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Article(id=1241522858724225970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308496, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1692892800000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773931715899, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1707494400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773931715899, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773931715899, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931715899, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241522846384583426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='3', pageStart='385', pageEnd='576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773931712956, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931842201, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241523388544504301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241523388544504302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=547, endPage=551, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241522860146095054, articleId=1241522858724225970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=External environmental surveillance and infection case analysis of H7 subtype avian influenza in Jiangxi Province from 2013 to 2022, columnId=1228016571713520579, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Supervison, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the external environmental dynamic distribution and human infection characteristics of H7 subtype avian influenza virus in Jiangxi Province, so as to provide basis for scientific prevention and control of avian influenza.

Methods

The surveillance information of avian influenza in the external environment of Jiangxi Province from 2013 to 2022 and the data of human infection with H7 subtype avian influenza were systematically collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.

Results

A total of 15 535 external environment samples were collected from 2013 to 2022, and the positive rate of H7 subtype was 1.85% (287/15 535). Positive samples were detected for 9 consecutive years since 2014, and the annual positive rate showed a downward trend as a whole (χ2trend=2.168, P=0.231). The positive rate of H7 subtype in the external environment of Ganzhou city (2.96%), Nanchang city (2.77%) and Jiujiang city (2.66%) was higher, and there was significant difference in the positive rate among different regions (χ2=70.145 P < 0.001). The peak of positive rate was mainly in winter and spring (64.11%), and there was significant difference in different seasons (χ2=69.280, P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the positive rate among different types of samples (χ2=16.948, P=0.005). A total of 52 cases of H7 subtype avian influenza were reported in Jiangxi Province from 2013 to 2022, mainly farmers, retirees, and migrant workers, accounting for 76.92%of cases over 45 years old. The time of onset was mainly in winter and spring, and 76.92% of the cases had history of poultry exposure. There was no significant correlation between the number of H7N9 avian influenza cases and the positive rate of H7 subtype in different months (Spearman coefficient = 0.515, P=0.087).

Conclusion

Although the positive rate of H7 subtype in the external environment of Jiangxi Province is low, the risk of human infection still exists. Etiological surveillance and comprehensive prevention and control measures should be carried out continuously to reduce the potential risk of human infection.

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目的

了解江西省H7亚型禽流感病毒外环境动态分布情况及人群感染特征，为科学防控禽流感疫情提供依据。

方法

系统收集2013—2022年江西省外环境禽流感监测信息和人感染H7亚型禽流感病例资料，采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。

结果

2013—2022年共采集外环境标本15 535份，H7亚型阳性率为1.85%（287/15 535）。自2014年起连续9年均检出阳性标本，年阳性率整体呈下降趋势（χ2趋势=2.168，P=0.231）。赣州市、南昌市和九江市外环境H7亚型阳性率较高，分别为2.96%、2.77%、2.66%，不同地区阳性率差异存在统计学意义（χ2=70.145，P<0.001）。阳性率检出高峰主要在冬春季，占比64.11%，不同季度阳性率差异存在统计学意义（χ2=69.280，P<0.001）。不同标本类型阳性率差异存在统计学意义（χ2=16.948，P=0.005）。2013—2022年江西省共报告52例H7亚型禽流感病例，职业以农民、离退人员和务工人员为主，45岁以上病例占76.92%。发病时间主要在冬春季，76.92%病例有明确的禽类暴露史。不同月份H7N9禽流感发病数与H7亚型阳性率水平无明显相关（Spearman系数=0.515，P=0.087）。

结论

江西省外环境H7亚型阳性率虽较低，但人群感染风险仍存，应持续开展病原学监测和采取综合性的防控措施，降低人群感染的潜在风险。

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金媛，E-mail：
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曾志笠（1990—），男，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：急性传染病防控工作

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曾志笠（1990—），男，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：急性传染病防控工作

