Article(id=1241675630723518932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405260, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715788800000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968139582, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1732464000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968139582, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968139582, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968139582, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241675628051755031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='22', pageStart='4033', pageEnd='4224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968138945, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968595676, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4057, endPage=4062, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241675631063257559, articleId=1241675630723518932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analyze on epidemiological and pathogenetic characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease based on joinpoint regression modeling,Guiyang, 2008-2022, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the characteristics of epidemiological and pathogenetic trends of HFMD in Guiyang city, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of HFMD.

Methods

HFMD cases and pathogenetic surveillance data reported in Guiyang City from 2008 to 2022 were collected through the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System (CDCIS), and a Joinpoint regression model was used to compare the trends and characteristics of HFMD and its pathogenetic changes in populations with different characteristics.

Results

From 2008 to 2022, 124 288 cases of HFMD were reported in Guiyang, with an average annual incidence rate of 187.54/100 000. From 2008 to 2010, the annual incidence rate of HFMD showed a rapid upward trend (APC=144.59%, P=0.002). Slow decline from 2010 to 2022 (APC= -13.07%, P<0.001). Among them, the male incidence rate showed an upward trend from 2008 to 2010 (APC=137.14%, P=0.003), and a downward trend from 2010 to 2022 (APC= -13.54%, P<0.001). The female incidence rate increased rapidly from 2008 to 2010 (APC=157.49%, P=0.001), and showed a downward trend from 2010 to 2022 (APC= -12.41%, P<0.001). Compared with men, women showed a fast rise, slow decline characteristic. Meanwhile, the pathogen analysis results showed that EV71 showed a downward trend, Cox A16 showed a first decrease and then increase trend, and other enterovirus showed an upward trend.

Conclusion

The incidence rate of HFMD in Guiyang is still high, and the trend of annual female incidence rate should be noted. The dominant pathogenic strain of HFMD has changed from EV71 to other EVs. It is suggested that the immunization strategy of HFMD should be adjusted appropriately and pertinently.

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目的

分析贵阳市手足口病流行病学和病原学趋势变化,为手足口病的科学防控提供依据。

方法

通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2008—2022年贵阳市报告的手足口病病例及病原学监测数据,采用Joinpoint回归模型比较不同特征人群的手足口病及其病原学的变化趋势及特点。

结果

2008—2022年贵阳市累计报告手足口病124 288例,年均发病率为187.54/10万。2008—2010年手足口病年发病率呈快速上升趋势(APC=144.59%,P=0.002)。2010—2022年缓慢下降(APC= -13.07%,P<0.001)。其中,男性发病率2008—2010年呈上升趋势(APC=137.14%,P=0.003),2010—2022年呈下降趋势(APC= -13.54%,P<0.001);女性发病率2008—2010年快速上升(APC=157.49%,P=0.001),2010—2022年呈下降趋势(APC= -12.41%,P<0.001),女性相较男性呈现“上升快、下降慢”特点。同时,病原学分析结果显示EV71型呈下降趋势,Cox A16型呈“先降后升”的趋势变化,其他EVs型呈上升趋势。

结论

贵阳市手足口病总体呈下降趋势,但发病率依然较高,优势病原株已由以往的EV71型转为其他EVs型,建议手足口病的免疫接种策略应适度有针对性调整,关注女性的防控措施。

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高岚,E-mail:
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田莲鑫(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:疾病预防与控制

