Article(id=1241522920598598537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522919977841545, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309320, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1694966400000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773931730650, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1710000000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773931730650, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773931730650, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931730650, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241522919977841545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='5', pageStart='769', pageEnd='960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773931730503, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931880386, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241523548695622547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522919977841545, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241523548695622548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522919977841545, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=769, endPage=775, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241522922330846092, articleId=1241522920598598537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Two-sample Mendelian randomized analysis of the correlation between age-related hearing loss and Alzheimer’s disease, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the causal relationship between age-related hearing loss and Alzheimer’s disease through two-sample Mendelian randomized analysis.

Methods

Inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, simple model, and weighted model were used to evaluate the relationship between age-related hearing loss and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Sensitivity analysis (pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and leave-one-out test) was used to evaluate the robustness of the results.

Results

Statistical results showed that there was no causal association between age-related hearing loss and Alzheimer’s disease (inverse variance weighting method: OR=1.0526, 95%CI: 0.7155-1.5485; MR-Egger: OR=1.1347, 95%CI:0.2123-6.0660; weighted median method: OR=0.8908, 95%CI: 0.5281-1.5025; simple model method: OR=0.7157, 95%CI:0.2505-2.0445; weighted model method: OR=0.7470, 95%CI: 0.3153-1.7698). These results were consistent with that of Alzheimer’s disease proxy cases (inverse variance weighting method: OR=0.9560, 95%CI: 0.9008-1.0146; MR-Egger: OR=0.9887, 95%CI: 0.7729-1.2647; weighted median method: OR=0.9487, 95%CI: 0.8752-1.0283; simple model method: OR=0.9597, 95%CI: 0.8147-1.1305; Weighted model method: OR=0.9632, 95%CI: 0.8298-1.1179). Sensitivity analysis showed that there was no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy, indicating that the results were robust.

Conclusion

There is no evidence that age-related hearing loss is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

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目的

本研究通过双样本孟德尔随机化分析探讨年龄相关性听力损失与阿尔茨海默病之间的因果关系。

方法

采用逆方差加权、MR-Egger回归、加权中位数、简单模型和加权模型五种方法来评估年龄相关性听力损失与阿尔茨海默病风险之间的关系,采用敏感性分析(多效性、异质性和留一性检验)来评估结果的稳健性。

结果

统计结果显示与年龄相关的听力损失和阿尔茨海默病之间未见因果关联(逆方差加权法:OR=1.052 6,95%CI:0.715 5~1.548 5;MR-Egger:OR=1.134 7,95%CI:0.212 3~6.066 0;加权中位数法:OR=0.890 8,95%CI:0.528 1~1.502 5;简单模型法:OR=0.715 7,95%CI:0.250 5~2.044 5;加权模型法:OR=0.747 0,95%CI:0.315 3~1.769 8),这些结果与阿尔茨海默病代理数据相一致(逆方差加权法:OR=0.956 0,95%CI:0.900 8~1.014 6;MR-Egger:OR=0.988 7,95%CI:0.772 9~1.264 7;加权中位数法:OR=0.948 7,95%CI:0.875 2~1.028 3;简单模型法:OR=0.959 7,95%CI:0.814 7~1.130 5;加权模型法:OR=0.963 2,95%CI:0.829 8~1.117 9),敏感性分析显示没有显著的异质性或多效性,表明结果是稳健的。

结论

没有证据表明与年龄相关的听力损失与患阿尔茨海默病的风险增加有关。

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李浩,E-mail:
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吴素素(1997—),女,博士,研究方向:中医药防治心脑血管疾病

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SNPs strongly associated with both ARHL and AD

