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Article(id=1241522858124440480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309424, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1695312000000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773931715756, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1707494400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773931715756, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773931715756, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931715756, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241522846384583426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='3', pageStart='385', pageEnd='576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773931712956, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931842201, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241523388544504301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241523388544504302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=471, endPage=475, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241522859986711492, articleId=1241522858124440480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The mediating effect of self-perceived aging between digital health literacy and technophobia of rural elderly, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the mediating effect of self-perceived aging on the relationship between digital health literacy and technophobia of the rural elderly.

Methods

By using the method of multi-stage sampling, 503 rural elderly in Hebei Province were investigated by general data questionnaire, technophobia scale, simplified self-perceived aging scale, and digital health literacy assessment scale from July to August, 2023. The mediating effect test program was used for mediating analysis and Bootstrap test was used for verification.

Results

The scores of technophobia, self-perceived aging, and technophobia of the elderly in rural areas of Hebei Province were 36.40±10.22, 51.99±8.24, and 39.76±13.82, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that digital health literacy was negatively correlated with technophobia and self-perceived aging (r=0.433, P < 0.001; r=0.454, P < 0.001), while self-perceived aging was positively correlated with technophobia (r=0.401, P < 0.001). The mediating effect test results showed that self-perceived aging had mediating effect between digital health literacy and technophobia of the rural elderly, and the mediating effect accounted for 40.0%.

Conclusion

Digital health literacy and self-perceived aging of the elderly directly affect technophobia. At the same time, digital health literacy can also indirectly affect technophobia through self-perceived aging.

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目的

探究自我感知老化在农村老年人数字健康素养和技术焦虑间的中介效应。

方法

采用多阶段抽样法，于2023年7—8月使用一般资料问卷、技术焦虑量表、简版自我感知老化量表、数字健康素养评估量表对河北省503名农村老年人进行问卷调查。采用中介效应检验程序进行分析，Bootstrap检验法进行验证。

结果

河北省农村老年人技术焦虑得分为（36.40±10.22吧we）分，自我感知老化得分为（51.99±8.24）分，技术焦虑得分为（39.76±13.82）分。Pearson相关分析显示，数字健康素养与技术焦虑、自我感知老化均呈负相关（r=-0.433，P<0.001；r=-0.454，P<0.001），自我感知老化与技术焦虑呈正相关（r=0.401，P<0.001）。中介效应检验结果显示，自我感知老化在农村老年人数字健康素养和技术焦虑间起部分中介效应，中介效应占比为40.0%。

结论

老年人数字健康素养、自我感知老化直接影响技术焦虑，同时，数字健康素养也可以通过自我感知老化间接影响技术焦虑。

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张雷，E-mail:
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杨青建（1983—），男，硕士，讲师，研究方向：老年照护

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杨青建（1983—），男，硕士，讲师，研究方向：老年照护

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杨青建（1983—），男，硕士，讲师，研究方向：老年照护

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Forget it!":Internalized ageism, a barrier to technology use, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241680463731937391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858124440480, awardId=KY202116, language=CN, fundingSource=河北省省属高等学校基本科研业务费研究项目(KY202116), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241680463845183602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858124440480, awardId=SQ2021130, language=CN, fundingSource=河北省高等学校人文社会科学研究项目资助(SQ2021130), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241680463983595635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858124440480, awardId=20223008, language=CN, fundingSource=承德市社会科学发展研究课题(20223008), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241680464122007675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858124440480, awardId=202217, language=CN, fundingSource=承德医学院青年基金项目(202217), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241680456010224429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858124440480, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241680456018613039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858124440480, companyId=1241680456010224429, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Nursing, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241680456027001647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858124440480, companyId=1241680456010224429, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=承德医学院护理学院，河北 承德 067000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241680460602986518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858124440480, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Mediating effect of self-perceived aging between digital health literacy and technophobia, figureFileSmall=j33F6JhHink8f5Jbc6i8fA==, figureFileBig=0GSvYck7giY7YVQFB0J1CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680460762370081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858124440480, language=CN, label=图1, caption=自我感知老化在数字健康素养与技术焦虑间的中介效应模型, figureFileSmall=j33F6JhHink8f5Jbc6i8fA==, figureFileBig=0GSvYck7giY7YVQFB0J1CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680460951113768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858124440480, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Scores of technophobia, digital health literacy, and self-perceived aging of rural elderly （n=503，）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总分（分）条目均分（分）
技术焦虑36.40±10.222.80±0.79
技术紧张15.39±5.293.08±1.06
技术害怕12.61±4.302.52±0.86
隐私安全担忧8.39±3.082.80±1.03
数字健康素养39.76±13.822.65±0.92
数字健康信息获取和评估能力25.51±8.842.83±0.98
数字健康信息互动能力7.35±3.372.45±1.12
数字健康信息应用能力6.89±3.002.30±1.00
自我感知老化51.99±8.243.06±0.48
消极结果和控制17.26±3.973.45±0.79
积极结果8.17±2.222.72±0.74
慢性时间10.00±2.733.33±0.91
积极控制7.85±2.582.53±0.86
情感表征8.70±2.592.90±0.86
), ArticleFig(id=1241680462523977775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858124440480, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