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Epidemiological characteristics of hand,foot,and mouth disease and the effect of EV71 vaccination in Chengdufrom 2012 to 2020[J]. Journal of Sichuan University: Medical Science Edition, 2022, 53(6): 1074-1080. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Epidemiological characteristics of hand,foot,and mouth disease and the effect of EV71 vaccination in Chengdufrom 2012 to 2020, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241826546718151481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=47, authorNames=Yang ZM, Rui J, Qi L, journalName=Frontiers in Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang ZM, Rui J, Qi L, et al. Study on the interaction between different pathogens of Hand, foot and mouth disease in five regions ofChina[J]. 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Scientific Reports, 2022, 12(1): 17028., articleTitle=The spatial-temporal distribution and etiological characteristics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease before and after EV-A71 vaccination in Kunming, China, 2017-2020, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241826529722830888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826529731219497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, companyId=1241826529722830888, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang,Guizhou 561113, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826529739608106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, companyId=1241826529722830888, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院、环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳,561113)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241826529823494191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826529831882799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, companyId=1241826529823494191, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.贵阳市疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241826534051352788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The incidence of HFMD in Guiyang city from 2008 to 2022, figureFileSmall=BA93eyX42bSFuVLNuP6/GA==, figureFileBig=0zS/M/Aw7QDVy9ueDLpHKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826534139433181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2008—2022年贵阳市手足口病的发病概况, figureFileSmall=BA93eyX42bSFuVLNuP6/GA==, figureFileBig=0zS/M/Aw7QDVy9ueDLpHKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826534277845222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Age distribution of HFMD in Guiyang city from 2008 to 2022, figureFileSmall=Hpt0aFVZlEAhBWhd07yHkQ==, figureFileBig=tHPUs9eZ6dvtsZMifYCQ5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826534370119917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2008—2022年贵阳市手足口病的年龄分布, figureFileSmall=Hpt0aFVZlEAhBWhd07yHkQ==, figureFileBig=tHPUs9eZ6dvtsZMifYCQ5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826534495949049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Trend of annual incidence rate of HFMD in Guiyang city from 2008 to 2022, figureFileSmall=Usl/O8GYSPDVX1a3h+Kt+w==, figureFileBig=gmwBgi6ACxfghImwxfmhaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826534625972480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2008—2022年贵阳市手足口病年发病率趋势变化

注:* P<0.05;APC表示年度变化百分比。

, figureFileSmall=Usl/O8GYSPDVX1a3h+Kt+w==, figureFileBig=gmwBgi6ACxfghImwxfmhaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826534722441482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Trend in the composition ratio of HFMD pathogens in Guiyang city from 2008 to 2022, figureFileSmall=N6xM2cRqoTF5Xpmwij43+w==, figureFileBig=NPj0uAYlc/AreOI0fmsP8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826534827299092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, language=CN, label=图4, caption=2010—2022年贵阳市手足口病病原体构成比趋势变化

