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Article(id=1241522923098395301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522919977841545, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311502, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1701014400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773931731247, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1710000000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773931731247, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773931731247, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931731247, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241522919977841545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='5', pageStart='769', pageEnd='960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773931730503, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931880386, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241523548695622547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522919977841545, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241523548695622548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522919977841545, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=921, endPage=924, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241522923954033322, articleId=1241522923098395301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Investigation on the prevalence of HBsAg and HBsAb among people born in 2004 and 2022 in Jiangxi Province, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the positive rate of HBsAg and HBsAb in the population born during 2004 and 2022 in Jiangxi Province.

Methods

By using stratified cluster sampling method, venous blood samples were collected from 8 126 people born after 2004 from 2016 to 2022 in 11 districts and cities of Jiangxi Province, and the sera were separated. HBsAg and HBsAb were detected by Elisa method, and the positive rate was calculated. The chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of positive rate among different groups.

Results

The positive rates of HBsAg and HBsAb among people born during 2004 and 2022 in Jiangxi Province were 1.40% and 74.92%, respectively. The positive rates of HBsAg in males and females were 1.14% and 1.80%, respectively (χ2=6.18, P=0.013) and the positive rates of HBsAb were 75.55% and 74.00%, respectively (χ2=2.51, P=0.113). The positive rates of HBsAg were 1.17%, 1.31%, 2.14%, and 3.12% (χ2=13.49, P=0.004) at the age of 4, 9, 14, and 15 to 18 years, respectively, and the positive rates of HBsAb were 85.65%, 60.26%, 50.04%, and 46.42%, respectively (χ2=9.90, P <0.001). The positive rates of HBsAg and HBsAb in urban and rural areas were 1.62% and 1.14% (χ2=11.99, P=0.001), 74.18%and 75.81%, respectively (χ2=2.83, P=0.095). The positive rates of HBsAg and HBsAb in people born before and after 2012 were 2.18% and 1.14%, 52.18%, and 82.28%, respectively (χ2=7.64, P < 0.001). The positive rate of HBsAg in 11 districts and cities was between 0.45% and 2.79% (χ2=37.18, P < 0.001), and the positive rate of HBsAb was between 69.88% and 84.30% (χ2=65.61, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The positive rate of HBsAg among the people born during 2004 and 2022 in Jiangxi Province is low, and the prevention and control of hepatitis B is effective. There are population and regional differences in the prevalence of HBsAg and HBsAb. Targeted measures should be taken to further improve the effect of prevention and control.

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目的

了解江西省2004—2022年出生人群乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）和乙肝表面抗体（HBsAb）阳性率。

方法

采用分层整群抽样方法，于2016—2022年对江西省11个设区市8 126名2004年后出生的人群采集静脉血，分离血清，Elisa方法检测HBsAg和HBsAb，计算阳性率，χ2检验分析不同组别阳性率差异。

结果

江西省2004—2022年出生人群HBsAg阳性率为1.40%，HBsAb阳性率为74.92%；男性和女性HBsAg阳性率分别为1.14%、1.80%（χ2=6.18，P=0.013），HBsAb阳性率分别为75.55%、74.00%（χ2=2.51，P=0.113）；0～4岁、5～9岁、10～14岁、15～18岁HBsAg阳性率依次为1.17%、1.31%、2.14%、3.12%（χ2=13.49，P=0.004），HBsAb阳性率依次为85.65%、60.26%、50.04%、46.42%（χ2=9.90，P<0.001）；居住在城镇和农村的人群HBsAg阳性率分别为1.62%、1.14%（χ2=3.40，P=0.040），HBsAb阳性率分别为74.18%、75.81%（χ2=2.83，P=0.095）；2012年前和2012年后出生的人群HBsAg阳性率分别为2.18%、1.14%（χ2=11.99，P=0.001），HBsAb阳性率分别为52.18%、82.28%（χ2=7.64，P<0.001）；11个设区市HBsAg阳性率介于0.45%～2.79%之间（χ2=37.18，P<0.001），HBsAb阳性率介于69.88%～84.30%之间（χ2=65.61，P<0.001）。

