Article(id=1241675628647346199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407450, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721750400000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773968139086, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1732464000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773968139086, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773968139086, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968139086, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241675628051755031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='22', pageStart='4033', pageEnd='4224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773968138945, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773968595676, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241677543783322544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241675628051755031, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4038, endPage=4044, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241675630211821593, articleId=1241675628647346199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Disease burden of diabetes attributable to different categories of risk factors in China, 1990-2021, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the burden of diabetes attributable to different risk categories and the trend of diabetes in China from 1990 to 2021, providing references for scientific prevention and treatment of diabetes.

Methods

Based on the global burden of disease data in 2021, we used Joinpoint regression to analyze the trends of diabetes deaths, disability adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) attributable to metabolic, behavioral, and environmental/occupational risks in China.

Results

In 2021, the number of diabetes deaths attributable to metabolic, behavioral, and environmental/occupational risks in China increased to 178 400, 73 000, 45 900, and the ASMR decreased by 8.65%, 2.41%, and 8.37%, compared to 1990. The number of diabetes DALYs attributable to different risk categories were metabolic, behavioral, and environmental/occupational risks in descending order, and the rate of DALYs and ASDR showed an increasing trend.

Conclusion

The task of reducing the burden of diabetes disease in China remains daunting, and to intensify behavioral risks interventions for men and young people with diabetes.

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目的

分析1990—2021年中国归因于不同风险类别的糖尿病疾病负担情况和变化趋势,为科学防治糖尿病提供参考。

方法

基于2021年全球疾病负担数据,运用Joinpoint回归分析中国归因于代谢风险、行为风险和环境/职业风险的糖尿病死亡人数、伤残调整生命年(DALYs)、年龄标化死亡率(ASMR)等疾病负担的发展趋势。

结果

2021年中国归因于代谢风险、行为风险和环境/职业风险的糖尿病死亡人数分别增至17.84万例、7.30万例、4.59万例,ASMR与1990年相比分别降低了8.65%、2.41%、8.37%。1990—2021年中国归因于不同风险类别的糖尿病DALYs从高到低依次是代谢风险、行为风险和环境/职业风险,DALYs率和ASDR均呈上升趋势。