农村老年人技术焦虑、数字健康素养、自我感知老化得分情况（n=503，）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总分（分）条目均分（分）
技术焦虑36.40±10.222.80±0.79
技术紧张15.39±5.293.08±1.06
技术害怕12.61±4.302.52±0.86
隐私安全担忧8.39±3.082.80±1.03
数字健康素养39.76±13.822.65±0.92
数字健康信息获取和评估能力25.51±8.842.83±0.98
数字健康信息互动能力7.35±3.372.45±1.12
数字健康信息应用能力6.89±3.002.30±1.00
自我感知老化51.99±8.243.06±0.48
消极结果和控制17.26±3.973.45±0.79
积极结果8.17±2.222.72±0.74
慢性时间10.00±2.733.33±0.91
积极控制7.85±2.582.53±0.86
情感表征8.70±2.592.90±0.86
), ArticleFig(id=1241680462658195506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858124440480, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of technophobia scores of rural elderly with different characteristics (n=503)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目人数技术焦虑
（分，）		统计量P值
性别t=-2.3010.022
男24535.33±10.30
女25837.41±10.05
年龄（岁）F=6.0330.003
60～6920435.34±10.48
70～7921836.09±10.04
≥808139.89±9.38
文化程度F=13.271<0.001
未上学13939.45±10.81
小学27136.13±9.15
初中及以上9336.62±10.97
健康状况F=17.709<0.001
较好20934.30±10.23
一般19636.09±9.12
较差9841.18±10.62
网络使用频率F=14.996<0.001
经常7030.04±9.03
有时12235.92±10.12
偶尔15236.52±9.42
从不15939.45±10.22
对网络知识的态度F=15.599<0.001
不信任13640.07±10.14
不确定19836.18±9.69
信任16933.70±10.06
), ArticleFig(id=1241680462784024628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858124440480, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同特征农村老年人技术焦虑得分的比较（n=503）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目人数技术焦虑
（分，）		统计量P值
性别t=-2.3010.022
男24535.33±10.30
女25837.41±10.05
年龄（岁）F=6.0330.003
60～6920435.34±10.48
70～7921836.09±10.04
≥808139.89±9.38
文化程度F=13.271<0.001
未上学13939.45±10.81
小学27136.13±9.15
初中及以上9336.62±10.97
健康状况F=17.709<0.001
较好20934.30±10.23
一般19636.09±9.12
较差9841.18±10.62
网络使用频率F=14.996<0.001
经常7030.04±9.03
有时12235.92±10.12
偶尔15236.52±9.42
从不15939.45±10.22
对网络知识的态度F=15.599<0.001
不信任13640.07±10.14
不确定19836.18±9.69
信任16933.70±10.06
), ArticleFig(id=1241680462914048063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858124440480, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation between digital health literacy, self-perceived aging and technophobia of rural elderly (n=503)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量技术焦虑数字健康素养自我感知老化
技术焦虑1.000
数字健康素养-0.433a1.000
自我感知老化0.401a-0.454a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241680463018905667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858124440480, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

