Article(id=1241522859592446900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309310, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1695052800000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773931716106, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1707494400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773931716106, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773931716106, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931716106, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241522846384583426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='3', pageStart='385', pageEnd='576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773931712956, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931842201, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241523388544504301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241523388544504302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=460, endPage=465, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241522860632634357, articleId=1241522859592446900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A study on the current situation of behavioral problems and family-related factors of senior primary school students in Guizhou Province, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the current situation of behavioral problems of senior primary school students in Guizhou Province, and to explore the influence of family-related factors on primary school students’ behavioral problems.

Methods

By using the method of multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling, a total of 2 698 subjects were selected from one primary school in each of three urban areas with different levels of economic development in Guizhou Province. The parents of primary school students were investigated with self-made questionnaire and Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The χ2 test was used to compare the differences, and the logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between family-related factors and pupils’ behavior problems.

Results

The detection rate of behavior problems in senior primary school students was 11.60%, which was 11.79% in boys and 11.40% in girls, respectively, with no significant gender difference (P>0.05). The detection rate of behavior problems in students of grades 4 to 6 was 13.36%, 12.49%, and 9.30%, respectively, and the difference between grades was statistically significant (P<0.05). The top behavioral problem was obsessive-compulsive behavior (4.92%) and hyperactive behavior (3.44%) in 6-11-year-old boys and girls, respectively. The top behavioral problem was hyperactive behavior(2.66%) and aggressive behavior (15.30%) in 12-16-year-old boys and girls, respectively. The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that parents’ introverted personality, mother’s poor health status, and mother’s neglected rearing style were positively correlated with primary school students’ behavior problems (OR=1.52, 1.54, 1.74, and 2.22), while father’s college education, no bad life habits of parents, and father’s democratic rearing style were inversely correlated with primary school students’ behavior problems (OR=0.43, 0.66, 0.64, and 0.59).

Conclusion

The detection rate of behavioral problems among primary school students in Guizhou Province is still at a high level, which is related to various family factors. Parents should improve their own self-quality and improve the family environment to reduce the occurrence of behavioral problems in primary school students.

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目的

了解贵州省小学高年级学生行为问题现状,探讨家庭相关因素对小学生行为问题的影响。

方法

采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法抽取贵州省三个经济发展水平不同市区的城、乡各1所小学,共2 698名调查对象。采用自制调查问卷和家长用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)对小学生家长进行调查,使用χ2检验进行差异性比较,logistic回归分析家庭相关影响因素与小学生行为问题的关联。

结果

小学高年级学生行为问题检出率为11.60%,其中男、女生检出率分别为11.79%、11.40%,性别差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);4~6年级检出率分别为13.36%、12.49%和9.30%,年级差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。行为问题因子检出率,6~11岁年龄段男、女生分别以强迫性(4.92%)、多动(3.44%)居首;12~16岁年龄段男、女生分别以多动(2.66%)、攻击性(15.30%)居首。Logistic回归分析结果显示,父母亲内向型性格、母亲健康状况欠佳、母亲忽视型教养方式与小学生行为问题检出呈正相关(OR=1.52,1.54,1.74,2.22);父亲大专受教育程度、父母亲无不良生活嗜好、父亲民主型教养方式与小学生行为问题检出呈负相关(OR=0.43,0.66,0.64,0.59)。

结论

贵州省小学生行为问题检出率仍处于较高水平,与多种家庭因素相关,父母亲应提高自身素质改善家庭环境,减少小学生行为问题的发生。

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张江萍,E-mail:664746385qq.com
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=4TqkGlIfzQ1IJ4KzSbN/9w==, magXml=7i+JFbhLx1AeOoTk++fqiA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Kk2oaT+C/ll3qjTyvLU1ug==, pdfFileSize=622447, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=QlARDbClv+KeMEwtPuob2A==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

龙蓉(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:疾病预防与控制

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龙蓉(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:疾病预防与控制

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龙蓉(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:疾病预防与控制

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Comparison of the detection rate of behavior problems among primary school students in Guizhou Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量例数检出数/检出率(%)χ2P
年级8.130.017
4801107(13.36)
5929116(12.49)
696890(9.30)
性别0.100.748
1 382163(11.79)
1 316150(11.40)
), ArticleFig(id=1241680458765890397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522859592446900, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