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SNPEAOAFSNP-ARHLSNP-AD
β Pβ P
rs10901863TC69.70-0.0210.0036.91×10-170.0030.0190.875
rs1126809AG61.29-0.0190.0024.94×10-150.0110.0160.512
rs117583072AG32.01-0.0540.0101.54×10-80.0700.1010.489
rs118176061CT30.17-0.0320.0063.96×10-80.0120.0710.868
rs11881070TC34.700.0150.0033.85×10-9-0.0150.0170.401
rs12938775AG33.250.0130.0028.10×10-9-0.0040.0150.773
rs13148153TC33.45-0.0200.0037.30×10-9-0.0240.0210.264
rs13204736AG53.36-0.0170.0022.78×10-130.0020.0160.897
rs13277721AG39.04-0.0140.0024.16×10-10-0.0070.0150.648
rs132929AG42.25-0.0150.0028.04×10-110.0030.0150.844
rs1566129CT42.480.0150.0027.15×10-11-0.0010.0140.969
rs2941580AG32.020.0130.0021.53×10-8-0.0080.0140.593
rs34929759CT96.21-0.0220.0021.04×10-22-0.0110.0140.428
rs36062310AG64.88-0.0450.0057.94×10-16-0.0270.0440.551
rs3915060TC33.890.0150.0035.84×10-90.0110.0160.477
rs4611552CT31.58-0.0150.0031.92×10-80.0120.0170.490
rs4732339AG31.07-0.0130.0022.48×10-80.0070.0150.653
rs55635402GA45.490.0190.0031.53×10-110.0240.0180.185
rs6443802AC48.740.0170.0022.93×10-12-0.0100.0150.530
rs6902016TC50.76-0.0160.0021.04×10-120.0060.0140.685
rs6968827GA33.41-0.0150.0037.47×10-9-0.0060.0170.741
rs741475TC33.350.0130.0027.72×10-90.0120.0140.398
rs74544416GA31.26-0.0250.0042.25×10-80.0390.0290.177
rs7525101TC40.90-0.0150.0021.61×10-10-0.0020.0150.912
rs78417468AG32.280.0150.0031.33×10-80.0270.0170.112
rs835259GT30.260.0120.0023.78×10-80.0050.0140.724
rs9493627AG37.85-0.0150.0027.66×10-100.0060.0150.702
), ArticleFig(id=1241678345662944007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522920598598537, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

SNPs和ARHL、AD均显著相关(AD病例)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SNPEAOAFSNP-ARHLSNP-AD
β Pβ P
rs10901863TC69.70-0.0210.0036.91×10-170.0030.0190.875
rs1126809AG61.29-0.0190.0024.94×10-150.0110.0160.512
rs117583072AG32.01-0.0540.0101.54×10-80.0700.1010.489
rs118176061CT30.17-0.0320.0063.96×10-80.0120.0710.868
rs11881070TC34.700.0150.0033.85×10-9-0.0150.0170.401
rs12938775AG33.250.0130.0028.10×10-9-0.0040.0150.773
rs13148153TC33.45-0.0200.0037.30×10-9-0.0240.0210.264
rs13204736AG53.36-0.0170.0022.78×10-130.0020.0160.897
rs13277721AG39.04-0.0140.0024.16×10-10-0.0070.0150.648
rs132929AG42.25-0.0150.0028.04×10-110.0030.0150.844
rs1566129CT42.480.0150.0027.15×10-11-0.0010.0140.969
rs2941580AG32.020.0130.0021.53×10-8-0.0080.0140.593
rs34929759CT96.21-0.0220.0021.04×10-22-0.0110.0140.428
rs36062310AG64.88-0.0450.0057.94×10-16-0.0270.0440.551
rs3915060TC33.890.0150.0035.84×10-90.0110.0160.477
rs4611552CT31.58-0.0150.0031.92×10-80.0120.0170.490
rs4732339AG31.07-0.0130.0022.48×10-80.0070.0150.653
rs55635402GA45.490.0190.0031.53×10-110.0240.0180.185
rs6443802AC48.740.0170.0022.93×10-12-0.0100.0150.530
rs6902016TC50.76-0.0160.0021.04×10-120.0060.0140.685
rs6968827GA33.41-0.0150.0037.47×10-9-0.0060.0170.741
rs741475TC33.350.0130.0027.72×10-90.0120.0140.398
rs74544416GA31.26-0.0250.0042.25×10-80.0390.0290.177
rs7525101TC40.90-0.0150.0021.61×10-10-0.0020.0150.912
rs78417468AG32.280.0150.0031.33×10-80.0270.0170.112
rs835259GT30.260.0120.0023.78×10-80.0050.0140.724
rs9493627AG37.85-0.0150.0027.66×10-100.0060.0150.702
), ArticleFig(id=1241678345998488334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522920598598537, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