农村老年人数字健康素养、自我感知老化、技术焦虑间的相关性（n=503）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量技术焦虑数字健康素养自我感知老化
技术焦虑1.000
数字健康素养-0.433a1.000
自我感知老化0.401a-0.454a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241680463132151881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858124440480, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Regression analysis results of digital health literacy and self-perceived aging on technophobia of rural elderly

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方程因变量自变量Bt值P值F值R2值调整R2值
1技术焦虑数字健康素养-0.193-6.064<0.00136.7660.0680.067
2自我感知老化数字健康素养-0.271-11.417<0.001130.3430.2060.205
3技术焦虑数字健康素养-0.108-3.1140.00233.7600.1190.115
自我感知老化0.3135.359<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241680463241203790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858124440480, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

数字健康素养和自我感知老化对农村老年人技术焦虑的回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方程因变量自变量Bt值P值F值R2值调整R2值
1技术焦虑数字健康素养-0.193-6.064<0.00136.7660.0680.067
2自我感知老化数字健康素养-0.271-11.417<0.001130.3430.2060.205
3技术焦虑数字健康素养-0.108-3.1140.00233.7600.1190.115
自我感知老化0.3135.359<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241680463362838615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858124440480, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Bootstrap mediating effect test of self-perceived aging between digital health literacy and technophobia

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应效应值（95%CI）效应占比(%
直接效应-0.260（-0.425 ~ -0.078）60.0
自我感知老化的中介效应-0.173（-0.332 ~ -0.064）40.0
总效应-0.433（-0.552 ~ -0.183）100
), ArticleFig(id=1241680463463501918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522858124440480, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

自我感知老化在数字健康素养与技术焦虑间的Bootstrap中介效应检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应效应值（95%CI）效应占比(%
直接效应-0.260（-0.425 ~ -0.078）60.0
自我感知老化的中介效应-0.173（-0.332 ~ -0.064）40.0
总效应-0.433（-0.552 ~ -0.183）100
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自我感知老化在农村老年人数字健康素养和技术焦虑间的中介效应
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杨青建 , 辛小林 , 李响 , 张雷
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024,51(3): 471-475
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现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024, 51(3): 471-475
自我感知老化在农村老年人数字健康素养和技术焦虑间的中介效应
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杨青建, 辛小林, 李响, 张雷
作者信息
  • 承德医学院护理学院，河北 承德 067000

    • 杨青建（1983—），男，硕士，讲师，研究方向：老年照护

通讯作者:

张雷，E-mail:
The mediating effect of self-perceived aging between digital health literacy and technophobia of rural elderly
Qing-jian YANG, Xiao-lin XIN, Xiang LI, Lei ZHANG
Affiliations
  • College of Nursing, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
出版时间: 2024-02-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309424
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摘要
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目的

探究自我感知老化在农村老年人数字健康素养和技术焦虑间的中介效应。

方法

采用多阶段抽样法，于2023年7—8月使用一般资料问卷、技术焦虑量表、简版自我感知老化量表、数字健康素养评估量表对河北省503名农村老年人进行问卷调查。采用中介效应检验程序进行分析，Bootstrap检验法进行验证。

结果

河北省农村老年人技术焦虑得分为（36.40±10.22吧we）分，自我感知老化得分为（51.99±8.24）分，技术焦虑得分为（39.76±13.82）分。Pearson相关分析显示，数字健康素养与技术焦虑、自我感知老化均呈负相关（r=-0.433，P<0.001；r=-0.454，P<0.001），自我感知老化与技术焦虑呈正相关（r=0.401，P<0.001）。中介效应检验结果显示，自我感知老化在农村老年人数字健康素养和技术焦虑间起部分中介效应，中介效应占比为40.0%。

结论

老年人数字健康素养、自我感知老化直接影响技术焦虑，同时，数字健康素养也可以通过自我感知老化间接影响技术焦虑。

技术焦虑  /  自我感知老化  /  数字健康素养  /  中介效应  /  农村老年人
Objective

To explore the mediating effect of self-perceived aging on the relationship between digital health literacy and technophobia of the rural elderly.