结论

江西省2004—2022年出生人群HBsAg阳性率低，乙肝防控成效显著，HBsAg和HBsAb流行率存在人群和地区差异，应采取针对性的措施进一步提高防控效果。

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郭世成，E-mail:
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伍凤云（1987—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：乙肝预防控制

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Chinese Medical Association Infectious Diseases Branch. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B (2022 edition)[J]. Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2023, 41(1): 3-19., articleTitle=Chinese Medical Association Infectious Diseases Branch. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B (2022 edition), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241678327031853814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923098395301, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=5, pageStart=540, pageEnd=543, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=22, authorNames=刘力进, 漆琪, 李银乔, journalName=中国疫苗和免疫, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘力进，漆琪，李银乔，等.2020年四川省1-14岁儿童乙型肝炎表面抗原血清流行率和影响因素[J].中国疫苗和免疫，2022，28（5）：540-543., articleTitle=2020年四川省1-14岁儿童乙型肝炎表面抗原血清流行率和影响因素, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241678327690359543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923098395301, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=5, pageStart=540, pageEnd=543, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Liu LJ, Qi Q, Li YQ, journalName=Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu LJ, Qi Q, Li YQ, et al. 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Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, 2022, 28(5): 540-543., articleTitle=Hepatitis B surface antigen seroprevalence and its influencing factors among 1-14-year-old children in Sichuan province,2020, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241678306907583038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923098395301, awardId=20202BABL206126, language=CN, fundingSource=江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20202BABL206126), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241678307247321673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923098395301, awardId=202211287, language=CN, fundingSource=江西省卫生健康委科技计划(202211287), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241678287823499595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923098395301, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241678287827693900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923098395301, companyId=1241678287823499595, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Jiangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241678287836082509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923098395301, companyId=1241678287823499595, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=江西省疾病预防控制中心，江西 南昌 330029)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241678298783216128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923098395301, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Population distribution of HBsAg and HBsAb of people born in Jiangxi Province from 2004 to 2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人群特征人数HBsAgHBsAb
阳性阳性率（%）χ2值P值阳性阳性率（%）χ2值P值
性别6.180.0132.510.113
男4 842551.143 65875.55
女3 284591.802 43074.00
年龄组（岁）13.490.0049.90<0.001
0～45 317621.174 55485.65
5～91 369181.3182560.26
10～141 119242.1456050.04
15～18321103.1214946.42
居住地3.400.0402.830.095
城镇4 439721.623 29374.18
农村3 687421.142 79575.81
合计8 1261141.406 08874.92
), ArticleFig(id=1241678299299115531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923098395301, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

江西省2004—2022年出生人群HBsAg、HBsAb阳性率分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人群特征人数HBsAgHBsAb
阳性阳性率（%）χ2值P值阳性阳性率（%）χ2值P值
性别6.180.0132.510.113
男4 842551.143 65875.55
女3 284591.802 43074.00
年龄组（岁）13.490.0049.90<0.001
0～45 317621.174 55485.65
5～91 369181.3182560.26
10～141 119242.1456050.04
15～18321103.1214946.42
居住地3.400.0402.830.095
城镇4 439721.623 29374.18
农村3 687421.142 79575.81
合计8 1261141.406 08874.92
), ArticleFig(id=1241678302910411279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923098395301, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Positive rates of HBsAg and HBsAb in people before and after adjusting the dose of HepB vaccination in Jiangxi Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
出生年份人数HBsAgHBsAb
阳性阳性率（%）χ2值P值阳性阳性率（%）χ2值P值
2012年前2 068452.1811.990.0011 07952.187.64<0.001
2012年后6 058691.145 00982.28
合计8 1261141.406 08874.92
), ArticleFig(id=1241678303384367640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923098395301, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

