Article(id=1241522856979395429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307123, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1688918400000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773931715483, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1707494400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773931715483, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773931715483, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931715483, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241522846384583426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='3', pageStart='385', pageEnd='576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773931712956, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931842201, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241523388544504301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241523388544504302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=542, endPage=546, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241522857432380279, articleId=1241522856979395429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of influencing factors of pertussis cases surge in Yangzhou city under high vaccine coverage, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the epidemic characteristics of pertussis in Yangzhou City in 2022 and the vaccine effectiveness(VE) of acellular pertussis vaccine (aPV) against pertussis, and to explore the influencing factors of the case surge under the high vaccine coverage, as well as the responding strategies.

Methods

The clinical data of pertussis patients were analyzed using a matched case-control study with the ratio of 1:2 to investigate the vaccine effectiveness of aPV in preventing pertussis.

Results

The incidence-age curve showed the “U-shape”. The incidence of infants at the age of 3 months was higher, which was 127.8/100 000. The second peak occurred in children aged 5 to 7 years, with the incidence exceeding 60/100 000. Among the cases, the breakthrough cases accounted for 86.0%, and the clinical symptoms such as complications of the breakthrough cases were better than those of the unimmunized cases. The total VE of aPV in preventing pertussis was 86.10% (95%CI: 34.70%-97.04%), the VE of 1 dose of aPV in preventing pertussis was 85.35% (95%CI: 31.10%-96.89%), the VE of 4 doses of aPV was 98.20% (95%CI: 74.28%-99.88%), and the VE of onset-vaccination interval less than 1 year was 85.72% (95%CI: 32.8%-99.00%), indicating that the increased duration of time after vaccination was a risk factor for pertussis.

Conclusion

Currently, the immunization strategy of pertussis does not match the epidemic characteristics, and the risk of pertussis is high in infants at the age of 3 months and school-age children. The protective effect of aPV is not timely, so it is necessary to further modify and improve the pertussis immunization strategy, especially to consider the application of pertussis immunization in school-age children.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shi-jing TANG, Jie LIANG, Yu-ying DONG, Ya-wen XU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241522860083180489, articleId=1241522856979395429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=高疫苗覆盖率下扬州市百日咳病例激增的影响因素分析, columnId=1228016573844226129, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=疾病预防控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析2022年扬州市百日咳疫情流行特征和无细胞百日咳类疫苗(acellular pertussis vaccine, aPV)预防百日咳的保护效果(vaccine effectiveness),探讨在高疫苗覆盖率形势下病例激增的影响因素及应对策略。

方法

对发病病例的临床数据进行统计分析,采用1:2匹配病例对照研究,分析aPV预防百日咳的保护效果。

结果

发病率-年龄曲线呈“U”形,0 ~ 3月龄婴幼儿发病率较高,为127.8/10万,第2个发病高峰发生在5 ~ 7岁儿童,发病率超过60/10万。发病病例中突破病例占86.0%,突破病例在并发症等临床症状的情况好于未免疫病例。aPV预防百日咳的总体保护效果为86.10%(95%CI: 34.70% ~ 97.04%),1 ~ 3剂次aPV预防百日咳的保护效果为85.35%(95%CI: 31.10% ~ 96.89%),4剂次aPV的保护效果达98.20%(95%CI: 74.28% ~ 99.88%),发病-接种间隔时间<1年的保护效果为85.72%(95%CI: 32.08%~ 97.00%),提示接种后时间增长为百日咳发病的危险因素。

结论

目前百日咳免疫策略与流行特征不相匹配,0 ~ 3月龄婴幼儿以及学龄儿童的百日咳风险颇高。aPV的保护效果的时效性不佳,需进一步调整和完善百日咳免疫策略,尤其需要考虑百日咳加强免疫在学龄期儿童的应用。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
董玉颖,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=IsoYvVy3xdofVunCmtlI3A==, magXml=r5qeZ4D98Hk1RAsXOYELvw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Jq0n4emabiCS+pgcyzsJxw==, pdfFileSize=642863, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=fxYoJOpktUmzBc6OUwWeZg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=F6hT29t0wyNdvXROuz4AMw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

唐诗静(1996 —),女,硕士,初级,研究方向:免疫规划

, authorsList=唐诗静, 梁杰, 董玉颖, 徐娅雯)}, authors=[Author(id=1241680446828892564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241680446937944471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, authorId=1241680446828892564, language=EN, stringName=Shi-jing TANG, firstName=Shi-jing, middleName=null, lastName=TANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241680447026024862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, authorId=1241680446828892564, language=CN, stringName=唐诗静, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=扬州市疾病预防控制中心,江苏 扬州 225000, bio={"content":"

