Article(id=1241522923664626344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522919977841545, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308351, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1692288000000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773931731382, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1710000000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773931731382, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773931731382, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931731382, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241522919977841545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='5', pageStart='769', pageEnd='960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773931730503, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931880386, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241523548695622547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522919977841545, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241523548695622548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522919977841545, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=910, endPage=915, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241522924063085228, articleId=1241522923664626344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A study on the influence of exercise frequency on the cognitive function of the elderly aged 60 and above in the community, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the cognitive function of the elderly with different exercise frequencies, and to analyze the effect of exercise frequency on the cognitive function of the elderly.

Methods

By using the method of stratified proportional sampling, 4 414 people aged 60 and above were selected from the streets of Yinzhou district of Ningbo. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was used to screen the cognitive function of the elderly in the community, and the generalized linear model was used to analyze the influence of exercise frequency and other factors on the cognitive function of the elderly.

Results

The average MMSE score of 4 414 elderly people was 27.05±3.25. The MMSE scores of the elderly who never exercised, rarely exercised, and exercised regularly were 26.03±3.82, 27.04±3.19, and 27.53±2.88, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (F=72.596, P < 0.001). There were significant differences in cognitive function among the elderly with different exercise frequencies in the fields of orientation, memory, attention and calculation, recall, and language ability (F=13.120, F=13.309, F=33.508, F=32.575, and F=65.312, P<0.01). The results of generalized linear model analysis showed that after controlling other factors, compared with never exercise, the MMSE scores of rare exercise and regular exercise were 2.291 times (95%CI: 1.808-2.904) and 2.470 times (95%CI: 1.973-3.094), respectively.

Conclusion

Exercise frequency is closely related to the cognitive function of the elderly aged 60 and above in the community. Exercise can alleviate the cognitive dysfunction of the elderly in the community and actively mobilize the whole body to prevent Alzheimer’s disease. The elderly should be encouraged to participate in more exercises suitable for them.

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目的

了解不同运动频率老人的认知功能状况,并分析运动频率对老人认知功能的影响。

方法

采用分层比例抽样方法,在宁波市鄞州区各镇(乡)街道按比例抽取60岁及以上户籍老人共4 414人作为调查对象,使用简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)筛查社区老人认知功能情况,采用广义线性模型分析运动频率等因素对老人认知功能的影响。

结果

4 414位老人MMSE平均得分为(27.05±3.25)分。从不运动、很少运动和规律运动老人MMSE得分分别为(26.03±3.82)、(27.04±3.19)和(27.53±2.88)分,差异具有统计学意义(F=72.596,P<0.001)。不同运动频率老人的认知功能在定向力、记忆力、注意力及计算力、回忆能力、语言能力领域差异均具有统计学意义(F=13.120,13.309,33.508,32.575,65.312;P均<0.01)。广义线性模型分析结果显示,控制其他因素后,与从不运动相比,很少运动、规律运动MMSE得分分别是其2.291倍(95%CI:1.808~2.904)、2.470倍(95%CI:1.973~3.094)。

结论

不同运动频率与社区60岁及以上老人认知功能关系密切,运动能减缓社区老人认知功能障碍,积极调动全身以预防阿尔茨海默病,应提倡和鼓励老人多参加适合自己的运动。

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余素君,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=qy1IugNClWbwb9I6H1YGmQ==, magXml=WQ0IePIHUdkjiMJOULQm6w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ZvvACS+TEPpiMS0PkaxXJw==, pdfFileSize=646913, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Bw9uIh5kAcSesYbI7LxqvA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

余素君(1984—),女,本科,中级,研究方向:慢性病预防控制

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Medicine (Baltimore), 2020, 99(31): e20105., articleTitle=Effects of exercise interventions for specific cognitive domains in old adults with mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis and subgroup analysis of randomized controlled trials, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241678290331693443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923664626344, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241678290340082054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923664626344, companyId=1241678290331693443, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Baihe Street Community Health Service Center, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241678290528825739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923664626344, companyId=1241678290331693443, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.浙江省宁波市鄞州区白鹤街道社区卫生服务中心,浙江 宁波 315000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241678292567257493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923664626344, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241678292575646103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923664626344, companyId=1241678292567257493, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.浙江省宁波市鄞州区疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241678311647146596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923664626344, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of the registered elderly aged 60 years old and above in communities in Yinzhou district of Ningbo

