Article(id=1241522923937264569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522919977841545, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202208305, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1692288000000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773931731447, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1710000000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773931731447, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773931731447, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931731447, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241522919977841545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='5', pageStart='769', pageEnd='960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773931730503, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931880386, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241523548695622547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522919977841545, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241523548695622548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522919977841545, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=859, endPage=864, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241522925157806091, articleId=1241522923937264569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Comparative analysis of factors affecting medical site selection of patients with chronic diseases of different ages, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze and compare the characteristics and influencing factors of seeking medical treatment for patients with chronic diseases of different ages in China.

Methods

The cross-sectional data of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2018 were used to select patients with chronic diseases as the study subjects (n=5 231), including 18-44 years old, 45-59 years old, 60-74 years old, and over 75 years old. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors.

Results

In urban areas, about 60% or more of patients with chronic diseases generally chose to go to the hospital for medical treatment. Multivariate regression analysis showed that patients aged 75 and above were more likely to go to the hospital than those aged 60 to 74 years old. In the subgroup analysis of young, middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic diseases, there were differences in the effects of education level, employment, and income level on the choice of location. In rural areas, about 50% of young, middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic diseases generally chose to seek treatment in primary health care institutions. Multivariate regression analysis showed that in rural areas, chronic patients aged 18-59 were more likely to go to hospital than those aged 60-74 (18-44: OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.00-2.24, 45-59: OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.05-1.70). In the subgroup analysis of young, middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic diseases, there were differences in gender, education level, marital status, region, income level, health status, depression status and other factors, while the influence of work status on site selection was similar.

Conclusion

In urban and rural areas, the factors affecting the location choice of chronic diseases of different ages vary. It is suggested to improve the understanding and trust of middle-aged and young people to primary medical institutions, and the advantages of primary medical institutions in providing comprehensive and continuous chronic disease management services should be further consolidated.

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目的

分析和比较我国不同年龄慢性病患者就医地点的特征及其影响因素。

方法

本研究使用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2018年的横截面数据,筛选慢性病患者作为研究样本(n=5 231),包括18~44岁青年、45~59岁中年、60~74岁年轻老人和75岁及以上高龄老人,采用logistic回归进行影响因素分析。

结果

在城镇地区,约60%或以上的慢性病患者一般会选择到医院就医;多因素回归分析表明,与60~74岁的慢性病患者相比,75岁及以上的慢性病患者去医院就医的可能性更高,青年、中年和老年慢性病患者亚组分析中,学历水平、就业情况和收入水平对就诊地点选择的影响存在差异。在农村地区,约50%的青年、中年和老年慢性病患者一般会选择到基层医疗机构就医;多因素回归分析显示,在农村地区,与60~74岁的老年慢性病患者相比,18~59岁的慢性病患者去医院就医的可能性更高(18~44岁:OR=1.50,95%CI:1.00~2.24;45~59岁:OR=1.33,95%CI:1.05~1.70),青年、中年和老年慢性病患者亚组分析中,性别、学历水平、婚姻状态、地域、收入水平、健康状态、抑郁状态等因素对就诊地点选择的影响存在差异,而工作状态对就诊地点选择的影响是相似的。

结论

在城镇和农村,不同年龄慢性病人群在就诊地点选择的影响因素上有所不同,建议提高中、青年人群对基层医疗机构的了解程度和信任度,同时,应进一步巩固基层医疗机构在提供综合性、连续性慢性病管理服务方面的优势。

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祝贺,E-mail:
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苏明阳(1997—),男,硕士,助理经济师,研究方向:卫生政策

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苏明阳(1997—),男,硕士,助理经济师,研究方向:卫生政策

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苏明阳(1997—),男,硕士,助理经济师,研究方向:卫生政策

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Chinese General Practice, 2020, 23(25): 3154-3159., articleTitle=Choice of medical treatment institutions and its influencing factors for patients with multiple chronic diseases: a study based on Anderson's model, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241678323017896403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923937264569, awardId=BMU2020YJ001, language=CN, fundingSource=中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(BMU2020YJ001), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241678292567248997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923937264569, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241678292575637608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923937264569, companyId=1241678292567248997, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241678292584026217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923937264569, companyId=1241678292567248997, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.航天中心医院,北京 100049)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241678292965707896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923937264569, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241678292969902201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923937264569, companyId=1241678292965707896, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.北京大学中国卫生发展研究中心,北京 100191)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241678310980243807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923937264569, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=The distribution of medical treatment selection for chronic disease patients of different ages in urban and rural areas, figureFileSmall=SrqYjoKmZhc5n5xR6f48sw==, figureFileBig=NV3uuzCpT+eUtyF+qKra2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241678311647138156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923937264569, language=CN, label=图1, caption=城乡不同年龄慢性病患者就医地点选择的分布, figureFileSmall=SrqYjoKmZhc5n5xR6f48sw==, figureFileBig=NV3uuzCpT+eUtyF+qKra2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241678312066568573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923937264569, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic description and classification of variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名问题变量内涵
因变量
就医地点您若找医生看病一般去哪儿?医院=0,基层医疗机构=1
自变量
年龄(岁)年龄18~44=1,45~59=2,60~74=3,≥75=4
性别性别女性=0,男性=1
学历2018年受访者已完成的最高学历?文盲/半文盲/小学=1,初中=2,高中及以上=3
婚姻状态请问您当前的婚姻状态是?未婚/离婚/丧偶=0,在婚/同居=1
工作状态当前工作状态?失业及退出劳动力市场=0,在业=1
城乡状态基于国家统计局资料的城乡分类农村=0,城镇=1
地域2018年省国标码东部地区=1,中部地区=2,西部地区=3
家庭年收入(元)家庭过去12个月总收入?0~20 000=1,20 001~50 000=2,50 001~100 000=3,100 000以上=4
医疗保险您享有哪些医疗保险?无医疗保险=0,有医疗保险=1
自评健康状态您认为自己的健康状况如何?非常健康/很健康/比较健康=1,一般=2,不健康=3
抑郁状态(分)CESD-80~7=0无抑郁症状,8~24=1有抑郁症状[10-11]
), ArticleFig(id=1241678316801937809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923937264569, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究变量基本描述和分类