江西省HepB接种剂量调整前后人群HBsAg、HBsAb阳性率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
出生年份人数HBsAgHBsAb
阳性阳性率（%）χ2值P值阳性阳性率（%）χ2值P值
2012年前2 068452.1811.990.0011 07952.187.64<0.001
2012年后6 058691.145 00982.28
合计8 1261141.406 08874.92
), ArticleFig(id=1241678303942210086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923098395301, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Regional distribution of HBsAg and HBsAb of people born in Jiangxi Province from 2004 to 2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设区市人数HBsAgHBsAb
阳性阳性率（%）χ2值P值阳性阳性率（%）χ2值P值
抚州市54340.7437.180.00038170.1765.610.000
赣州市953111.1567871.14
吉安市1 027262.5374872.83
景德镇市728192.6155876.65
九江市73850.6856075.88
南昌市1 114131.1787178.19
萍乡市57150.8839969.88
上饶市72191.2557379.47
新余市44620.4537684.30
宜春市74850.6756475.40
鹰潭市537152.7938070.76
合计8 1261141.406 08874.92
), ArticleFig(id=1241678306425238060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522923098395301, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

江西省2004—2022年出生人群HBsAg、HBsAb阳性率地区分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设区市人数HBsAgHBsAb
阳性阳性率（%）χ2值P值阳性阳性率（%）χ2值P值
抚州市54340.7437.180.00038170.1765.610.000
赣州市953111.1567871.14
吉安市1 027262.5374872.83
景德镇市728192.6155876.65
九江市73850.6856075.88
南昌市1 114131.1787178.19
萍乡市57150.8839969.88
上饶市72191.2557379.47
新余市44620.4537684.30
宜春市74850.6756475.40
鹰潭市537152.7938070.76
合计8 1261141.406 08874.92
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江西省2004—2022年出生人群HBsAg和HBsAb流行率调查
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伍凤云 , 郭世成
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024,51(5): 921-924
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现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024, 51(5): 921-924
江西省2004—2022年出生人群HBsAg和HBsAb流行率调查
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伍凤云, 郭世成
作者信息
  • 江西省疾病预防控制中心，江西 南昌 330029

    • 伍凤云（1987—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：乙肝预防控制

通讯作者:

郭世成，E-mail:
Investigation on the prevalence of HBsAg and HBsAb among people born in 2004 and 2022 in Jiangxi Province
Feng-yun WU, Shi-cheng GUO
Affiliations
  • Jiangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, China
出版时间: 2024-03-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311502
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摘要
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目的

了解江西省2004—2022年出生人群乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）和乙肝表面抗体（HBsAb）阳性率。

方法

采用分层整群抽样方法，于2016—2022年对江西省11个设区市8 126名2004年后出生的人群采集静脉血，分离血清，Elisa方法检测HBsAg和HBsAb，计算阳性率，χ2检验分析不同组别阳性率差异。

结果

江西省2004—2022年出生人群HBsAg阳性率为1.40%，HBsAb阳性率为74.92%；男性和女性HBsAg阳性率分别为1.14%、1.80%（χ2=6.18，P=0.013），HBsAb阳性率分别为75.55%、74.00%（χ2=2.51，P=0.113）；0～4岁、5～9岁、10～14岁、15～18岁HBsAg阳性率依次为1.17%、1.31%、2.14%、3.12%（χ2=13.49，P=0.004），HBsAb阳性率依次为85.65%、60.26%、50.04%、46.42%（χ2=9.90，P<0.001）；居住在城镇和农村的人群HBsAg阳性率分别为1.62%、1.14%（χ2=3.40，P=0.040），HBsAb阳性率分别为74.18%、75.81%（χ2=2.83，P=0.095）；2012年前和2012年后出生的人群HBsAg阳性率分别为2.18%、1.14%（χ2=11.99，P=0.001），HBsAb阳性率分别为52.18%、82.28%（χ2=7.64，P<0.001）；11个设区市HBsAg阳性率介于0.45%～2.79%之间（χ2=37.18，P<0.001），HBsAb阳性率介于69.88%～84.30%之间（χ2=65.61，P<0.001）。