Methods

By using the method of multi-stage sampling, 503 rural elderly in Hebei Province were investigated by general data questionnaire, technophobia scale, simplified self-perceived aging scale, and digital health literacy assessment scale from July to August, 2023. The mediating effect test program was used for mediating analysis and Bootstrap test was used for verification.

Results

The scores of technophobia, self-perceived aging, and technophobia of the elderly in rural areas of Hebei Province were 36.40±10.22, 51.99±8.24, and 39.76±13.82, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that digital health literacy was negatively correlated with technophobia and self-perceived aging (r=0.433, P < 0.001; r=0.454, P < 0.001), while self-perceived aging was positively correlated with technophobia (r=0.401, P < 0.001). The mediating effect test results showed that self-perceived aging had mediating effect between digital health literacy and technophobia of the rural elderly, and the mediating effect accounted for 40.0%.

Conclusion

Digital health literacy and self-perceived aging of the elderly directly affect technophobia. At the same time, digital health literacy can also indirectly affect technophobia through self-perceived aging.

Technophobia  /  Self-perceived aging  /  Digital health literacy  /  Mediating effect  /  Rural elderly
杨青建, 辛小林, 李响, 张雷. 自我感知老化在农村老年人数字健康素养和技术焦虑间的中介效应. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (3) : 471 -475 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309424
Qing-jian YANG, Xiao-lin XIN, Xiang LI, Lei ZHANG. The mediating effect of self-perceived aging between digital health literacy and technophobia of rural elderly[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (3) : 471 -475 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309424
正文
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当前，数字化已成为我国社会发展的必然趋势。截至2023年6月，我国互联网医疗用户规模达3.64亿，互联网医疗等数字化服务供给持续加大[1]。然而，老年人在接受、使用数字健康信息技术时，会产生焦虑、恐惧甚至排斥心理[2]。技术焦虑是指个体对移动通讯设备、人工智能等数字技术非理性的恐惧和焦虑，产生害怕、紧张等情绪反应，可使个体回避使用技术[3]，它或成为数字社会下阻碍老年人健康促进行为的危险因素[4]。数字健康素养是指运用数字技术搜索、选择、评估健康信息，并运用获得信息处理和解决健康的能力[5]，研究发现，老年人数字健康素养与技术焦虑呈负相关，数字健康素养是技术焦虑的影响因素[6]。自我感知老化指老年人在面对生理、心理与社会老化威胁时产生的主观感知和情绪反应[7]，研究发现，自我感知老化消极的老年人，技术焦虑水平越高[8]；而且自我感知老化越积极，老年人对健康知识的学习态度越积极，数字健康素养水平越高[9]。目前，关于三者关系研究尚未检索到。本研究旨在验证自我感知老化的中介效应，为降低技术焦虑，促进老年人使用数字健康技术提供依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