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名问题变量内涵
因变量
就医地点您若找医生看病一般去哪儿?医院=0,基层医疗机构=1
自变量
年龄(岁)年龄18~44=1,45~59=2,60~74=3,≥75=4
性别性别女性=0,男性=1
学历2018年受访者已完成的最高学历?文盲/半文盲/小学=1,初中=2,高中及以上=3
婚姻状态请问您当前的婚姻状态是?未婚/离婚/丧偶=0,在婚/同居=1
工作状态当前工作状态?失业及退出劳动力市场=0,在业=1
城乡状态基于国家统计局资料的城乡分类农村=0,城镇=1
地域2018年省国标码东部地区=1,中部地区=2,西部地区=3
家庭年收入(元)家庭过去12个月总收入?0~20 000=1,20 001~50 000=2,50 001~100 000=3,100 000以上=4
医疗保险您享有哪些医疗保险?无医疗保险=0,有医疗保险=1
自评健康状态您认为自己的健康状况如何?非常健康/很健康/比较健康=1,一般=2,不健康=3
抑郁状态(分)CESD-80~7=0无抑郁症状,8~24=1有抑郁症状[10-11]
), ArticleFig(id=1241678319574372764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923937264569, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sample feature description [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本特征总体城镇农村
总计5 231(100)2 519(100)2 712(100)
年龄(岁)
18~44848(20.55)465(23.95)383(16.05)
45~591 816(35.38)826(36.26)990(34.22)
60~742 107(36.13)977(31.73)1 130(41.96)
≥75460(7.93)251(8.06)209(7.76)
性别
男性2 354(46.56)1 128(47.17)1 226(45.75)
女性2 877(53.44)1 391(52.83)1 486(54.25)
学历水平
文盲、半文盲及小学3 024(52.09)1 105(40.83)1 919(66.98)
初中1 266(24.93)716(26.53)550(22.80)
高中及以上941(22.99)698(32.64)243(10.22)
婚姻状态
未婚/离婚/丧偶783(17.39)405(18.58)378(15.82)
在婚/同居4 448(82.61)2 114(81.42)2 334(84.18)
工作状态
失业/退出劳动力市场1 912(36.10)1 217(42.86)695(27.15)
在业3 319(63.90)1 302(57.14)2 017(72.85)
地域
东部地区2 074(38.85)1 261(41.78)813(34.98)
中部地区1 521(35.89)727(37.36)794(33.94)
西部地区1 636(25.26)531(20.86)1 105(31.08)
家庭年收入水平(元)
≤20 0001 443(25.73)377(14.85)1 066(40.13)
20 001~50 0001 678(30.75)684(27.43)994(35.15)
50 001~100 0001 332(27.45)848(34.80)484(17.72)
>100 000778(16.06)610(22.92)168(6.99)
医疗保险
无医疗保险321(5.40)184(5.92)137(4.72)
有医疗保险4 910(94.60)2 335(94.08)2 575(95.28)
自评健康状态
非常健康/很健康/比较健康2 097(42.92)1 095(45.10)1 002(40.03)
一般885(16.27)477(17.23)408(15.01)
不健康2 249(40.81)947(37.67)1 302(44.96)
抑郁状态
无抑郁症状3 027(58.50)1 629(62.20)1 398(53.61)
有抑郁症状2 204(41.50)890(37.80)1 314(46.39)
就医地点
医院2 592(53.19)1 540(62.55)1 099(40.81)
基层医疗机构2 639(46.81)979(37.45)1 613(59.19)
), ArticleFig(id=1241678319897334182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923937264569, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