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素亚组例数构成比(%)MMSE得分(分t/FP
性别1 97944.8327.38±2.996.183<0.001
2 43555.1726.78±3.43
地区城区2 36353.5327.82±2.4716.898<0.001
农村2 05146.4726.16±3.78
年龄段(岁)60~692 14948.6927.28±2.8559.548<0.001
70~791 82241.2827.16±3.18
≥8044310.0325.48±4.65
婚姻状况已婚3 95089.4927.20±3.0345.403<0.001
丧偶4179.4525.63±4.63
其他471.0626.74±3.91
文化程度文盲57713.0723.74±4.33480.337<0.001
小学2 22450.3927.09±2.99
初中及以上1 61336.5428.17±2.18
退休前职业工人专技服务1 02723.2727.78±2.53124.377<0.001
农民1 45632.9926.00±3.78
家务97822.1626.68±3.35
其他95321.5828.24±2.24
家庭月收入(元)≤2 00091120.6425.97±3.9864.886<0.001
2 001~5 0002 05246.4927.35±3.15
>5 0001 45132.8727.30±2.71
患有慢性病2 86264.8426.95±3.422.9880.003
1 55235.1627.24±2.91
运动频率从不运动97122.0026.03±3.8272.596<0.001
很少运动1 37331.1027.04±3.19
规律运动2 07046.9027.53±2.88
合计4 414100.0027.05±3.25
), ArticleFig(id=1241678312012051054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923664626344, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

宁波市鄞州区社区60岁及以上户籍老人基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素亚组例数构成比(%)MMSE得分(分t/FP
性别1 97944.8327.38±2.996.183<0.001
2 43555.1726.78±3.43
地区城区2 36353.5327.82±2.4716.898<0.001
农村2 05146.4726.16±3.78
年龄段(岁)60~692 14948.6927.28±2.8559.548<0.001
70~791 82241.2827.16±3.18
≥8044310.0325.48±4.65
婚姻状况已婚3 95089.4927.20±3.0345.403<0.001
丧偶4179.4525.63±4.63
其他471.0626.74±3.91
文化程度文盲57713.0723.74±4.33480.337<0.001
小学2 22450.3927.09±2.99
初中及以上1 61336.5428.17±2.18
退休前职业工人专技服务1 02723.2727.78±2.53124.377<0.001
农民1 45632.9926.00±3.78
家务97822.1626.68±3.35
其他95321.5828.24±2.24
家庭月收入(元)≤2 00091120.6425.97±3.9864.886<0.001
2 001~5 0002 05246.4927.35±3.15
>5 0001 45132.8727.30±2.71
患有慢性病2 86264.8426.95±3.422.9880.003
1 55235.1627.24±2.91
运动频率从不运动97122.0026.03±3.8272.596<0.001
很少运动1 37331.1027.04±3.19
规律运动2 07046.9027.53±2.88
合计4 414100.0027.05±3.25
), ArticleFig(id=1241678315845644918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923664626344, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Differences of cognitive function among the registered elderly aged 60 years old and above in communities with different exercise frequencies (points,