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Monitoring and analysis of avian influenza virus in Jinan from 2016 to 2018[J]. 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Results of avian influenza virus detection in the external environment of Jiangxi, 2013—2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份（年）标本数H7亚型阳性数H7亚型阳性率（%）
201348000.00
2014488449.02
20151 753452.57
20161 797603.34
20171 8031236.82
20181 82020.11
20191 87010.05
20201 85310.05
20211 87110.05
20221 800100.56
合计15 5352871.85
), ArticleFig(id=1241680454001160844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858724225970, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2013—2022年江西省外环境禽流感病毒检出情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份（年）标本数H7亚型阳性数H7亚型阳性率（%）
201348000.00
2014488449.02
20151 753452.57
20161 797603.34
20171 8031236.82
20181 82020.11
20191 87010.05
20201 85310.05
20211 87110.05
20221 800100.56
合计15 5352871.85
), ArticleFig(id=1241680454135378581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858724225970, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Result of avian influenza virus detection in the external environment of different cities in Jiangxi Province, 2013—2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地市标本数H7亚型阳性数H7亚型阳性率（%）
南昌2 237622.77
赣州2 131632.96
九江2 593692.66
上饶1 860130.70
抚州1 142181.58
宜春93060.65
吉安931101.07
萍乡93050.54
景德镇920141.52
新余931151.61
鹰潭930121.29
合计15 5352871.85
), ArticleFig(id=1241680454231847582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858724225970, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2013—2022年江西省不同地市外环境禽流感病毒检出情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地市标本数H7亚型阳性数H7亚型阳性率（%）
南昌2 237622.77
赣州2 131632.96
九江2 593692.66
上饶1 860130.70
抚州1 142181.58
宜春93060.65
吉安931101.07
萍乡93050.54
景德镇920141.52
新余931151.61
鹰潭930121.29
合计15 5352871.85
), ArticleFig(id=1241680454349288101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858724225970, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Result of avian influenza virus detection in the external environment of different samples types in Jiangxi Province, 2013—2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标本类型标本数H7亚型阳性数H7亚型阳性率（%）
笼具表面擦拭4 068882.16
粪便5 659771.36
禽类饮水2 280542.37
宰杀或摆放禽肉案板1 962331.68
清洗禽类污水421133.09
其他1 145221.92
合计15 5352871.85
), ArticleFig(id=1241680454437368495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858724225970, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2013—2022年江西省外环境不同标本类型禽流感病毒检出情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标本类型标本数H7亚型阳性数H7亚型阳性率（%）
笼具表面擦拭4 068882.16
粪便5 659771.36
禽类饮水2 280542.37
宰杀或摆放禽肉案板1 962331.68
清洗禽类污水421133.09
其他1 145221.92
合计15 5352871.85
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2013—2022年江西省H7亚型禽流感外环境监测及感染病例分析
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曾志笠 1, 2 , 章承锋 1 , 傅伟杰 1, 2 , 金媛 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 卫生监督 2024,51(3): 547-551
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现代预防医学 | 卫生监督 2024, 51(3): 547-551
2013—2022年江西省H7亚型禽流感外环境监测及感染病例分析
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曾志笠1, 2, 章承锋1, 傅伟杰1, 2, 金媛1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.江西省疾病预防控制中心应急传防所，江西 南昌 330029
  • 2.江西省疾病预防控制中心青年科研创新攻关团队，江西 南昌 330029

    • 曾志笠（1990—），男，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：急性传染病防控工作

通讯作者:

金媛，E-mail：
External environmental surveillance and infection case analysis of H7 subtype avian influenza in Jiangxi Province from 2013 to 2022
Zhi-li ZENG1, 2, Cheng-feng ZHANG1, Wei-jie FU1, 2, Yuan JIN1, 2
Affiliations
  • Emergency Transmission and Prevention Center of Jiangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, China
出版时间: 2024-02-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308496
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摘要
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目的

了解江西省H7亚型禽流感病毒外环境动态分布情况及人群感染特征，为科学防控禽流感疫情提供依据。

方法

系统收集2013—2022年江西省外环境禽流感监测信息和人感染H7亚型禽流感病例资料，采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。