SNPs strongly associated with both ARHL and AD (proxy AD)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SNPEAOAFSNP-ARHLSNP-AD
β Pβ P
rs10901863TC69.70-0.0210.0036.91×10-170.0050.0060.378
rs1126809AG61.29-0.0190.0024.94×10-150.0010.0030.669
rs117583072AG32.01-0.0540.0101.54×10-80.0030.0110.795
rs11881070TC34.700.0150.0033.85×10-9-0.0030.0020.230
rs12938775AG33.250.0130.0028.10×10-90.0000.0020.869
rs13148153TC33.45-0.0190.0037.30×10-90.0020.0030.572
rs13277721AG39.04-0.0140.0024.16×10-100.0010.0020.801
rs132929AG42.25-0.0150.0028.04×10-11-0.0040.0020.054
rs1566129CT42.480.0150.0027.15×10-11-0.0010.0020.675
rs2941580AG32.020.0130.0021.53×10-80.0010.0020.637
rs34929759CT96.21-0.0220.0021.04×10-22-0.0020.0020.325
rs36062310AG64.88-0.0450.0067.94×10-160.0000.0060.974
rs3915060TC33.890.0150.0035.84×10-90.0010.0020.721
rs4611552CT31.58-0.0150.0031.92×10-8-0.0020.0030.549
rs4732339AG31.07-0.0130.0022.48×10-80.0010.0020.570
rs55635402GA45.490.0190.0031.53×10-110.0000.0030.955
rs6443802AC48.740.0170.0022.93×10-12-0.0010.0020.703
rs67307131CT51.44-0.0170.0027.40×10-130.0010.0020.602
rs6902016TC50.76-0.0160.0021.04×10-120.0030.0020.137
rs6968827GA33.41-0.0150.0037.47×10-90.0040.0030.155
rs741475TC33.350.0130.0027.72×10-90.0000.0020.971
rs74544416GA31.26-0.0250.0042.25×10-80.0050.0040.266
rs7525101TC40.90-0.0150.0021.61×10-10-0.0010.0020.685
rs78417468AG32.280.0150.0031.33×10-8-0.0030.0030.316
rs835259GT30.260.0120.0023.78×10-8-0.0020.0020.284
rs9493627AG37.85-0.0150.0027.66×10-100.0040.0020.093
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SNPs和ARHL、AD均显著相关(AD代理病例)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SNPEAOAFSNP-ARHLSNP-AD
β Pβ P
rs10901863TC69.70-0.0210.0036.91×10-170.0050.0060.378
rs1126809AG61.29-0.0190.0024.94×10-150.0010.0030.669
rs117583072AG32.01-0.0540.0101.54×10-80.0030.0110.795
rs11881070TC34.700.0150.0033.85×10-9-0.0030.0020.230
rs12938775AG33.250.0130.0028.10×10-90.0000.0020.869
rs13148153TC33.45-0.0190.0037.30×10-90.0020.0030.572
rs13277721AG39.04-0.0140.0024.16×10-100.0010.0020.801
rs132929AG42.25-0.0150.0028.04×10-11-0.0040.0020.054
rs1566129CT42.480.0150.0027.15×10-11-0.0010.0020.675
rs2941580AG32.020.0130.0021.53×10-80.0010.0020.637
rs34929759CT96.21-0.0220.0021.04×10-22-0.0020.0020.325
rs36062310AG64.88-0.0450.0067.94×10-160.0000.0060.974
rs3915060TC33.890.0150.0035.84×10-90.0010.0020.721
rs4611552CT31.58-0.0150.0031.92×10-8-0.0020.0030.549
rs4732339AG31.07-0.0130.0022.48×10-80.0010.0020.570
rs55635402GA45.490.0190.0031.53×10-110.0000.0030.955
rs6443802AC48.740.0170.0022.93×10-12-0.0010.0020.703
rs67307131CT51.44-0.0170.0027.40×10-130.0010.0020.602
rs6902016TC50.76-0.0160.0021.04×10-120.0030.0020.137
rs6968827GA33.41-0.0150.0037.47×10-90.0040.0030.155
rs741475TC33.350.0130.0027.72×10-90.0000.0020.971
rs74544416GA31.26-0.0250.0042.25×10-80.0050.0040.266
rs7525101TC40.90-0.0150.0021.61×10-10-0.0010.0020.685
rs78417468AG32.280.0150.0031.33×10-8-0.0030.0030.316
rs835259GT30.260.0120.0023.78×10-8-0.0020.0020.284
rs9493627AG37.85-0.0150.0027.66×10-100.0040.0020.093
), ArticleFig(id=1241678348586373911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522920598598537, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of five causal effect estimates and sensitivity analyses in MR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结局方法POR95%CICochran QP截距(P
AD (Kunkle)IVW0.794 71.052 60.715 5~1.548 50.979 4
MR-Egger0.883 71.134 70.212 3~6.066 00.970 4-0.001 3(0.928 8)
Weighted median0.664 60.890 80.528 1~1.502 5
Simple mode0.537 70.715 70.250 5~2.044 5
Weighted mode0.513 20.747 00.315 3~1.769 8
AD (Jansen)IVW0.137 90.956 00.900 8~1.014 60.858 3
MR-Egger0.928 70.988 70.772 9~1.264 70.824 8-0.000 6(0.784 7)
Weighted median0.200 10.948 70.875 2~1.028 3
Simple mode0.627 00.959 70.814 7~1.130 5
Weighted mode0.625 80.963 20.829 8~1.117 9
), ArticleFig(id=1241678348905141019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522920598598537, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

