Article(id=1241522927213007598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522919977841545, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308061, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1691251200000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773931732227, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1710000000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773931732227, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773931732227, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931732227, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241522919977841545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='5', pageStart='769', pageEnd='960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773931730503, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931880386, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241523548695622547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522919977841545, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241523548695622548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522919977841545, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=899, endPage=903, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241522928068645661, articleId=1241522927213007598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The influence of social activity on frailty in the elderly, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the relationship between frailty and social activity of the elderly in China, and to study the influencing factors of frailty in the elderly, so as to provide scientific basis for the healthy life of the elderly.

Methods

Based on 43 health related variables in China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2018 database, the frailty index (FI) was constructed to evaluate the frailty of the elderly. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the effect of social activity on the frailty of the elderly.

Results

A total of 1 519 elderly people aged 60 and above were included in the CHARLS 2018 database, including 401 frail elderly, with a frailty rate of 26.4%. The participation rate of the elderly in social activities was 48.5%,and there were 439 elderly people with high level of social activity, accounting for 28.9% of the total. After adjusting for confounding factors, the risk of debilitation in the elderly with high level of social activity was 41.9%, lower than that in those with medium and low level of social activity (OR=0.581, 95%CI: 0.439-0.77).

Conclusion

The degree of social activity affects the frailty of the elderly, and the social activity of the elderly in China is generally low. The elderly should be encouraged to participate in social activities, and attention should be paid to the older and female elderly.

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目的

了解我国老年人衰弱与社交活跃度相关情况,研究影响老年人衰弱的影响因素,为老年人健康生活提供科学依据。

方法

以CHARLS2018数据库中43个健康相关变量为基础构建衰弱指数(FI)评估老年人衰弱情况,运用二元logistic回归探究社交活跃度对老年人衰弱的影响。

结果

共纳入CHARLS2018数据库中60岁及以上老年人1 519位,其中衰弱老年人401位,衰弱率26.4%。老年人社交活动参与率为48.5%,高水平社交活跃度的老年人有439位,占总体28.9%。调整混杂因素的影响后,高水平社交活跃度的老年人发生衰弱的风险比中低水平社交活跃度的老年人低41.9%(OR=0.581,95%CI:0.439~0.77)。

结论

社交活跃度影响老年人衰弱情况,且我国老年人社交活跃度普遍较低。应鼓励老年人多参与社交活动,同时对较为年长的老人以及女性老人给予更多关注。

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郝志梅,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=veEXtDbjYbgXfvnt9DT42A==, magXml=Un4/BLbBCYpi/6iWmJ+9dw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=0myUJHGWlqjBL4SEa6u/Jw==, pdfFileSize=554312, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=JKpuTP5pglqNX7sfH+nJfg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

刘超(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理

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刘超(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理

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刘超(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理

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The influence of social participation model on cognitive decline of the elderly in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Population Science, 2022(4): 103-114., articleTitle=The influence of social participation model on cognitive decline of the elderly in China, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241678306899194427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522927213007598, awardId=SD191012, language=CN, fundingSource=河北省高等学校人文社会科学研究重点项目(SD191012), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241678285915091258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522927213007598, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241678285919285563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522927213007598, companyId=1241678285915091258, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Economics and Management, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241678285927674173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522927213007598, companyId=1241678285915091258, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=华北理工大学经济管理学院,河北 唐山 063210)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241678297894023663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522927213007598, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of the elderly population (n=1 519)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组频度百分比(%)分组频度百分比(%)
性别婚姻状况
68945.4与配偶同住1 13374.6
83054.6离异/丧偶/未婚38625.4
年龄(岁)居住地
60~6451333.8农村1 20079.0
65~6945930.2城市31921.0
70~7423815.7工作情况
75~7915710.3未工作70046.1
≥8015210.0有工作81953.8
受教育程度收入情况
小学及以下1 16176.427117.8
初中/高中31520.71 24882.2
中专/大专以上432.8
), ArticleFig(id=1241678298179236342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522927213007598, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