结论

江西省2004—2022年出生人群HBsAg阳性率低，乙肝防控成效显著，HBsAg和HBsAb流行率存在人群和地区差异，应采取针对性的措施进一步提高防控效果。

乙型肝炎  /  乙肝表面抗原  /  乙肝表面抗体
Objective

To investigate the positive rate of HBsAg and HBsAb in the population born during 2004 and 2022 in Jiangxi Province.

Methods

By using stratified cluster sampling method, venous blood samples were collected from 8 126 people born after 2004 from 2016 to 2022 in 11 districts and cities of Jiangxi Province, and the sera were separated. HBsAg and HBsAb were detected by Elisa method, and the positive rate was calculated. The chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of positive rate among different groups.

Results

The positive rates of HBsAg and HBsAb among people born during 2004 and 2022 in Jiangxi Province were 1.40% and 74.92%, respectively. The positive rates of HBsAg in males and females were 1.14% and 1.80%, respectively (χ2=6.18, P=0.013) and the positive rates of HBsAb were 75.55% and 74.00%, respectively (χ2=2.51, P=0.113). The positive rates of HBsAg were 1.17%, 1.31%, 2.14%, and 3.12% (χ2=13.49, P=0.004) at the age of 4, 9, 14, and 15 to 18 years, respectively, and the positive rates of HBsAb were 85.65%, 60.26%, 50.04%, and 46.42%, respectively (χ2=9.90, P <0.001). The positive rates of HBsAg and HBsAb in urban and rural areas were 1.62% and 1.14% (χ2=11.99, P=0.001), 74.18%and 75.81%, respectively (χ2=2.83, P=0.095). The positive rates of HBsAg and HBsAb in people born before and after 2012 were 2.18% and 1.14%, 52.18%, and 82.28%, respectively (χ2=7.64, P < 0.001). The positive rate of HBsAg in 11 districts and cities was between 0.45% and 2.79% (χ2=37.18, P < 0.001), and the positive rate of HBsAb was between 69.88% and 84.30% (χ2=65.61, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The positive rate of HBsAg among the people born during 2004 and 2022 in Jiangxi Province is low, and the prevention and control of hepatitis B is effective. There are population and regional differences in the prevalence of HBsAg and HBsAb. Targeted measures should be taken to further improve the effect of prevention and control.