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
认知功能从不运动很少运动规律运动总体FP
定向力(10分)9.64±0.849.72±0.689.78±0.699.73±0.7213.120<0.001
记忆力(3分)2.77±0.582.87±0.442.85±0.472.84±0.4913.309<0.001
注意力及计算力(5分)3.96±1.324.06±1.274.31±1.134.16±1.2333.508<0.001
回忆能力(3分)2.20±0.912.42±0.862.47±0.802.40±0.8532.575<0.001
语言能力(9分)7.61±1.738.09±1.298.21±1.208.04±1.3865.312<0.001
命名(2分)1.92±0.351.92±0.331.93±0.301.93±0.320.6180.539
重复(1分)0.65±0.480.85±0.350.85±0.360.81±0.40105.308<0.001
阅读(1分)0.91±0.280.95±0.220.96±0.200.94±0.2311.734<0.001
3步指令(3分)2.80±0.612.88±0.452.91±0.372.88±0.4617.465<0.001
表达(1分)0.65±0.480.72±0.450.75±0.430.72±0.4518.203<0.001
绘画(1分)0.67±0.470.76±0.430.80±0.400.76±0.4332.289<0.001
MMSE总分26.03±3.8227.04±3.1927.53±2.8827.05±3.2572.596<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241678316801946239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923664626344, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同运动频率的社区60岁及以上户籍老人认知功能各领域差异(分,

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
认知功能从不运动很少运动规律运动总体FP
定向力(10分)9.64±0.849.72±0.689.78±0.699.73±0.7213.120<0.001
记忆力(3分)2.77±0.582.87±0.442.85±0.472.84±0.4913.309<0.001
注意力及计算力(5分)3.96±1.324.06±1.274.31±1.134.16±1.2333.508<0.001
回忆能力(3分)2.20±0.912.42±0.862.47±0.802.40±0.8532.575<0.001
语言能力(9分)7.61±1.738.09±1.298.21±1.208.04±1.3865.312<0.001
命名(2分)1.92±0.351.92±0.331.93±0.301.93±0.320.6180.539
重复(1分)0.65±0.480.85±0.350.85±0.360.81±0.40105.308<0.001
阅读(1分)0.91±0.280.95±0.220.96±0.200.94±0.2311.734<0.001
3步指令(3分)2.80±0.612.88±0.452.91±0.372.88±0.4617.465<0.001
表达(1分)0.65±0.480.72±0.450.75±0.430.72±0.4518.203<0.001
绘画(1分)0.67±0.470.76±0.430.80±0.400.76±0.4332.289<0.001
MMSE总分26.03±3.8227.04±3.1927.53±2.8827.05±3.2572.596<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241678319578575493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923664626344, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Influencing factors on the cognitive function among the registered elderly aged 60 years old and above in communities in Yinzhou district of Ningbo by generalized linear model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量参照组B标准误Waldχ2POR值(95%CI
模型1
很少运动从不运动1.0040.13455.958<0.0012.730(2.098~3.551)
规律运动1.5010.125145.262<0.0014.486(3.514~5.725)
(截距)26.0330.10364 204.365<0.0012.023×1011(1.654×1011~2.474×1011
模型2
-0.3300.09113.240<0.0010.719(0.601~0.859)
农村城区-0.7610.12437.541<0.0010.467(0.366~0.596)
丧偶已婚-0.5590.15712.706<0.0010.572(0.421~0.778)
其他-0.2540.4190.3680.5440.776(0.341~1.763)
农民工人专技服务-0.5310.15811.3160.0010.588(0.432~0.801)
家务-0.0280.1500.0350.8520.972(0.725~1.304)
其他0.2310.1372.8420.0921.259(0.963~1.646)
患有慢性病无慢性病-0.0820.0920.8070.3690.921(0.770~1.102)
年龄-0.0440.00834.753<0.0010.957(0.943~0.971)
家庭月收入(元,≤2 000)*小学家庭月收入(元,≤2000)*文盲3.4210.219243.450<0.00130.610(19.917~47.046)
家庭月收入(元,≤2 000)*初中及以上3.9120.330140.818<0.00150.000(26.203~95.406)
家庭月收入(元,2 001~5 000)*文盲0.4440.2642.8180.0931.558(0.928~2.616)
家庭月收入(元,2 001~5 000)*小学3.2610.210241.622<0.00126.078(17.286~39.342)
家庭月收入(元,2 001~5 000)*初中及以上3.7060.231257.807<0.00140.679(25.877~63.948)
家庭月收入(元,>5 000)*文盲0.2470.3490.4990.4801.280(0.646~2.536)
家庭月收入(元,>5 000)*小学2.5440.230122.166<0.00112.728(8.107~19.983)
家庭月收入(元,>5 000)*初中及以上3.2840.242183.732<0.00126.671(16.590~42.879)
很少运动从不运动0.8290.12147.025<0.0012.291(1.808~2.904)
规律运动0.9040.11562.088<0.0012.470(1.973~3.094)
(截距)27.3890.6321 877.591<0.0017.854×1011(2.275×1011~2.711×1012
), ArticleFig(id=1241678319918314124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923664626344, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