贵州省小学生行为问题检出率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量例数检出数/检出率(%)χ2P
年级8.130.017
4801107(13.36)
5929116(12.49)
696890(9.30)
性别0.100.748
1 382163(11.79)
1 316150(11.40)
), ArticleFig(id=1241680458916885347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522859592446900, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of the detection rates of behavioral problem factors among primary school students in Guizhou Province [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
行为问题因子6~11岁行为问题因子12~16岁
男生(n=1 119)女生(n=1 133)男生(n=263)女生(n=183)
抑郁37(3.31)9(0.79)体诉2(0.76)0(0.00)
体诉15(1.34)11(0.97)分裂样0(0.00)7(3.38)
社交退缩34(3.04)33(2.91)不成熟2(0.76)8(4.37)
多动17(1.52)39(3.44)违纪4(1.52)2(1.09)
攻击性24(2.14)11(0.97)攻击性6(2.28)28(15.30)
违纪14(1.25)20(1.77)交往不良2(0.76)
分裂样32(2.86)强迫性7(2.66)
交往不良44(3.93)敌意性3(1.14)
强迫性55(4.92)多动7(2.66)
分裂强迫37(3.27)焦虑强迫0(0.00)
性问题9(0.79)抑郁退缩0(0.00)
残忍7(0.62)残忍4(2.19)
), ArticleFig(id=1241680459034325870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522859592446900, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

贵州省小学生行为问题因子检出率比较[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
行为问题因子6~11岁行为问题因子12~16岁
男生(n=1 119)女生(n=1 133)男生(n=263)女生(n=183)
抑郁37(3.31)9(0.79)体诉2(0.76)0(0.00)
体诉15(1.34)11(0.97)分裂样0(0.00)7(3.38)
社交退缩34(3.04)33(2.91)不成熟2(0.76)8(4.37)
多动17(1.52)39(3.44)违纪4(1.52)2(1.09)
攻击性24(2.14)11(0.97)攻击性6(2.28)28(15.30)
违纪14(1.25)20(1.77)交往不良2(0.76)
分裂样32(2.86)强迫性7(2.66)
交往不良44(3.93)敌意性3(1.14)
强迫性55(4.92)多动7(2.66)
分裂强迫37(3.27)焦虑强迫0(0.00)
性问题9(0.79)抑郁退缩0(0.00)
残忍7(0.62)残忍4(2.19)
), ArticleFig(id=1241680459181126511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522859592446900, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of the detection rate of behavioral problems among primary school students affected by different family-related factors in Guizhou Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量例数检出数/检出率(%)χ2P
主要照顾人0.110.739
父亲/母亲/父母亲2 425283(11.67)
祖父母/外祖父母/
其他27330(10.99)
家庭年收入(元)7.160.209
<12 000864111(12.85)
12 000~19 99947762(13.00)
20 000~59 99956663(11.13)
60 000~99 99938331(8.09)
100 000~199 99929532(10.85)
≥200 00011314(12.39)
父母婚姻状况4.100.25
已婚/同居2 245250(11.14)
再婚11012(10.91)
离异/分居32248(14.91)
丧偶213(14.29)
父亲性格33.20<0.001
外向型71081(11.41)
平稳型1 543147(9.53)
内向型39472(18.27)
消极型5113(25.49)
母亲性格14.060.003
外向型84190(10.70)
平稳型1 532165(10.77)
内向型27048(17.78)
消极型5510(18.18)
父亲健康状况11.460.001
非常健康2 075217(10.46)
身体欠佳62396(15.41)
母亲健康状况28.79<0.001
非常健康1 993192(9.63)
身体欠佳705121(17.16)
父亲文化程度15.460.004
小学及以下42762(14.52)
初中1 131143(12.64)
高中/技校/中专54657(10.44)
大专24913(5.22)
大学本科及以上34538(11.01)
母亲文化程度2.800.591
小学及以下51060(11.76)
初中1 109137(12.35)
高中/技校/中专47254(11.44)
大专26423(8.71)
大学本科及以上34339(11.37)
父亲不良生活嗜好20.80<0.001
1 574220(13.98)
1 12493(8.27)
母亲不良生活嗜好19.45<0.001
18540(21.62)
2 513273(10.86)
父亲教养方式60.54<0.001
专制型56174(13.19)
民主型1 663142(8.54)
溺爱型21334(15.96)
忽视型26163(24.14)
母亲教养方式32.10<0.001
专制型79494(11.84)
民主型1 619160(9.88)
溺爱型19034(17.89)
忽视型9525(26.32)
父亲在家时间17.50<0.001
一直在家1 418136(9.59)
经常不在家1 115145(13.00)
—直不在家16532(19.39)
母亲在家时间1.850.396
一直在家2 109238(11.28)
经常不在家43452(11.98)
—直不在家15523(14.84)
), ArticleFig(id=1241680459315344247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522859592446900, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

