Article(id=1241522849735824073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308092, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1691510400000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773931713756, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1707494400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773931713756, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773931713756, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931713756, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241522846384583426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='3', pageStart='385', pageEnd='576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773931712956, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931842201, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241523388544504301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241523388544504302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=428, endPage=432, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241522851644232438, articleId=1241522849735824073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of the relationship between Mediterranean dietary pattern and bone mineral density in the middle-aged and elderly, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationship between Mediterranean dietary pattern and bone mineral density (BMD) in the middle-aged and elderly, so as to provide reference for nutritional prevention and control of bone health.

Methods

A total of 909 community residents aged 45 and above in Urumqi were enrolled from July 2018 to February 2019. The calcaneal bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by ultrasonic BMD device. The dietary intake information was collected by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and scored by Mediterranean dietary pattern. Univariate and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of Mediterranean dietary score and bone mineral density and the relationship between them.

Results

There were significant differences in the scores of Mediterranean dietary patterns among people of different genders (t=-2.199, P=0.028) and educational levels (F=6.986, P=0.001). There were significant differences in BMD T value among different genders (t=-4.632, P<0.001), age (F=19.753, P<0.001), smoking (t=3.617, P<0.001), physical activity level (F=5.858, P=0.003), and sleep duration (F=6.651, P=0.01). The results of multiple linear regression showed that there was a positive correlation between Mediterranean dietary pattern score and bone mineral density T value in the middle-aged and elderly women (β=0.090, P=0.024),while there was no statistical significance in male population model.

Conclusion

There is a positive correlation between Mediterranean diet and bone mineral density in middle-aged and elderly women. It is suggested that middle-aged and elderly residents adjust their diet to protect bone health.

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目的

探讨地中海膳食模式与中老年人骨密度的关系,为骨健康的营养防控提供参考。

方法

于2018年7月—2019年2月纳入乌鲁木齐市45岁及以上社区居民909人,使用超声骨密度仪测定跟骨骨密度,用半定量食物频率问卷采集膳食摄入信息并应用地中海膳食模式进行评分,通过单因素及多元线性回归分析地中海膳食评分和骨密度的影响因素以及两者的关系。

结果

不同性别(t=-2.199,P=0.028)、文化程度(F=6.986,P=0.001)的人群地中海膳食模式评分存在统计学差异;不同性别(t=-4.632,P<0.001)、年龄(F=19.753,P<0.001)、吸烟情况(t=3.617,P<0.001)、体力活动水平(F=5.858,P=0.003)、睡眠时长(F=6.651,P=0.001)人群的骨密度T值存在统计学差异,多元线性回归结果显示中老年女性人群地中海膳食模式评分与骨密度T值呈正相关(β=0.090,P=0.024),男性人群模型未见统计学意义。

结论

中老年女性地中海膳食与骨密度水平呈正相关,建议中老年居民调整膳食,保护骨骼健康。

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肖辉,E-mail:
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沈静(1986—),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:人群营养与健康

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Basic information of 909 middle-aged and elderly residents of the community

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分组人数(n=909)构成比(%)
性别33036.3
57963.7
年龄(岁)45~5424026.4
55~6435138.6
≥6531835.0
民族汉族85193.6
少数民族586.4
文化程度小学及以下29932.9
初中32335.5
高中及以上28731.6
婚姻状况有配偶79887.8
无配偶11112.2
吸烟情况不吸烟71278.3
吸烟19721.7
体力活动水平低强度24627.1
中强度49154.0
高强度17218.9
睡眠时长(h)6.5~851857.0
<6.529832.8
>89310.2
), ArticleFig(id=1241680449148350821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849735824073, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