宁波市鄞州区社区60岁及以上户籍老人认知功能影响因素的广义线性回归模型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量参照组B标准误Waldχ2POR值(95%CI
模型1
很少运动从不运动1.0040.13455.958<0.0012.730(2.098~3.551)
规律运动1.5010.125145.262<0.0014.486(3.514~5.725)
(截距)26.0330.10364 204.365<0.0012.023×1011(1.654×1011~2.474×1011
模型2
-0.3300.09113.240<0.0010.719(0.601~0.859)
农村城区-0.7610.12437.541<0.0010.467(0.366~0.596)
丧偶已婚-0.5590.15712.706<0.0010.572(0.421~0.778)
其他-0.2540.4190.3680.5440.776(0.341~1.763)
农民工人专技服务-0.5310.15811.3160.0010.588(0.432~0.801)
家务-0.0280.1500.0350.8520.972(0.725~1.304)
其他0.2310.1372.8420.0921.259(0.963~1.646)
患有慢性病无慢性病-0.0820.0920.8070.3690.921(0.770~1.102)
年龄-0.0440.00834.753<0.0010.957(0.943~0.971)
家庭月收入(元,≤2 000)*小学家庭月收入(元,≤2000)*文盲3.4210.219243.450<0.00130.610(19.917~47.046)
家庭月收入(元,≤2 000)*初中及以上3.9120.330140.818<0.00150.000(26.203~95.406)
家庭月收入(元,2 001~5 000)*文盲0.4440.2642.8180.0931.558(0.928~2.616)
家庭月收入(元,2 001~5 000)*小学3.2610.210241.622<0.00126.078(17.286~39.342)
家庭月收入(元,2 001~5 000)*初中及以上3.7060.231257.807<0.00140.679(25.877~63.948)
家庭月收入(元,>5 000)*文盲0.2470.3490.4990.4801.280(0.646~2.536)
家庭月收入(元,>5 000)*小学2.5440.230122.166<0.00112.728(8.107~19.983)
家庭月收入(元,>5 000)*初中及以上3.2840.242183.732<0.00126.671(16.590~42.879)
很少运动从不运动0.8290.12147.025<0.0012.291(1.808~2.904)
规律运动0.9040.11562.088<0.0012.470(1.973~3.094)
(截距)27.3890.6321 877.591<0.0017.854×1011(2.275×1011~2.711×1012
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运动频率对社区60岁及以上户籍老人认知功能的影响研究
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余素君 1 , 赵磊 2 , 董朝晖 2
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(5): 910-915
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(5): 910-915
运动频率对社区60岁及以上户籍老人认知功能的影响研究
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余素君1 , 赵磊2, 董朝晖2
作者信息
  • 1.浙江省宁波市鄞州区白鹤街道社区卫生服务中心,浙江 宁波 315000
  • 2.浙江省宁波市鄞州区疾病预防控制中心
  • 余素君(1984—),女,本科,中级,研究方向:慢性病预防控制

通讯作者:

余素君,E-mail:
A study on the influence of exercise frequency on the cognitive function of the elderly aged 60 and above in the community
Su-jun YU1 , Lei ZHAO2, Zhao-hui DONG2
Affiliations
  • Baihe Street Community Health Service Center, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
出版时间: 2024-03-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308351
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目的

了解不同运动频率老人的认知功能状况,并分析运动频率对老人认知功能的影响。

方法

采用分层比例抽样方法,在宁波市鄞州区各镇(乡)街道按比例抽取60岁及以上户籍老人共4 414人作为调查对象,使用简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)筛查社区老人认知功能情况,采用广义线性模型分析运动频率等因素对老人认知功能的影响。