五种因果效应估计和敏感性分析的结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结局方法POR95%CICochran QP截距(P
AD (Kunkle)IVW0.794 71.052 60.715 5~1.548 50.979 4
MR-Egger0.883 71.134 70.212 3~6.066 00.970 4-0.001 3(0.928 8)
Weighted median0.664 60.890 80.528 1~1.502 5
Simple mode0.537 70.715 70.250 5~2.044 5
Weighted mode0.513 20.747 00.315 3~1.769 8
AD (Jansen)IVW0.137 90.956 00.900 8~1.014 60.858 3
MR-Egger0.928 70.988 70.772 9~1.264 70.824 8-0.000 6(0.784 7)
Weighted median0.200 10.948 70.875 2~1.028 3
Simple mode0.627 00.959 70.814 7~1.130 5
Weighted mode0.625 80.963 20.829 8~1.117 9
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年龄相关听力损失与阿尔茨海默病相关性的两样本孟德尔随机化分析
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吴素素 1, 2 , 胡芳晓 3 , 黄巧艺 1, 4 , 常佳欢 5 , 刘南阳 4 , 曹宇 4 , 裴卉 4 , 李浩 2, 4
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(5): 769-775
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(5): 769-775
年龄相关听力损失与阿尔茨海默病相关性的两样本孟德尔随机化分析
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吴素素1, 2, 胡芳晓3, 黄巧艺1, 4, 常佳欢5, 刘南阳4, 曹宇4, 裴卉4, 李浩2, 4
作者信息
  • 1.北京中医药大学研究生院,北京 100029
  • 2.中国中医科学院望京医院,北京 100102
  • 3.山东中医药大学第一临床医学院
  • 4.中国中医科学院西苑医院老年病科,北京 100091
  • 5.山东中医药大学第二附属医院风湿免疫科
  • 吴素素(1997—),女,博士,研究方向:中医药防治心脑血管疾病