贵州省不同家庭相关因素下小学生行为问题检出率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量例数检出数/检出率(%)χ2P
主要照顾人0.110.739
父亲/母亲/父母亲2 425283(11.67)
祖父母/外祖父母/
其他27330(10.99)
家庭年收入(元)7.160.209
<12 000864111(12.85)
12 000~19 99947762(13.00)
20 000~59 99956663(11.13)
60 000~99 99938331(8.09)
100 000~199 99929532(10.85)
≥200 00011314(12.39)
父母婚姻状况4.100.25
已婚/同居2 245250(11.14)
再婚11012(10.91)
离异/分居32248(14.91)
丧偶213(14.29)
父亲性格33.20<0.001
外向型71081(11.41)
平稳型1 543147(9.53)
内向型39472(18.27)
消极型5113(25.49)
母亲性格14.060.003
外向型84190(10.70)
平稳型1 532165(10.77)
内向型27048(17.78)
消极型5510(18.18)
父亲健康状况11.460.001
非常健康2 075217(10.46)
身体欠佳62396(15.41)
母亲健康状况28.79<0.001
非常健康1 993192(9.63)
身体欠佳705121(17.16)
父亲文化程度15.460.004
小学及以下42762(14.52)
初中1 131143(12.64)
高中/技校/中专54657(10.44)
大专24913(5.22)
大学本科及以上34538(11.01)
母亲文化程度2.800.591
小学及以下51060(11.76)
初中1 109137(12.35)
高中/技校/中专47254(11.44)
大专26423(8.71)
大学本科及以上34339(11.37)
父亲不良生活嗜好20.80<0.001
1 574220(13.98)
1 12493(8.27)
母亲不良生活嗜好19.45<0.001
18540(21.62)
2 513273(10.86)
父亲教养方式60.54<0.001
专制型56174(13.19)
民主型1 663142(8.54)
溺爱型21334(15.96)
忽视型26163(24.14)
母亲教养方式32.10<0.001
专制型79494(11.84)
民主型1 619160(9.88)
溺爱型19034(17.89)
忽视型9525(26.32)
父亲在家时间17.50<0.001
一直在家1 418136(9.59)
经常不在家1 115145(13.00)
—直不在家16532(19.39)
母亲在家时间1.850.396
一直在家2 109238(11.28)
经常不在家43452(11.98)
—直不在家15523(14.84)
), ArticleFig(id=1241680459453756287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522859592446900, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of family-related factors of behavior problems in primary school students in Guizhou Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量β Wald值POR值(OR 95%CI
父亲性格(参照=外向型)
平稳型-0.140.160.800.3700.87(0.64~1.18)
内向型0.420.195.130.0231.52(1.06~2.19)
消极型0.450.371.500.2201.57(0.76~3.25)
母亲性格(参照=外向型)
平稳型0.120.150.660.4181.13(0.84~1.52)
内向型0.430.214.410.0361.54(1.03~2.30)
消极型0.090.400.050.8171.10(0.50~2.41)
父亲健康状况(参照=健康)
欠佳0.010.170.000.9531.01(0.73~1.40)
母亲健康状况(参照=健康)
欠佳0.550.1612.510.0001.74(1.28~2.36)
父亲受教育程度(参照=小学及以下)
初中-0.150.170.740.3900.86(0.62~1.21)
高中/技校/中专-0.200.210.920.3380.82(0.55~1.23)
大专-0.840.326.730.0100.43(0.23~0.81)
大学本科及以上0.120.230.220.6371.12(0.71~1.76)
父亲不良生活嗜好(参照=有)
-0.420.149.030.0030.66(0.50~0.86)
母亲不良生活嗜好(参照=有)
-0.450.214.670.0310.64(0.43~0.96)
父亲教养方式(参照=专制型)
民主型-0.530.189.230.0020.59(0.42~0.83)
溺爱型0.000.240.000.9961.00(0.62~1.61)
忽视型0.280.211.790.1811.32(0.88~2.01)
母亲教养方式(参照=专制型)
民主型0.130.160.660.4151.14(0.83~1.56)
溺爱型0.380.242.450.1181.45(0.91~2.33)
忽视型0.800.288.160.0042.22(1.29~3.85)
父亲在家时间(参照=一直在家)
经常不在家0.160.131.450.2291.17(0.91~1.52)
一直不在家0.350.242.250.1341.42(0.90~2.26)
), ArticleFig(id=1241680459600556934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522859592446900, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