样本特征描述[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本特征总体城镇农村
总计5 231(100)2 519(100)2 712(100)
年龄(岁)
18~44848(20.55)465(23.95)383(16.05)
45~591 816(35.38)826(36.26)990(34.22)
60~742 107(36.13)977(31.73)1 130(41.96)
≥75460(7.93)251(8.06)209(7.76)
性别
男性2 354(46.56)1 128(47.17)1 226(45.75)
女性2 877(53.44)1 391(52.83)1 486(54.25)
学历水平
文盲、半文盲及小学3 024(52.09)1 105(40.83)1 919(66.98)
初中1 266(24.93)716(26.53)550(22.80)
高中及以上941(22.99)698(32.64)243(10.22)
婚姻状态
未婚/离婚/丧偶783(17.39)405(18.58)378(15.82)
在婚/同居4 448(82.61)2 114(81.42)2 334(84.18)
工作状态
失业/退出劳动力市场1 912(36.10)1 217(42.86)695(27.15)
在业3 319(63.90)1 302(57.14)2 017(72.85)
地域
东部地区2 074(38.85)1 261(41.78)813(34.98)
中部地区1 521(35.89)727(37.36)794(33.94)
西部地区1 636(25.26)531(20.86)1 105(31.08)
家庭年收入水平(元)
≤20 0001 443(25.73)377(14.85)1 066(40.13)
20 001~50 0001 678(30.75)684(27.43)994(35.15)
50 001~100 0001 332(27.45)848(34.80)484(17.72)
>100 000778(16.06)610(22.92)168(6.99)
医疗保险
无医疗保险321(5.40)184(5.92)137(4.72)
有医疗保险4 910(94.60)2 335(94.08)2 575(95.28)
自评健康状态
非常健康/很健康/比较健康2 097(42.92)1 095(45.10)1 002(40.03)
一般885(16.27)477(17.23)408(15.01)
不健康2 249(40.81)947(37.67)1 302(44.96)
抑郁状态
无抑郁症状3 027(58.50)1 629(62.20)1 398(53.61)
有抑郁症状2 204(41.50)890(37.80)1 314(46.39)
就医地点
医院2 592(53.19)1 540(62.55)1 099(40.81)
基层医疗机构2 639(46.81)979(37.45)1 613(59.19)
), ArticleFig(id=1241678320316764587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923937264569, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of influencing factors for medical treatment selection of chronic disease patients of different ages in urban areas

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本特征城镇总体
n=2 519)
18~44岁
n=465)
45~59岁
n=826)
60~74岁
n=977)
≥75岁
n=251)
Unadjusted~OR
(95%CI)
AOR (95%CI)AOR (95%CI)AOR (95%CI)AOR (95%CI)AOR (95%CI)
年龄(岁,60~74)
18~441.11(0.80~1.53)1.09(0.73~1.64)
45~590.89(0.69~1.15)1.07(0.79~1.45)
≥751.65(1.07~2.54)*1.73(1.15~2.62)*
性别(vs.男性)
女性1.03(0.79~1.34)1.03(0.76~1.39)0.97(0.49~1.92)1.14(0.77~1.68)0.86(0.60~1.23)1.28(0.35~4.69)
学历水平(vs.文盲/半文盲/小学)
初中1.19(0.92~1.54)1.27(0.94~1.71)3.11(1.23~7.87)*1.09(0.66~1.80)1.18(0.77~1.83)5.25(1.55~17.72)*
高中及以上2.82(2.14~3.70)*2.88(1.97~4.21)*10.49(3.60~30.60)*2.58(1.47~4.51)*1.32(0.75~2.33)2.74(0.61~12.23)
婚姻状态(vs.未婚/离婚/丧偶)
在婚/同居0.86(0.63~1.16)1.04(0.76~1.42)0.97(0.45~2.07)0.97(0.49~1.92)1.12(0.65~1.92)2.29(0.70~7.52)
工作状态(vs.失业/退出劳动力市场)
在业0.53(0.41~0.69)*0.47(0.34~0.65)*0.43(0.17~1.05)0.53(0.34~0.82)*0.43(0.29~0.65)*0.14(0.03~0.60)*
地域(vs.东部地区)
中部地区1.35(0.91~2.01)1.52(1.07~2.16)*2.22(1.07~4.61)*1.38(0.87~2.18)1.28(0.83~1.95)1.74(0.55~5.45)
西部地区0.67(0.44~1.04)0.73(0.47~1.13)1.17(0.55~2.50)0.67(0.30~1.51)0.58(0.31~1.10)0.23(0.07~0.78)*
家庭年收入水平(元,vs.≤20 000)
20 001~50 0001.53(1.05~2.22)*1.40(0.96~2.05)0.77(0.22~2.65)1.65(0.96~2.84)1.54(0.86~2.78)0.68(0.21~2.18)
50 001~100 0002.19(1.51~3.18)*1.95(1.31~2.89)*0.86(0.24~3.09)1.48(0.87~2.52)3.18(1.73~5.84)*2.15(0.50~9.33)
>100 0003.16(2.24~4.47)*2.42(1.60~3.65)*1.34(0.35~5.18)3.10(1.67~5.75)*1.77(0.92~3.40)1.34(0.35~5.11)
医疗保险(vs.无医疗保险)
有医疗保险0.96(0.63~1.47)1.01(0.64~1.59)0.59(0.24~1.47)1.28(0.55~2.98)0.73(0.35~1.53)3.25(0.95~11.06)
自评健康(vs.非常健康/很健康/比较健康)
一般0.76(0.55~1.06)0.80(0.56~1.13)0.56(0.24~1.28)0.98(0.55~1.75)0.73(0.47~1.13)1.57(0.40~6.10)
不健康1.09(0.80~1.48)1.39(0.99~1.96)1.03(0.54~1.97)1.40(0.80~2.45)1.46(0.80~2.66)6.90(1.98~24.13)*
抑郁状态(vs.无抑郁症状)
有抑郁症状0.81(0.61~1.08)0.81(0.61~1.08)0.85(0.42~1.70)0.90(0.56~1.43)0.79(0.50~1.25)0.24(0.08~0.73)*
), ArticleFig(id=1241678320786526643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923937264569, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