注:* P<0.05;APC表示年度变化百分比。

, figureFileSmall=N6xM2cRqoTF5Xpmwij43+w==, figureFileBig=NPj0uAYlc/AreOI0fmsP8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826534940545310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of EV71 vaccination on the incidence rate of HFMD inGuiyang city, figureFileSmall=MEodCk6CjzHBmuNHUS6YEw==, figureFileBig=UmSlXGyWL4FLzElhon17SA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826535032820008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, language=CN, label=图5, caption=EV71疫苗接种对贵阳市手足口病发病率的影响, figureFileSmall=MEodCk6CjzHBmuNHUS6YEw==, figureFileBig=UmSlXGyWL4FLzElhon17SA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826535125094704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Trend of annual incidence rate of HFMD in Guiyang city from 2008 to 2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(年)APC(%,95% CIAAPC(%,95% CItP
总体
2008—2010144.59(50.06~298.66)0.77(-5.58~7.56)4.080.002
2010—2022-13.07(-15.54~-10.52)-10.80<0.001
男性
2008—2010137.14(43.84~290.95)-0.13(-6.57~6.75)3.850.003
2010—2022-13.54(-16.5~-10.96)-10.96<0.001
女性
2008—2010157.49(60.46~313.19)2.18(-4.06~8.83)4.460.001
2010—2022-12.41(-14.82~-9.92)-10.55<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241826535217369402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2008—2022年贵阳市手足口病年发病率趋势变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(年)APC(%,95% CIAAPC(%,95% CItP
总体
2008—2010144.59(50.06~298.66)0.77(-5.58~7.56)4.080.002
2010—2022-13.07(-15.54~-10.52)-10.80<0.001
男性
2008—2010137.14(43.84~290.95)-0.13(-6.57~6.75)3.850.003
2010—2022-13.54(-16.5~-10.96)-10.96<0.001
女性
2008—2010157.49(60.46~313.19)2.18(-4.06~8.83)4.460.001
2010—2022-12.41(-14.82~-9.92)-10.55<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241826535351587142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Pathogens detected in HFMD in Guiyang city from 2010 to 2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份确诊数
(例)
病原学检测结果
EV71
n(%)]
CoxA16
n(%)]
其他肠道病毒
n(%)]
201030189(29.57)105(34.88)107(35.55)
2011383169(44.13)47(12.27)167(43.60)
2012831386(46.45)166(19.98)279(33.57)
201315689(57.05)6(3.85)61(39.10)
2014284128(45.07)11(3.87)145(51.06)
2015788299(37.94)11(1.40)478(60.66)
2016972128(13.17)131(13.48)713(73.35)
201774665(8.71)38(5.09)643(86.19)
2018636165(25.94)125(19.65)346(54.40)
201934367(19.65)36(10.56)238(69.79)
202029158(19.93)20(6.87)213(73.20)
20211 23780(6.47)197(15.93)960(77.61)
20221 075117(10.88)208(19.35)750(69.77)
合计8 0431 840(22.88)1 097(13.64)5 106(63.48)
), ArticleFig(id=1241826535464833366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2010—2022年贵阳市手足口病病原学检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份确诊数
(例)
病原学检测结果
EV71
n(%)]
CoxA16
n(%)]
其他肠道病毒
n(%)]
201030189(29.57)105(34.88)107(35.55)
2011383169(44.13)47(12.27)167(43.60)
2012831386(46.45)166(19.98)279(33.57)
201315689(57.05)6(3.85)61(39.10)
2014284128(45.07)11(3.87)145(51.06)
2015788299(37.94)11(1.40)478(60.66)
2016972128(13.17)131(13.48)713(73.35)
201774665(8.71)38(5.09)643(86.19)
2018636165(25.94)125(19.65)346(54.40)
201934367(19.65)36(10.56)238(69.79)
202029158(19.93)20(6.87)213(73.20)
20211 23780(6.47)197(15.93)960(77.61)
20221 075117(10.88)208(19.35)750(69.77)
合计8 0431 840(22.88)1 097(13.64)5 106(63.48)
), ArticleFig(id=1241826535603245410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Trend of annual incidence rate of HFMD in Guiyang city from 2008 to 2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(年)APC(%,95% CIAAPC(%,95% CItP
EV71(男)
2010—2022-11.77(-18.28~-4.75)-11.77(-18.28~-4.75)-3.600.004
EV71(女)
2010—2022-13.88(-20.84~-6.32)-13.88(-20.84~-6.32)-3.910.002
Cox A16(男)
2010—2014-41.79(-73.82~29.45)-4.14(-27.19~26.22)-1.560.157
2014—202223.02(-6.63~62.07)1.730.121
Cox A16(女)
2010—2014-48.57(-75.11~6.30)-3.86(-25.12~23.43)-2.110.068
2014—202231.44(2.32~68.85)2.520.036
其他EVs(男)
2010—20226.97(3.49~10.56)6.97(3.49~10.56)4.480.001
其他EVs(女)
2010—201711.85(5.07~19.08)6.55(1.52~11.83)4.130.003
2017—2022-0.45(-10.35~10.53)-0.100.923
), ArticleFig(id=1241826535703908713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675630723518932, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2010—2022年贵阳市手足口病病原体构成比趋势变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(年)APC(%,95% CIAAPC(%,95% CItP
EV71(男)
2010—2022-11.77(-18.28~-4.75)-11.77(-18.28~-4.75)-3.600.004
EV71(女)
2010—2022-13.88(-20.84~-6.32)-13.88(-20.84~-6.32)-3.910.002
Cox A16(男)
2010—2014-41.79(-73.82~29.45)-4.14(-27.19~26.22)-1.560.157
2014—202223.02(-6.63~62.07)1.730.121
Cox A16(女)
2010—2014-48.57(-75.11~6.30)-3.86(-25.12~23.43)-2.110.068
2014—202231.44(2.32~68.85)2.520.036
其他EVs(男)
2010—20226.97(3.49~10.56)6.97(3.49~10.56)4.480.001
其他EVs(女)
2010—201711.85(5.07~19.08)6.55(1.52~11.83)4.130.003
2017—2022-0.45(-10.35~10.53)-0.100.923
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基于Joinpoint回归模型分析贵阳市2008—2022年手足口病的流行病学和病原学特征
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田莲鑫 1, 2 , 杨敬源 1 , 高岚 1, 2 , 程菲 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(22): 4057-4062
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(22): 4057-4062
基于Joinpoint回归模型分析贵阳市2008—2022年手足口病的流行病学和病原学特征
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田莲鑫1, 2, 杨敬源1, 高岚1, 2 , 程菲2
作者信息
  • 1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院、环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳,561113
  • 2.贵阳市疾病预防控制中心
  • 田莲鑫(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:疾病预防与控制

通讯作者:

高岚,E-mail:
Analyze on epidemiological and pathogenetic characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease based on joinpoint regression modeling,Guiyang, 2008-2022
Lian-xin TIAN1, 2, Jing-yuan YANG1, Lan GAO1, 2 , Fei CHENG2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang,Guizhou 561113, China
出版时间: 2024-11-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405260
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目的

分析贵阳市手足口病流行病学和病原学趋势变化,为手足口病的科学防控提供依据。

方法

通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2008—2022年贵阳市报告的手足口病病例及病原学监测数据,采用Joinpoint回归模型比较不同特征人群的手足口病及其病原学的变化趋势及特点。

结果

2008—2022年贵阳市累计报告手足口病124 288例,年均发病率为187.54/10万。2008—2010年手足口病年发病率呈快速上升趋势(APC=144.59%,P=0.002)。2010—2022年缓慢下降(APC= -13.07%,P<0.001)。其中,男性发病率2008—2010年呈上升趋势(APC=137.14%,P=0.003),2010—2022年呈下降趋势(APC= -13.54%,P<0.001);女性发病率2008—2010年快速上升(APC=157.49%,P=0.001),2010—2022年呈下降趋势(APC= -12.41%,P<0.001),女性相较男性呈现“上升快、下降慢”特点。同时,病原学分析结果显示EV71型呈下降趋势,Cox A16型呈“先降后升”的趋势变化,其他EVs型呈上升趋势。

结论

贵阳市手足口病总体呈下降趋势,但发病率依然较高,优势病原株已由以往的EV71型转为其他EVs型,建议手足口病的免疫接种策略应适度有针对性调整,关注女性的防控措施。

手足口病  /  肠道病毒  /  Joinpoint 回归模型  /  流行趋势
Objective

To analyze the characteristics of epidemiological and pathogenetic trends of HFMD in Guiyang city, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of HFMD.

Methods

HFMD cases and pathogenetic surveillance data reported in Guiyang City from 2008 to 2022 were collected through the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System (CDCIS), and a Joinpoint regression model was used to compare the trends and characteristics of HFMD and its pathogenetic changes in populations with different characteristics.

Results

From 2008 to 2022, 124 288 cases of HFMD were reported in Guiyang, with an average annual incidence rate of 187.54/100 000. From 2008 to 2010, the annual incidence rate of HFMD showed a rapid upward trend (APC=144.59%, P=0.002). Slow decline from 2010 to 2022 (APC= -13.07%, P<0.001). Among them, the male incidence rate showed an upward trend from 2008 to 2010 (APC=137.14%, P=0.003), and a downward trend from 2010 to 2022 (APC= -13.54%, P<0.001). The female incidence rate increased rapidly from 2008 to 2010 (APC=157.49%, P=0.001), and showed a downward trend from 2010 to 2022 (APC= -12.41%, P<0.001). Compared with men, women showed a fast rise, slow decline characteristic. Meanwhile, the pathogen analysis results showed that EV71 showed a downward trend, Cox A16 showed a first decrease and then increase trend, and other enterovirus showed an upward trend.

Conclusion

The incidence rate of HFMD in Guiyang is still high, and the trend of annual female incidence rate should be noted. The dominant pathogenic strain of HFMD has changed from EV71 to other EVs. It is suggested that the immunization strategy of HFMD should be adjusted appropriately and pertinently.