唐诗静(1996 —),女,硕士,初级,研究方向:免疫规划

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

唐诗静(1996 —),女,硕士,初级,研究方向:免疫规划

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241680446694674831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241680446707257744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, companyId=1241680446694674831, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241680446715646353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, companyId=1241680446694674831, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=扬州市疾病预防控制中心,江苏 扬州 225000)])]), Author(id=1241680447130882465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241680447239934374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, authorId=1241680447130882465, language=EN, stringName=Jie LIANG, firstName=Jie, middleName=null, lastName=LIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241680447357374891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, authorId=1241680447130882465, language=CN, stringName=梁杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=扬州市疾病预防控制中心,江苏 扬州 225000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241680446694674831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241680446707257744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, companyId=1241680446694674831, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241680446715646353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, companyId=1241680446694674831, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=扬州市疾病预防控制中心,江苏 扬州 225000)])]), Author(id=1241680447479009711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=dongyuying2013@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241680448993153458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, authorId=1241680447479009711, language=EN, stringName=Yu-ying DONG, firstName=Yu-ying, middleName=null, lastName=DONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241680449160925622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, authorId=1241680447479009711, language=CN, stringName=董玉颖, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=扬州市疾病预防控制中心,江苏 扬州 225000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241680446694674831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241680446707257744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, companyId=1241680446694674831, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241680446715646353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, companyId=1241680446694674831, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=扬州市疾病预防控制中心,江苏 扬州 225000)])]), Author(id=1241680449286754748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241680449379029442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, authorId=1241680449286754748, language=EN, stringName=Ya-wen XU, firstName=Ya-wen, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241680449483887045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, authorId=1241680449286754748, language=CN, stringName=徐娅雯, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=扬州市疾病预防控制中心,江苏 扬州 225000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241680446694674831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241680446707257744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, companyId=1241680446694674831, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241680446715646353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, companyId=1241680446694674831, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=扬州市疾病预防控制中心,江苏 扬州 225000)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1241680449714573770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Pertussis), Keyword(id=1241680449815237069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Acellular pertussis vaccine), Keyword(id=1241680449936871890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Protective effect), Keyword(id=1241680450075283929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Case-control study), Keyword(id=1241680450205307357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=Epidemic characteristics), Keyword(id=1241680450276610533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=Immune strategy), Keyword(id=1241680450331136489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=百日咳), Keyword(id=1241680450440188398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=无细胞百日咳类疫苗), Keyword(id=1241680450553434614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=保护效果), Keyword(id=1241680450645709305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=流行特征), Keyword(id=1241680450742178301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=免疫策略)], refs=[Reference(id=1241680454072455796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=11, issue=5, pageStart=889, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Nian XX, Liu HB, Cai MY, journalName=Vaccines (Basel), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nian XX, Liu HB, Cai MY, et al. Coping strategies for pertussis resurgence[J]. Vaccines (Basel), 2023, 11(5): 889., articleTitle=Coping strategies for pertussis resurgence, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680454206673534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=143, issue=9, pageStart=1950, pageEnd=1956, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Huang H, Zhu T, Gao C, journalName=Epidemiology and Infection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang H, Zhu T, Gao C, et al. Epidemiological features of pertussis resurgence based on community populations with high vaccination coverage in China[J]. Epidemiology and Infection, 2015, 143(9): 1950-1956., articleTitle=Epidemiological features of pertussis resurgence based on community populations with high vaccination coverage in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680454345085574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=18, issue=3, pageStart=207, pageEnd=210, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=汪海波, 罗会明, 温宁, journalName=中国疫苗和免疫, refType=null, unstructuredReference=汪海波,罗会明,温宁,等.我国2006~2010年百日咳流行病学分析[J].中国疫苗和免疫201218(3):207-210., articleTitle=我国2006~2010年百日咳流行病学分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680454441554577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=18, issue=3, pageStart=207, pageEnd=210, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Wang HB, Luo HM, Wen N, journalName=Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang HB, Luo HM, Wen N, et al. Epidemiological analysis on pertussis in China during 2006-2010[J]. Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization,2012, 18(3): 207-210., articleTitle=Epidemiological analysis on pertussis in China during 2006-2010, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680454525440664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=326, issue=4, pageStart=300, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Kuehn BM, journalName=JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kuehn BM. Resurgence of pertussis linked with Switch to acellular vaccine[J]. JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association,2021, 326(4): 300., articleTitle=Resurgence of pertussis linked with Switch to acellular vaccine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680454617715363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=10, issue=4, pageStart=2071, pageEnd=2118, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Macina D, Evans KE, journalName=Infectious Diseases and Therapy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Macina D, Evans KE. Bordetella pertussis in School-Age Children,Adolescents and Adults: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology and Mortality in Europe[J]. Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 2021, 10(4): 2071-2118., articleTitle=Bordetella pertussis in School-Age Children,Adolescents and Adults: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology and Mortality in Europe, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680454743544496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=22, issue=1, pageStart=21, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Zhang JS, Deng JK, Yang YH, journalName=Lancet Infectious Diseases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang JS, Deng JK, Yang YH. Pertussis vaccination in Chinese children with increasing reported pertussis cases[J]. Lancet Infectious Diseases,2022, 22(1): 21-22., articleTitle=Pertussis vaccination in Chinese children with increasing reported pertussis cases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680455003591361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=7, authorNames=李玉峰, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李玉峰.聊城市儿童百日咳疫苗保护效果的病例对照研究[D].北京:中国疾病预防控制中心,2018., articleTitle=聊城市儿童百日咳疫苗保护效果的病例对照研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680455121031887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Li YF, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li YF. A case-control study on the protective effect of pertussis vaccine in children in Liaocheng City, China[D]. Beijing: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018., articleTitle=A case-control study on the protective effect of pertussis vaccine in children in Liaocheng City, China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680455238472411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=5, pageStart=525, pageEnd=528, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=9, authorNames=李文豪, 邱春红, 彭远舟, journalName=中国疫苗和免疫, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李文豪,邱春红,彭远舟,等.深圳市4月龄-6岁儿童百日咳疫苗保护效果的配对病例对照研究[J].中国疫苗和免疫202228(5):525-528., articleTitle=深圳市4月龄-6岁儿童百日咳疫苗保护效果的配对病例对照研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680455347524327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=5, pageStart=525, pageEnd=528, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Li WH, Qiu CH, Peng YZ, journalName=Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li WH, Qiu CH, Peng YZ, et al. Effectiveness of pertussis vaccine among children 4 months to 6 years of age in Shenzhen city: a matched case-control study[J]. Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, 2022, 28(5): 525-528., articleTitle=Effectiveness of pertussis vaccine among children 4 months to 6 years of age in Shenzhen city: a matched case-control study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680455435604721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=4, pageStart=481, pageEnd=485, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=11, authorNames=张梦, 吴丹, 李艺星, journalName=中国疫苗和免疫, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张梦,吴丹,李艺星,等.国外百日咳疫苗免疫原性与保护效果的关系研究进展[J].中国疫苗和免疫202228(4):481-485., articleTitle=国外百日咳疫苗免疫原性与保护效果的关系研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680455548850941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=4, pageStart=481, pageEnd=485, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Zhang M, Wu D, Li YX, journalName=Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang M, Wu D, Li YX, et al. The association of immunogenicity with effectiveness of foreign pertussis vaccine: a literature review[J]. Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, 2022, 28(4): 481-485., articleTitle=The association of immunogenicity with effectiveness of foreign pertussis vaccine: a literature review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680455657902854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=11, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Szwejser-Zawislak E, Wilk MM, Piszczek P, journalName=Vaccines(Basel), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Szwejser-Zawislak E, Wilk MM, Piszczek P, et al. Evaluation of whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines in the context of long-term herd immunity[J]. Vaccines(Basel), 2022, 11(1): 1., articleTitle=Evaluation of whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines in the context of long-term herd immunity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680455750177553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=84, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Schmitt P, Borkner L, Jazayeri SD, journalName=Current Opinion in Immunology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Schmitt P, Borkner L, Jazayeri SD, et al. Nasal vaccines for pertussis[J].Current Opinion in Immunology, 2023, 84: 102355., articleTitle=Nasal vaccines for pertussis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680455867618077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=32, issue=18, pageStart=2093, pageEnd=2099, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Carollo M, Pandolfi E, Tozzi AE, journalName=Vaccine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Carollo M, Pandolfi E, Tozzi AE, et al. Humoral and B-cell memory responses in children five years after pertussis acellular vaccine priming[J]. Vaccine, 2014, 32(18): 2093-2099., articleTitle=Humoral and B-cell memory responses in children five years after pertussis acellular vaccine priming, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680456001835820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=7, pageStart=1088, pageEnd=1091, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=16, authorNames=李国华, 卜洁琼, journalName=中国学校卫生, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李国华,卜洁琼.