城镇不同年龄慢性病患者就医地点影响因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本特征城镇总体
n=2 519)
18~44岁
n=465)
45~59岁
n=826)
60~74岁
n=977)
≥75岁
n=251)
Unadjusted~OR
(95%CI)
AOR (95%CI)AOR (95%CI)AOR (95%CI)AOR (95%CI)AOR (95%CI)
年龄(岁,60~74)
18~441.11(0.80~1.53)1.09(0.73~1.64)
45~590.89(0.69~1.15)1.07(0.79~1.45)
≥751.65(1.07~2.54)*1.73(1.15~2.62)*
性别(vs.男性)
女性1.03(0.79~1.34)1.03(0.76~1.39)0.97(0.49~1.92)1.14(0.77~1.68)0.86(0.60~1.23)1.28(0.35~4.69)
学历水平(vs.文盲/半文盲/小学)
初中1.19(0.92~1.54)1.27(0.94~1.71)3.11(1.23~7.87)*1.09(0.66~1.80)1.18(0.77~1.83)5.25(1.55~17.72)*
高中及以上2.82(2.14~3.70)*2.88(1.97~4.21)*10.49(3.60~30.60)*2.58(1.47~4.51)*1.32(0.75~2.33)2.74(0.61~12.23)
婚姻状态(vs.未婚/离婚/丧偶)
在婚/同居0.86(0.63~1.16)1.04(0.76~1.42)0.97(0.45~2.07)0.97(0.49~1.92)1.12(0.65~1.92)2.29(0.70~7.52)
工作状态(vs.失业/退出劳动力市场)
在业0.53(0.41~0.69)*0.47(0.34~0.65)*0.43(0.17~1.05)0.53(0.34~0.82)*0.43(0.29~0.65)*0.14(0.03~0.60)*
地域(vs.东部地区)
中部地区1.35(0.91~2.01)1.52(1.07~2.16)*2.22(1.07~4.61)*1.38(0.87~2.18)1.28(0.83~1.95)1.74(0.55~5.45)
西部地区0.67(0.44~1.04)0.73(0.47~1.13)1.17(0.55~2.50)0.67(0.30~1.51)0.58(0.31~1.10)0.23(0.07~0.78)*
家庭年收入水平(元,vs.≤20 000)
20 001~50 0001.53(1.05~2.22)*1.40(0.96~2.05)0.77(0.22~2.65)1.65(0.96~2.84)1.54(0.86~2.78)0.68(0.21~2.18)
50 001~100 0002.19(1.51~3.18)*1.95(1.31~2.89)*0.86(0.24~3.09)1.48(0.87~2.52)3.18(1.73~5.84)*2.15(0.50~9.33)
>100 0003.16(2.24~4.47)*2.42(1.60~3.65)*1.34(0.35~5.18)3.10(1.67~5.75)*1.77(0.92~3.40)1.34(0.35~5.11)
医疗保险(vs.无医疗保险)
有医疗保险0.96(0.63~1.47)1.01(0.64~1.59)0.59(0.24~1.47)1.28(0.55~2.98)0.73(0.35~1.53)3.25(0.95~11.06)
自评健康(vs.非常健康/很健康/比较健康)
一般0.76(0.55~1.06)0.80(0.56~1.13)0.56(0.24~1.28)0.98(0.55~1.75)0.73(0.47~1.13)1.57(0.40~6.10)
不健康1.09(0.80~1.48)1.39(0.99~1.96)1.03(0.54~1.97)1.40(0.80~2.45)1.46(0.80~2.66)6.90(1.98~24.13)*
抑郁状态(vs.无抑郁症状)
有抑郁症状0.81(0.61~1.08)0.81(0.61~1.08)0.85(0.42~1.70)0.90(0.56~1.43)0.79(0.50~1.25)0.24(0.08~0.73)*
), ArticleFig(id=1241678321549889981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923937264569, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of influencing factors for medical treatment selection of chronic disease patients of different ages in rural areas