贵州省小学生行为问题家庭相关因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量β Wald值POR值(OR 95%CI
父亲性格(参照=外向型)
平稳型-0.140.160.800.3700.87(0.64~1.18)
内向型0.420.195.130.0231.52(1.06~2.19)
消极型0.450.371.500.2201.57(0.76~3.25)
母亲性格(参照=外向型)
平稳型0.120.150.660.4181.13(0.84~1.52)
内向型0.430.214.410.0361.54(1.03~2.30)
消极型0.090.400.050.8171.10(0.50~2.41)
父亲健康状况(参照=健康)
欠佳0.010.170.000.9531.01(0.73~1.40)
母亲健康状况(参照=健康)
欠佳0.550.1612.510.0001.74(1.28~2.36)
父亲受教育程度(参照=小学及以下)
初中-0.150.170.740.3900.86(0.62~1.21)
高中/技校/中专-0.200.210.920.3380.82(0.55~1.23)
大专-0.840.326.730.0100.43(0.23~0.81)
大学本科及以上0.120.230.220.6371.12(0.71~1.76)
父亲不良生活嗜好(参照=有)
-0.420.149.030.0030.66(0.50~0.86)
母亲不良生活嗜好(参照=有)
-0.450.214.670.0310.64(0.43~0.96)
父亲教养方式(参照=专制型)
民主型-0.530.189.230.0020.59(0.42~0.83)
溺爱型0.000.240.000.9961.00(0.62~1.61)
忽视型0.280.211.790.1811.32(0.88~2.01)
母亲教养方式(参照=专制型)
民主型0.130.160.660.4151.14(0.83~1.56)
溺爱型0.380.242.450.1181.45(0.91~2.33)
忽视型0.800.288.160.0042.22(1.29~3.85)
父亲在家时间(参照=一直在家)
经常不在家0.160.131.450.2291.17(0.91~1.52)
一直不在家0.350.242.250.1341.42(0.90~2.26)
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贵州省小学高年级学生行为问题现状及家庭相关影响因素研究
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龙蓉 1 , 汪俊华 1 , 张江萍 1, 2 , 卢春远 1 , 毛永佳 1 , 叶德鑫 1 , 谢虹雅 3 , 陈太好 4 , 李秀玲 5
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(3): 460-465
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(3): 460-465
贵州省小学高年级学生行为问题现状及家庭相关影响因素研究
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龙蓉1, 汪俊华1, 张江萍1, 2, 卢春远1, 毛永佳1, 叶德鑫1, 谢虹雅3, 陈太好4, 李秀玲5
作者信息
  • 1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
  • 2.贵阳市云岩区卫生健康局,贵州 贵阳 550001
  • 3.中山大学第一医院附属贵州医院
  • 4.贵阳市公共卫生救治中心
  • 5.贵阳市云岩区疾病预防控制中心
  • 龙蓉(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:疾病预防与控制

通讯作者:

张江萍,E-mail:664746385qq.com
A study on the current situation of behavioral problems and family-related factors of senior primary school students in Guizhou Province
Rong LONG1, Jun-hua WANG1, Jiang-ping ZHANG1, 2, Chun-yuan LU1, Yong-jia MAO1, De-xin YE1, Hong-ya XIE3, Tai-hao CHEN4, Xiu-ling LI5
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China
出版时间: 2024-02-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309310
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目的

了解贵州省小学高年级学生行为问题现状,探讨家庭相关因素对小学生行为问题的影响。

方法

采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法抽取贵州省三个经济发展水平不同市区的城、乡各1所小学,共2 698名调查对象。采用自制调查问卷和家长用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)对小学生家长进行调查,使用χ2检验进行差异性比较,logistic回归分析家庭相关影响因素与小学生行为问题的关联。