通讯作者:

李浩,E-mail:
Two-sample Mendelian randomized analysis of the correlation between age-related hearing loss and Alzheimer’s disease
Su-su WU1, 2, Fang-xiao HU3, Qiao-yi HUANG1, 4, Jia-huan CHANG5, Nan-yang LIU4, Yu CAO4, Hui PEI4, Hao LI2, 4
Affiliations
  • Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
出版时间: 2024-03-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309320
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目的

本研究通过双样本孟德尔随机化分析探讨年龄相关性听力损失与阿尔茨海默病之间的因果关系。

方法

采用逆方差加权、MR-Egger回归、加权中位数、简单模型和加权模型五种方法来评估年龄相关性听力损失与阿尔茨海默病风险之间的关系,采用敏感性分析(多效性、异质性和留一性检验)来评估结果的稳健性。

结果

统计结果显示与年龄相关的听力损失和阿尔茨海默病之间未见因果关联(逆方差加权法:OR=1.052 6,95%CI:0.715 5~1.548 5;MR-Egger:OR=1.134 7,95%CI:0.212 3~6.066 0;加权中位数法:OR=0.890 8,95%CI:0.528 1~1.502 5;简单模型法:OR=0.715 7,95%CI:0.250 5~2.044 5;加权模型法:OR=0.747 0,95%CI:0.315 3~1.769 8),这些结果与阿尔茨海默病代理数据相一致(逆方差加权法:OR=0.956 0,95%CI:0.900 8~1.014 6;MR-Egger:OR=0.988 7,95%CI:0.772 9~1.264 7;加权中位数法:OR=0.948 7,95%CI:0.875 2~1.028 3;简单模型法:OR=0.959 7,95%CI:0.814 7~1.130 5;加权模型法:OR=0.963 2,95%CI:0.829 8~1.117 9),敏感性分析显示没有显著的异质性或多效性,表明结果是稳健的。

结论

没有证据表明与年龄相关的听力损失与患阿尔茨海默病的风险增加有关。

孟德尔随机化分析  /  与年龄有关的听力损失  /  阿尔茨海默病  /  因果关系  /  危险因素
Objective

To explore the causal relationship between age-related hearing loss and Alzheimer’s disease through two-sample Mendelian randomized analysis.

Methods

Inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, simple model, and weighted model were used to evaluate the relationship between age-related hearing loss and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Sensitivity analysis (pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and leave-one-out test) was used to evaluate the robustness of the results.

Results

Statistical results showed that there was no causal association between age-related hearing loss and Alzheimer’s disease (inverse variance weighting method: OR=1.0526, 95%CI: 0.7155-1.5485; MR-Egger: OR=1.1347, 95%CI:0.2123-6.0660; weighted median method: OR=0.8908, 95%CI: 0.5281-1.5025; simple model method: OR=0.7157, 95%CI:0.2505-2.0445; weighted model method: OR=0.7470, 95%CI: 0.3153-1.7698). These results were consistent with that of Alzheimer’s disease proxy cases (inverse variance weighting method: OR=0.9560, 95%CI: 0.9008-1.0146; MR-Egger: OR=0.9887, 95%CI: 0.7729-1.2647; weighted median method: OR=0.9487, 95%CI: 0.8752-1.0283; simple model method: OR=0.9597, 95%CI: 0.8147-1.1305; Weighted model method: OR=0.9632, 95%CI: 0.8298-1.1179). Sensitivity analysis showed that there was no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy, indicating that the results were robust.