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本特征农村总体
n=2 712)
18~44岁
n=383)
45~59岁
n=990)
60~74岁
n=1 130)
≥75岁
n=209)
Unadjusted~OR(95%CI)AOR (95%CI)AOR (95%CI)AOR (95%CI)AOR (95%CI)AOR (95%CI)
年龄(岁,60~74)
18~441.43(0.99~2.07)1.50(1.00~2.24)*
45~591.19(0.97~1.46)1.33(1.05~1.70)*
75岁及以上1.36(0.90~2.05)1.21(0.76~1.91)
性别(vs.男性)
女性1.28(1.02~1.61)*1.28(1.01~1.62)*2.07(1.24~3.45)*1.19(0.84~1.70)1.22(0.85~1.75)0.90(0.42~1.94)
学历水平(vs.文盲/半文盲/小学)
初中1.03(0.81~1.32)1.13(0.86~1.49)1.25(0.68~2.32)1.25(0.82~1.91)1.08(0.64~1.83)0.16(0.04~0.74)*
高中及以上1.95(1.40~2.72)*2.27(1.62~3.16)*4.85(2.05~11.49)*1.96(1.04~3.70)*1.53(0.97~2.43)0.31(0.06~1.52)
婚姻状态(vs.未婚/离婚/丧偶)
在婚/同居1.12(0.74~1.68)1.29(0.90~1.86)0.41(0.18~0.95)*1.10(0.58~2.07)2.22(1.29~3.82)*2.30(0.97~5.49)
工作状态(vs.失业/退出劳动力市场)
在业0.50(0.39~0.64)*0.46(0.35~0.60)*0.41(0.18~0.94)*0.46(0.29~0.72)*0.40(0.29~0.55)*0.62(0.27~1.39)
地域(vs.东部地区)
中部地区1.09(0.77~1.55)1.09(0.78~1.51)1.04(0.48~2.22)1.54(1.00~2.38)0.90(0.59~1.36)0.43(0.13~1.44)
西部地区1.42(1.02~1.98)*1.47(1.04~2.08)*2.51(1.18~5.34)*2.01(1.29~3.12)*1.01(0.61~1.69)0.44(0.14~1.38)
家庭年收入水平(元,vs.≤20 000)
20 001~50 0001.11(0.84~1.46)1.10(0.83~1.45)0.74(0.38~1.41)1.06(0.70~1.60)1.46(0.93~2.30)1.20(0.44~3.25)
50 001~100 0001.23(0.88~1.73)1.08(0.77~1.51)0.98(0.43~2.19)1.15(0.65~2.04)0.92(0.56~1.52)0.74(0.23~2.41)
>100 0001.46(0.85~2.51)1.44(0.87~2.39)1.32(0.46~3.81)2.14(1.02~4.49)*1.21(0.49~2.98)1.09(0.25~4.72)
医疗保险(vs.无医疗保险)
有医疗保险0.86(0.54~1.37)0.85(0.51~1.43)1.00(0.24~4.21)1.46(0.46~4.68)0.71(0.38~1.32)1.09(0.21~5.75)
自评健康(vs.非常健康/很健康/比较健康)
一般0.81(0.57~1.13)0.81(0.58~1.15)1.13(0.45~2.88)0.76(0.46~1.27)0.96(0.54~1.72)0.56(0.17~1.84)
不健康1.47(1.20~1.81)*1.55(1.24~1.93)*1.99(0.90~4.42)1.80(1.26~2.57)*1.43(0.98~2.08)0.67(0.32~1.42)
抑郁状态(vs.无抑郁症状)
有抑郁症状0.92(0.74~1.15)0.80(0.64~1.01)0.54(0.30~0.97)*0.87(0.60~1.25)0.87(0.62~1.21)0.78(0.32~1.88)
), ArticleFig(id=1241678321981903303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923937264569, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

农村不同年龄慢性病患者就医地点影响因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本特征农村总体
n=2 712)
18~44岁
n=383)
45~59岁
n=990)
60~74岁
n=1 130)
≥75岁
n=209)
Unadjusted~OR(95%CI)AOR (95%CI)AOR (95%CI)AOR (95%CI)AOR (95%CI)AOR (95%CI)
年龄(岁,60~74)
18~441.43(0.99~2.07)1.50(1.00~2.24)*
45~591.19(0.97~1.46)1.33(1.05~1.70)*
75岁及以上1.36(0.90~2.05)1.21(0.76~1.91)
性别(vs.男性)
女性1.28(1.02~1.61)*1.28(1.01~1.62)*2.07(1.24~3.45)*1.19(0.84~1.70)1.22(0.85~1.75)0.90(0.42~1.94)
学历水平(vs.文盲/半文盲/小学)
初中1.03(0.81~1.32)1.13(0.86~1.49)1.25(0.68~2.32)1.25(0.82~1.91)1.08(0.64~1.83)0.16(0.04~0.74)*
高中及以上1.95(1.40~2.72)*2.27(1.62~3.16)*4.85(2.05~11.49)*1.96(1.04~3.70)*1.53(0.97~2.43)0.31(0.06~1.52)
婚姻状态(vs.未婚/离婚/丧偶)
在婚/同居1.12(0.74~1.68)1.29(0.90~1.86)0.41(0.18~0.95)*1.10(0.58~2.07)2.22(1.29~3.82)*2.30(0.97~5.49)
工作状态(vs.失业/退出劳动力市场)
在业0.50(0.39~0.64)*0.46(0.35~0.60)*0.41(0.18~0.94)*0.46(0.29~0.72)*0.40(0.29~0.55)*0.62(0.27~1.39)
地域(vs.东部地区)
中部地区1.09(0.77~1.55)1.09(0.78~1.51)1.04(0.48~2.22)1.54(1.00~2.38)0.90(0.59~1.36)0.43(0.13~1.44)
西部地区1.42(1.02~1.98)*1.47(1.04~2.08)*2.51(1.18~5.34)*2.01(1.29~3.12)*1.01(0.61~1.69)0.44(0.14~1.38)
家庭年收入水平(元,vs.≤20 000)
20 001~50 0001.11(0.84~1.46)1.10(0.83~1.45)0.74(0.38~1.41)1.06(0.70~1.60)1.46(0.93~2.30)1.20(0.44~3.25)
50 001~100 0001.23(0.88~1.73)1.08(0.77~1.51)0.98(0.43~2.19)1.15(0.65~2.04)0.92(0.56~1.52)0.74(0.23~2.41)
>100 0001.46(0.85~2.51)1.44(0.87~2.39)1.32(0.46~3.81)2.14(1.02~4.49)*1.21(0.49~2.98)1.09(0.25~4.72)
医疗保险(vs.无医疗保险)
有医疗保险0.86(0.54~1.37)0.85(0.51~1.43)1.00(0.24~4.21)1.46(0.46~4.68)0.71(0.38~1.32)1.09(0.21~5.75)
自评健康(vs.非常健康/很健康/比较健康)
一般0.81(0.57~1.13)0.81(0.58~1.15)1.13(0.45~2.88)0.76(0.46~1.27)0.96(0.54~1.72)0.56(0.17~1.84)
不健康1.47(1.20~1.81)*1.55(1.24~1.93)*1.99(0.90~4.42)1.80(1.26~2.57)*1.43(0.98~2.08)0.67(0.32~1.42)
抑郁状态(vs.无抑郁症状)
有抑郁症状0.92(0.74~1.15)0.80(0.64~1.01)0.54(0.30~0.97)*0.87(0.60~1.25)0.87(0.62~1.21)0.78(0.32~1.88)
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不同年龄慢性病患者就诊地点选择影响因素的比较分析
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苏明阳 1 , 祝贺 2
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024,51(5): 859-864
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现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024, 51(5): 859-864
不同年龄慢性病患者就诊地点选择影响因素的比较分析
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苏明阳1, 祝贺2
作者信息
  • 1.航天中心医院,北京 100049
  • 2.北京大学中国卫生发展研究中心,北京 100191
  • 苏明阳(1997—),男,硕士,助理经济师,研究方向:卫生政策