日照市某小学一起百日咳暴发疫情流行病学调查[J].中国学校卫生202344(7):1088-1091., articleTitle=日照市某小学一起百日咳暴发疫情流行病学调查, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680456136053557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=7, pageStart=1088, pageEnd=1091, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Li GH, Bu JQ, journalName=Chinese Journal of School Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li GH, Bu JQ. Epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of pertussis in a primary school in Rizhao[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2023, 44(7): 1088-1091., articleTitle=Epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of pertussis in a primary school in Rizhao, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680456266076992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=6, pageStart=644, pageEnd=649, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=18, authorNames=孙炜玮, 陶泽新, 张岩, journalName=中国疫苗和免疫, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙炜玮,陶泽新,张岩,等.2022年山东省1起百日咳疫苗高覆盖率小学百日咳暴发调查[J].中国疫苗和免疫202228(6):644-649., articleTitle=2022年山东省1起百日咳疫苗高覆盖率小学百日咳暴发调查, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680456396100426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=6, pageStart=644, pageEnd=649, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Sun WW, Tao ZX, Zhang Y, journalName=Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun WW, Tao ZX, Zhang Y, et al. Investigation of a pertussis outbreak in a primary school that had high pertussis vaccination coverage, Shandong province,2022[J]. Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, 2022, 28(6): 644-649., articleTitle=Investigation of a pertussis outbreak in a primary school that had high pertussis vaccination coverage, Shandong province,2022, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680457939604307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=36, issue=7, pageStart=95, pageEnd=97, 100, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=20, authorNames=赵晓燕, 宋泰霞, 岳勇, journalName=中国初级卫生保健, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵晓燕,宋泰霞,岳勇.成都市某学校百日咳聚集性疫情流行病学调查[J].中国初级卫生保健202236(7):95-97, 100., articleTitle=成都市某学校百日咳聚集性疫情流行病学调查, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680458086404955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=36, issue=7, pageStart=95, pageEnd=97, 100, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Zhao XY, Song TX, Yue Y, journalName=Chinese Primary Health Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao XY, Song TX, Yue Y. Epidemiological investigation and analysis of rare pertussis aggregation in a certain school in Chengdu[J]. Chinese Primary Health Care, 2022, 36(7): 95-97, 100., articleTitle=Epidemiological investigation and analysis of rare pertussis aggregation in a certain school in Chengdu, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680458187068260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=27, issue=3, pageStart=317, pageEnd=327, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=22, authorNames=中华预防医学会, 中华预防医学会疫苗与免疫分会, journalName=中国疫苗和免疫, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华预防医学会,中华预防医学会疫苗与免疫分会.中国百日咳行动计划专家共识[J].中国疫苗和免疫202127(3):317-327., articleTitle=中国百日咳行动计划专家共识, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680458283537259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=27, issue=3, pageStart=317, pageEnd=327, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Vaccine and Immunology Branch of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, journalName=Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Vaccine and Immunology Branch of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association. Expert consensus on the China Pertussis Initiative[J]. Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, 2021, 27(3): 317-327., articleTitle=Expert consensus on the China Pertussis Initiative, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680458400977782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=3, pageStart=6, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=24, authorNames=张梦, 吴丹, 李艺星, journalName=中华流行病学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张梦,吴丹,李艺星,等.全球百日咳防控面临的挑战[J].中华流行病学杂志202344(3):6., articleTitle=全球百日咳防控面临的挑战, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680458518418303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=3, pageStart=6, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Zhang M, Wu D, Li YX, journalName=Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang M, Wu D, Li YX, et al. Challenges to global pertussis prevention and control[J]. Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, 2023, 44(3): 6., articleTitle=Challenges to global pertussis prevention and control, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680458656830346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=98, issue=16, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Xu JW, Liu SD, Liu Q, journalName=Medicine (Baltimore), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu JW, Liu SD, Liu Q, et al. The effectiveness and safety of pertussis booster vaccination for adolescents and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2019, 98(16): e15281., articleTitle=The effectiveness and safety of pertussis booster vaccination for adolescents and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680458749105047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=87, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Hutchinson AF, Smith SM, journalName=Midwifery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hutchinson AF, Smith SM. Effectiveness of strategies to increase uptake of pertussis vaccination by new parents and family caregivers:A systematic review[J]. Midwifery, 2020, 87: 102734., articleTitle=Effectiveness of strategies to increase uptake of pertussis vaccination by new parents and family caregivers:A systematic review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680458883322781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=10, issue=7, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Juscamayta-López E, Valdivia F, Soto MP, journalName=Open Forum Infectious Diseases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Juscamayta-López E, Valdivia F, Soto MP, et al. Case-control study to estimate the association between Tdap vaccination during pregnancy and reduced risk of pertussis in newborn infants in Peru,2019-2021[J]. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2023, 10(7): ofad325., articleTitle=Case-control study to estimate the association between Tdap vaccination during pregnancy and reduced risk of pertussis in newborn infants in Peru,2019-2021, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680459000763306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=177, issue=4, pageStart=395, pageEnd=400, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Skoff TH, Deng L, Bozio CH, journalName=JAMA Pediatrics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Skoff TH, Deng L, Bozio CH, et al. US infant pertussis incidence trends before and after implementation of the maternal tetanus,diphtheria, and pertussis vaccine[J]. JAMA Pediatrics, 2023, 177(4):395-400., articleTitle=US infant pertussis incidence trends before and after implementation of the maternal tetanus,diphtheria, and pertussis vaccine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680459176924083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=26, issue=3, pageStart=296, pageEnd=300, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=30, authorNames=何寒青, 邓璇, 唐学雯, journalName=中国疫苗和免疫, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何寒青,邓璇,唐学雯,等.青少年和成人百日咳疫苗加强免疫策略卫生经济学研究的系统评价[J].中国疫苗和免疫202026(3):296-300., articleTitle=青少年和成人百日咳疫苗加强免疫策略卫生经济学研究的系统评价, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241680459315336123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=26, issue=3, pageStart=296, pageEnd=300, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=31, authorNames=He HQ, Deng X, Tang XW, journalName=Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He HQ, Deng X, Tang XW, et al. Health and economic evaluations of pertussis booster vaccination for adolescents and adults: a systematic literature review[J]. Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, 2020, 26(3):296-300., articleTitle=Health and economic evaluations of pertussis booster vaccination for adolescents and adults: a systematic literature review, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241680453808214626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, awardId=YZ2022259, language=CN, fundingSource=扬州市科技局2022年市级计划——政策引导计划(软科学研究)(YZ2022259), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241680446694674831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241680446707257744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, companyId=1241680446694674831, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241680446715646353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, companyId=1241680446694674831, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=扬州市疾病预防控制中心,江苏 扬州 225000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241680450981253641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Age distribution of reported cases of pertussis in Yangzhou in 2022, figureFileSmall=rXLcRuGKz6phWy3xEtuaDw==, figureFileBig=rdrUVDmIzzdQVY+ZIBR2qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680451107082767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2022年扬州市百日咳报告病例的年龄分布, figureFileSmall=rXLcRuGKz6phWy3xEtuaDw==, figureFileBig=rdrUVDmIzzdQVY+ZIBR2qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680451279049237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Seasonal distribution of reported cases of pertussis in Yangzhou in 2022, figureFileSmall=94VSUHG5l3Xv+M2cTHj+6Q==, figureFileBig=3lWtaAMm5El13EkeVU/HyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680451404878363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2022年扬州市百日咳报告病例的发病时间分布, figureFileSmall=94VSUHG5l3Xv+M2cTHj+6Q==, figureFileBig=3lWtaAMm5El13EkeVU/HyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680451505541666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Distribution of immune history of patients in different age groups of reported pertussis cases in Yangzhou in 2022, figureFileSmall=g3YGyP8wd/Eanz4H4IFp9Q==, figureFileBig=AvaubbZFwTskN0p8Meolcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680451748811304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2022年扬州市百日咳报告病例不同年龄组患者免疫史分布, figureFileSmall=g3YGyP8wd/Eanz4H4IFp9Q==, figureFileBig=AvaubbZFwTskN0p8Meolcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680451870446133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of clinical symptoms between breakthrough cases and non-immune cases [n (%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
临床特征突破病例
n=170)
未免疫病例
(n=28)
χ2P
住院情况15.787<0.001
90(52.9)26(92.9)
80(47.1)2(7.1)
发热0.0170.897a
17(10.0)2(7.1)
153(90.0)26(92.9)
痉挛性咳嗽0.80.371
113(66.5)21(75.0)
57(33.5)7(25.0)
吸气性呼吸音0.1460.703
37(21.8)7(25.0)
133(78.2)21(75.0)
呕吐1.0570.304
34(20.0)8(28.6)
136(80.0)20(71.4)
口唇青紫
9(5.3)9(32.1)20.969<0.001a
161(94.7)19(67.9)
出现窒息
3(1.8)0(0.0)1.000b
167(98.2)28(100.0)
合并症c
18(10.6)9(32.1)7.7420.005b
152(89.4)19(67.9)
转归19.374<0.001b
痊愈59(34.7)1(3.6)
好转111(65.3)25(89.3)
较差0(0.0)2(7.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1241680453372006974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