Conclusion

There is no evidence that age-related hearing loss is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

Mendelian randomized analysis  /  Age-related hearing loss  /  Alzheimer’s disease  /  Causality  /  Risk factor
吴素素, 胡芳晓, 黄巧艺, 常佳欢, 刘南阳, 曹宇, 裴卉, 李浩. 年龄相关听力损失与阿尔茨海默病相关性的两样本孟德尔随机化分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (5) : 769 -775 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309320
Su-su WU, Fang-xiao HU, Qiao-yi HUANG, Jia-huan CHANG, Nan-yang LIU, Yu CAO, Hui PEI, Hao LI. Two-sample Mendelian randomized analysis of the correlation between age-related hearing loss and Alzheimer’s disease[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (5) : 769 -775 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309320
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease, AD)是一种以认知功能障碍和行为异常为特征的神经退行性疾病[1]。随着人口老龄化的趋势,AD的患病率逐渐上升,预计到2060年,美国AD的数量将达到1 385万人[2]。到2020年,AD占中国痴呆症的65%,成为中国城市人群中第五大死亡原因[3]。目前发病假说主要是β淀粉样蛋白和Tau蛋白沉积。AD仍是世界上难以治愈的疾病,因此能够早期识别AD的可改变的危险因素对该疾病具有重要的现实意义。年龄相关性听力损失(age-related hearing loss, ARHL)是一种以双侧老年性耳聋或对称性感音神经性听力损失为特征的年龄相关性疾病,影响半数以上的老年人,已成为危及其生活质量的第三大疾病,带来巨大的健康和经济负担[4]。近年越来越多的研究表明,听力损失与AD密不可分,为AD的一个可改变的危险因素,触发AD的发生和发展[5-8]。研究表明中枢性听力损失增加AD和痴呆症的发病率,而且听力损失与AD患者的β淀粉样蛋白、Tau蛋白水平升高相关[69]。也有一些研究得出相反的结论,如荟萃分析表明ARHL和AD之间没有明显的因果关系[10]。澳大利亚的队列研究结果发现听力损失是轻度认知障碍的预测风险因素,而不是痴呆的预测风险因素[11]。尽管一些学者认为听力损失和认知障碍是相关的,但尚不清楚听力损失和痴呆是如何联系起来的[12]。ARHL和AD之间潜在的因果关系尚不明确[13]。上面提到的多数研究都是观察性研究,可能因混杂因素和反向关联而产生虚假的因果关联。而孟德尔随机化(Mendelian randomization, MR)是研究因果关系的一种新方法。本研究从孟德尔遗传定律出发,父母的等位基因随机分配给后代,人为选择暴露和结局,将与暴露因素有强相关性的遗传变异作为工具变量,在基因水平推断暴露和结局之间的因果效应。基因型的分布先于外部暴露因素,符合时间顺序的合理性。而外部混杂因素不受这种随机分配的影响,因此可以更准确地评估暴露与结局之间的因果关系[14-15]。在本研究中,我们使用MR方法探索ARHL和AD相关的遗传变异之间的潜在因果关系。
本研究使用双样本MR方法来评估ARHL和AD之间的因果效应关系。MR分析需要遵循以下三个核心假设[16]:(1)关联性假设:单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)的工具变量必须与暴露因素密切相关;(2)独立性假设:遗传变异与影响暴露和结局的混杂因素相独立;(3)排他性假设:SNPs只能通过暴露对结局产生影响。