结果

小学高年级学生行为问题检出率为11.60%,其中男、女生检出率分别为11.79%、11.40%,性别差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);4~6年级检出率分别为13.36%、12.49%和9.30%,年级差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。行为问题因子检出率,6~11岁年龄段男、女生分别以强迫性(4.92%)、多动(3.44%)居首;12~16岁年龄段男、女生分别以多动(2.66%)、攻击性(15.30%)居首。Logistic回归分析结果显示,父母亲内向型性格、母亲健康状况欠佳、母亲忽视型教养方式与小学生行为问题检出呈正相关(OR=1.52,1.54,1.74,2.22);父亲大专受教育程度、父母亲无不良生活嗜好、父亲民主型教养方式与小学生行为问题检出呈负相关(OR=0.43,0.66,0.64,0.59)。

结论

贵州省小学生行为问题检出率仍处于较高水平,与多种家庭因素相关,父母亲应提高自身素质改善家庭环境,减少小学生行为问题的发生。

小学生  /  CBCL  /  行为问题  /  家庭因素
Objective

To investigate the current situation of behavioral problems of senior primary school students in Guizhou Province, and to explore the influence of family-related factors on primary school students’ behavioral problems.

Methods

By using the method of multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling, a total of 2 698 subjects were selected from one primary school in each of three urban areas with different levels of economic development in Guizhou Province. The parents of primary school students were investigated with self-made questionnaire and Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The χ2 test was used to compare the differences, and the logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between family-related factors and pupils’ behavior problems.

Results

The detection rate of behavior problems in senior primary school students was 11.60%, which was 11.79% in boys and 11.40% in girls, respectively, with no significant gender difference (P>0.05). The detection rate of behavior problems in students of grades 4 to 6 was 13.36%, 12.49%, and 9.30%, respectively, and the difference between grades was statistically significant (P<0.05). The top behavioral problem was obsessive-compulsive behavior (4.92%) and hyperactive behavior (3.44%) in 6-11-year-old boys and girls, respectively. The top behavioral problem was hyperactive behavior(2.66%) and aggressive behavior (15.30%) in 12-16-year-old boys and girls, respectively. The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that parents’ introverted personality, mother’s poor health status, and mother’s neglected rearing style were positively correlated with primary school students’ behavior problems (OR=1.52, 1.54, 1.74, and 2.22), while father’s college education, no bad life habits of parents, and father’s democratic rearing style were inversely correlated with primary school students’ behavior problems (OR=0.43, 0.66, 0.64, and 0.59).

Conclusion

The detection rate of behavioral problems among primary school students in Guizhou Province is still at a high level, which is related to various family factors. Parents should improve their own self-quality and improve the family environment to reduce the occurrence of behavioral problems in primary school students.