突破病例与未免疫病例的临床症状比较[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
临床特征突破病例
n=170)
未免疫病例
(n=28)
χ2P
住院情况15.787<0.001
90(52.9)26(92.9)
80(47.1)2(7.1)
发热0.0170.897a
17(10.0)2(7.1)
153(90.0)26(92.9)
痉挛性咳嗽0.80.371
113(66.5)21(75.0)
57(33.5)7(25.0)
吸气性呼吸音0.1460.703
37(21.8)7(25.0)
133(78.2)21(75.0)
呕吐1.0570.304
34(20.0)8(28.6)
136(80.0)20(71.4)
口唇青紫
9(5.3)9(32.1)20.969<0.001a
161(94.7)19(67.9)
出现窒息
3(1.8)0(0.0)1.000b
167(98.2)28(100.0)
合并症c
18(10.6)9(32.1)7.7420.005b
152(89.4)19(67.9)
转归19.374<0.001b
痊愈59(34.7)1(3.6)
好转111(65.3)25(89.3)
较差0(0.0)2(7.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1241680453502030405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis of protective effects of pertussis vaccine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
免疫特征病例组(n=200)对照组(n=400)OR值(95%CI)保护效果(%)a(95%CI)P
例数构成比(%)例数构成比(%)
总体疫苗保护效果
有免疫史17286.035889.50.139 0 (0.029 6 ~ 0.653 0)86.10 (34.70 ~ 97.04)0.012
无免疫史2814.04210.5Ref b
不同免疫剂次(剂次)
1 ~ 3136.5328.00.146 5 (0.031 1 ~ 0.689 0)85.35 (31.10 ~ 96.89)0.015
415979.532681.50.018 0 (0.001 2 ~ 0.257 2)98.20 (74.28 ~ 99.88)0.003
02814.04210.5Ref b
免疫后时间(年)
<1115.5348.50.142 8 (0.030 0 ~ 0.679 2)85.72 (32.08 ~ 97.00)0.014
1 ~ 34522.59122.80.110 3 (0.009 2 ~ 1.315 0)88.97 (-31.50 ~ 99.08)0.081
≥411658.023358.30.107 4 (0.007 6 ~ 1.516 4)89.26 (-51.64 ~ 99.24)0.099
未免疫2814.04210.5Ref b
), ArticleFig(id=1241680453627859539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522856979395429, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