结论

降低中国糖尿病疾病负担的任务仍艰巨,应强化对男性和青年糖尿病患者行为风险的干预。

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王高玲,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=q2j6Gkin8PyTg8VhgIEXCQ==, magXml=gEel+9xmN0YW4aU1Yma2mQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=0tVAJU2qth4+l9d9DVoZ4A==, pdfFileSize=1327053, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=JrHe6j2s99IMn+PZcoFapg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=aebQXltaE3FkSoQSlkdfIQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李源溪(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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李源溪(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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Scientific Reports, 2020, 10(1): 14790., articleTitle=Global, regional, and national burden and trend of diabetes in 195 countries and territories: an analysis from 1990 to 2025, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241826542800666684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=23, issue=1, pageStart=85, pageEnd=87, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=15, authorNames=李芳, 张凯, 王苏华, journalName=中国糖尿病杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李芳,张凯,王苏华,.糖尿病对环境危害因素的易感性特征及其机制的研究进展[J].中国糖尿病杂志, 2015, 23(1): 85-87., articleTitle=糖尿病对环境危害因素的易感性特征及其机制的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241826542901329991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=23, issue=1, pageStart=85, pageEnd=87, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Li F, Zhang K, Wang SH, journalName=Chinese Journal of Diabetes, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li F, Zhang K, Wang SH, et al. Research progress of the susceptibility of diabetes to environmental hazardous factors and its potential mechanisms[J]. Chinese Journal of Diabetes, 2015, 23(1): 85-87. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Research progress of the susceptibility of diabetes to environmental hazardous factors and its potential mechanisms, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241826543165571154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=6, issue=7, pageStart=e586, pageEnd=e600, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=17, authorNames=GBD 2019 Diabetes and Air Pollution Collaborators, journalName=The Lancet. Planetary Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GBD 2019 Diabetes and Air Pollution Collaborators. Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2.5 air pollution, 1990-2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019[J]. The Lancet. Planetary Health, 2022, 6(7): e586-e600., articleTitle=Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2.5 air pollution, 1990-2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241826543308177506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=16, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=18, authorNames=O’Neill S, O’Driscoll L, journalName=Obesity Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=O’Neill S, O’Driscoll L. Metabolic syndrome: a closer look at the growing epidemic and its associated pathologies[J]. Obesity Reviews, 2015, 16(1): 1-12., articleTitle=Metabolic syndrome: a closer look at the growing epidemic and its associated pathologies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241826543434006634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=21, issue=10, pageStart=922, pageEnd=936, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Elafros MA, Andersen H, Bennett DL, journalName=The Lancet. Neurology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Elafros MA, Andersen H, Bennett DL, et al. Towards prevention of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and new treatments[J]. The Lancet. Neurology, 2022, 21(10): 922-936., articleTitle=Towards prevention of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and new treatments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241826543538864239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=49, issue=7, pageStart=776, pageEnd=782, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=20, authorNames=李赞, 刘喜洋, 贺卓佳, journalName=解放军医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李赞,刘喜洋,贺卓佳,.1999—2019年中国糖尿病疾病负担的调查研究[J].解放军医学杂志, 2024, 49(7): 776-782., articleTitle=1999—2019年中国糖尿病疾病负担的调查研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241826543647916152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=49, issue=7, pageStart=776, pageEnd=782, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Li Z, Liu XY, He ZJ, journalName=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Z, Liu XY, He ZJ, et al. A survey study on the disease burden of diabetes in China from 1999 to 2019[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024, 49(7): 776-782. (In Chinese), articleTitle=A survey study on the disease burden of diabetes in China from 1999 to 2019, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241826543782133890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=37, issue=3, pageStart=278, pageEnd=316, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Kautzky-Willer A, Harreiter J, Pacini G, journalName=Endocrine Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kautzky-Willer A, Harreiter J, Pacini G. Sex and gender differences in risk, pathophysiology and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Endocrine Reviews, 2016, 37(3): 278-316., articleTitle=Sex and gender differences in risk, pathophysiology and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241826543882797193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=71, pageEnd=82, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Chiu CJ, Wray LA, journalName=Annals of Behavioral Medicine : a Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chiu CJ, Wray LA. Gender differences in functional limitations in adults living with type 2 diabetes: biobehavioral and psychosocial mediators[J]. Annals of Behavioral Medicine : a Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 2011, 41(1): 71-82., articleTitle=Gender differences in functional limitations in adults living with type 2 diabetes: biobehavioral and psychosocial mediators, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241826543991849106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=15, issue=1, pageStart=131, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Kolb H, Martin S, journalName=BMC Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kolb H, Martin S. Environmental/lifestyle factors in the pathogenesis and prevention of type 2 diabetes[J]. BMC Medicine, 2017, 15(1): 131., articleTitle=Environmental/lifestyle factors in the pathogenesis and prevention of type 2 diabetes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241826544151232666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=2, issue=10, pageStart=e618, pageEnd=e628, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Wang TG, Zhao ZY, Wang GX, journalName=The Lancet. Healthy Longevity, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang TG, Zhao ZY, Wang GX, et al. Age-related disparities in diabetes risk attributable to modifiable risk factor profiles in Chinese adults: a nationwide, population-based, cohort study[J]. The Lancet. Healthy Longevity, 2021, 2(10): e618-e628., articleTitle=Age-related disparities in diabetes risk attributable to modifiable risk factor profiles in Chinese adults: a nationwide, population-based, cohort study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241826539042571136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, awardId=72074125, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(72074125), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241826539185177483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, awardId=23GLB010, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省社会科学基金(23GLB010), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241826533975851673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826533980045976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, companyId=1241826533975851673, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Health Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241826534118458014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, companyId=1241826533975851673, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=南京中医药大学卫生经济管理学院,江苏 南京 210023)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241826535888454412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Diabetes deaths and ASMR attributable to different risk categories in China from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=waBnpDcy7zg6NWpv2omN0Q==, figureFileBig=Xotzmwlvm9fXWF1u390mNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826535984923411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, language=CN, label=图1, caption=1990—2021年中国归因于不同风险类别的糖尿病死亡人数和ASMR情况

注:图A为全人群死亡人数情况;图B为分性别死亡人数情况;图C为全人群ASMR情况;图D为分性别ASMR情况。

, figureFileSmall=waBnpDcy7zg6NWpv2omN0Q==, figureFileBig=Xotzmwlvm9fXWF1u390mNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826536140112666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Diabetes DALYs and ASDR attributable to different risk categories in China from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=QsW4tyRdTmYZi9+emwY/DQ==, figureFileBig=AxntnzEd5qIWMPJopXVA9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826536244970270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, language=CN, label=图2, caption=1990—2021年中国归因于不同风险类别的糖尿病DALYs和ASDR情况