通讯作者:

祝贺,E-mail:
Comparative analysis of factors affecting medical site selection of patients with chronic diseases of different ages
Ming-yang SU1, He ZHU2
Affiliations
  • Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
出版时间: 2024-03-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202208305
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目的

分析和比较我国不同年龄慢性病患者就医地点的特征及其影响因素。

方法

本研究使用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2018年的横截面数据,筛选慢性病患者作为研究样本(n=5 231),包括18~44岁青年、45~59岁中年、60~74岁年轻老人和75岁及以上高龄老人,采用logistic回归进行影响因素分析。

结果

在城镇地区,约60%或以上的慢性病患者一般会选择到医院就医;多因素回归分析表明,与60~74岁的慢性病患者相比,75岁及以上的慢性病患者去医院就医的可能性更高,青年、中年和老年慢性病患者亚组分析中,学历水平、就业情况和收入水平对就诊地点选择的影响存在差异。在农村地区,约50%的青年、中年和老年慢性病患者一般会选择到基层医疗机构就医;多因素回归分析显示,在农村地区,与60~74岁的老年慢性病患者相比,18~59岁的慢性病患者去医院就医的可能性更高(18~44岁:OR=1.50,95%CI:1.00~2.24;45~59岁:OR=1.33,95%CI:1.05~1.70),青年、中年和老年慢性病患者亚组分析中,性别、学历水平、婚姻状态、地域、收入水平、健康状态、抑郁状态等因素对就诊地点选择的影响存在差异,而工作状态对就诊地点选择的影响是相似的。

结论

在城镇和农村,不同年龄慢性病人群在就诊地点选择的影响因素上有所不同,建议提高中、青年人群对基层医疗机构的了解程度和信任度,同时,应进一步巩固基层医疗机构在提供综合性、连续性慢性病管理服务方面的优势。

青年人  /  中年人  /  老年人  /  慢性病  /  就诊地点
Objective

To analyze and compare the characteristics and influencing factors of seeking medical treatment for patients with chronic diseases of different ages in China.

Methods

The cross-sectional data of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2018 were used to select patients with chronic diseases as the study subjects (n=5 231), including 18-44 years old, 45-59 years old, 60-74 years old, and over 75 years old. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors.

Results

In urban areas, about 60% or more of patients with chronic diseases generally chose to go to the hospital for medical treatment. Multivariate regression analysis showed that patients aged 75 and above were more likely to go to the hospital than those aged 60 to 74 years old. In the subgroup analysis of young, middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic diseases, there were differences in the effects of education level, employment, and income level on the choice of location. In rural areas, about 50% of young, middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic diseases generally chose to seek treatment in primary health care institutions. Multivariate regression analysis showed that in rural areas, chronic patients aged 18-59 were more likely to go to hospital than those aged 60-74 (18-44: OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.00-2.24, 45-59: OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.05-1.70). In the subgroup analysis of young, middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic diseases, there were differences in gender, education level, marital status, region, income level, health status, depression status and other factors, while the influence of work status on site selection was similar.

Conclusion

In urban and rural areas, the factors affecting the location choice of chronic diseases of different ages vary. It is suggested to improve the understanding and trust of middle-aged and young people to primary medical institutions, and the advantages of primary medical institutions in providing comprehensive and continuous chronic disease management services should be further consolidated.