Pupils  /  CBCL  /  Behavior problems  /  Family factors
龙蓉, 汪俊华, 张江萍, 卢春远, 毛永佳, 叶德鑫, 谢虹雅, 陈太好, 李秀玲. 贵州省小学高年级学生行为问题现状及家庭相关影响因素研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (3) : 460 -465 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309310
Rong LONG, Jun-hua WANG, Jiang-ping ZHANG, Chun-yuan LU, Yong-jia MAO, De-xin YE, Hong-ya XIE, Tai-hao CHEN, Xiu-ling LI. A study on the current situation of behavioral problems and family-related factors of senior primary school students in Guizhou Province[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (3) : 460 -465 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309310
儿童行为问题是指在童年期出现的在严重程度和持续时间上都超过了相应年龄所允许的正常范围的异常行为[1]。儿童青少年行为问题检出率在10%~30%之间[2],行为问题不仅严重影响儿童的生长发育和生活质量,而且也给家庭和社会带来沉重的经济负担,进而导致长期社会问题[3]。尤其处于青春期初期的小学高年级学生,其心理和生理发展不同步,行为问题的持续存在可以一直影响成人时期的行为发展导致成人犯罪等严重后果[4]。家庭因素是影响儿童行为外环境中最基础、最重要的组成部分,也是儿童青少年社会化的第一个环节,儿童认知和行为很大程度上取决于家庭环境。家庭环境的改变,如父母婚姻状况[5]、家庭结构[6]、家庭经济地位[7]等可能会影响儿童行为问题的发生。本研究以小学4~6年级学生为研究对象,了解小学高年级学生行为问题现状,探讨家庭相关因素对小学生行为问题的影响,为预防小学生不良行为问题提供参考依据。
根据2020年贵州省经济发展水平分为高、中、低3层,采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取贵州省贵阳市、都匀市和凯里市3个市州,从3个市州分别抽取城市和农村各1所小学,共6所小学学校,从每所小学4~6年级的学生中抽取4个班级,共72个班级的全体小学生家长或主要照顾人作为研究对象,共计发放问卷3 040份,收回问卷2 786份,有效问卷2 698份,有效率为96.84%。此次调查均在学生家长的知情同意下进行,本研究获得贵州医科大学伦理委员会批准(批准号:2021064)。
2021年8—12月进行问卷调查。调查内容包括:(1)一般情况:自编问卷内容由一般基本情况(性别、年龄、年级等)、家庭一般情况(主要照顾人、父母亲受教育程度、经济能力、身体状况、婚姻状况、不良生活嗜好、教养方式等)等组成。(2)小学生行为问题:采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(child behavior checklist, CBCL)中国标准化版(家长用),该量表由父母或主要照顾人根据最近儿童6个月的实际情况进行填写。行为问题包括113个题目,采用Likert 3级评分标准,“没有该表现”计0分,“偶尔有此表现”计1分,“经常有此表”计2分,各项目累积得分即为行为问题总分。儿童行为问题依据性别和年龄进行划分,行为问题分界值6~11岁男生为40~42分,女生为37~41分;12~16岁男生为38分,女生为37分,行为问题总分超过常模分则评定为存在行为问题。行为问题因子6~11岁男生包括分裂样、抑郁、交往不良、强迫性、体诉、社交退缩、多动、攻击性和违纪,女生包括抑郁、社交退缩、体诉、分裂强迫、多动、性问题、违纪、攻击性和残忍;12~16岁男生包括体诉、分裂样、交往不良、不成熟、强迫性、敌意性、违纪、攻击性和多动,女生包括焦虑强迫、体诉、分裂样、抑郁退缩、不成熟、违纪、攻击性和残忍,把每条项目粗分累加得到该因子,因子分超过常模分则认为存在行为问题表现[8]。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.95。
使用EpiData 3.1软件建立数据库并进行数据录入,采用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行统计描述分析,定量资料使用(均数±标准差),定性资料使用率(%)进行描述,使用χ2检验对小学生行为问题因子检出率、家庭因素行为问题检出率进行差异性比较,使用logistic回归分析家庭因素与小学生行为问题之间的关系。检验水准α=0.05。
行为问题检出率为11.60%,其中男生11.79%,女生11.40%,检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。行为问题检出率分别为4年级13.36%、5年级12.49%、6年级9.30%,检出率在年级之间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1
6~11岁年龄段行为问题因子检出率中,男生以强迫性、交往不良和抑郁检出率居前三位,分别为4.92%、3.93%、3.31%;女生以多动、分裂强迫和社交退缩检出率居前三位,分别为3.44%、3.27%、2.91%。12~16岁年龄段行为问题因子检出率中,男生以多动、强迫性和攻击性居前三位,分别为2.66%、2.66%、2.28%;女生以攻击性、不成熟和分裂样居前三位,分别为15.30%、4.37%、3.38%。见表2
小学生行为问题检出率在父母亲性格、父母亲健康状况、父亲文化程度、父母亲有无不良生活嗜好、父母亲教养方式和父亲在家时间等因素的组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表3