Hepatitis B  /  Hepatitis B surface antigen  /  Hepatitis B surface antibody
伍凤云, 郭世成. 江西省2004—2022年出生人群HBsAg和HBsAb流行率调查. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (5) : 921 -924 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311502
Feng-yun WU, Shi-cheng GUO. Investigation on the prevalence of HBsAg and HBsAb among people born in 2004 and 2022 in Jiangxi Province[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (5) : 921 -924 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311502
正文
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乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis B virus，HBV）感染是导致慢性肝炎、肝硬化和原发性肝细胞癌的重要病因，且感染年龄越小，慢性化的可能性越大[1]。为有效防控HBV感染，江西省积极实施以免疫预防为主的乙型病毒性肝炎（简称乙肝）综合防治策略，2004年乙肝疫苗（HepB）全面纳入儿童免疫规划，为所有新生儿免费接种3剂次5 μg的HepB，2012年HepB接种剂量调整为10 μg/剂次；2015年实施乙肝母婴阻断，为乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性母亲的新生儿接种首诊HepB的同时接种1剂乙肝免疫球蛋白。为评价江西省儿童HepB免疫规划实施效果，客观反映江西省免疫规划儿童乙肝病毒感染情况和免疫水平，为进一步优化儿童乙肝防控策略提供参考。本研究对2004-2022年出生人群乙肝血清流行率开展了调查。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　调查对象
2016—2022年，每年选取3～4个设区市，3年内设区市不重复选取，每个被选取的设区市抽取1～2个县（市、区），原则上县（市、区）不重复抽取直至所有县（市、区）均被抽取过后方可重复抽取，每个被抽取的县（市、区）按年龄组（<8月龄、8～17月龄、18月龄～2岁、3～4岁、5～9岁、10～14岁、15～19岁）抽样,每个年龄组每年抽30人，7个年龄组分别获得符合条件的样本量1 238、1 339、1 394、1 346、1 369、1 119和321人。
1.2　标本采集
采被调查人静脉血3～5 ml，及时分离血清，每份血清标本分装在2支血清管内，1管检测，1管备用，-20℃保存。
1.3　检测方法
血清标本采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法检测HBsAg和乙肝表面抗体（HBsAb），检测试剂盒购自上海科华生物工程股份有限公司。HBsAg、 HBsAb S/COV<1.0判定为阴性，S/COV≥1.0判定为阳性。
1.4　统计分析
采用Excel 10.0对数据进行录入和整理，计算HBsAg、HBsAb阳性率；采用SPSS 16.0对抗体阳性率进行χ2检验，检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　研究对象基本特征
共调查2004—2022年出生的人群8 126人，其中男性4 842人（59.59%），女性3 284人（40.41%）；居住在城镇4 439人（54.63%），居住在农村3 687人（45.37%）；0～4岁、5～9岁、10～14岁和15～18岁分别5 317（65.43%）、1 369（16.85%）、1 195（13.77%）和321人（3.95%）；2012年前出生2 068人（25.45%），2012年后出生6 058人（74.55%）。见表1、2。
2.2　HBsAg和HBsAb阳性率的人群分布
共检测8 126人，其中HBsAg阳性114人，阳性率为1.40%，HBsAb阳性6 088人，阳性率为74.92%。
男性和女性HBsAg阳性率分别为1.14%、1.80%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.18，P=0.013）；HBsAb阳性率分别为75.55%、74.00%，差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.51，P=0.113）。
0～4岁、5～9岁、10～14岁、15～18岁人群HBsAg阳性率分别为1.17%、1.31%、2.14%、3.12%，总体差异有统计学意义（χ2=13.49，P=0.004）。两两比较中0～4岁与10～14岁、15～18岁及5～9岁与15～18岁组差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.72、9.12、5.17，P=0.010、0.007、0.027）；HBsAb阳性率分别为85.65%、60.26%、50.04%、46.42%，总体差异有统计学意义（χ2=9.90，P<0.001），两两比较仅10～14岁与15～18岁组差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.31，P=0.139）。
居住在城镇和农村的人群HBsAg阳性率分别为1.62%、1.14%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=3.40，P=0.040）；HBsAb阳性率分别为74.18%、75.81%，差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.83，P=0.095）。见表1。
2.3　接种剂量调整前后HBsAg和HBsAb阳性率