注:图A为全人群DALYs情况;图B为分性别DALYs情况;图C为全人群ASDR情况;图D为分性别ASDR情况。

, figureFileSmall=QsW4tyRdTmYZi9+emwY/DQ==, figureFileBig=AxntnzEd5qIWMPJopXVA9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826537792668453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Trends in diabetes ASMR attributable to different risk categories in China from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=aBQVVmoGBWNy8m2eFr8Yxg==, figureFileBig=yj39HsSZwZwG+QGzS4H7Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826537952052014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, language=CN, label=图3, caption=1990—2021年中国归因于不同风险类别的糖尿病ASMR变化趋势

注:*表示P<0.05;图A为行为风险情况;图B为环境/职业风险情况;图C为代谢风险情况。

, figureFileSmall=aBQVVmoGBWNy8m2eFr8Yxg==, figureFileBig=yj39HsSZwZwG+QGzS4H7Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826538090464056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Trends in diabetes ASDR attributable to different risk categories in China from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=YSNUH1XmvX2LU/x6KdN35w==, figureFileBig=0l+e0RNfAdTADushEqypJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826538216293187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, language=CN, label=图4, caption=1990—2021年中国归因于不同风险类别的糖尿病ASDR变化趋势

注:a表示P<0.05;图A为行为风险情况;图B为环境/职业风险情况;图C为代谢风险情况。

, figureFileSmall=YSNUH1XmvX2LU/x6KdN35w==, figureFileBig=0l+e0RNfAdTADushEqypJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241826538333733707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Trends in diabetes mortality attributable to different risk categories by age in China from 1990 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)行为风险
AAPC (%,95% CI)
环境/职业风险
AAPC (%,95% CI)
代谢风险
AAPC (%,95% CI)
<5-6.55a(-7.25~-5.84)-6.17a(-6.41~-5.92)
5~9-5.10a(-5.29~-4.92)-4.95a(-5.09~-4.80)
10~14-4.68a(-5.74~-3.62)-4.40a(-5.34~-3.46)
15~19-2.71a(-3.08~-2.34)-2.48a(-2.68~-2.28)
20~24-1.46a(-1.91~-1.01)-1.17a(-1.60~-0.72)
25~290.90a(0.22~1.60)-0.34(-1.09~0.42)-0.72a(-1.15~-0.30)
30~340.27(-0.41~0.95)-0.54(-1.36~0.30)-0.89a(-1.55~-0.23)
35~39-0.08(-0.52~0.36)-0.73a(-0.99~-0.47)-1.04a(-1.33~-0.76)
40~44-0.21(-0.50~0.08)-0.94a(-1.22~-0.67)-1.15a(-1.57~-0.73)
45~49-0.86a(-1.23~-0.50)-1.24a(-1.75~-0.72)-1.19a(-1.56~-0.81)
50~54-1.00a(-1.28~-0.72)-1.37a(-1.66~-1.09)-1.36a(-1.60~-1.12)
55~59-1.18a(-1.50~-0.86)-1.50a(-1.70~-1.30)-1.48a(-1.63~-1.32)
60~64-0.77a(-0.94~-0.61)-1.05a(-1.36~-0.74)-1.03a(-1.23~-0.83)
65~69-0.50a(-0.76~-0.24)-0.78a(-1.25~-0.30)-0.74a(-1.01~-0.47)
70~74-0.05(-0.28~0.18)-0.26(-0.54~0.01)-0.21a(-0.39~-0.03)
75~790.27a(0.06~0.48)0.04(-0.32~0.39)0.08(-0.11~0.26)
80~840.73a(0.37~1.10)0.56a(0.09~1.04)0.62a(0.27~0.98)
85~890.62a(0.15~1.09)0.56(-0.01~1.15)0.66a(0.31~1.00)
90~940.29(-0.11~0.70)0.34(-0.17~0.85)0.38(-0.03~0.80)