Hand-foot-mouth disease  /  Enterovirus  /  Joinpoint regression model  /  Epidemiological trends
田莲鑫, 杨敬源, 高岚, 程菲. 基于Joinpoint回归模型分析贵阳市2008—2022年手足口病的流行病学和病原学特征. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4057 -4062 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405260
Lian-xin TIAN, Jing-yuan YANG, Lan GAO, Fei CHENG. Analyze on epidemiological and pathogenetic characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease based on joinpoint regression modeling,Guiyang, 2008-2022[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4057 -4062 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405260
手足口病(hand-foot-mouth disease,HFMD)是我国的丙类法定报告传染病,主要由肠道病毒71型(Enterovirus 71,EV71)和柯萨奇病毒A16型(Coxsackie virus A16,Cox A16)等感染引起的急性传染病[1]。作为严重的全球公共卫生问题,我国在2008至2020年期间报告了超两千万例HFMD,发病率常年居高不下[2],造成了严重的疾病负担[3-4]。历年监测数据显示,贵阳市手足口病报告发病率仍然处于较高水平,年发病数位居贵州省法定丙类报告传染病一位[5],随着EV71灭活疫苗的广泛应用,该市HFMD的流行及病原学特征随之改变,因此,探讨该市手足口病的流行变化趋势特征对其进一步防控策略制定十分重要。连接点回归程序(Joinpoint Regression Program,JRP)模型是分析疾病变化趋势的一种常用方法[6],可通过寻找转折点将长期趋势分段,从而系统分析疾病的分段趋势变化特点,目前已被应用于多种疾病的特征分析[7-11]。本研究基于Joinpoint回归模型对贵阳市2008—2022年HFMD的年发病率和各病原型年构成比的长期趋势进行分析,为后续贵阳市的手足口病防治工作提供参考依据。
通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统导出发病日期为2008年1月1日至2022年12月31日、现住址为贵州省贵阳市的已审核手足口病病例和病原学检测数据。人口数据来自《贵阳市统计年鉴》。
手足口病病例诊断标准依据《手足口病诊疗指南(2018年版)》[12]和《WS 588—2018手足口病诊断》判定[13]。按照《手足口病实验室手册(2010年第4版)》[14]中实验室标准操作规程(SOP)处理病原学标本,通过荧光定量-PCR 对HFMD的EV71、Cox A16和EV进行病毒核酸检测。
使用MicrosoftExcel 2016软件整理数据,采用SPSS 26.0进行描述流行病学分析。使用Joinpoint Regression Program(JRP)5.0.2.0软件建立Joinpoint回归模型,通过计算年度变化百分比(Annual Percent Change,APC)和年均变化百分比(Average Annual Percent Change,AAPC)及95%置信区间(95% CI)分析手足口病的年发病率和各病原体年度构成比的趋势特点。采用Permutation 检验筛选最优模型,并使用网格搜寻法确定转折点。检验水准α=0.05。
Joinpoint模型分为一般线性模型和对数线性模型。
一般线性方程:
对数线性方程:
式中,yi为因变量,本文中为发病率和构成比;xi表示自变量,发病的年份;β0为截距,β1为斜率;δk表示分段函数的回归系数;τk表示未知转折点,其中k为转折点个数。
2008—2022年贵阳市累计报告手足口病124 288例,重症3 244例,死亡29例,年均发病率为187.54/10万,病死率为23.33/10万。其中男性73 604例,女性50 684例,性别比为1.45∶1.00。贵阳市手足口病总体表现为“先升后降”的趋势,2008年上升至2010年达最高峰,之后波动式下降,各年份发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=46 897.99,P<0.001)(图1)。
2008—2022年贵阳市HFMD的病例数在各年龄组的分布主要集中在5岁以下人群,病例数占比93.30%(115 960/124 287),≥15岁的病例数占比0.60%(751/124 287)(图2)。
2008—2022年贵阳市手足口病发病率总体呈上升趋势,上升趋势无统计学意义(AAPC=0.77%,P=0.816),2010年出现转折点,其中2008—2010年呈快速上升趋势(APC=144.59%,P=0.002),2010—2022年开始逐年下降(APC= -13.07%,P<0.001)。男、女性年发病率转折点均出现在2010年,但趋势变化不平衡。男性总体发病率呈下降趋势,差异无统计学意义(AAPC= -0.13%,P=0.969),具体表现为慢升快降的特点,2008—2010年呈上升趋势(APC=137.14%,P=0.003),2010年转折点出现之后开始下降(APC= -13.54%,P<0.001)。女性总体发病率呈小幅度上升趋势,差异无统计学意义(AAPC=2.18%,P=0.502),女性发病率2008—2010年呈现快速上升趋势(APC=157.49%,P=0.001),2010—2022年呈下降趋势(APC= -12.41%,P<0.001)。见表1图3
2010—2022年贵阳市累计检测出HFMD 8 043份,其中按病原体类型分层,EV71型1 840份,构成比占22.88%;Cox A16型1 097份,占比13.64%;其它肠道病毒型阳性样本5 106份,占63.48%(表2)。