结果

4 414位老人MMSE平均得分为(27.05±3.25)分。从不运动、很少运动和规律运动老人MMSE得分分别为(26.03±3.82)、(27.04±3.19)和(27.53±2.88)分,差异具有统计学意义(F=72.596,P<0.001)。不同运动频率老人的认知功能在定向力、记忆力、注意力及计算力、回忆能力、语言能力领域差异均具有统计学意义(F=13.120,13.309,33.508,32.575,65.312;P均<0.01)。广义线性模型分析结果显示,控制其他因素后,与从不运动相比,很少运动、规律运动MMSE得分分别是其2.291倍(95%CI:1.808~2.904)、2.470倍(95%CI:1.973~3.094)。

结论

不同运动频率与社区60岁及以上老人认知功能关系密切,运动能减缓社区老人认知功能障碍,积极调动全身以预防阿尔茨海默病,应提倡和鼓励老人多参加适合自己的运动。

老年人  /  运动频率  /  认知功能  /  筛查  /  影响因素
Objective

To investigate the cognitive function of the elderly with different exercise frequencies, and to analyze the effect of exercise frequency on the cognitive function of the elderly.

Methods

By using the method of stratified proportional sampling, 4 414 people aged 60 and above were selected from the streets of Yinzhou district of Ningbo. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was used to screen the cognitive function of the elderly in the community, and the generalized linear model was used to analyze the influence of exercise frequency and other factors on the cognitive function of the elderly.

Results

The average MMSE score of 4 414 elderly people was 27.05±3.25. The MMSE scores of the elderly who never exercised, rarely exercised, and exercised regularly were 26.03±3.82, 27.04±3.19, and 27.53±2.88, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (F=72.596, P < 0.001). There were significant differences in cognitive function among the elderly with different exercise frequencies in the fields of orientation, memory, attention and calculation, recall, and language ability (F=13.120, F=13.309, F=33.508, F=32.575, and F=65.312, P<0.01). The results of generalized linear model analysis showed that after controlling other factors, compared with never exercise, the MMSE scores of rare exercise and regular exercise were 2.291 times (95%CI: 1.808-2.904) and 2.470 times (95%CI: 1.973-3.094), respectively.

Conclusion

Exercise frequency is closely related to the cognitive function of the elderly aged 60 and above in the community. Exercise can alleviate the cognitive dysfunction of the elderly in the community and actively mobilize the whole body to prevent Alzheimer’s disease. The elderly should be encouraged to participate in more exercises suitable for them.