结果

2013—2022年共采集外环境标本15 535份，H7亚型阳性率为1.85%（287/15 535）。自2014年起连续9年均检出阳性标本，年阳性率整体呈下降趋势（χ2趋势=2.168，P=0.231）。赣州市、南昌市和九江市外环境H7亚型阳性率较高，分别为2.96%、2.77%、2.66%，不同地区阳性率差异存在统计学意义（χ2=70.145，P<0.001）。阳性率检出高峰主要在冬春季，占比64.11%，不同季度阳性率差异存在统计学意义（χ2=69.280，P<0.001）。不同标本类型阳性率差异存在统计学意义（χ2=16.948，P=0.005）。2013—2022年江西省共报告52例H7亚型禽流感病例，职业以农民、离退人员和务工人员为主，45岁以上病例占76.92%。发病时间主要在冬春季，76.92%病例有明确的禽类暴露史。不同月份H7N9禽流感发病数与H7亚型阳性率水平无明显相关（Spearman系数=0.515，P=0.087）。

结论

江西省外环境H7亚型阳性率虽较低，但人群感染风险仍存，应持续开展病原学监测和采取综合性的防控措施，降低人群感染的潜在风险。

禽流感病毒  /  H7亚型  /  环境  /  病例
Objective

To understand the external environmental dynamic distribution and human infection characteristics of H7 subtype avian influenza virus in Jiangxi Province, so as to provide basis for scientific prevention and control of avian influenza.

Methods

The surveillance information of avian influenza in the external environment of Jiangxi Province from 2013 to 2022 and the data of human infection with H7 subtype avian influenza were systematically collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.

Results

A total of 15 535 external environment samples were collected from 2013 to 2022, and the positive rate of H7 subtype was 1.85% (287/15 535). Positive samples were detected for 9 consecutive years since 2014, and the annual positive rate showed a downward trend as a whole (χ2trend=2.168, P=0.231). The positive rate of H7 subtype in the external environment of Ganzhou city (2.96%), Nanchang city (2.77%) and Jiujiang city (2.66%) was higher, and there was significant difference in the positive rate among different regions (χ2=70.145 P < 0.001). The peak of positive rate was mainly in winter and spring (64.11%), and there was significant difference in different seasons (χ2=69.280, P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the positive rate among different types of samples (χ2=16.948, P=0.005). A total of 52 cases of H7 subtype avian influenza were reported in Jiangxi Province from 2013 to 2022, mainly farmers, retirees, and migrant workers, accounting for 76.92%of cases over 45 years old. The time of onset was mainly in winter and spring, and 76.92% of the cases had history of poultry exposure. There was no significant correlation between the number of H7N9 avian influenza cases and the positive rate of H7 subtype in different months (Spearman coefficient = 0.515, P=0.087).

Conclusion

Although the positive rate of H7 subtype in the external environment of Jiangxi Province is low, the risk of human infection still exists. Etiological surveillance and comprehensive prevention and control measures should be carried out continuously to reduce the potential risk of human infection.