≥950.12(-0.70~0.94)0.26(-0.68~1.21)0.23(-0.54~1.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1241826538514088788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1990—2021年中国各年龄段归因于不同风险类别的糖尿病死亡率变化趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)行为风险
AAPC (%,95% CI)
环境/职业风险
AAPC (%,95% CI)
代谢风险
AAPC (%,95% CI)
<5-6.55a(-7.25~-5.84)-6.17a(-6.41~-5.92)
5~9-5.10a(-5.29~-4.92)-4.95a(-5.09~-4.80)
10~14-4.68a(-5.74~-3.62)-4.40a(-5.34~-3.46)
15~19-2.71a(-3.08~-2.34)-2.48a(-2.68~-2.28)
20~24-1.46a(-1.91~-1.01)-1.17a(-1.60~-0.72)
25~290.90a(0.22~1.60)-0.34(-1.09~0.42)-0.72a(-1.15~-0.30)
30~340.27(-0.41~0.95)-0.54(-1.36~0.30)-0.89a(-1.55~-0.23)
35~39-0.08(-0.52~0.36)-0.73a(-0.99~-0.47)-1.04a(-1.33~-0.76)
40~44-0.21(-0.50~0.08)-0.94a(-1.22~-0.67)-1.15a(-1.57~-0.73)
45~49-0.86a(-1.23~-0.50)-1.24a(-1.75~-0.72)-1.19a(-1.56~-0.81)
50~54-1.00a(-1.28~-0.72)-1.37a(-1.66~-1.09)-1.36a(-1.60~-1.12)
55~59-1.18a(-1.50~-0.86)-1.50a(-1.70~-1.30)-1.48a(-1.63~-1.32)
60~64-0.77a(-0.94~-0.61)-1.05a(-1.36~-0.74)-1.03a(-1.23~-0.83)
65~69-0.50a(-0.76~-0.24)-0.78a(-1.25~-0.30)-0.74a(-1.01~-0.47)
70~74-0.05(-0.28~0.18)-0.26(-0.54~0.01)-0.21a(-0.39~-0.03)
75~790.27a(0.06~0.48)0.04(-0.32~0.39)0.08(-0.11~0.26)
80~840.73a(0.37~1.10)0.56a(0.09~1.04)0.62a(0.27~0.98)
85~890.62a(0.15~1.09)0.56(-0.01~1.15)0.66a(0.31~1.00)
90~940.29(-0.11~0.70)0.34(-0.17~0.85)0.38(-0.03~0.80)
≥950.12(-0.70~0.94)0.26(-0.68~1.21)0.23(-0.54~1.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1241826538652500826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Trends in diabetes DALYs rates attributable to different risk categories by age in China from 1990 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)行为风险
AAPC (%,95% CI)
环境/职业风险
AAPC (%,95% CI)
代谢风险
AAPC (%,95% CI)
<5-6.54a(-7.24~-5.83)-6.00a(-6.23~-5.77)
5~9-5.28a(-5.73~-4.82)-4.17a(-4.51~-3.84)
10~14-4.68a(-5.73~-3.62)-3.24a(-3.96~-2.51)
15~19-2.71a(-3.08~-2.33)1.05a(0.84~1.26)
20~24-1.46a(-1.91~-1.01)2.74a(2.28~3.19)
25~293.92a(3.54~4.30)3.00a(2.72~3.27)2.79a(2.48~3.09)
30~343.05a(2.70~3.41)2.43a(2.12~2.74)2.29a(1.99~2.59)
35~392.50a(2.21~2.80)1.97a(1.75~2.19)1.88a(1.62~2.14)
40~442.03a(1.79~2.26)1.43a(1.22~1.63)1.37a(1.15~1.59)
45~491.35a(1.08~1.63)0.87a(0.62~1.12)1.05a(0.78~1.33)
50~540.86a(0.75~0.97)0.38a(0.23~0.53)0.56a(0.43~0.69)
55~590.55a(0.44~0.66)0.09(-0.03~0.20)0.26a(0.19~0.34)
60~640.49a(0.32~0.66)0.08(-0.04~0.19)0.29a(0.18~0.40)
65~690.49a(0.18~0.80)0.13(-0.20~0.47)0.28a(0.09~0.48)
70~740.52a(0.29~0.75)0.24(-0.07~0.54)0.39a(0.23~0.55)
75~790.60a(0.39~0.81)0.36a(0.03~0.68)0.45a(0.26~0.64)
80~840.84a(0.48~1.21)0.66a(0.25~1.08)0.70a(0.36~1.05)
85~890.64a(0.19~1.09)0.60a(0.12~1.09)0.72a(0.45~0.99)
90~940.41a(0.13~0.68)0.27(-0.08~0.63)0.37a(0.06~0.69)
≥950.29a(0.03~0.56)0.29(-0.42~1.00)0.39a(0.13~0.66)
), ArticleFig(id=1241826538765747044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241675628647346199, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