Elderly  /  Exercise frequency  /  Cognitive function  /  Screening  /  Influencing factors
余素君, 赵磊, 董朝晖. 运动频率对社区60岁及以上户籍老人认知功能的影响研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (5) : 910 -915 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308351
Su-jun YU, Lei ZHAO, Zhao-hui DONG. A study on the influence of exercise frequency on the cognitive function of the elderly aged 60 and above in the community[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (5) : 910 -915 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308351
目前我国人口老龄化程度加剧,2022年我国60周岁及以上老年人口总数为2.80亿,占总人口的19.8%[1];2020年底,宁波市鄞州区户籍人口84.97万人,其中60周岁及以上老年人口19.95万人,占比23.48%。增龄会伴发老人认知功能障碍,包括主观认知减退、轻度认知障碍和痴呆。我国痴呆患者数量居世界首位[2],且发病率呈升高趋势[3]。其中,阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease,AD)又称老年痴呆症、老年性痴呆,是一组病因未明的原发性退行性脑变性疾病,为最常见的痴呆类型,占比约50%~70%[4]。药物治疗对AD改善作用甚微,运动疗法是非药物治疗方式之一,多数研究均表明运动是AD发生的保护因素[5]。鄞州区自2020年起开展老人认知功能早期筛查项目,本研究以此项目为基础,深入研究不同运动频率老人的认知功能状况,并分析运动对老人认知功能的影响,旨为采取针对性预防干预措施提供参考依据。
调查于2021年4—11月在宁波市鄞州区社区60岁及以上户籍老人中开展。样本量计算公式N=Zα/22×P×(1-P)/δ2计算[6],其中,Zα/2为1.96,查阅文献资料P取10%[7]δ为允许误差,取值1%,考虑到失访因素,样本量增加20%,最后确定样本量为4 149人。纳入标准:(1)60岁及以上户籍居民;(2)签署知情同意书;(3)神志清醒,可交流,无严重听觉障碍。排除标准:(1)非60岁及以上户籍居民;(2)合并先天性智力障碍或后天外伤导致的智力障碍;(3)拒绝签署知情同意书。本研究经宁波市康宁医院伦理委员会审核批准(批号:NBKNYY-2023-LC-01)。
采用分层比例抽样方法。2020年底区公安部门提供全区60岁及以上户籍老人共19.95万人,按全区21个镇(乡)街道进行分层,在各镇(乡)街道抽取约2%的60岁及以上户籍老人。共发放问卷4 500份,回收有效问卷4 414份,有效率为98.09%。
调查人员以入户或集中方式对调查对象开展面对面调查。调查使用工具为微信小程序,调查对象简易智力状态检查量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)结果可当场呈现。采用宁波市康宁医院下发自制调查问卷,内容包括基本信息和MMSE。基本信息共9项,分别为性别、地区、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、退休前职业、家庭月收入、患有慢性病和运动频率。运动频率分为从不运动、很少运动和规律运动,从不运动为每周运动0次,很少运动为每周运动1~2次,规律运动为每周运动3次及以上且每次运动持续时间30 min及以上、每次运动强度中等及以上。MMSE由Folstein等[8]于1975年编制,是最具影响的标准化智力状态检查工具之一,其作为认知障碍检查方法,可以用于AD的筛查,简单易行。MMSE具有良好的信度,总体内部一致性Cronbach α为0.833[9]。MMSE涵盖定向力(10分)、记忆力(3分)、注意力和计算力(5分)、回忆能力(3分)和语言能力(9分),共计30分,得分越高,表示认知功能越好。AD评分参考:27~30分为正常,21~26分为轻度AD,10~20分为中度AD,0~9分为重度AD。
微信小程序后台导出Excel 2000数据库,使用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析。计数资料采用率描述,计量资料采用()描述,计量资料两组或多组间单因素分析分别采用t/F检验,老人认知功能的影响因素采用广义线性模型分析。检验水准α=0.05。
调查对象共4 414人,其中男性1 979人(44.83%),女性2 435人(55.17%),平均年龄(70.88±6.23)岁,城区2 363人(53.53%),已婚3 950人(89.49%),小学文化程度2 224人(50.39%),退休前职业为农民1 456人(32.99%),家庭月收入2 001~5 000元2 052人(46.49%),患有慢性病2 862人(64.84%)。从不运动、很少运动和规律运动分别为971、1 373和2 070人,占比分别为22.00%、31.10%和46.90%。见表1