Avian influenza virus  /  H7 subtype  /  Environment  /  Case
曾志笠, 章承锋, 傅伟杰, 金媛. 2013—2022年江西省H7亚型禽流感外环境监测及感染病例分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (3) : 547 -551 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308496
Zhi-li ZENG, Cheng-feng ZHANG, Wei-jie FU, Yuan JIN. External environmental surveillance and infection case analysis of H7 subtype avian influenza in Jiangxi Province from 2013 to 2022[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (3) : 547 -551 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308496
正文
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禽流感是一种由A型流感病毒引起，主要感染禽类和一些哺乳动物的传染病[1]。2003年荷兰H7N7禽流感疫情首次造成人类大规模感染H7亚型禽流感病毒[2]，此后陆续出现H7N2、H7N3、H7N9和H7N4禽流感病毒感染人的报道[3-4]。江西省自2005年出现首例人感染H5N1禽流感病例以来，已监测发现H7N9、H10N8、H5N6和H9N2禽流感病例[5]，其中H10N8禽流感病例全球仅江西报道。为全面了解外环境禽流感病毒分布情况，自2011年起江西省持续开展禽类外环境禽流感监测。本研究对2013—2022年H7亚型外环境分布情况和人群感染特征进行分析，为江西省禽流感防控策略的制定和优化提供依据。
1　材料与方法
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1.1　研究对象
根据江西省禽流感监测方案，以县（市/区）的城乡活禽市场、家禽规模养殖厂（户）、家禽散养户集中地区和家禽屠宰加工厂作为监测场所，采集禽类笼具表面擦拭、粪便、饮水、禽宰杀或摆放肉案板表面擦拭、清洗禽类污水等外环境标本。H7N9禽流感病例信息来自中国疾病预防控制信息系统。
1.2　检测方法
各监测点采集标本后，在4℃条件下48 h内运送至所在地设区市流感监测网络实验室。各实验室收到标本后采用Real-time RT-PCR进行A型流感通用核酸检测，阳性标本再进行H5、H7、H9亚型流感核酸检测。如各设区市流感网络实验室检出人感染禽流感阳性标本，需送江西省疾控中心复核，检测方法与既往研究[6]一致。Flu A、H5、H7和H9引物及探针由国家流感中心提供。
1.3　统计分析
数据收集后采用Excel 2013和SPSS 19.0进行整理和分析，采用χ2检验比较不同时间、地区、标本类型、场所的阳性率是否存在差异。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　外环境监测概况
2013—2022年江西省11个地市共采集禽类外环境标本15 535份，A型流感阳性率为51.88%（8 060/15 535），年度阳性率呈逐年上升（χ2趋势=235.721，P<0.001）；检出H7亚型阳性标本287份，阳性率为1.85%，其中H7与H5、H9亚型混合阳性标本217份，占全部阳性标本数的2.69%（217/8 060）。见表1。
2.2　不同时间外环境标本检测结果
除2013年外，2013—2022年江西省禽类外环境标本每年均有H7亚型阳性标本检出，共出现3个阳性检出率高峰，分别为2014年的夏季、2014—2015年的冬春季及2016—2017年的冬春季，其中2014年阳性率最高，为9.02%（44/488）。不同年份之间H7亚型阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ2=566.584，P<0.001）。从不同季度看，2013—2022年共有23个（57.5%）季度检出H7亚型阳性标本，不同季度阳性检出率差异有统计学意义（χ2=69.280，P<0.001），且从2014年四季度至2017年四季度连续13个季度均检出H7亚型阳性标本，阳性率在0.56%～19.90%之间波动。见图1。
2.3　不同地区外环境标本检测结果
2013—2022年，赣州市H7亚型阳性率最高，为2.96%（63/2 131）。南昌市于2014年开始检出H7亚型阳性标本，抚州市、宜春市和新余市均在2017年检出，其他7个地市2015年检出。不同地区H7亚型阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ2=70.145，P<0.001）。见表2。
2.4　不同标本类型外环境标本检测结果
禽类笼具表面擦拭、粪便、饮水、禽宰杀或摆放肉案板表面擦拭、清洗禽类污水标本中，清洗禽类污水H7亚型阳性率最高，为3.09%。不同类型标本H7亚型检测阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ2=16.948，P=0.005）。见表3。除宰杀或摆放禽肉案板、清洗禽类污水在2015年检出H7亚型阳性标本外，其他4类标本均在2014年检出，且2015—2017年和2022年四个季度均检出H7亚型阳性标本。笼具表面擦拭、粪便和其他类型标本均在第一季度占比最高，分别为48.86%、37.66%、36.36%；宰杀或摆放禽肉案板、清洗禽类污水标本均在第四季度最高，分别为33.33%、61.54%；而禽类饮水则在第三季度最高，为35.19%；6种类型标本均在第三季度占比最低。