老年人群基本情况(n=1 519)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组频度百分比(%)分组频度百分比(%)
性别婚姻状况
68945.4与配偶同住1 13374.6
83054.6离异/丧偶/未婚38625.4
年龄(岁)居住地
60~6451333.8农村1 20079.0
65~6945930.2城市31921.0
70~7423815.7工作情况
75~7915710.3未工作70046.1
≥8015210.0有工作81953.8
受教育程度收入情况
小学及以下1 16176.427117.8
初中/高中31520.71 24882.2
中专/大专以上432.8
), ArticleFig(id=1241678298762244607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522927213007598, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Composition of the social activity types

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
社交活动种类频度百分比(%)
1.串门、跟朋友交往44638.92
2.打麻将、下棋、去社区活动室25722.43
3.向与您不住在一起的亲人、朋友或邻居提供帮助16714.57
4.跳舞、健身、练气功等756.54
5.参加社团组织活动312.71
6.志愿者活动或者慈善活动151.31
7.照顾与您不住在一起的病人或残疾人322.79
8.上学或者参加培训课程30.26
9.炒股(基金及其他金融证券)60.52
10.上网978.46
11.其他社交活动171.48
总计1 146
), ArticleFig(id=1241678299290726921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522927213007598, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

社交活动种类构成情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
社交活动种类频度百分比(%)
1.串门、跟朋友交往44638.92
2.打麻将、下棋、去社区活动室25722.43
3.向与您不住在一起的亲人、朋友或邻居提供帮助16714.57
4.跳舞、健身、练气功等756.54
5.参加社团组织活动312.71
6.志愿者活动或者慈善活动151.31
7.照顾与您不住在一起的病人或残疾人322.79
8.上学或者参加培训课程30.26
9.炒股(基金及其他金融证券)60.52
10.上网978.46
11.其他社交活动171.48
总计1 146
), ArticleFig(id=1241678302906216976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522927213007598, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The relationship between personal characteristics, social activeness, and frailty in the elderly [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量无衰弱衰弱χ2P
性别12.2130.000
537(77.9)152(22.1)
581(70.0)249?(30.0)
年龄(岁)36.1980.000
60~64411(80.1)102(19.9)
65~69343(74.7)116(25.3)
70~74174(73.1)64(26.9)
75~79101(64.3)56(35.7)
≥8089(58.6)63(41.4)
受教育程度25.2150.000
小学及以下818(70.5)343(29.5)
初中、高中265(84.1)50(15.9)
中专、大专及以上35(81.4)8(18.6)
婚姻状况8.7310.003
与配偶同住856(75.6)277(24.4)
未婚、离异、丧偶262(67.9)124(32.1)
居住地0.0010.976
农村883(73.6)317(26.4)
城市235(73.7)84(26.3)
工作情况38.6050.000
无工作462(66.0)238(34.0)
有工作656(80.1)163(19.9)
收入情况0.0550.815
无收入201(74.2)70(25.8)
有收入917(73.5)331(26.5)
社交活跃度12.8270.000
中低水平767(71.0)313(29.0)
高水平351(80.0)88(20.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1241678303409533466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522927213007598, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

个体特征、社交活跃度与老年人衰弱的关系[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量无衰弱衰弱χ2P
性别12.2130.000
537(77.9)152(22.1)
581(70.0)249?(30.0)
年龄(岁)36.1980.000
60~64411(80.1)102(19.9)
65~69343(74.7)116(25.3)
70~74174(73.1)64(26.9)
75~79101(64.3)56(35.7)
≥8089(58.6)63(41.4)
受教育程度25.2150.000
小学及以下818(70.5)343(29.5)
初中、高中265(84.1)50(15.9)
中专、大专及以上35(81.4)8(18.6)
婚姻状况8.7310.003
与配偶同住856(75.6)277(24.4)
未婚、离异、丧偶262(67.9)124(32.1)
居住地0.0010.976
农村883(73.6)317(26.4)
城市235(73.7)84(26.3)
工作情况38.6050.000
无工作462(66.0)238(34.0)
有工作656(80.1)163(19.9)
收入情况0.0550.815
无收入201(74.2)70(25.8)
有收入917(73.5)331(26.5)
社交活跃度12.8270.000
中低水平767(71.0)313(29.0)
高水平351(80.0)88(20.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1241678303929627170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522927213007598, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Binary logistic regression results for the effect of social activeness on frailty in the elderly