4 414位老人MMSE平均得分为(27.05±3.25)分,不同因素各组别老人之间MMSE得分差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。男性、城区、无慢性病的老人MMSE得分分别高于女性、农村、患有慢性病的老人。老人年龄越大,MMSE得分越低;随着老人文化程度增高、家庭月收入提高、运动增加,老人MMSE得分呈增加趋势。已婚较丧偶、退休前职业为工人专技服务较农民和家务的老人MMSE得分更高。从不运动、很少运动和规律运动老人的MMSE得分分别为(26.03±3.82)、(27.04±3.19)和(27.53±2.88)分,总体差异具有统计学意义,两两比较结果显示两两之间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1
不同运动频率老人的认知功能在定向力、记忆力、注意力及计算力、回忆能力、语言能力领域差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01),但在语言能力领域的命名次领域差异无统计学意义。见表2
以老人认知功能MMSE得分为应变量,采用广义线性模型分析老人认知功能的影响因素,模型类型选择线性回归,参数估算方法为最大似然估算值。模型1自变量仅纳入运动频率,与从不运动相比,很少运动、规律运动MMSE得分分别是其2.730倍(95%CI:2.098~3.551)、4.486倍(95%CI:3.514~5.725)。模型2自变量为运动频率等9个因素,其中家庭月收入和文化程度为交互作用,年龄为连续变量,其他6个变量为分类变量,模型拟合效果较好(χ2=1 185.617,P<0.001),结果显示除患有慢性病外,其他因素均为老人认知功能影响因素。控制其他因素后,与从不运动相比,很少运动、规律运动MMSE得分分别是其2.291倍(95%CI:1.808~2.904)、2.470倍(95%CI:1.973~3.094)。见表3
MMSE筛查结果显示,4 414位调查老人MMSE平均得分为(27.05±3.25)分,属于正常范围。但女性较男性、农村较城区、丧偶较已婚、农民较工人专技服务、文盲较小学和初中及以上老人MMSE平均得分低,患有AD的风险高。因传统文化影响,女性多数文化程度低、倾向于从事家务劳动、接触外界机会少、接受新事物新信息量少,较男性患病风险高[10]。农村老人多数为农民或家务,家庭经济条件较差,医疗资源匮乏,老人和家属重视度较低,AD患病风险高[11]。丧偶者经历重大生活负性事件,是社区老年居民认知功能的危险因素,与刘晶晶[12]等研究一致。患有慢性病在单因素分析中MMSE得分有差异,在广义线性模型中不是MMSE得分的影响因素,与金珊等[13]研究不一致,此处可能是多因素分析控制了其他因素影响。年龄是老人认知功能的危险因素,与多数研究相一致[10-15],广义线性模型结果显示,年龄每增加1岁,MMSE得分降低0.044分,有研究指出在65岁及以上的人群中,AD患病率与年龄增加呈指数增长,年龄每增加5岁,AD患病率增长2倍,≥85岁老人AD患病率高于15%[16]
身体活动包括日常活动和运动,运动有三种类型,即有氧运动、抗阻运动和综合性运动[17]。其中有氧运动又称耐力运动,是指以有氧供能为主的运动,有大肌肉群参与,进行长时间、有节奏、持续的耐性锻炼,如快走、慢跑、游泳、骑自行车、舞蹈等[18],快走是最常见和最可及的运动方式。运动干预是非药物干预之一,大量研究证明,运动能有效改善认知功能[19]。可能机制是促进血液中营养因子及生长因子的生长,有利于增殖神经元,改善血管存活和生长;增加海马体积、大脑血流量,改善脑灌注,增进大脑重塑;调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴,舒缓情绪和身心压力,提高自我感知能力[16-17]
本研究中从不运动、很少运动和规律运动老人的MMSE得分分别为(26.03±3.82)、(27.04±3.19)和(27.53±2.88)分,且除语言能力领域外,在认知功能的各领域均有差异;与从不运动相比,很少运动、规律运动MMSE得分分别是其2.291倍(95%CI:1.808~2.904)、2.470倍(95%CI:1.973~3.094),均表明运动是AD患病的保护因素。多参加运动并长时间坚持下去对预防和延迟AD发生有重要意义。一项meta分析研究运动对轻度认知障碍老人不同认知域的作用,结果显示,运动对老人语言功能、执行功能、记忆功能和视觉空间功能均有改善作用[20]
综上所述,运动能积极调动全身以预防AD,应提倡和鼓励老人多参加适合自己的运动。但本文也存在不足之处,虽然广义线性模型可以分析连续型应变量与任意类型自变量之间关系,较多重线性回归模型更有优势,但横断面研究无法明确运动与AD的因果关系。同时运动预防AD的许多问题有待继续深入研究,如不同运动类型、强度、时长、持续时间对认知功能的影响,或与生活方式交互作用对认知功能的影响,运动最佳年龄确定等。
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2024年第51卷第5期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308351
  • 接收时间:2023-08-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-18
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    1.浙江省宁波市鄞州区白鹤街道社区卫生服务中心,浙江 宁波 315000
    2.浙江省宁波市鄞州区疾病预防控制中心

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余素君,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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