将单因素分析中P<0.05的变量作为自变量,有无行为问题作为因变量(0=无行为问题,1=有行为问题)进行多因素logistic回归分析。模型VIF值在1.049~1.338之间,说明模型不存在共线性问题。父母亲内向型性格、母亲身体欠佳、母亲忽视型教养方式与小学生行为问题检出呈正相关;父亲大专受教育程度、父母亲无不良生活嗜好、父亲民主型教养方式与小学生行为问题检出呈负相关。见表4
本研究中,贵州省小学高年级学生行为问题检出率为11.60%,与忻仁峨等人[8]全国22个城市协作调查组的检出率相近,但低于2000年邓冰等人(14.17%)[9]、2010年朱焱等人(13.27%)[10]对贵阳城区小学生行为问题检出率,原因可能与贵州省近年来经济发展迅速有关,人民生活物质水平都得到了很大的提高,医疗卫生水平与学校卫生保健工作更完善,更有利于小学生身心发展有关。
行为问题检出率分别为4年级13.36%、5年级12.49%、6年级9.30%,随着年级的增高,学生行为问题检出率降低,这与既往研究一致[11],提示小学低年级是预防行为问题的关键时期,家长和学校应从低年级开始注重学生的心理和行为健康教育工作。本研究中不同年龄段行为问题因子检出率男生以强迫性、交往不良等内化表现为主,女生以多动、攻击性等外化表现为主。可能是受中国传统重男轻女的家庭观念的影响,父母对男生的期待比女生更高,男生处于过度干涉或保护的环境,一定程度上阻碍了男生的表达能力,导致内化行为加重[2]。女生外化行为问题的发生可能与父母的教养方式有关,严厉的教养方式可能引起儿童的叛逆心理,表现出更多的外化行为[12]。且不同性别的学生心理发展存在差异,女生身心发育相对男生提前,其对周围环境的变化更加敏感[13],因此可能导致男、女生表现出不同的行为问题。提示家庭和学校应根据不同年龄段不同性别采用不同的方法强化现阶段孩子的心理健康教育,及时纠正小学生突出的行为问题。
研究结果显示,与身体非常健康相比,母亲身体状况欠佳其小学生行为问题检出率高,可能由于母亲身体状况差,导致家庭经济压力增加,小学生感知到家庭经济困难从而表现出内化和外化行为问题[14]。同时由于母亲身体状况欠佳甚至存在躯体疾病,父母对小学生的关注度减少,小学生长期处于情感忽略状态,不利于其身心发展,容易导致行为问题的发生。作为家庭系统的结构要素,父母受教育程度的高低可以直接影响家庭的心理环境和子女的发展,而本研究发现,与小学及以下文化程度相比,父亲本科以上文化程度与小学生行为问题检出率差异无统计学意义,可能的原因是文化程度高的父亲面临的工作和生活的压力较大,缺少管教子女的时间,且其对子女的要求和期待较高,此种情况家长与子女容易发生冲突和矛盾,可能导致子女表现出相应的行为问题[15]。父母亲无生活不良嗜好与小学生行为问题检出率呈负相关,父母亲是儿童生活学习的第一人,生活中的行为儿童会无意识的模仿,从而潜移默化的影响其行为问题。既往研究表明具有酗酒不良嗜好的父母亲,其孩子比普通人群的孩子表现出更多的外化行为问题[16]。父母亲性格为内向型,小学生行为问题检出率越高,这与既往研究一致[17]。儿童性格很大程度上受父母亲性格的影响,父母亲内向型性格可能导致其与儿童之间的沟通减少,儿童对父母情的情感需求得不到满足,随之出现内向、自卑等心理。有研究显示父母亲性格外向的小学生其品行问题、心身障碍、焦虑等因子分较低[18],提示父母亲应该保持积极的性格,减少小学生行为问题的发生。忽视会对儿童认知、社会情感和行为习惯产生不利的影响[19],母亲忽视型教养方式与小学生行为问题检出呈正相关,父亲民主型教养方式行为问题的检出率低于专制型教养方式,这与既往研究一致[20]。可能是因为民主型的教养方式容易营造出和谐、平等、自由的家庭环境,而专制型和忽视型教养方式,致使儿童可能缺乏自我意识,容易被外界环境左右,发生行为问题的可能性越大。
综上所述,贵州省小学高年级学生行为问题检出率处于较高水平,应引起重视;男、女生行为问题表现各不相同,父母及学校应根据学生表现出的不同行为问题采取针对措施。父母亲性格、不良生活嗜好、教养方式、父亲受教育程度和母亲健康状况等家庭因素与小学生行为问题检出率相关,父母亲应提高自身素质改善家庭环境,为小学生身心发展营造良好的家庭氛围,减少小学生行为问题的发生。
本研究是通过对儿童家长或主要照顾人进行问卷调查了解小学生的行为问题,部分家长或主要照顾人对小学生行为的信息的了解可能存在一定偏差而影响结果的真实性。今后可考虑使用CBCL结合儿童自我报告表(youth self-report)和教师报告表(teacher's report form)从不同角度对小学生的行为问题进行评估,更有利于及时、全面地发现行为问题。
  • 贵阳市云岩区科学计划项目(云科项目[2021]3号)
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2024年第51卷第3期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309310
  • 接收时间:2023-09-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-19
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贵阳市云岩区科学计划项目(云科项目[2021]3号)
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    1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
    2.贵阳市云岩区卫生健康局,贵州 贵阳 550001
    3.中山大学第一医院附属贵州医院
    4.贵阳市公共卫生救治中心
    5.贵阳市云岩区疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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