百日咳疫苗保护效果分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
免疫特征病例组(n=200)对照组(n=400)OR值(95%CI)保护效果(%)a(95%CI)P
例数构成比(%)例数构成比(%)
总体疫苗保护效果
有免疫史17286.035889.50.139 0 (0.029 6 ~ 0.653 0)86.10 (34.70 ~ 97.04)0.012
无免疫史2814.04210.5Ref b
不同免疫剂次(剂次)
1 ~ 3136.5328.00.146 5 (0.031 1 ~ 0.689 0)85.35 (31.10 ~ 96.89)0.015
415979.532681.50.018 0 (0.001 2 ~ 0.257 2)98.20 (74.28 ~ 99.88)0.003
02814.04210.5Ref b
免疫后时间(年)
<1115.5348.50.142 8 (0.030 0 ~ 0.679 2)85.72 (32.08 ~ 97.00)0.014
1 ~ 34522.59122.80.110 3 (0.009 2 ~ 1.315 0)88.97 (-31.50 ~ 99.08)0.081
≥411658.023358.30.107 4 (0.007 6 ~ 1.516 4)89.26 (-51.64 ~ 99.24)0.099
未免疫2814.04210.5Ref b
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1227664546253402114, delFlag=0, nameCn=现代预防医学, nameEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1003-8507, eissn=null, cn=51-1365/R, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1770627636734, updatedTime=1770628902248, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=M, firstLetterEn=M, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, picEn=/9iTl8/ndms4tBz1fL28Pg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1227669854342280188, language=CN, name=现代预防医学, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770628902278, updatedTime=1770628902278, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/regist, submissionEditorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionReviewUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1227669854396806141, language=EN, name=Modern Preventive Medicine, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770628902291, updatedTime=1770628902291, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/regist, submissionEditorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionReviewUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1227665162245664772, websiteList=[Website(id=1227687234141352800, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1227665162245664772, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN, language=CN, createTime=1770633045945, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770633090526, updateBy=18614031015, name=现代预防医学-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=现代预防医学, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1227687735088051072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770633165380, updateTime=1770633165380, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735071273853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770633165376, updateTime=1770633165376, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735113216899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165386, updateTime=1770633165386, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735062885244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/file/pic?fileId=/XB5plC0xuykmQnycvtyrw==, createTime=1770633165374, updateTime=1770633165374, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735125799813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165389, updateTime=1770633165389, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735083856767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/file/pic, createTime=1770633165379, updateTime=1770633165379, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735121605508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165388, updateTime=1770633165388, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735079662462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1770633165378, updateTime=1770633165378, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735096439681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770633165382, updateTime=1770633165382, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735104828290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770633165384, updateTime=1770633165384, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1227687234338485094, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1227665162245664772, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN, language=EN, createTime=1770633045992, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770633115374, updateBy=18614031015, name=现代预防医学-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Modern Preventive Medicine, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1227687709129507332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770633159191, updateTime=1770633159191, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709108535809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770633159186, updateTime=1770633159186, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709167256071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159200, updateTime=1770633159200, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709095952896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/file/pic?fileId=/XB5plC0xuykmQnycvtyrw==, createTime=1770633159183, updateTime=1770633159183, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709179838985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159203, updateTime=1770633159203, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709121118723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/file/pic, createTime=1770633159189, updateTime=1770633159189, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709171450376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159201, updateTime=1770633159201, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709112730114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1770633159187, updateTime=1770633159187, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709133701637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770633159192, updateTime=1770633159192, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709154673158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770633159197, updateTime=1770633159197, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=现代预防医学, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, journalPhotoCn=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, journalPhotoEn=/9iTl8/ndms4tBz1fL28Pg==, journalFirstLetter=M, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307123, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307123, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/PDF/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307123, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/PDF/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307123, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
高疫苗覆盖率下扬州市百日咳病例激增的影响因素分析
收藏切换
PDF下载
唐诗静 , 梁杰 , 董玉颖 , 徐娅雯
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024,51(3): 542-546
收起
收藏切换
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024, 51(3): 542-546
高疫苗覆盖率下扬州市百日咳病例激增的影响因素分析
全屏
唐诗静, 梁杰, 董玉颖 , 徐娅雯
作者信息
  • 扬州市疾病预防控制中心,江苏 扬州 225000
  • 唐诗静(1996 —),女,硕士,初级,研究方向:免疫规划

通讯作者:

董玉颖,E-mail:
Analysis of influencing factors of pertussis cases surge in Yangzhou city under high vaccine coverage
Shi-jing TANG, Jie LIANG, Yu-ying DONG , Ya-wen XU
Affiliations
  • Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
出版时间: 2024-02-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307123
文章导航
收藏切换
目的

分析2022年扬州市百日咳疫情流行特征和无细胞百日咳类疫苗(acellular pertussis vaccine, aPV)预防百日咳的保护效果(vaccine effectiveness),探讨在高疫苗覆盖率形势下病例激增的影响因素及应对策略。

方法

对发病病例的临床数据进行统计分析,采用1:2匹配病例对照研究,分析aPV预防百日咳的保护效果。

结果

发病率-年龄曲线呈“U”形,0 ~ 3月龄婴幼儿发病率较高,为127.8/10万,第2个发病高峰发生在5 ~ 7岁儿童,发病率超过60/10万。发病病例中突破病例占86.0%,突破病例在并发症等临床症状的情况好于未免疫病例。aPV预防百日咳的总体保护效果为86.10%(95%CI: 34.70% ~ 97.04%),1 ~ 3剂次aPV预防百日咳的保护效果为85.35%(95%CI: 31.10% ~ 96.89%),4剂次aPV的保护效果达98.20%(95%CI: 74.28% ~ 99.88%),发病-接种间隔时间<1年的保护效果为85.72%(95%CI: 32.08%~ 97.00%),提示接种后时间增长为百日咳发病的危险因素。

结论

目前百日咳免疫策略与流行特征不相匹配,0 ~ 3月龄婴幼儿以及学龄儿童的百日咳风险颇高。aPV的保护效果的时效性不佳,需进一步调整和完善百日咳免疫策略,尤其需要考虑百日咳加强免疫在学龄期儿童的应用。

百日咳  /  无细胞百日咳类疫苗  /  保护效果  /  流行特征  /  免疫策略
Objective

To analyze the epidemic characteristics of pertussis in Yangzhou City in 2022 and the vaccine effectiveness(VE) of acellular pertussis vaccine (aPV) against pertussis, and to explore the influencing factors of the case surge under the high vaccine coverage, as well as the responding strategies.

Methods

The clinical data of pertussis patients were analyzed using a matched case-control study with the ratio of 1:2 to investigate the vaccine effectiveness of aPV in preventing pertussis.

Results

The incidence-age curve showed the “U-shape”. The incidence of infants at the age of 3 months was higher, which was 127.8/100 000. The second peak occurred in children aged 5 to 7 years, with the incidence exceeding 60/100 000. Among the cases, the breakthrough cases accounted for 86.0%, and the clinical symptoms such as complications of the breakthrough cases were better than those of the unimmunized cases. The total VE of aPV in preventing pertussis was 86.10% (95%CI: 34.70%-97.04%), the VE of 1 dose of aPV in preventing pertussis was 85.35% (95%CI: 31.10%-96.89%), the VE of 4 doses of aPV was 98.20% (95%CI: 74.28%-99.88%), and the VE of onset-vaccination interval less than 1 year was 85.72% (95%CI: 32.8%-99.00%), indicating that the increased duration of time after vaccination was a risk factor for pertussis.