Young people  /  Middle-aged people  /  Elderly people  /  Chronic diseases  /  Place of medical treatment
苏明阳, 祝贺. 不同年龄慢性病患者就诊地点选择影响因素的比较分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (5) : 859 -864 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202208305
Ming-yang SU, He ZHU. Comparative analysis of factors affecting medical site selection of patients with chronic diseases of different ages[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (5) : 859 -864 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202208305
慢性病通常被认为是老年人患病的主要类型之一,近些年慢性病的发病呈现年轻化趋势,对健康的威胁日益加重[1]。第六次国家卫生服务调查显示,2018年,我国15~24岁、25~34岁、35~44岁、45~54岁、55~64岁和65岁以上人群的慢性病患病率与10年前相比均有所增长[2]。与对老年人的影响相同,慢性病会影响青年和中年人的健康水平,降低患者的生活质量,增加医疗资源消耗和患者的经济负担,甚至提高居民的早期死亡率[3]。目前,我国针对青年和中年人慢性病患者研究相对较少,已有少量研究多是利用部分地区数据汇报慢性病患病率及其患病影响因素[4-5],特别是与老年慢性病人群相比,针对已经患有慢性病的青年和中年人就医模式的研究是极为缺乏的,需要更多的研究关注青年和中年慢性病患病人群及其就医模式,扩展实证依据,以更好提出针对这一群体慢性病管理有效的干预策略。
本研究拟选取具有全国代表性的数据,研究以下问题:一是了解我国青年、中年和老年慢性病患者常用的就医地点的特征;二是对青年、中年和老年慢性病患者就医地点选择的影响因素进行比较分析。
本研究数据来源于中国家庭追踪调查(China Family Panel Studies,CFPS)2018年的全国横断面数据。CFPS是一项全国性、综合性的社会追踪调查项目,旨在通过追踪收集个体、家庭、社区三个层次的数据,反映中国社会、经济、人口、教育和健康的变迁,为学术和政策研究提供数据基础[6]
本研究的研究对象为18岁以上慢性病患者。WHO对人群年龄的分类标准是:44岁及以下为青年人,45~59岁为中年人,60~74岁为年轻老年人,75~89岁为老年人,90岁及以上为长寿老人[7]。考虑到75岁以上老年人群卧床或行动不便的可能性增大而对就医地点可能产生的影响,本研究将样本人群分为青年(18~44岁)、中年(45~59岁)、年轻老人(60~74岁)和高龄老人(75岁及以上)4组。慢性病的识别根据问题“过去六个月内,您是否患过经医生诊断的慢性疾病”进行判断。
2018年CFPS数据共调查37 354名居民,依次剔除研究相关变量的缺失值和不适用值:(1)排除18岁以下居民5 194人;(2)排除不患有慢性病和患病情况不明的居民26 351人;(3)排除个人横截面权数、年龄、性别、慢性病患病情况、两周就医情况、就医地点等变量缺失或不适用的人群578人。最终筛选出目标人群5 231人。
本研究的因变量是居民就医地点,原问题选项具体包括综合医院、专科医院、社区卫生服务中心/乡镇卫生院、社区卫生服务站/村卫生室、诊所5类。为便于体现城乡不同年龄段的慢性病患者就医地点的偏好,本研究将就医地点重新定义为两类:医院(综合医院或专科医院)和基层医疗机构(社区卫生服务中心、乡镇卫生院、社区卫生服务站、村卫生室或诊所)。
基于既往相关研究和研究数据的可及性,本研究的自变量包括年龄、性别、学历水平、婚姻状态、工作状态、城乡状态、地域、家庭收入水平、医疗保险、自评健康和抑郁状态[8-9],每个变量在CFPS问卷中所对应的具体问题和内涵见表1
考虑到城乡在医疗服务的可及性上存在差异,本研究将分别对城镇和农村样本进行分析。首先,对总研究样本及城镇、农村样本进行描述性分析;其次,分别对城镇和农村不同年龄段慢性病患者的常用就医地点的分布进行描述性分析;最后,采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分别分析城镇和农村慢性病患者就医地点的影响因素,并对不同年龄亚组进行比较。本研究所有统计学分析均使用Stata 16.0软件完成,所有百分比和回归分析均为加权后的结果,样本数量为非加权的结果,检验水准α=0.05。
本研究样本中,20.55%为青年,35.38%为中年,36.13%为年轻老人,7.93%为高龄老人。其中,大多数慢性病患者为女性、初中及以上教育水平、在婚或同居、在业、东部地区、家庭年收入在5万元以下、有医疗保险、自评非常健康或很健康或比较健康以及无抑郁症状。见表2
总体来看,53.19%的慢性病患者选择到医院就医,46.81%选择到基层医疗机构就医,见表2。在城镇地区,4组慢性病患者中,一半以上选择到医院就医,见图1。在农村地区,4组慢性病患者中,一半以上选择到基层医疗机构就医。
在城镇地区,回归分析结果表明,与60~74岁的慢性病患者相比,75岁以上的慢性病患者更可能到医院就医[多因素:AOR (95%CI)=1.73(1.15~2.62)]。多因素回归分析结果还表明,总体城镇慢性病患者样本中,具有高中以上学历、失业或退出劳动力市场、中部地区、家庭年收入水平在5万元及以上的慢性病患者更有可能去医院就医。见表3