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βWaldχ2SPOR95%CI
社交活跃度
中低水平1.000
高水平-0.54314.3620.1430.0000.5810.439~0.770
性别
1.000
-0.2864.9940.1280.0250.7510.585~0.965
年龄(岁)10.2860.036
60~641.000
65~690.1691.1070.1610.2931.1850.864~1.624
70~740.1870.9530.1920.3291.2060.828~1.757
75~790.5536.6740.2240.011.7381.143~2.643
≥800.5906.8530.2250.0091.8041.160~2.806
婚姻状况
未婚、离异、分居或丧偶1.000
与配偶同住-0.0940.4380.1420.5080.9100.689~1.202
受教育情况15.7520.000
小学及以下1.000
初中、高中-0.64712.8410.1810.0000.5240.368~0.746
中专、大专及以上-0.8083.8900.4100.0490.4460.200~0.995
工作情况
无工作1.000
有工作-0.70529.0610.1310.0000.4940.383~0.639
), ArticleFig(id=1241678306450403889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522927213007598, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

社交活跃度对老年人衰弱的影响二元logistic回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βWaldχ2SPOR95%CI
社交活跃度
中低水平1.000
高水平-0.54314.3620.1430.0000.5810.439~0.770
性别
1.000
-0.2864.9940.1280.0250.7510.585~0.965
年龄(岁)10.2860.036
60~641.000
65~690.1691.1070.1610.2931.1850.864~1.624
70~740.1870.9530.1920.3291.2060.828~1.757
75~790.5536.6740.2240.011.7381.143~2.643
≥800.5906.8530.2250.0091.8041.160~2.806
婚姻状况
未婚、离异、分居或丧偶1.000
与配偶同住-0.0940.4380.1420.5080.9100.689~1.202
受教育情况15.7520.000
小学及以下1.000
初中、高中-0.64712.8410.1810.0000.5240.368~0.746
中专、大专及以上-0.8083.8900.4100.0490.4460.200~0.995
工作情况
无工作1.000
有工作-0.70529.0610.1310.0000.4940.383~0.639
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老年人社交活跃度对衰弱的影响
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刘超 , 郝志梅
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(5): 899-903
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(5): 899-903
老年人社交活跃度对衰弱的影响
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刘超, 郝志梅
作者信息
  • 华北理工大学经济管理学院,河北 唐山 063210
  • 刘超(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理

通讯作者:

郝志梅,E-mail:
The influence of social activity on frailty in the elderly
Chao LIU, Zhi-mei HAO
Affiliations
  • Department of Economics and Management, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
出版时间: 2024-03-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308061
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目的

了解我国老年人衰弱与社交活跃度相关情况,研究影响老年人衰弱的影响因素,为老年人健康生活提供科学依据。

方法

以CHARLS2018数据库中43个健康相关变量为基础构建衰弱指数(FI)评估老年人衰弱情况,运用二元logistic回归探究社交活跃度对老年人衰弱的影响。

结果

共纳入CHARLS2018数据库中60岁及以上老年人1 519位,其中衰弱老年人401位,衰弱率26.4%。老年人社交活动参与率为48.5%,高水平社交活跃度的老年人有439位,占总体28.9%。调整混杂因素的影响后,高水平社交活跃度的老年人发生衰弱的风险比中低水平社交活跃度的老年人低41.9%(OR=0.581,95%CI:0.439~0.77)。

结论

社交活跃度影响老年人衰弱情况,且我国老年人社交活跃度普遍较低。应鼓励老年人多参与社交活动,同时对较为年长的老人以及女性老人给予更多关注。

社交活跃度  /  老年人  /  衰弱
Objective

To investigate the relationship between frailty and social activity of the elderly in China, and to study the influencing factors of frailty in the elderly, so as to provide scientific basis for the healthy life of the elderly.