1990—2021年中国各年龄段归因于不同风险类别的糖尿病DALYs率变化趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)行为风险
AAPC (%,95% CI)
环境/职业风险
AAPC (%,95% CI)
代谢风险
AAPC (%,95% CI)
<5-6.54a(-7.24~-5.83)-6.00a(-6.23~-5.77)
5~9-5.28a(-5.73~-4.82)-4.17a(-4.51~-3.84)
10~14-4.68a(-5.73~-3.62)-3.24a(-3.96~-2.51)
15~19-2.71a(-3.08~-2.33)1.05a(0.84~1.26)
20~24-1.46a(-1.91~-1.01)2.74a(2.28~3.19)
25~293.92a(3.54~4.30)3.00a(2.72~3.27)2.79a(2.48~3.09)
30~343.05a(2.70~3.41)2.43a(2.12~2.74)2.29a(1.99~2.59)
35~392.50a(2.21~2.80)1.97a(1.75~2.19)1.88a(1.62~2.14)
40~442.03a(1.79~2.26)1.43a(1.22~1.63)1.37a(1.15~1.59)
45~491.35a(1.08~1.63)0.87a(0.62~1.12)1.05a(0.78~1.33)
50~540.86a(0.75~0.97)0.38a(0.23~0.53)0.56a(0.43~0.69)
55~590.55a(0.44~0.66)0.09(-0.03~0.20)0.26a(0.19~0.34)
60~640.49a(0.32~0.66)0.08(-0.04~0.19)0.29a(0.18~0.40)
65~690.49a(0.18~0.80)0.13(-0.20~0.47)0.28a(0.09~0.48)
70~740.52a(0.29~0.75)0.24(-0.07~0.54)0.39a(0.23~0.55)
75~790.60a(0.39~0.81)0.36a(0.03~0.68)0.45a(0.26~0.64)
80~840.84a(0.48~1.21)0.66a(0.25~1.08)0.70a(0.36~1.05)
85~890.64a(0.19~1.09)0.60a(0.12~1.09)0.72a(0.45~0.99)
90~940.41a(0.13~0.68)0.27(-0.08~0.63)0.37a(0.06~0.69)
≥950.29a(0.03~0.56)0.29(-0.42~1.00)0.39a(0.13~0.66)
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1990—2021年中国归因于不同风险类别的糖尿病疾病负担分析
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李源溪 , 王高玲
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(22): 4038-4044
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(22): 4038-4044
1990—2021年中国归因于不同风险类别的糖尿病疾病负担分析
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李源溪, 王高玲
作者信息
  • 南京中医药大学卫生经济管理学院,江苏 南京 210023
  • 李源溪(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

通讯作者:

王高玲,E-mail:
Disease burden of diabetes attributable to different categories of risk factors in China, 1990-2021
Yuan-xi LI, Gao-ling WANG
Affiliations
  • School of Health Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
出版时间: 2024-11-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407450
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目的

分析1990—2021年中国归因于不同风险类别的糖尿病疾病负担情况和变化趋势,为科学防治糖尿病提供参考。

方法

基于2021年全球疾病负担数据,运用Joinpoint回归分析中国归因于代谢风险、行为风险和环境/职业风险的糖尿病死亡人数、伤残调整生命年(DALYs)、年龄标化死亡率(ASMR)等疾病负担的发展趋势。

结果

2021年中国归因于代谢风险、行为风险和环境/职业风险的糖尿病死亡人数分别增至17.84万例、7.30万例、4.59万例,ASMR与1990年相比分别降低了8.65%、2.41%、8.37%。1990—2021年中国归因于不同风险类别的糖尿病DALYs从高到低依次是代谢风险、行为风险和环境/职业风险,DALYs率和ASDR均呈上升趋势。

结论

降低中国糖尿病疾病负担的任务仍艰巨,应强化对男性和青年糖尿病患者行为风险的干预。

糖尿病  /  疾病负担  /  伤残调整寿命年
Objective

To analyze the burden of diabetes attributable to different risk categories and the trend of diabetes in China from 1990 to 2021, providing references for scientific prevention and treatment of diabetes.