采用多阶段抽样方法，于2023年7—8月抽取河北省石家庄市、承德市、邢台市所辖农村老年人为研究对象。依次从市、县、乡镇、村四级单位中，共抽取9个行政村，然后采用整群抽样将符合要求的农村老年人作为研究对象。根据样本量估测方法[10]，本研究最终纳入503人。纳入标准：年龄≥60周岁；了解问卷条目涵义；知情同意。排除标准：视力障碍者。本研究由承德医学院伦理委员会审批通过(2023027)。
1.2　调查工具
1.2.1　一般资料包括性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、有无慢性病、身体状况、使用网络频率、对网络知识的态度。
1.2.2　技术焦虑量表由孙尔鸿等[11]汉化和修订。该量表包括技术紧张、技术害怕和隐私安全担忧三个维度13个条目，总分范围为17～85分。该量表Cronbach α系数为0.899。
1.2.3 　数字健康素养量表由刘思奇等[12]编制。该量表包括数字健康信息获取和评估能力、互动能力和信息应用能力三个维度15个条目，总分范围为15～75分。该量表Cronbach α系数为0.944。
1.2.4　简版自我感知老化量表由扈娜等[13]汉化和修订。该量表包括消极结果和控制、积极结果、慢性时间、积极控制和情感表征五个维度17个条目。总分范围为17～85分。该量表Cronbach α系数为0.765。
1.3　资料收集
调查前，先对调查团队进行培训，说明本研究的目的和意义及收集资料时的注意事项；调查时，获老年人知情同意后发放问卷，由老年人亲自填写问卷。有不识字者，由调查团队亲自读出问卷条目和答案，由老年人选出答案。问卷当场填写并收回，共收集有效问卷503份。
1.4　质量控制
调查团队都是在校农村大学生，且研究对象都是大学生同村老年人，因此，能够取得老年人的信任和合作，减少霍桑效应对老年人的影响。同时，纸质版问卷收集后，两个学生一组共同录入数据，保证录入数据的真实性和准确性。
1.5　统计学方法
采用SPSS 26.0分析数据，老年人技术焦虑、数字健康素养、自我感知老化现状采用（）描述；用Pearson相关证明相关性；应用AMOS 26.0软件建立结构方程，Bootstrap检验法进行验证。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　农村老年人技术焦虑、数字健康素养、自我感知老化得分情况
描述性统计显示，农村老年人技术焦虑、数字健康素养、自我感知老化总分分别为（36.40±10.22）、（39.76±13.82）和（51.99±8.24）分。见表1。
2.2　不同特征农村老年人技术焦虑得分的比较
结果显示，性别、年龄、文化程度、健康状况、网络使用频率、对网络知识态度不同的农村老年人，其技术焦虑得分不同，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。见表2。
2.3　农村老年人数字健康素养、自我感知老化、技术焦虑间的相关性
Pearson相关分析结果显示，数字健康素养与技术焦虑、自我感知老化均呈负相关；自我感知老化与技术焦虑呈正相关。见表3。
2.4　自我感知老化在农村老年人数字健康素养与技术焦虑间的中介效应
2.4.1　自我感知老化的中介效应分析
以性别、年龄、教育水平、身体状况、网络使用频率、对网络知识的态度为协变量，技术焦虑为因变量，数字健康素养为自变量，自我感知老化为中介变量进行检验。结果表明，方程1、方程2和方程3预测作用显著。数字健康素养的偏回归系数有所改变，说明自我感知老化起部分中介效应。见表4。
2.4.2　自我感知老化的中介效应检验
采用AMOS 26.0软件，建立结构方程模型，通过修正指数，模型拟合指数为：χ2/v=5.842，NFI=0.903，IFI=0.918，CFI=0.917，RMSEA=0.098。模型拟合较好。通过Bootstrap检验法检验。中介效应值为-0.173，占总效应值的40.0%。见图1和表5。
3　讨论
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3.1　农村老年人技术焦虑、数字健康素养和自我感知老化现状