Conclusion

Currently, the immunization strategy of pertussis does not match the epidemic characteristics, and the risk of pertussis is high in infants at the age of 3 months and school-age children. The protective effect of aPV is not timely, so it is necessary to further modify and improve the pertussis immunization strategy, especially to consider the application of pertussis immunization in school-age children.

Pertussis  /  Acellular pertussis vaccine  /  Protective effect  /  Case-control study  /  Epidemic characteristics  /  Immune strategy
唐诗静, 梁杰, 董玉颖, 徐娅雯. 高疫苗覆盖率下扬州市百日咳病例激增的影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (3) : 542 -546 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307123
Shi-jing TANG, Jie LIANG, Yu-ying DONG, Ya-wen XU. Analysis of influencing factors of pertussis cases surge in Yangzhou city under high vaccine coverage[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (3) : 542 -546 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307123
百日咳(pertussis)一般由百日咳鲍特杆菌(Bordetella pertussis, Bp)感染引起,是一种传染性极高的呼吸道疾病,通常表现为反复、持久的咳嗽。在疫苗尚未普及的时代,对全球的婴幼儿和儿童造成极大的疾病负担[1]。国家扩大免疫规划实施后,百日咳类疫苗覆盖率不断提高,自2000年来,在目标人群中的接种率高于95%[2],百日咳发病率和死亡率也显著降低,2006—2010年中国百日咳报告发病率约为0.2/10万[3]。期间,由于全细胞百日咳疫苗 (whole- cell pertussis vaccine, wPV)的高不良反应,许多国家转而使用无细胞百日咳类疫苗(acellular pertussis vaccine, aPV),然而尽管在高疫苗覆盖率下,百日咳疫情近十多年来再次频繁发生,特别是在改用这种疫苗的国家[4]。百日咳发病率在国内外呈现明显增长,被称为百日咳重现(resurgence of pertussis),同时表现出青少年、成年百日咳病例增加的新流行特点[15]。2015—2019年,中国百日咳报告病例数从6 658例增长至30 027例[6],而这只是冰山一角,实际发病数可能达到医院监测报告的16.22倍[2]。扬州市2005—2021年的百日咳报告发病率一直维持在较低水平,年均报告发病率为0.06/10万。然而,在全市百白破类疫苗高覆盖率的背景下,2022年百日咳病例激增至200例,全市年报告发病率达4.38/10万。本研究将分析2022年扬州市百日咳疫情的流行病学特征,利用病例对照的研究方法对aPV预防百日咳的保护效果(vaccine effectiveness)进行评价,并探讨在高疫苗覆盖率形势下百日咳疾病的防控策略。
病例报卡、报告发病率等信息来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统,由县(市、区)疾控中心进行电话访问并填写病例个案调查表,同时利用江苏省儿童预防接种管理信息系统获取完整aPV免疫史和疫苗接种覆盖率。
2022年1月1日—12月31日以扬州市为现住址发病的百日咳报告病例,同时采用1:2匹配病例对照研究设计,以同年龄、同性别、同社区或村的条件筛选百日咳未发病的健康对照。未找到符合条件的对照时扩大所住地区范围,以邻近社区或村补齐。
本研究涉及的疫苗包括无细胞百白破疫苗(DTaP)、无细胞百白破b型流感嗜血杆菌(结合)联合疫苗(DTaP-Hib)和五联疫苗(DTaP-IPV-Hib),均为含无细胞百日咳成分疫苗。其中无细胞百白破疫苗与四联Hib免疫程序为出生后3、4和5月龄分别接种1剂次,在18月龄进行加强接种。五联疫苗的接种程序为出生后2、3、4和18月龄分别接种1剂次。结合百日咳最长潜伏期以及疫苗的抗体产生时间,本次研究中发病前21 d内接种的疫苗剂次将不纳入统计范围。
由医院被动监测,患者出现以下临床症状将被纳入监测病例:(1)出现阵发性痉挛性咳嗽,咳嗽症状≥2 周,排除其他原因者;(2)咳嗽后出现呼吸暂停、窒息、青紫和心动过缓症状的婴儿。监测病例中出现外周血白细胞计数及淋巴细胞明显增高者被分类为临床诊断病例。疑似病例或临床诊断病例中,具有下列情况之一者分类为实验室确诊病例:(1)从痰、鼻咽部分泌物分离到百日咳鲍特杆菌;(2)恢复期血清特异性抗体比急性期呈≥4倍增长;(3)利用多聚酶链反应方法(PCR)检测阳性。
应用SPSS 26.0对数据进行分析,使用χ2检验比较突破病例与无免疫史病例的临床数据,并利用条件logistic回归模型计算优势比(OR)分析aPV的保护效果,保护效果计算公式为(1-OR)×100%。同时根据情况使用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法进行统计比较。检验水准为α=0.05。
鉴于2022年百日咳发病率远高于近年流行水平,于是对所有的报告病例进行了流行病学特征分析。在200例报告病例中,实验室确诊病例104例(52.0%),临床诊断病例96例(48.0%),男性101例,女性99例,提示性别无显著性差异。关于职业分布,发病人群以学生为主,占45.0%,其次为幼托儿童和散居儿童,分别占31.0%和24.0%。关于年龄分布,最小发病年龄和最大发病年龄分别为29 d和13岁,其中0 ~ 3月龄儿童占比较高,为13.0%(26/200),发病率高达127.8/10万。婴幼儿免疫期开始后,发病率逐渐下降但在3岁以上的儿童中再次升高。此外,5 ~ 7岁儿童发病率超过60/10万,提示疫苗保护效果的衰减,见图1。发病病例涉及全市所有县(市、区),主要集中在人口密度较高的主城区,占比为70.5%(141/200)。尽管每个月份均有病例报告,但季节分布在春夏季节(3 ~ 8月)比例更高,占全年发病总数的90.5%(181/200),见图2
2022年全市百日咳疫苗基础免疫覆盖率为99.50%,全程免疫覆盖率为97.97%。200例报告病例中,突破病例占86.0%(172/200),其中0~ 3月龄病例组因未达免疫年龄或接种后未满21 d即发病,未免疫比例最高,为96.2%(25/26)。而其他年龄组免疫率均处于较高水平,其中aPV接种适龄儿童(4月龄及以上)病例的aPV免疫率达98.28%(171/174)。见图3
由于2例病例失访,以下分析共纳入198例百日咳病例。与突破病例相比,无百日咳接种史病例因百日咳住院的比例较高,存在统计学差异(χ2=15.787, P<0.001)。此外,突破病例出现口唇青紫、并发症(支气管肺炎、百日咳脑病等)均较少(χ2=20.969, P<0.001;χ2=7.742, P=0.005),同时,突破病例与无免疫史病例相比预后较好(χ2=19.374, P<0.001)。见表1
病例组、对照组中aPV接种史的比例分别为86.0%(172/200)、89.5%(358/400),OR值为0.139 (95%CI: 0.029 6 ~ 0.653 0),总体保护效果为86.10% (95%CI: 34.70% ~ 97.04%)。其中,1 ~ 3剂次aPV的疫苗保护效果为85.35%(95%CI: 31.10% ~ 96.89%),4剂次的保护效果为98.20% (95%CI: 74.28% ~ 99.88%)。免疫后时间<1年的保护效果为85.72% (95%CI: 32.08% ~ 97.00%),而接种年限为1 ~ 3年和≥4年与未免疫组无显著性差异。见表2