Methods

Based on the global burden of disease data in 2021, we used Joinpoint regression to analyze the trends of diabetes deaths, disability adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) attributable to metabolic, behavioral, and environmental/occupational risks in China.

Results

In 2021, the number of diabetes deaths attributable to metabolic, behavioral, and environmental/occupational risks in China increased to 178 400, 73 000, 45 900, and the ASMR decreased by 8.65%, 2.41%, and 8.37%, compared to 1990. The number of diabetes DALYs attributable to different risk categories were metabolic, behavioral, and environmental/occupational risks in descending order, and the rate of DALYs and ASDR showed an increasing trend.

Conclusion

The task of reducing the burden of diabetes disease in China remains daunting, and to intensify behavioral risks interventions for men and young people with diabetes.

Diabetes  /  Disease burden  /  Disability adjusted life years
李源溪, 王高玲. 1990—2021年中国归因于不同风险类别的糖尿病疾病负担分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4038 -4044 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407450
Yuan-xi LI, Gao-ling WANG. Disease burden of diabetes attributable to different categories of risk factors in China, 1990-2021[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (22) : 4038 -4044 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407450
根据国际糖尿病联盟的最新报告,成年人糖尿病患病率为10.5%,预计到2045年全球糖尿病患者将达7.83亿[1]。我国20~79岁人群中的糖尿病人数从2013年的9 840万增至2021年的1.409亿,支出相关卫生费用约1 653亿美元[1-2]。《健康中国行动(2019—2030年)》指出我国已有约2.5亿糖尿病及其前期患者,糖尿病等慢性病深刻影响了我国预期寿命的提升[3]
精准的疾病负担数据是制定科学决策和适时调整卫生政策及战略的重要依据[4]。随着中国糖尿病患者日益增多,掌握糖尿病疾病负担情况对于提升居民生活品质、延长人口健康寿命、落实健康中国战略有重要意义。基于此,本研究基于2021年全球疾病负担数据(Global Burden of Disease 2021,GBD 2021),分析1990—2021年我国归因于不同风险类别的糖尿病疾病负担情况和变化趋势,为科学防治糖尿病提供参考依据。
本研究数据来自GBD 2021中的中国糖尿病数据。GBD 2021广泛覆盖了多元化的死亡原因、疾病和伤害,并深入探索了潜在的风险因素[4]。以高度标准化的方法综合评估了全球及特定地域内健康结果与系统的动态,旨在为全球、国家和地区把握健康和疾病的发展趋势及演变规律提供坚实可靠的数据支撑与科学分析工具[5]
参考相关文献[5-7]及GBD 2021提供的数据,研究选用死亡人数、伤残调整寿命年(Disability Adjusted Life Years,DALYs)、年龄标化死亡率(Age-standardized Mortality Rate,ASMR)、年龄标化DALYs率(Age-standardized DALYs Rate,ASDR)等作为评估指标。