ARHL的数据来GWAS汇总数据,包括330 759个欧洲个体,具有108 858 770个SNPs,汇总数据公开来自https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/datasets/ebi-a-GCST90012115/。AD数据主要来自国际阿尔茨海默氏症基因组学项目(IGAP)研究的荟萃分析,该研究共纳入了62 926名欧洲个体,包括21 982名临床或尸检诊断为AD的患者和41 944名认知正常对照者[17]。使用来自英国生物样本库的基于父母诊断的AD代理病例(即具有AD疾病家族史的病例)的GWAS数据来验证分析,共有455 258名欧洲血统的个体被纳入研究,(由于很难包括足够多的晚发性AD的病例,通过亲代对疾病风险的估计,可显著提高AD代理表型的统计功效[18])包括71 880例病例和383 378例对照[19]
工具变量满足所选的SNPs与听力损失密切相关,工具变量阈值设置为P<5×10-8;去除连锁不平衡(linkage disequilibrium, LD),确保所选的SNPs相互独立[19],筛选标准为R2<0.001,KB=10 000,通过R软件的两样本MR包进行筛选。为了满足独立性假设和排他性假设,使用phenoscanner网站剔除与混杂因素相关的SNPs(http://www.phenoscanner.medschl.cam.ac.uk)。计算F统计量()进一步验证关联性假设,并排除弱工具变量的偏倚(F<10),确定最终的工具变量。
本研究采用逆方差加权(IVW)、MR-Egger、加权中位数、简单模型和加权模式五种方法来评估ARHL和AD之间的因果关系。IVW是主要的评价方法,当所有的SNPs都是有效的工具变量时,IVW因果关系的检验效能最高,若存在无效的工具变量,因果效应结果会产生偏倚[20]。MR-Egger回归斜率系数用来评估真实的因果效应,当存在多效性工具变量时,因果评估的可靠性会受到影响[21]。加权中位数法和IVW法相互补充,即使有一半的工具变量无效,也可提供一致的因果关系。加权中位数方法也可作为敏感性分析来评估因果关联的稳健性[22]。可将简单模型和加权模式法作为因果效应检验的辅助方法。因果效应评价的结果通常用比值比(OR)和95%置信区间(CI)表示。
本研究通过CochranQ检验评估的因果效应的异质性,当结果异质性较大时,选择随机效应模型,反之选择固定效应模型。当P<0.1表明存在异质性[23]。MR-Egger和MR-PRESSO用于检验MR分析中的水平多效性。MR-Egger截距和零无统计学差异时表明不存在多效性[24],如果MR-PRESSO中存在异常值,则水平多效性可以通过消除异常值来修正,P>0.05表示不存在水平多效性[25]。留一法通过逐个去除SNPs来检验剩余SNPs的效应大小,以评估结果的稳健性[26]。所有数据分析均在R4.2.2软件中进行,使用Two SampleMR软件包(0.56版)和MRPRESSO软件包(1.0版)。本研究报告按照STROBE-MR的声明进行规范书写[27]
使用R软件筛选与暴露密切相关的SNP,其中F统计量均>10说明不存在弱工具变量。PhenoSacnner网站用于排除与AD危险因素密切相关的SNPs,通过筛选剔除了与糖尿病、高血压和高脂血症表型相关的rs62033400[28],与高血压相关的rs10948071[28]。在AD的GWAS数据中提取出27个SNPs作为工具变量,AD代理病例的GWAS数据中纳入26个SNPs。表12表示了ARHL和AD的SNPs的特征信息。
AD数据的IVW结果提示ARHL和AD风险之间未见明显因果关系(OR=1.052 6,95%CI:0.715 5~1.548 5),MR-Egger(OR=1.134 7,95%CI:0.212 3~6.066 0)、加权中位法(OR=0.890 8,95%CI=0.528 1~1.502 5)、简单模型法(OR=0.715 7,95%CI:0.250 5~2.044 5)、加权模型法(OR=0.747 0,95%CI:0.315 3~1.7698 3)均不能支持两者之间的因果关系,见图12表3。代理AD数据IVW(OR=0.956 0,95%CI:0.900 8~1.014 6)、MR-Egger(OR=0.988 7,95%CI:0.772 9~1.264 7)、加权中位法(OR=0.948 7,95%CI:0.875 2~1.028 3)、简单模型法(OR=0.959 7,95%CI:0.814 7~1.130 5)、中位模型法(OR=0.963 2,95%CI:0.829 8~1.117 9)的结果与AD数据结果一致,见图34表3