扬州市百日咳类疫苗覆盖率近年均维持在较高水平,在2022年前,百日咳报告发病率一直处于低位,而2022全市的报告病例激增可能与新冠背景下第三方实验室检测可获得性的大幅提升有高度关联。近期,由于百日咳在全国多地报告病例增加,百日咳重现的话题度在全国范围持续上升。本研究通过对2022年扬州市的报告病例展开流行病学统计分析和1:2的病例对照研究,对百日咳目前的流行特征、临床特征以及aPV预防百日咳的效果进行系统分析。
本次研究发现,扬州市2022年百日咳报告病例中,突破病例占86.0%,研究结果显示总体保护效果达86.10%,1 ~ 3剂次aPV的保护效果为85.35%,4剂次aPV预防Bp感染的保护效果达98.20%,与国内同类研究结果基本一致。聊城市一项病例对照研究显示aPV的总体保护效果为86.70%,全程免疫的保护效果为88.70%,且高于部分免疫的保护效果[7]。深圳市一项4月龄~6岁儿童的配对病例研究中显示,3剂次aPV保护效果为87.12%,而接种4剂次疫苗的保护效果为91.45%[8]。以上结果均显示全程免疫的保护效果优于部分免疫,提示儿童及时完成全程免疫的重要性。本研究中虽突破病例占比较高,但与未免疫病例相比,在住院情况、并发症、预后等方面均有良好表现。
本研究同样提示,接种-发病间隔<1年的保护效果为85.72%,但免疫后时间超过1年保护效果无显著性差异,提示aPV能在短期内提供较好的保护效果。同时,发病病例的年龄构成中显示,0 ~ 3月龄儿童感染风险较高,而在开始进行aPV免疫后风险降低。然而,发病率在学龄前儿童(5 ~ 7岁)中再次升高,均提示aPV预防Bp感染的保护效果随时间增长而衰退。过去使用的wPV和自然免疫能够诱导T辅助细胞1型(Helper T,TH)1和TH17的强烈反应,aPV主要诱导TH2/TH17的混合反应,而TH1在预防Bp感染中起重要作用,使得aPV与wPV相比无法提供长期保护[9-11]。但由于高不良反应率,wPV在国内已被aPV全面取代。此外,Bp是一种粘膜病原体,aPV由于缺乏粘膜免疫反应使得aPV无法长期有效控制病原体的持续定植和传播,从而导致了Bp的无症状传播[11]。研究结果表明,婴幼儿期免疫5年后,受种人群中的百日咳毒素抗体(IgG-Pertussis Toxin,IgG-PT)将不足以抵抗Bp感染,而学龄前进行加强免疫能有效恢复该群体的免疫力[12]。以上证据也为近年百日咳聚集性疫情在小学低年级频发提供了合理解释[13-15]。目前中国免疫策略中aPV最后一剂次接种时间为18月龄,因此将6周岁进行免疫的白破疫苗替换为百白破类疫苗可以为学龄儿童提供更加持久的保护[16]
目前,百日咳病例的分布已显著向青少年和成年人倾斜[16],但近年来,本市报告病例中青少年病例比例较低且无成年人病例,这极大可能与该人群中百日咳的漏报与误诊有关。国内外研究发现,百日咳疾病负担在全球范围内被严重低估,主动监测下百日咳发病率远超医院的报告发病率,此差异在青少年和成年人群中尤为明显,由于症状不典型,该人群的初次误诊率很高,易被误诊为支气管炎、感冒等[217]。此外,成年人群(父母、照看者等)出现的Bp隐性感染成为婴幼儿发病的重要传染源,而对该发病群体的忽视构成了家庭传播的有利条件[16],这也进一步解释了本市3月龄内婴幼儿极高的发病风险。青少年和成人百白破疫苗(Tetanus, diphtheria &acellular pertussis vaccine, for adult/adol, Tdap)的加强免疫计划已在多个发达国家展开,该计划相对安全并且能够提供有效保护[18]。茧策略(cocoon strategy)对婴幼儿的密切接触者进行加强免疫能降低婴幼儿的发病率和病死率,以及在孕妇中接种Tdap能显著减少婴幼儿的百日咳负担[19-21]。浙江省关于Tdap加强免疫的综述表明在发病率较高地区尽早实施青少年免疫策略具有重要卫生经济学意义[22]。因此,探讨Tdap在中国推行的可能性具有重要意义,同时应加强青少年、成年人中类百日咳症状监测将有可能降低全人群的百日咳发病率。
本研究存在诸多不足,本次病例选择依赖于医院的被动监测,有大部分病例因未被监测而纳入研究,因而所得到的发病率以及描述性分析与真实情况存在差距。同时,在疫苗保护效果的研究中,由于利用江苏省预防接种管理平台选取对照,仅能筛选到在管人员的免疫史档案,因而存在一定程度的选择偏倚。
综上,鉴于目前百日咳的主要传播形式,统一明确百日咳病例定义并加强类百日咳症状的主动监测,及时识别青少年、成年人群中潜在传染源将在一定程度上有效阻断传播链。同时,由于目前aPV提供的保护时效性有限以及现行免疫策略与流行特征不匹配,建议对处于Bp感染高风险的学龄前儿童进行aPV的加强免疫以减少百日咳的疾病负担。现行aPV策略无法在人群中提供长期、有效的保护,在国内推行百日咳疫苗全生命周期使用的可能性以及新型百日咳类疫苗的研发是目前重要的研究方向。
  • 扬州市科技局2022年市级计划——政策引导计划(软科学研究)(YZ2022259)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Nian XX, Liu HB, Cai MY, et al. Coping strategies for pertussis resurgence[J]. Vaccines (Basel), 2023, 11(5): 889.
[2]
Huang H, Zhu T, Gao C, et al. Epidemiological features of pertussis resurgence based on community populations with high vaccination coverage in China[J]. Epidemiology and Infection, 2015, 143(9): 1950-1956.
[3]
汪海波,罗会明,温宁,等.我国2006~2010年百日咳流行病学分析[J].中国疫苗和免疫201218(3):207-210.
Wang HB, Luo HM, Wen N, et al. Epidemiological analysis on pertussis in China during 2006-2010[J]. Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization,2012, 18(3): 207-210.
[4]
Kuehn BM. Resurgence of pertussis linked with Switch to acellular vaccine[J]. JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association,2021, 326(4): 300.
[5]
Macina D, Evans KE. Bordetella pertussis in School-Age Children,Adolescents and Adults: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology and Mortality in Europe[J]. Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 2021, 10(4): 2071-2118.
[6]
Zhang JS, Deng JK, Yang YH. Pertussis vaccination in Chinese children with increasing reported pertussis cases[J]. Lancet Infectious Diseases,2022, 22(1): 21-22.
[7]
李玉峰.聊城市儿童百日咳疫苗保护效果的病例对照研究[D].北京:中国疾病预防控制中心,2018.
Li YF. A case-control study on the protective effect of pertussis vaccine in children in Liaocheng City, China[D]. Beijing: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018.
[8]
李文豪,邱春红,彭远舟,等.深圳市4月龄-6岁儿童百日咳疫苗保护效果的配对病例对照研究[J].中国疫苗和免疫202228(5):525-528.
Li WH, Qiu CH, Peng YZ, et al. Effectiveness of pertussis vaccine among children 4 months to 6 years of age in Shenzhen city: a matched case-control study[J]. Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, 2022, 28(5): 525-528.