2.5　人感染H7亚型禽流感病例分析
2013—2022年江西省共报告H7亚型禽流感病例52例，均为H7N9禽流感病例。男女性别比为1.48:1，45岁以上病例占76.92%（40/52）。发病时间在1、2和4月，分别为44.23%、21.15%、19.23%，占报告病例总数的84.61%。病例分布在10个地市的33个县区，其中上饶市（2例）、吉安市（2例）各报告1起家庭聚集性疫情。职业以农民、离退人员和务工人员为主，分别占28.8%、26.9%、15.4%。76.92%病例有明确的禽类暴露史。
2.6　禽流感发病数与环境中H7亚型阳性率分析分析
不同月份H7N9禽流感发病数与H7亚型阳性率无明显相关（Spearman系数=0.515，P=0.087）。见图2。
3　讨论
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江西省2013—2022年的持续监测发现，外环境H7亚型禽流感阳性率为1.85%，低于江苏、浙江、长沙等[7-9]地区，但高于广东、重庆等[10-12]省份的监测结果。除2013年外，2014—2022年江西省连续9年均检出H7亚型阳性标本，但检出的H7亚型阳性率从2014年的9.02%降至2022年的0.56%，这可能与2017年我国开始对家禽接种H5+H7重组禽流感疫苗有关[13-14]。2013—2022年江西省共出现3个H7亚型阳性率检出高峰，其中2016—2017年冬春季峰值水平最高，与全国[15]及江西省[5]第五波人感染H7N9禽流感疫情走势一致，表明禽流感病毒外环境监测对人间疫情有预警作用[10]。江西省第二季度H7亚型阳性率在多数年份居于第二位，与其他地区[16-17]研究结果不同，提示按季或按月开展禽流感外环境监测可进一步认识当地疾病流行的规律，进而为制定有效的防制对策和措施提供科学依据。
监测结果显示，南昌、赣州和九江H7亚型阳性率明显高于其他地市，可能与以下因素有关，一是上述地区位于东亚-澳大利亚候鸟迁徙带上，候鸟的迁移和长时间停留为禽流感病毒的播散创造了条件[18]；二是周边县区家禽养殖业较发达，禽蛋等产品交易繁荣，而H7亚型禽流感病毒的传播与活禽或禽类产品交易密切相关。研究证实日本北海道和江西省南昌市流行的禽流感病毒曾在鄱阳湖地区发生基因重组，参与并促进了H5N1高致病性禽流感病毒的进化[19]。江西与国家流感中心在鄱阳湖地区联合开展的禽流感监测项目，发现该地区存在H7N3、H7N4和H7N9禽流感病毒污染，且分离到H3N1、H11N9、H12N2等[18，20]新亚型禽流感病毒。因此，江西省持续开展外环境禽流感病原学监测，为动态了解我省禽流感变化趋势和评估人群感染风险提供参考。
在各类标本中，清洗禽类污水H7亚型阳性率最高，为3.09%，与浙江、济南等地[8,21]监测结果基本一致，而2013—2022年江西省报告的人感染H7N9禽流感病例中有76.9%病例有明确的禽类暴露史，提示禽类宰杀和交易等行为会增加人群感染风险。进一步分析发现，第四季度清洗禽类污水阳性标本占比高达61.54%，可能与其存在多禽共用，且病毒在低温潮湿环境中存活时间更长等因素有关；若消毒处理不及时，易出现蓄积效应[7]。因此做好涉禽场所的卫生学管理和重要环节的个人防护对降低人群风险意义重大。
2013—2022年，江西省报告的52例人感染H7亚型禽流感病例发病时间主要在冬春季，与禽流感冬春季高发的特点吻合。江西省2016—2017年H7N9禽流感住院病例研究结果显示，人均直接医疗费用约15.7万元，住院周次、转归等是直接医疗费用的影响因素。可见，禽流感疫情给我国造成了严重的经济损失和疾病负担，及早发现和有效处置疫情能最大程度降低其对人民群众生命安全与身体健康的危害。
综上所述，2013—2022年江西省外环境H7亚型阳性检出率为1.85%，处于较低水平，但人群感染的潜在风险仍然存在。除南昌、九江等环鄱阳湖地区外，赣州、新余等地市亦检出H7亚型禽流感，且江西省报告的H7N9禽流感病例大部分有明确的禽类或活禽市场暴露史。建议各地继续开展禽流感病原学监测，同时加强与农业、工商等部门的联防联控，强化活禽市场等涉禽场所的卫生学管理和从业人员的健康教育等工作，降低禽流感疫情发生的风险。
基金
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  • 江西省卫生健康委科技计划项目(20196005)
  • 江西省中医药管理局科技计划项目(2023B1397)
文献
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2024年第51卷第3期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308496
  • 接收时间：2023-08-25
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2024-02-10
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  • 收稿日期：2023-08-25
基金
江西省卫生健康委科技计划项目(20196005)
江西省中医药管理局科技计划项目(2023B1397)
作者信息
    1.江西省疾病预防控制中心应急传防所，江西 南昌 330029
    2.江西省疾病预防控制中心青年科研创新攻关团队，江西 南昌 330029

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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