不同年龄亚组中,就医地点选择的影响因素有所不同。在18~44岁的慢性病患者中,学历水平和地域对就医地点的选择具有显著影响;在45~59岁的人群中,学历水平、工作状态和家庭年收入水平对就医地点的选择具有显著影响;在60~74岁的人群中,工作状态和家庭年收入水平对就医地点的选择具有显著影响;在75岁及以上的人群中,学历水平、工作状态、地域、自评健康状态和抑郁状态对就医地点的选择具有显著影响,见表3。综上,在城镇地区,学历和工作状态对大部分年龄段的慢性病患者就医地点选择的影响具有相同性,地域和收入水平对不同年龄段的慢性病患者就医地点的选择具有差异性。
在农村地区,单因素回归显示年龄与就医地点选择不相关,但调整控制变量多因素分析的结果表明,与60~74岁慢性病患者相比,18~44岁青年[AOR (95%CI)=1.50(1.00~2.24)]和45~59岁中年[AOR(95%CI)=1.33(1.05~1.70)]慢性病患者更可能到医院就医,见表4。此外,农村样本中,女性、具有高中以上学历、失业或退出劳动力市场、西部地区、自评健康状态较差的慢性病患者更可能去医院就医。
在青年人群中,性别、学历水平、婚姻状态、工作状态、地域和抑郁状态对就医地点的选择具有显著影响;在中年人群中,学历水平、工作状态、地域、家庭年收入水平和自评健康状态对就医地点的选择具有显著影响;在年轻老人中,婚姻状态和工作状态对就医地点的选择具有显著影响;在高龄老人中,学历水平对就医地点的选择具有显著影响。综上,在农村地区,工作状态对大部分年龄段的慢性病患者就医地点选择的影响具有相同性,性别、学历水平、婚姻状态、地域、家庭年收入水平、自评健康状态和抑郁状态对不同年龄段的慢性病患者就医地点的选择具有差异性。见表4
本研究发现,第一,城镇各年龄段约60%以上的慢性病患者一般到医院就医,农村各年龄段中半数以上慢性病患者一般到基层医疗机构就医;第二,在城镇地区,对于大部分慢性病患者,较高的学历水平和无业状态与到医院就医之间呈现显著的正相关关系;第三,在农村地区,对于大部分慢性病患者,无业状态与到医院就医之间呈现显著的正相关关系。
城镇地区不同年龄亚组慢性病患者选择综合医院或专科医院等医疗机构就医比例均过半且年龄亚组之间没有显著差异,而在农村地区,青年和中年慢性病患者选择到医院就医的可能性更高,这与既往研究的发现基本一致。苏敏艳等[12](2021)利用2018年CFPS的数据,发现在18岁以上居民中,老年人与年轻人相比来说愿意在基层医疗机构就诊,这可能是因为家庭医生签约率的不断增长与基层医疗机构老年人健康管理水体的提高。我国医疗卫生体系的“倒三角”问题同样存在于青年、中年和老年人群中,医疗资源的配置和不同类型患者的分级诊疗仍然存在较大的优化空间,特别是农村地区较为薄弱的基层医疗服务能力可能难以满足青年和中年人对高品质医疗服务的需求。
在城乡青年和中年慢性病患者中,具有较高学历水平的人往往更倾向于到医院就医,这可能是因为随着学历水平的提升,青年和中年人对于高质量的医疗服务有着更高的需求,这与既往研究的发现基本一致。张检等[13](2021)利用全国流动人口动态监测调查数据对15岁以上居民进行的调查发现,本科及以上流动人口更倾向于选择综合/专科医院就医。因此,要提升基层医疗机构的服务水平,加强对中、青年人群的健康教育和健康宣传。此外,还可以通过调整不同类型医疗机构的差别补偿比例和医保报销比例,鼓励社区首诊,充分发挥基层医疗机构在慢性病的长期管理与指导上的优势。
在城镇和农村地区,大部分在业的慢性病患者更倾向于选择基层医疗机构就医。这可能是因为两方面的因素,一是在业的居民由于就医时间相对紧张,可能更倾向于可及性更高、候诊时间相对较短的基层医疗机构;二是在农村地区,二、三级医院等较高层次的医疗资源的可及性相对较差,因而慢性病患者更倾向于选择基层医疗机构就医。既往研究的发现与本研究有所不同,王沛等[14](2020)的研究表明,65岁以上的多重慢病患者多为退休老人,以保健、康复治疗为主,选择基层医院的可能性更大。这可能是由于既往研究大多聚焦于老年人群,而老年人慢性病患病率较高,往往需要长期随访和服药,而基层医疗机构具有较高的可及性,能够较好地满足老年患者的长期医疗服务需求,从而掩盖了工作状态因素对居民就医地点的影响。总体来看,进一步扩大就业市场,积极改善中、青年人的就业状况,持续完善对失业人群的社会保障体系可能有助于促进分级诊疗政策的进一步落实。
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(BMU2020YJ001)
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2024年第51卷第5期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202208305
  • 接收时间:2023-08-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-18
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中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(BMU2020YJ001)
作者信息
    1.航天中心医院,北京 100049
    2.北京大学中国卫生发展研究中心,北京 100191

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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