909名社区中老年居民的一般情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分组人数(n=909)构成比(%)
性别33036.3
57963.7
年龄(岁)45~5424026.4
55~6435138.6
≥6531835.0
民族汉族85193.6
少数民族586.4
文化程度小学及以下29932.9
初中32335.5
高中及以上28731.6
婚姻状况有配偶79887.8
无配偶11112.2
吸烟情况不吸烟71278.3
吸烟19721.7
体力活动水平低强度24627.1
中强度49154.0
高强度17218.9
睡眠时长(h)6.5~851857.0
<6.529832.8
>89310.2
), ArticleFig(id=1241680449324511603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849735824073, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of Mediterranean dietary pattern scores in different populations (n=909)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分组地中海膳食模式评分
(分,
t/FP
性别3.23±1.59-2.1990.028
3.46±1.51
年龄(岁)45~543.47±1.641.2420.289
55~643.41±1.50
≥653.27±1.52
民族汉族3.37±1.54-0.7180.473
少数民族3.52±1.56
文化程度小学及以下3.16±1.466.9860.001
初中3.34±1.60
高中及以上3.63±1.54
婚姻状态有配偶3.40±1.531.3620.174
无配偶3.19±1.64
吸烟情况不吸烟3.38±1.530.2670.790
吸烟3.35±1.60
体力活动水平低强度3.46±1.540.5070.603
中强度3.33±1.53
高强度3.38±1.61
睡眠时长(h)6.5~83.41±1.491.6560.191
<6.53.26±1.68
>83.56±1.38
), ArticleFig(id=1241680449420980607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849735824073, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同人群地中海膳食模式评分比较(n=909)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分组地中海膳食模式评分
(分,
t/FP
性别3.23±1.59-2.1990.028
3.46±1.51
年龄(岁)45~543.47±1.641.2420.289
55~643.41±1.50
≥653.27±1.52
民族汉族3.37±1.54-0.7180.473
少数民族3.52±1.56
文化程度小学及以下3.16±1.466.9860.001
初中3.34±1.60
高中及以上3.63±1.54
婚姻状态有配偶3.40±1.531.3620.174
无配偶3.19±1.64
吸烟情况不吸烟3.38±1.530.2670.790
吸烟3.35±1.60
体力活动水平低强度3.46±1.540.5070.603
中强度3.33±1.53
高强度3.38±1.61
睡眠时长(h)6.5~83.41±1.491.6560.191
<6.53.26±1.68
>83.56±1.38
), ArticleFig(id=1241680449513255305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849735824073, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of BMD T-values in different populations (n=909)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分组骨密度T值
t/FP
性别-1.73±1.39-4.623<0.001
-1.33±1.22
年龄(岁)45~54-1.07±1.3819.753<0.001
55~64-1.49±1.23a
≥65-1.76±1.23ab
民族汉族-1.46±1.290.8620.389
少数民族-1.62±1.36
文化程度小学及以下-1.54±1.320.7430.476
初中-1.46±1.30
高中及以上-1.42±1.28
婚姻状态有配偶-1.46±1.320.8960.371
无配偶-1.58±1.17
吸烟情况不吸烟-1.39±1.233.617<0.001
吸烟-1.77±1.47
体力活动水平低强度-1.71±1.265.8580.003
中强度-1.37±1.33a
高强度-1.42±1.23a
睡眠时长(h)6.5~8-1.34±1.356.6510.001
<6.5-1.67±1.21a
>8-1.61±1.19
地中海膳食模式评分(分)0~2-1.74±1.215.9780.003
3~5-1.56±1.26
6~8-1.25±1.34ab
), ArticleFig(id=1241680449639084436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849735824073, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同特征人群骨密度T值比较(n=909)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分组骨密度T值
t/FP
性别-1.73±1.39-4.623<0.001
-1.33±1.22
年龄(岁)45~54-1.07±1.3819.753<0.001
55~64-1.49±1.23a
≥65-1.76±1.23ab
民族汉族-1.46±1.290.8620.389
少数民族-1.62±1.36
文化程度小学及以下-1.54±1.320.7430.476
初中-1.46±1.30
高中及以上-1.42±1.28
婚姻状态有配偶-1.46±1.320.8960.371
无配偶-1.58±1.17
吸烟情况不吸烟-1.39±1.233.617<0.001
吸烟-1.77±1.47
体力活动水平低强度-1.71±1.265.8580.003
中强度-1.37±1.33a
高强度-1.42±1.23a
睡眠时长(h)6.5~8-1.34±1.356.6510.001
<6.5-1.67±1.21a
>8-1.61±1.19
地中海膳食模式评分(分)0~2-1.74±1.215.9780.003
3~5-1.56±1.26
6~8-1.25±1.34ab
), ArticleFig(id=1241680449756524962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849735824073, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Multiple linear regression analysis of Mediterranean dietary patterns and bone mineral density in the female middle-aged and elderly population (n=579)

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变量B βPVIF值
常量0.9340.4150.025
地中海膳食模式评分0.0730.0320.0900.0241.022
年龄-0.0430.006-0.274<0.0011.048
吸烟-0.0850.523-0.0060.8701.016
体力活动水平(参考低体力活动)
中强度0.2680.1180.1100.0231.494
高强度0.1000.1430.0340.4851.486
睡眠时长(h,参考6.5~8)
<6.5-0.1650.108-0.0640.1261.106
>8-0.1680.171-0.0410.3251.086
), ArticleFig(id=1241680449836216748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849735824073, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

地中海膳食模式与女性中老年人群骨密度的多元线性回归分析(n=579)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量B βPVIF值
常量0.9340.4150.025
地中海膳食模式评分0.0730.0320.0900.0241.022
年龄-0.0430.006-0.274<0.0011.048
吸烟-0.0850.523-0.0060.8701.016
体力活动水平(参考低体力活动)
中强度0.2680.1180.1100.0231.494
高强度0.1000.1430.0340.4851.486
睡眠时长(h,参考6.5~8)
<6.5-0.1650.108-0.0640.1261.106
>8-0.1680.171-0.0410.3251.086
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地中海膳食模式与中老年人骨密度的相关分析
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沈静 , 彭星 , 杨蕾 , 肖辉
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024,51(3): 428-432
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024, 51(3): 428-432
地中海膳食模式与中老年人骨密度的相关分析
全屏
沈静, 彭星, 杨蕾, 肖辉
作者信息
  • 新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 沈静(1986—),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:人群营养与健康