Methods

Based on 43 health related variables in China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2018 database, the frailty index (FI) was constructed to evaluate the frailty of the elderly. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the effect of social activity on the frailty of the elderly.

Results

A total of 1 519 elderly people aged 60 and above were included in the CHARLS 2018 database, including 401 frail elderly, with a frailty rate of 26.4%. The participation rate of the elderly in social activities was 48.5%,and there were 439 elderly people with high level of social activity, accounting for 28.9% of the total. After adjusting for confounding factors, the risk of debilitation in the elderly with high level of social activity was 41.9%, lower than that in those with medium and low level of social activity (OR=0.581, 95%CI: 0.439-0.77).

Conclusion

The degree of social activity affects the frailty of the elderly, and the social activity of the elderly in China is generally low. The elderly should be encouraged to participate in social activities, and attention should be paid to the older and female elderly.

Social activity  /  The elderly  /  Frailty
刘超, 郝志梅. 老年人社交活跃度对衰弱的影响. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (5) : 899 -903 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308061
Chao LIU, Zhi-mei HAO. The influence of social activity on frailty in the elderly[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (5) : 899 -903 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308061
截至2022年末我国60岁及以上人口为28 004万,占全国人口的19.8%,其中65岁及以上20 978万人,占全国的14.9%,同时伴随第三次“婴儿潮”时期出生人口即将步入老年,我国未来老龄化程度将进一步加深[1]。老年人是社会和家庭的重要组成部分,但随着年龄的增长,老年人的身体机能、认知能力以及心理健康水平均会逐渐下降,医学上将这种状态称为衰弱(frailty)[2]。衰弱是老年人所经历的晚年生活中常常面临的难题之一,不仅会导致生活质量降低,还会降低抵抗疾病风险的能力。因此如何有效地应对老年人衰弱问题,成为了社会关注的焦点。近年来许多学者针对老年人衰弱问题在年龄、慢性病、社会参与等方面进行了探索和研究。其中,社交活动作为老年人生活中的重要组成部分,其对老年人衰弱的影响备受关注。但既往研究多将社交活动维度分为“有”和“无”不能充分反映社交活动的参与程度,且缺少社交活动的具体形式[3]。因此,本研究以“中国健康与养老追踪调查”(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS 2018)数据库为基础,通过社交活动的具体形式和参加每项社交活动相对频率构建社交活跃度(social activity),探讨社交活跃度对老年人衰弱的影响,为延缓老年人衰弱的发生以及促进老年人健康提供理论依据。