结果显示，农村老年人技术焦虑得分呈中等水平，略低于吴青娴等[6]调查结果。原因可能是研究对象不同。吴青娴等调查对象为门诊或住院老年患者，由于疫情防控信息技术及医疗数字化的发展，老年患者在就医时，预约挂号、报告查询等相关信息需通过线上提交或反馈，给老年患者带来了一定的就医压力[6]，技术焦虑得分偏高。本研究调查对象为河北省农村老年人。随着农村地区数字基础设施进一步完善以及互联网应用普及加快，为了适应社会发展，老年人开始学习使用智能手机等数字产品和新技术，观看网络视频、视频通话、网络医疗、浏览网络信息等，因此技术焦虑水平呈中等水平。研究结果显示，农村老年人数字健康素养得分处于中等偏下水平，和刘思奇[14]调查结果相符。原因可能是本研究对象为农村老年人，老年人学历以小学及以下为主。在互联网推广普及时，多数老年人没有及时学习网络知识，呈现网络边缘化态势[15]。但随着大健康理念的普及，老年人对自我健康越来越重视。尤其是疫情期间，越来越多的老年人从数字媒体中获取健康知识，寻求健康指导，逐渐提升数字健康素养的能力[16]。农村老年人自我感知老化呈消极水平，和杨青建等[17]调查结果基本相符。可能是因为农村老年人文化程度低，以体力活动为主要谋生手段。随着年龄增长，农村老年人身体素质下降，器官逐渐老化，无法通过体力劳动获得收入，易感受到年龄老化带来的消极、失望等负面影响，形成消极的老化心态[18]。
3.2　农村老年人技术焦虑、数字健康素养和自我感知老化的相关性分析
结果显示，农村老年人数字健康素养与技术焦虑呈负相关，这和Kim等[19]研究结果相符。老年人数字健康素养水平越高，越有助于老年人提高其对网络信息的识别和鉴别能力，帮助其了解高质量信息[20]。数字健康素养高的老年人更认可网络健康信息对于提升自身健康的效用，也愿意从网上获取促进健康的资源和知识，加强健康管理意识和践行健康提升行为，降低技术焦虑水平[21]。研究显示，老年人数字健康素养与自我感知老化呈负相关。数字健康素养较高的老年人能够准确搜索和辨别健康信息，判断相关信息的准确性，并提高对错误信息的抵御能力；同时数字健康素养的提升可以方便老年人在网上操作医疗程序，提升个人健康管理的技能和生活满意度[22]。这可以激发老年人树立积极的老化观念，提高生活质量。研究发现，老年人自我感知老化与技术焦虑呈正相关。自我感知老化越消极，对于衰老的认知越存在偏差，认为衰老就是无用。年龄越大，这种无用感逐渐增加；而且，老年人由于年龄增加，对网络知识学习较少，处于网络边缘状态，因此，对数字产品和技术使用更加紧张、焦虑。
3.3　自我感知老化在农村老年人数字健康素养与技术焦虑间的中介效应
研究显示，自我感知老化在数字健康素养与技术焦虑间起部分中介效应。相关研究发现，数字健康素养是积极自我感知老化的重要预测因素[23]。数字健康素养高的老年人，能够从网络上查询数字健康知识，并判断真伪，而且能把数字健康知识加以运用，提升自己的健康管理能力，促进其身心发展。这可导致老年人树立积极的老化观念，认为衰老是正常的生理变化过程，以平常心对待衰老过程，老年阶段也可以是精彩的。研究证实，自我感知老化是技术焦虑的影响因素[24]。自我感知老化积极的老年人能够正确看待衰老的变化过程，对其来说，衰老不是变老，而是长老的过程。因此，在老年阶段，也需要不断学习先进知识，来适应社会变化，满足个人发展需求。当今社会已步入飞速发展的数字时代，自我感知老化积极的老年人能够学习使用各种智能设备，不断学习数字技术和健康知识，以提升和管理自己的健康行为，促进个人身心发展。因此，在使用各种智能设备和数字健康知识时，焦虑、紧张等各种情绪较低。所以，在农村地区，社区工作人员应该给老年人进行健康教育，使其树立积极的老化态度，通过采用各种策略提升数字健康素养，以降低技术焦虑水平，促进老年人身心发展，最终实现成功老龄化。
综上所述，农村老年人技术焦虑呈中等水平，数字健康素养、自我感知老化与技术焦虑两两相关，自我感知老化在数字健康素养和技术焦虑间起部分中介效应。因此，应通过各种策略提高老年人数字健康素养水平，使老年人树立积极的老化态度，以降低技术焦虑。本研究不足之处是样本量较少，且只做横断面调查，后期会进行纵向研究。
基金
收起
  • 河北省省属高等学校基本科研业务费研究项目(KY202116)
  • 河北省高等学校人文社会科学研究项目资助(SQ2021130)
  • 承德市社会科学发展研究课题(20223008)
  • 承德医学院青年基金项目(202217)
文献
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2024年第51卷第3期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309424
  • 接收时间：2023-09-22
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2024-02-10
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  • 收稿日期：2023-09-22
基金
河北省省属高等学校基本科研业务费研究项目(KY202116)
河北省高等学校人文社会科学研究项目资助(SQ2021130)
承德市社会科学发展研究课题(20223008)
承德医学院青年基金项目(202217)
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    承德医学院护理学院，河北 承德 067000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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