基于个体所面临风险的共同特征,GBD 2021将风险划分为行为风险、环境/职业风险和代谢风险三类。行为风险指与个体生活方式和行为选择相关联的风险。饮食、吸烟饮酒、体力活动少等均属于行为风险。环境/职业风险与个体所处外部及工作环境有关,如噪声、水污染、辐射暴露等。代谢风险指与个体代谢和生理机能相关的风险,包括收缩压高、体重指数高和肾功能不全等[8-9]。首先,使用Excel 2021和R 4.4.0对相关数据进行整理汇总。其次,运用Joinpoint 5.1.0.0构建对数线性模型,分别计算年度变化百分比(Annual Percentage Change,APC)、年均变化百分比(Average Annual Percentage Change,AAPC)及95%置信区间(Confidence Interval,CI),以分析1990—2021年各年龄组和性别中不同风险类别的糖尿病疾病负担变化趋势。检验水准α=0.05。
1990—2021年中国糖尿病死亡人数中,归因于代谢风险的糖尿病死亡人数增长最多,从7.22万例增至17.84万例;归因于行为风险的糖尿病死亡人数从1990年的2.67万例增至2021年的7.30万例;归因于环境/职业风险的糖尿病死亡人数增长最少,从1.81万例增至4.59万例(见图1A)。1990年女性归因于各风险类别的糖尿病死亡人数多于男性。但1990—2021年男性归因于不同风险类别的糖尿病死亡人数的增速高于女性(见图1B)。
2021年中国归因于行为风险、环境/职业风险和代谢风险的ASMR分别为3.64/10万、2.30/10万和8.98/10万,与1990年相比,各风险类别分别降低了2.41%、8.37%、8.65%。2021年男性归因于各风险类别的糖尿病ASMR均高于1990年,且男性糖尿病ASMR上升幅度小于女性的下降幅度(见图1C、D)。
1990—2021年中国居民归因于代谢风险、行为风险和环境/职业风险的糖尿病DALYs分别从428.82万人年、155.83万人年和90.33万人年增至1 171.26万人年、487.53万人年和249.94万人年(见图2A)。1990年女性归因于环境/职业风险和代谢风险的糖尿病DALYs高于男性。但1990—2021年男性归因于不同风险类别的糖尿病DALYs的增速均高于女性,其中归因于行为风险的糖尿病DALYs增速最快(见图2B)。
2021年中国归因于不同风险类别的糖尿病ASDR从高到低依次是代谢风险(585.38/10万)、行为风险(237.04/10万)、环境/职业风险(121.70/10万),糖尿病ASDR增幅从大到小依次是行为风险(35.26%)、代谢风险(25.39%)、环境/职业风险(19.60%)。男性糖尿病ASDR及其增幅均大于女性(见图2C、D)。
1990—2021年中国35~74岁人群归因于行为风险的糖尿病死亡率呈现下降趋势,55~59岁年龄组下降最快。25~34岁及75岁以上人群归因于行为风险的糖尿病死亡率呈上升趋势,AAPC以25~29岁年龄段最高。
1990—2021年中国归因于环境/职业风险和代谢风险的糖尿病死亡率变化趋势均以75岁为分界点,75岁及以上人群的糖尿病死亡率呈上升趋势。其中,5岁及以下人群下降最快,归因于环境/职业风险的糖尿病死亡率以80~84岁年龄段上升最快,归因于代谢风险的糖尿病死亡率以85~89岁年龄段上升最快(见表1)。
1990—2021年中国归因于行为风险和环境/职业风险的糖尿病ASMR变化趋势较为平缓(P>0.05)。归因于代谢风险的糖尿病ASMR整体呈下降趋势(AAPC= -0.27%, 95% CI: -0.46%~0.08%, P=0.006),且以2004年为分界,呈倒“V”形波动。1990—2021年女性归因于不同风险类别的糖尿病ASMR整体呈现显著下降趋势,变化程度从大到小依次是环境/职业风险(AAPC= -0.75%, 95% CI: -1.12%~-0.38%, P<0.001)、代谢风险(AAPC= -0.71%, 95% CI: -0.89%~-0.53%, P<0.001)、行为风险(AAPC= -0.53%, 95% CI: -0.76%~-0.31%, P<0.001)。男性归因于环境/职业风险的ASMR无明显变化趋势,归因于行为风险和代谢风险的糖尿病ASMR整体呈显著上升趋势,AAPC分别为0.45%(95% CI: 0.17%~0.72%, P=0.002)和0.28%(95% CI: 0.05%~0.50%, P=0.015)(见图3)。
25岁及以上人群归因于行为风险的糖尿病DALYs率均呈上升趋势,AAPC均以25~29岁年龄段最高。25岁以下人群归因于环境/职业风险的DALYs率和15岁以下人群归因于代谢风险的DALYs率均呈显著下降趋势,均以5岁及以下人群下降最快,25~29岁人群上升最快(见表2)。
