家长科学喂养知识水平，黑龙江省于2015年启动贫困地区儿童营养改善项目，为项目县6~23月龄婴幼儿免费提供富含多种营养物质的儿童营养包作为辅食补充品。本研究对黑龙江省7个营养改善项目监测地区的婴幼儿营养水平和生长状况进行分析，为持续科学实施儿童营养改善项目提供有力的数据支持和参考。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
按照国家项目监测评估调查方案要求，2019—2023年在黑龙江省34个项目县中选定7个作为监测县进行监测与评估，分别是拜泉县、泰来县、克东县、龙江县、望奎县、青冈县、林甸县。采用比例规模抽样，通过选择概率与上一年度的活产数量成比例的方法，在每个监测县内选取了3~5个乡镇，在每个乡镇内进一步选取3~5个村庄；运用随机等距抽样方法，在每个村庄中随机选取20~30名6~23月龄的婴幼儿进行研究，共涉及10 503名婴幼儿。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　问卷调查
内容涉及婴幼儿的基本信息，如性别、月龄、出生时的体重及身长、是否早产；看护人情况，看护人类型、看护人学历、看护人职业；喂养情况，母乳喂养及辅食添加关键指标；营养包服用情况等。婴幼儿的看护人已了解调查详情，并自愿签署了知情同意书。
1.2.2　体格检查及评价标准
指标包括体重和身长，体重以kg为单位，至小数点后2位；身长以cm为单位，至小数点后1位。营养状况指标包括营养不良（低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦）、超重肥胖及贫血，根据WHO推荐的儿童体重和身长评价标准[3]，生长迟缓为年龄别身长的Z评分低于-2，低体重为年龄别体重的Z评分低于-2，消瘦为身长别体重的Z评分低于-2，超重为身长别体重的Z评分高于2，肥胖为身长别体重的Z评分高于3。
1.2.3　血红蛋白检测
统一使用HemoCue 希曼301型便携式血红蛋白分析仪检测血红蛋白值。根据贫血诊断标准[4]，血红蛋白<110 g/L为贫血，血红蛋白<90 g/L为中度贫血，血红蛋白<60 g/L为重度贫血。
1.3　统计学方法
本研究采用EpiData 3.1软件进行数据的双重录入，运用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析，计量资料以均数加减标准差（）表示，采用方差分析（F）进行组间比较，以率和构成比（%）表示计数资料，组间的差异性通过卡方检验（χ2）进行比较，检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　调查对象基本情况
共有10 503名婴幼儿的信息纳入分析，其中男孩5 422人，占51.6%，女孩5 081人，占48.4%；6~11月龄3 813人，占36.3%，12~17月龄3 247人，占30.9%，18~23月龄3 443人，占32.8%，不同年份中，婴幼儿的性别与月龄分布差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。见表1。
2.2　婴幼儿生长发育指标情况
监测县6~23月龄婴幼儿体重、血红蛋白平均值分别由2019年的10.33 kg、115 g/L上升至2023年的10.40 kg、118 g/L，分别增长了0.07 kg、3 g/L；身长由2019年的78.4 cm下降至2023年的78.2 cm，增长-0.2 cm。不同性别、不同月龄组血红蛋白值分别增加了4 g/L、3 g/L、4 g/L、5 g/L、2 g/L；各年监测县中不同性别及不同月龄组婴幼儿，在身长、体重及血红蛋白值方面差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。见表2。
2.3　婴幼儿营养状况指标情况
监测县6~23月龄婴幼儿营养不良、贫血检出率分别由2019年的8.2%、29.4%下降至2023年的3.2%、16.3%，分别下降了60.98%、44.56%；超重肥胖检出率由2019年的6.9%上升至2023年的7.5%，下降-8.70%。6~11月龄的婴幼儿中，营养不良的检出率下降幅度最大（65.52%），12~17月龄的婴幼儿中，超重肥胖的检出率升幅最大（40.00%），18~23月龄贫血检出率降幅最大（50.90%）；2019—2023年除了6~11月龄婴幼儿的营养不良和超重肥胖检出率，及18~23月龄婴幼儿的贫血检出率外，其他各月龄段的婴幼儿在营养不良、超重肥胖及贫血的检出率方面差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。见表3。
3　讨论
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营养不良为影响儿童健康发展的一个主要公共卫生问题。本研究结果表明，在黑龙江省营养改善项目监测地区，6~23月龄的婴幼儿平均身长及体重均随月龄的增长而呈现上升趋势；相较于2019年，2023年的婴幼儿平均体重增加了0.07 kg，血红蛋白平均水平提高了3 g/L；营养不良、贫血检出率较2019年分别下降了60.98%、44.56%，儿童营养和健康状况得到有效改善，与我国其他项目地区相关研究结果一致[5-7]。
本研究中，2023年婴幼儿超重肥胖检出率为7.5%，其中6~11月龄检出率最高为3.5%， 12~17月龄升幅最大为40.00%，儿童期出现的超重肥胖问题可能持续到青春期和成年期[8-9]，增加成年期肥胖相关疾病的患病风险，超重肥胖问题值得关注。儿童超重肥胖可以通过母亲孕期营养、儿童早期合理膳食、学龄期儿童健康营养和体育运动、体重管理等方面进行早期预防和干预[10-11]。
6~24月龄的婴幼儿是贫血患病率较高的人群[12-14]，2岁以下婴幼儿发生贫血不但对其生长发育有严重影响，还会造成认知和智力的永久损害，本研究中2023年婴幼儿贫血检出率为16.3%，低于全国贫困地区平均水平[15]，且较2019年下降了44.56%，其中18~23月龄贫血检出率降幅最大为50.90%，婴幼儿贫血的状况已显著改善。在婴幼儿营养性疾病中，缺铁性贫血的发生率仍是最高的，这表明贫困地区婴幼儿贫血问题仍然严峻，需要持续的关注和采取干预措施。
综上所述，实施贫困地区儿童营养改善项目后，黑龙江省项目监测地区的6~23月龄婴幼儿的营养状况及生长发育得到了明显提升，但婴幼儿超重和肥胖问题也日益凸显，应进一步持续推广该项目，同时对于超重肥胖问题给与积极关注，采取有针对性的干预措施。
基金
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  • 黑龙江省卫生健康委政策研究课题(2023004ZY)
文献
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2024年第51卷第22期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407233
  • 接收时间：2024-07-12
  • 首发时间：2026-03-20
  • 出版时间：2024-11-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-07-12
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黑龙江省卫生健康委政策研究课题(2023004ZY)
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    1.黑龙江省妇幼保健院，黑龙江　哈尔滨　150020
    2.黑龙江省卫生健康委员会

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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