Cochran Q异质性检验中IVW、MR-Egger P值均大于0.1,说明不存在异质性,选择固定效应模型进行分析,见表3。MR-Egger截距为-0.001 3,MR-PRESSO未检测到离群的SNP,证明了该结果在基因水平上不受多效性的影响,符合MR的排他性假设。AD代理数据的敏感性分析结果显示不存在异质性和多效性,见表3。留一法分析中未发现对结果有显著影响的单一SNP影响结果稳健性,见图56。漏斗图两侧基本证明不存在异质性,见图78
本研究使用了公开的ARHL和AD的GWAS数据库,从两样本MR分析显示ARHL与AD的发生之间没有显著的相关性。这与之前的MR研究结果一致[29]。和既往MR研究相比,本研究使用AD代理病例的GWAS数据来验证因果关系,加强了本研究结果的说服力。AD是世界上棘手的慢性病之一,给社会带来了沉重负担。依据先前研究有三种潜在的致病途径可以解释听力损失是AD独立和可改变的危险因素[30]:第一,认知负荷假说。听力丧失后,听觉系统需要更多的认知资源进行处理,导致工作记忆认知能力的恶化。第二,听力损失会改变大脑的结构,导致β淀粉样蛋白和Tau蛋白的沉积,从而增加患AD的风险。第三,听力损失会导致社会孤立,增加孤独感,并导致认知障碍。然而,观察性研究的结论容易受到各种外部混杂因素的影响,不能准确地反映因果关系,这限制了因果关系的推断。部分研究表明ARHL和AD之间共同的致病机制可能是它们之间关系的原因。单细胞测序结果显示两者的致病基因部分重叠,表明两种疾病可能具有共同的致病机制[31]。而且这两种疾病在线粒体功能障碍和脂质代谢紊乱方面有共同点,提示可能是这两种疾病易感性的生物学基础[32]。虽然ARHL和AD可能存在共病的基础,但ARHL并不一定是导致AD的原因,而衰老、血管微环境和APOE4是诱发AD的必要因素[33]。而且听力是评价认知能力的重要因素。听力损失会导致认知评价偏倚,从而在两者之间造成错误的联系[34]。研究表明使用助听器对听力损失患者干预后并未明显改善认知障碍[35-36],因此我们推测听力损失和AD的临床病理是由相同衰老机制下的退行性疾病引起的,并且是同时发生的。
本研究的优势在于使用了大样本量的GWAS数据,研究人群均为欧洲血统,且不易受到外部混杂因素的影响,因此减少了反向因果关系混杂的影响,结果是较为可靠的。本研究仍存在以下局限性:第一是所选AD的GWAS数据病例数量较少,若可以使用较多病例数的GWAS数据,结果的可靠性将进一步增强;第二是数据来源均为欧洲种群,由于各物种间的异质性,不能广泛推广到整个人类种群;第三是本研究使用的数据来源均为合并的GWAS数据,不能进一步按年龄和性别进行分层,可能导致结果存在偏倚;第四是本研究不能确定ARHL对AD的进展、生存结局和预后的影响。综上所述目前的MR结果显示没有足够的证据表明ARHL可以导致AD。两者之间的关系及病理机制有待进一步研究。
  • 国家重点研发计划“中医药现代化”重点专项(2022YFC3501400)
  • 医药传承与创新“百千万”人才工程(岐黄工程)岐黄学者(国中医药办人教函〔2019〕62号)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(ZZ15-XY-PT-02)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309320
  • 接收时间:2023-09-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-18
基金
国家重点研发计划“中医药现代化”重点专项(2022YFC3501400)
医药传承与创新“百千万”人才工程(岐黄工程)岐黄学者(国中医药办人教函〔2019〕62号)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(ZZ15-XY-PT-02)
作者信息
    1.北京中医药大学研究生院,北京 100029
    2.中国中医科学院望京医院,北京 100102
    3.山东中医药大学第一临床医学院
    4.中国中医科学院西苑医院老年病科,北京 100091
    5.山东中医药大学第二附属医院风湿免疫科

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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