1990—2021年中国归因于不同风险类别的糖尿病ASDR整体上均呈现显著上升趋势,变化程度从大到小依次是行为风险(AAPC=1.01%, 95% CI: 0.86%~1.15%,P<0.001)、代谢风险(AAPC=0.75%, 95% CI: 0.65%~0.85%, P<0.001)、环境/职业风险(AAPC=0.60%, 95% CI: 0.39%~0.81%, P<0.001),且归因于各风险类别的糖尿病ASDR大体呈“N”形波动,自2004年开始下降,归因于行为风险、环境/职业风险和代谢风险的糖尿病ASDR分别于2007年和2015年开始回升。1990—2021年男性和女性归因于不同风险类别的糖尿病ASDR也均呈现显著上升趋势,男性的糖尿病ASDR变化程度更大(见图4)。
1990—2021年中国糖尿病ASMR整体呈现下降趋势,显示出中国高度重视糖尿病相关防治措施的制定实施与慢病规范化管理,公众对糖尿病的认知和自我健康管理能力得到提升,糖尿病防治取得成效。而中国糖尿病ASDR仍呈现上升趋势则反映出糖尿病造成的早死与残疾对个体健康寿命的严重损害。与非糖尿病患者相比,糖尿病患者常伴有心血管疾病、肾病、视网膜病变等多种并发症[10],且通常面临更高的残疾风险[11]。总体来看,中国糖尿病防治任务仍艰巨。这提示在提供高质量医疗卫生服务的同时,应密切关注糖尿病及相关并发症的发展趋势,通过健全糖尿病筛查网络、完善电子健康档案管理体系、推广诊疗规范以及构建多学科诊疗模式等干预手段,控制糖尿病的发展,进而构建全方位、多层次、规范化的糖尿病防治和管理体系,帮助降低糖尿病所致DALYs的累积,推动糖尿病早预防、早诊断、早治疗。
环境污染亦是糖尿病的主要危险因素。环境和家庭空气污染可能导致机体免疫力降低[12],继而加剧糖尿病人群在肺、肾及神经等多方面的损害,增加疾病负担[13]。一项基于GBD 2019的分析指出,全球约五分之一的2型糖尿病负担是由PM2.5污染造成[14]。在糖尿病防治行动中,需高度重视环境治理的关键作用,通过节能减排减少有害物质排放、增加绿化面积改善空气质量、优化公共交通降低尾气污染以及推广绿色能源等多途径构建健康生态,减少环境风险的不利影响。
本研究发现,1990—2021年归因于代谢风险的糖尿病疾病负担最重。代谢综合征被确认为糖尿病周围神经病变的主要危险因素,其综合效应加剧了代谢和功能紊乱[15],缩短了糖尿病患者的健康寿命,深刻影响了他们的核心功能和生活质量[16]。这提示糖尿病管理需强化代谢因素监管,通过营养和运动指导干预高血压、高血糖及血脂异常,普及健康生活方式,构建体重管理支持性环境,减少代谢风险所致糖尿病负担。
与既往研究一致[17],本研究发现中国男性糖尿病疾病负担更重,糖尿病人群呈年轻化趋势。男性归因于不同风险类别的糖尿病死亡人数增速、DALYs、ASDR及其增幅均大于女性。且与女性相反,男性归因于行为和代谢风险的糖尿病ASMR整体呈上升趋势。其中男性归因于行为风险的糖尿病死亡人数和DALYs增速最快,归因于行为风险的糖尿病ASDR和ASMR变化程度最大,男性面临更为沉重的归因于行为风险的糖尿病负担。研究显示,女性的饮食习惯更为健康均衡,而男性的吸烟和酗酒行为更为普遍,吸烟将显著提升糖尿病患者罹患心肌梗死的风险[18]。此外,女性糖尿病患者在健康管理方面表现出更优的自我监测意识和依从性,减低了其患糖尿病并发症的风险[19]
年龄层面上,我国25~29岁人群归因于行为风险的糖尿病死亡率和归因于各风险类别的糖尿病DALYs率的上升趋势均为各年龄段中的最快,且归因于行为风险的糖尿病死亡率和DALYs率的AAPC最高,青年归因于行为风险的糖尿病疾病负担沉重。工作和生活的节奏加快会加剧青年群体压力,长期处于紧张、焦虑的情绪中易导致内分泌失调,伴随久坐不动、缺乏运动、饮食紊乱的常态将损害其代谢功能,增加糖尿病负担[17, 20]。且行为风险与生物衰老的相关性有限,衰老对葡萄糖代谢的生物学效应与代谢因素相关的糖尿病风险随年龄增长而降低相关[21]。因此,中老年归因于行为风险的糖尿病死亡率和归因于各风险类别的DALYs率上升相对青年较慢。
鉴于此,应强化对男性和青年糖尿病患者行为风险的干预,倡导他们积极践行健康生活方式,成为自身健康管理的首要责任人。与此同时,实施针对性的糖尿病健康干预,促进患者自我管理能力提升,降低糖尿病带来的健康风险与危害。
  • 国家自然科学基金(72074125)
  • 江苏省社会科学基金(23GLB010)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407450
  • 接收时间:2024-07-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-24
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国家自然科学基金(72074125)
江苏省社会科学基金(23GLB010)
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    南京中医药大学卫生经济管理学院,江苏 南京 210023

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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