2012年前和2012年后出生的人群HBsAg阳性率分别为2.18%、1.14%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=11.99，P=0.001）；HBsAb阳性率分别为52.18%、82.28%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=7.64，P<0.001）。
2.4　HBsAg和HBsAb阳性率地区分布
11个设区市HBsAg阳性率介于0.45%～2.79%之间（χ2=37.18，P<0.001），HBsAb阳性率介于69.88%～84.30%之间（χ2=65.61，P<0.001）。新余市HBsAb阳性率最高，为84.30%，HBsAg阳性率最低，为0.45%。见表3。
3　讨论
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乙肝是严重危害人类健康的重大传染性疾病，全国乙肝血清流行病学调查结果显示，我国是乙肝病毒高流行国家，江西省是乙肝病毒高流行省份[2]。免疫系统正常的成年人，感染乙肝病毒后大多数能够及时清除病毒，表现为急性感染；而儿童和免疫力低下的人群由于免疫系统发病尚未完善和成熟，更容易感染HBV，且染后大多数不能将病毒彻底清除，从而导致慢性感染[3]，故年龄是HBV感染慢性化的重要因素，预防和控制乙肝要从婴幼儿抓起，出生之日就要及时接种乙肝疫苗。江西省自2004年全面实施儿童乙肝疫苗免疫规划，按0、1和6月接种程序对新生儿实施乙肝疫苗免费接种，并且保持高水平接种率[4]。
本次调查了8 126名2004—2022年出生人群的HBsAg和HBsAb。结果显示，114人HBsAg阳性，HBsAg阳性率为1.4%，与许伟等[5]的调查结果比较接近；6 088人HBsAb阳性，HBsAb阳性率为74.92%，与全国乙肝血清流调结果接近[2]。0～4岁、5～9岁、10～14岁、15～18岁人群HBsAg阳性率逐渐升高、HBsAb阳性率逐渐降低，与其他研究结果类似[6-7]。提示江西省2004—2022年出生人群HBV感染率较低，但随着年龄增长，HBsAb逐渐衰减。由于乙肝疫苗属于主动免疫，当机体再次感染病毒或接种疫苗，免疫系统会产生免疫记忆反应，所以抗体滴度下降或消失不代表一定失去保护效力[8]，但HepB免疫记忆随时间延长也会逐渐衰弱[9-10]。因此建议在不涉及入托、入学和入职的健康体格检查和医疗活动中，积极检测HBV标志物[11]。
2012年，江西省儿童乙肝疫苗接种剂量由5 μg增加到10 μg；2015年，全面实施乙肝母婴阻断策略。2012年后出生的人群HBsAb阳性率高于2012年前出生的人群，HBsAg阳性率低于2012年前出生的人群。说明增加乙肝疫苗接种剂量后，保护效果更好，实施乙肝母婴阻断也可使更多的儿童受到保护。因此，我们要坚持不懈夯实儿童HepB常规免疫，同时要做好乙肝母婴阻断工作。
江西省2004—2022年出生人群HBsAb阳性率无性别差异，但男性HBsAg阳性率显著低于女性，与四川省调查结果类似[12]，与江苏省研究结果不同[6]。可能与江西省重男轻女传统观念有关，男孩通常更受家长重视，能得到更好的保护和防护。
本研究还显示，居住在城镇的人和居住在农村的人HBsAb阳性率无差异，但居住在城镇的人HBsAg阳性率高于居住在农村的人。可能与居住在城镇的人活动范围更广、接触的HBV感染者机会更多有关。提示，居住在城镇的人可能有更高的乙肝病毒感染风险，除了加强免疫预防外，也要重视传染源的管理和传播途径的切断。
地区分布显示，江西省11个设区市HBsAg阳性率和HBsAb阳性率都存在显著差异。提示各设区市乙肝防控成效可能有差异，需针对各地问题落实整改，确保乙肝防控措施全面实施。
综上，江西省2004—2022年出生人群总HBsAg阳性率低，乙肝防控成效显著，但HBsAb阳性率也不高，HBsAg阳性率和HBsAb阳性率存在人群和地区差异，应采取针对性的防控措施进一步加强防控工作，在做好新生儿HepB接种和乙肝母婴阻断工作的同时，积极推进儿童乙肝血清学监测工作。本研究局限性为人群来源于前往医院就诊的非感染性疾病病人，可能对研究结果有一定影响。
基金
收起
  • 江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20202BABL206126)
  • 江西省卫生健康委科技计划(202211287)
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参考文献 引证文献
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2024年第51卷第5期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311502
  • 接收时间：2023-11-27
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2024-03-10
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  • 收稿日期：2023-11-27
基金
江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20202BABL206126)
江西省卫生健康委科技计划(202211287)
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    江西省疾病预防控制中心，江西 南昌 330029

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郭世成，E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
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species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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