[9]
张梦,吴丹,李艺星,等.国外百日咳疫苗免疫原性与保护效果的关系研究进展[J].中国疫苗和免疫202228(4):481-485.
Zhang M, Wu D, Li YX, et al. The association of immunogenicity with effectiveness of foreign pertussis vaccine: a literature review[J]. Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, 2022, 28(4): 481-485.
[10]
Szwejser-Zawislak E, Wilk MM, Piszczek P, et al. Evaluation of whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines in the context of long-term herd immunity[J]. Vaccines(Basel), 2022, 11(1): 1.
[11]
Schmitt P, Borkner L, Jazayeri SD, et al. Nasal vaccines for pertussis[J].Current Opinion in Immunology, 2023, 84: 102355.
[12]
Carollo M, Pandolfi E, Tozzi AE, et al. Humoral and B-cell memory responses in children five years after pertussis acellular vaccine priming[J]. Vaccine, 2014, 32(18): 2093-2099.
[13]
李国华,卜洁琼.日照市某小学一起百日咳暴发疫情流行病学调查[J].中国学校卫生202344(7):1088-1091.
Li GH, Bu JQ. Epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of pertussis in a primary school in Rizhao[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2023, 44(7): 1088-1091.
[14]
孙炜玮,陶泽新,张岩,等.2022年山东省1起百日咳疫苗高覆盖率小学百日咳暴发调查[J].中国疫苗和免疫202228(6):644-649.
Sun WW, Tao ZX, Zhang Y, et al. Investigation of a pertussis outbreak in a primary school that had high pertussis vaccination coverage, Shandong province,2022[J]. Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, 2022, 28(6): 644-649.
[15]
赵晓燕,宋泰霞,岳勇.成都市某学校百日咳聚集性疫情流行病学调查[J].中国初级卫生保健202236(7):95-97, 100.
Zhao XY, Song TX, Yue Y. Epidemiological investigation and analysis of rare pertussis aggregation in a certain school in Chengdu[J]. Chinese Primary Health Care, 2022, 36(7): 95-97, 100.
[16]
中华预防医学会,中华预防医学会疫苗与免疫分会.中国百日咳行动计划专家共识[J].中国疫苗和免疫202127(3):317-327.
Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Vaccine and Immunology Branch of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association. Expert consensus on the China Pertussis Initiative[J]. Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, 2021, 27(3): 317-327.
[17]
张梦,吴丹,李艺星,等.全球百日咳防控面临的挑战[J].中华流行病学杂志202344(3):6.
Zhang M, Wu D, Li YX, et al. Challenges to global pertussis prevention and control[J]. Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, 2023, 44(3): 6.
[18]
Xu JW, Liu SD, Liu Q, et al. The effectiveness and safety of pertussis booster vaccination for adolescents and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2019, 98(16): e15281.
[19]
Hutchinson AF, Smith SM. Effectiveness of strategies to increase uptake of pertussis vaccination by new parents and family caregivers:A systematic review[J]. Midwifery, 2020, 87: 102734.
[20]
Juscamayta-López E, Valdivia F, Soto MP, et al. Case-control study to estimate the association between Tdap vaccination during pregnancy and reduced risk of pertussis in newborn infants in Peru,2019-2021[J]. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2023, 10(7): ofad325.
[21]
Skoff TH, Deng L, Bozio CH, et al. US infant pertussis incidence trends before and after implementation of the maternal tetanus,diphtheria, and pertussis vaccine[J]. JAMA Pediatrics, 2023, 177(4):395-400.
[22]
何寒青,邓璇,唐学雯,等.青少年和成人百日咳疫苗加强免疫策略卫生经济学研究的系统评价[J].中国疫苗和免疫202026(3):296-300.
He HQ, Deng X, Tang XW, et al. Health and economic evaluations of pertussis booster vaccination for adolescents and adults: a systematic literature review[J]. Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, 2020, 26(3):296-300.
2024年第51卷第3期
PDF下载
57
26
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307123
  • 接收时间:2023-07-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-02-10
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-10
基金
扬州市科技局2022年市级计划——政策引导计划(软科学研究)(YZ2022259)
作者信息
    扬州市疾病预防控制中心,江苏 扬州 225000

通讯作者:

董玉颖,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307123
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