研究数据来源于CHARLS2018,共提取了问卷相关信息52项,其中基本信息7项,分别为性别、年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、居住地、工作情况以及收入情况,衰弱指数相关变量43项,社交活跃度2项。CHARLS2018总样本数为19 752个,本研究剔除了ID缺失(n=35)、年龄在60岁以下(n=8 956)、相关变量有缺失和异常值的样本(健康自评n=878,残疾情况n=1 315,慢性病情况n=6 147,视听能力n=5,移动能力n=3,日常活动能力n=862,认知能力缺失n=32),最终共纳入符合研究标准的老年人样本1 519例。
本文使用衰弱指数(frailty index,FI)对老年人衰弱情况进行评估。FI是指个体在某一个时点潜在的不健康测量指标占所有测量指标的比例[4]。它通过对老年人生理、社会、心理等多方面因素的评估,确定老年人身体功能衰退的程度,所选取的变量维度必须与健康方面相关,并需涵盖老年人身体中的一系列系统功能,有研究显示构成FI所选用的变量至少要达到30个以上[5]
本研究选取了问卷中身体机能、认知能力、心理健康水平三个维度,共纳入了43个变量来构建衰弱指数。身体机能包括健康自评(1个)、残疾情况(2个)、慢性病情况(14个)、视听能力(3个)、移动能力(3个)、肌肉能力(6个)和日常活动能力(12个)七个方面。其中日常活动能力方面分为基础性日常活动能力和工具性日常活动能力。认知能力维度采用简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评估受访者的认知状态和认知功能,心理健康水平采用抑郁量表(CESD)。衰弱状态评估采用缺陷积累的方法,得分越高说明相应的维度所处状态越差。身体机能、认知能力、心理健康水平所涉及的变量定义如下:身体机能维度中健康自评将未选择“好”及以上者、残疾问题选择“有”、慢性病选择“有”的纳入不健康变量。视听能力将未选择“好”及以上的纳入不健康变量。移动能力、肌肉能力、日常活动能力将选择“有困难”及以下的纳入不健康变量。MMSE量表最高30分,27~30分为正常,<27分为认知功能障碍,纳入不健康变量[6]。CESD量表每题得分为0~3分,总得分超过10分的纳入不健康变量[7]。衰弱指数的计算公式为FI=不健康的变量个数/纳入的变量总数,将FI≥0.25的老年人定义为衰弱老年人[8]
CHARLS问卷中设置了老年人是否进行过社交活动的相关问题,共包含“串门、跟朋友交往”“打麻将、下棋、去社区活动室”等11项社交活动。每项社交活动后询问该活动的活动频率,选项为“不经常、差不多每周和差不多每天”三种。通过社交活动的项目数以及各个社交活动所进行的频率综合构建社交活跃度指标。将每项社交活动选择“有”记为1分,选择“没有”记为0分;对相应的社交活动频率选择“不经常”记为1分,选择“差不多每周”记为2分,选择“差不多每天”记为3分。两个得分进行相乘得到每种社交活动的得分,再将11种社交活动得分进行相加得到总得分。把得分≤2的记为中低水平社交活跃度,将得分>2的记为高水平社交活跃度[9]
采用STATA 17进行数据库合并与样本筛选,使用SPSS 26进行数据分析。分类资料组间比较采用χ2检验,检验水准α=0.05,运用二元logistic回归模型评估社交活跃度与老年人衰弱的相关关系。
本次研究共纳入1 519位老年人。如表1所示,女性占比为54.6%,稍高于男性。年龄方面60~64岁和65~69岁两个阶段占比最多,分别为33.8%和30.2%,80岁以上老年人占比为10%。有76.4%的老年人只接受过小学教育或根本未接受过教育,仅有2.8%的老年人接受过中专、大专及以上的教育。当前大多数老年人与配偶同住,占比为74.6%。有79%的老年人居住在农村,还在工作(包括农业活动)的老年人占比为53.9%。有收入(包括退休金或养老金)的老年人占比为82.2%。
1 519名老年人中,衰弱老年人有401人,衰弱率为26.4%,无衰弱人数为1 118人(73.6%)。社交活跃度方面,得分≤2分即处于中低水平社交活跃度的老年人居多,占比为71.1%,社交活跃度得分>2分的高水平社交活跃度的老年人占比28.9%。社交活动种类构成如表2所示,老年人进行的社交活动主要集中在“串门、跟朋友交往”、“打麻将、下棋、去社区活动室”和“向与您不住在一起的亲人、朋友或邻居提供帮助”三种方式,占全部社交活动的76%,“差不多每天”的选择次数最多,为478次,其次是“不经常”选择次数为446次,“差不多每周”选择次数最少,为222次。