2010—2022年贵阳市EV71型病原体整体呈小幅下降趋势,变化趋势有统计学意义(AAPC=-12.72%,P=0.003)。Cox A16型病原体整体呈下降趋势(AAPC= -3.99%,P=0.753),2010—2014年大幅下降(APC= -43.47%,P=0.111),2014—2022年呈上升趋势(APC=25.13%,P=0.076)。其他EVs型病原体整体呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(AAPC=6.97%,P<0.001)。见图4
2010—2022年男、女性的EV71型呈下降趋势(男:APC= -11.77%,P=0.004;女:APC= -13.88%,P=0.002);2010—2014年男、女性Cox A16型呈下降趋势(男:APC= -41.79%,P=0.157;女:APC= -48.57%,P=0.068),但2014—2022年女性Cox A16的趋势变化速度(APC=31.44%,P=0.036)高于男性(APC=23.02%,P=0.121),同时,2010—2017年女性的其他EVs型的上升趋势(APC=11.85%,P=0.003)高于2010—2022年男性(APC=6.97%,P=0.001)。见表3
贵阳市自从2016年开始进行EV71灭活疫苗的接种之后,随着EV71疫苗累计接种率的逐年上升,贵阳市手足口病的发病率明显下降,由2016年的167.86/10万下降至2022年的81.31/10万。见图5
我国于2008年5月2日将手足口病纳入丙类传染病进行管理后,贵阳市结合本地区实际情况开展了手足口病疫情防控监测工作。本研究结果显示,2008—2022年贵阳市手足口病累计报告病例数共124 288例,年均报告发病率为187.54/10万,高于2008—2018年全国的年均报告发病率(137.13/10万)[15],高于贵州省的年均报告发病率(101.80/10万)[5],说明贵阳市手足口病的发病情况仍然严峻。
Joinpoint趋势分析结果显示,2008—2010年贵阳市手足口病年发病率呈显著上升趋势(APC=144.59%,P=0.002),这与全国的趋势一致[16],其原因可能是我国将HFMD纳入法定传染病管理后,疫情报告质量有所提升[17]。2010—2022年报告发病率呈下降趋势(APC= -13.07%,P<0.001),其可能的原因为:一是EV71型作为导致我国发生手足口病的主要病原体[1, 16],随着EV71灭活疫苗接种率的增加而导致总体发病率下降[18];二是国家高度重视HFMD的防控工作,相继出台了一系列政策和措施[16],学校、社区以及民众等对HFMD感染防控意识的提高[19],同时,2019—2022年新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间,我国采取了一系列非药物干预措施(NPI)[7, 20],例如关闭学校、戴口罩和加强个人手部卫生等措施导致HFMD传染风险降低,实验室阳性检出病例下降[21]。值得注意的是,2010年之后贵阳市HFMD发病率呈现波动式下降,也可能与近年来其他型毒株逐渐增多[18],且EV71、Cox A16和其他肠道病毒的流行以周期性传播导致[21-22]
本研究发现男、女性的总体年发病率均呈“先升后降”的变化趋势,这与广东省[23]的研究结果不一致,与其他研究结果相似[24-25],可能是因为影响手足口病的因素,如地理位置、自然因素和社会因素等不同导致了各地区的差异。但分析显示男、女性的发病率趋势变化速度不一致,2008—2010年男性发病率上升趋势速度(APC=137.14%,P=0.003)低于女性(APC=157.49%,P=0.001),2010—2022年下降趋势速度(APC= -13.54%,P<0.001)高于女性(APC= -12.41%,P<0.001)。有研究表明[26],25~35岁女性更有可能负责照顾5岁以下儿童,与之密切接触后增加了手足口病感染的风险,导致该年龄段女性手足口病的发病率明显高于男性;其次,也有研究发现在成人HFMD病例中,女性多于男性[27],这可能是本研究中女性相较于男性,发病率呈现“上升快、下降慢”趋势特点的主要原因,提示女性手足口病的变化趋势更应值得关注。
病原学分析结果显示,2010—2022年贵阳市HFMD的优势病原株已由EV71型转变成Cox A16型及其它EVs型,这与国内外大多数人研究的病原体变化趋势一致[28-29]。然而,现有的手足口病疫苗仅对EV71型具有良好的保护作用,不能形成对Cox A16型和其它肠道病毒的交叉保护[30],这可能会引起其他病原株导致的手足口病再次暴发流行,提示目前免疫接种的疫苗应开发多价疫苗,以应对现有手足口病病原谱变化趋势的需要。
综上所述,贵阳市手足口病流行特征变化总体呈下降趋势,但女性的变化趋势更值得关注,同时,优势病原株已由以往的EV71型逐渐转为其他肠道病毒型,建议将其他EVs型的优势型别纳入HFMD的常规监测中,加强多价HFMD疫苗的研发,以有效地降低手足口病的发病。
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2024年第51卷第22期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405260
  • 接收时间:2024-05-16
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-11-25
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    1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院、环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳,561113
    2.贵阳市疾病预防控制中心

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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