为了探讨个体特征及社交活跃度与老年人衰弱的关系,采用χ2分析比较衰弱与非衰弱老年人之间的性别、年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、居住地、工作情况、收入情况和社交活跃度差异。结果显示,除居住地和收入情况外,其余变量皆有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3
本研究采用二元logistic回归分析社交活跃度对老年人衰弱的影响,探讨老年人衰弱与社交活跃度的相关性。根据单因素分析结果,以社交活跃度为自变量,婚姻情况、受教育情况、性别、年龄和工作情况等人口学因素为控制变量,进行二元logistic回归分析结果表明,控制其他人口学因素后,高水平社交活跃度的老年人发生衰弱的风险比中低水平社交活跃度的老年人低41.9%(OR=0.581,95%CI:0.439~0.77)。见表4
本研究中我国老年人衰弱率为26.4%,与王世强等[10]基于2018年CHARLS数据研究的中国老年人衰弱率(23.59%)基本一致。纳入研究的1 519位老年人,高水平社交活跃度的老年人仅有439位,占总体的28.9%,进一步观察社交活跃度构成发现一个月内参与社交活动的老年人有737位,占总体的48.5%,其中有458位老年人仅参与了一项社交活动。老年人社交活动参与率及高水平社交活跃度方面与刘西国[11](47.47%)、刘海虹[12]等(26.88%)相关研究基本符合,这可能与构建社交活跃度的方法相同且研究对象均为全国老年人有关。以上研究说明我国老年人总体社交活跃度不高,且由此可以推断导致总体老年人社交活跃度较低的一个重要原因可能是老年人参与的社交活动形式单一。
本研究显示在多因素分析中以社交活跃度为自变量,控制其他人口学因素后,高水平社交活跃度的老年人发生衰弱的风险比中低水平社交活跃度的老年人低41.9%。说明社交活跃度对老年人衰弱的发生有一定影响。目前,对于社交活跃度与老年人衰弱的关系,目前尚不多见,但既往研究已经得出社交活动可以显著提升老年人健康水平,能够一定程度上影响老年人衰弱的发生[13]。此外又有学者发现提高老年人社交活跃度能有效提升老年人的身体机能和认知能力并降低抑郁风险[14]
本研究显示年龄方面,高龄老年人面临衰弱风险更大,75~79岁发生衰弱的概率是60~64岁年龄段的老年人的1.738倍,80岁以上的老年人发生衰弱的概率是60~69岁年龄段的老年人的1.804倍。这说明应更加注重75岁以上高龄老年人的身心情况。性别方面,男性老年人发生衰弱风险低于女性老年人,这可能与雄性激素有关,雄性激素对于骨骼和肌肉组织的生长和维护非常重要,通常情况下男性比女性有更高水平的雄性激素。此外,女性在更年期后,体内雌激素的水平下降可能会导致骨质疏松和肌肉萎缩,从而增加发生衰弱的风险[15]。受教育情况方面,老年人接受过的教育越高,他们发生衰弱的风险越低,这与郭凯林等人[16]的研究相一致。工作情况方面,现在进行工作的老年人所面临的衰弱风险要小于没有工作的老年人,这可能是因为有工作的老年人可以保持身体活动和运动,从而保持肌肉力量和灵活性,相反没有工作的老年人可能更容易感到孤独、无聊和消沉。这些负面的情感状态可能导致身体和心理健康的问题,并可能导致萎靡不振、缺乏行动力,从而降低了身体的活力和能量[17]
综上所述,社交活跃度是影响老年人衰弱的一个重要因素。对女性老年人和75岁以上的高龄老年人应给予更多关注,老年人进行适量工作能有效降低衰弱发生风险。本研究也存在一定的局限与不足,本文数据来源为2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据库,对于涉及的变量的缺失全部采取了删除处理,这可能会对结果造成一定的影响。此外,本研究是基于横断面数据探讨老年人衰弱的影响因素,可能会存在双向的因果关系。
  • 河北省高等学校人文社会科学研究重点项目(SD191012)
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2024年第51卷第5期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308061
  • 接收时间:2023-08-06
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-06
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河北省高等学校人文社会科学研究重点项目(SD191012)
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    华北理工大学经济管理学院,河北 唐山 063210

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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