通讯作者:

肖辉,E-mail:
Analysis of the relationship between Mediterranean dietary pattern and bone mineral density in the middle-aged and elderly
Jing SHEN, Xing PENG, Lei YANG, Hui XIAO
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
出版时间: 2024-02-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308092
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目的

探讨地中海膳食模式与中老年人骨密度的关系,为骨健康的营养防控提供参考。

方法

于2018年7月—2019年2月纳入乌鲁木齐市45岁及以上社区居民909人,使用超声骨密度仪测定跟骨骨密度,用半定量食物频率问卷采集膳食摄入信息并应用地中海膳食模式进行评分,通过单因素及多元线性回归分析地中海膳食评分和骨密度的影响因素以及两者的关系。

结果

不同性别(t=-2.199,P=0.028)、文化程度(F=6.986,P=0.001)的人群地中海膳食模式评分存在统计学差异;不同性别(t=-4.632,P<0.001)、年龄(F=19.753,P<0.001)、吸烟情况(t=3.617,P<0.001)、体力活动水平(F=5.858,P=0.003)、睡眠时长(F=6.651,P=0.001)人群的骨密度T值存在统计学差异,多元线性回归结果显示中老年女性人群地中海膳食模式评分与骨密度T值呈正相关(β=0.090,P=0.024),男性人群模型未见统计学意义。

结论

中老年女性地中海膳食与骨密度水平呈正相关,建议中老年居民调整膳食,保护骨骼健康。

地中海膳食模式  /  骨密度  /  中老年人
Objective

To explore the relationship between Mediterranean dietary pattern and bone mineral density (BMD) in the middle-aged and elderly, so as to provide reference for nutritional prevention and control of bone health.

Methods

A total of 909 community residents aged 45 and above in Urumqi were enrolled from July 2018 to February 2019. The calcaneal bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by ultrasonic BMD device. The dietary intake information was collected by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and scored by Mediterranean dietary pattern. Univariate and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of Mediterranean dietary score and bone mineral density and the relationship between them.

Results

There were significant differences in the scores of Mediterranean dietary patterns among people of different genders (t=-2.199, P=0.028) and educational levels (F=6.986, P=0.001). There were significant differences in BMD T value among different genders (t=-4.632, P<0.001), age (F=19.753, P<0.001), smoking (t=3.617, P<0.001), physical activity level (F=5.858, P=0.003), and sleep duration (F=6.651, P=0.01). The results of multiple linear regression showed that there was a positive correlation between Mediterranean dietary pattern score and bone mineral density T value in the middle-aged and elderly women (β=0.090, P=0.024),while there was no statistical significance in male population model.

Conclusion

There is a positive correlation between Mediterranean diet and bone mineral density in middle-aged and elderly women. It is suggested that middle-aged and elderly residents adjust their diet to protect bone health.

Mediterranean dietary pattern  /  Bone mineral density  /  The middle-aged and elderly
沈静, 彭星, 杨蕾, 肖辉. 地中海膳食模式与中老年人骨密度的相关分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (3) : 428 -432 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308092
Jing SHEN, Xing PENG, Lei YANG, Hui XIAO. Analysis of the relationship between Mediterranean dietary pattern and bone mineral density in the middle-aged and elderly[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (3) : 428 -432 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308092
骨质疏松症是一种由于骨重塑失调,以骨密度和骨量下降及骨结构破坏为特征的全身骨骼性疾病[1]。骨质疏松症所导致的骨强度受损和骨折风险增加,给社会带来了沉重的卫生和经济负担。据报道,全球每年由骨质疏松症引起骨折的人数达900万人,我国50岁以上人群的骨质疏松症患病率为19.2%[2]。因此,骨健康问题已经成为一个严重的公共卫生问题。性别、年龄、运动、膳食等多种因素都会影响到骨密度水平,其中膳食因素是较为重要的可调控因素之一[3]。膳食模式通过研究居民饮食的各种食物组成、种类、数量等,全面的研究饮食与健康间的关系,更有助于人群健康的促进[4]。目前,地中海膳食模式作为一种健康的膳食模式代表,已经有诸多国外的研究证明其对骨健康可能存在有益作用[5]。但尚未见我国人群骨健康与地中海膳食的相关研究结果。故本研究拟通过问卷调查收集乌鲁木齐市部分中老年人群的膳食摄入情况,采用超声骨密度仪测量人群骨密度,分析地中海膳食模式与中老年人群骨密度间的关系,为我国中老年居民膳食干预和骨健康的管理提供依据。
以2018年7月—2019年2月在乌鲁木齐市两个区各一个检测点参加全民体检的45岁及以上且在当地居住时间为10年以上的中老年人群为研究对象,排除在问卷正式开始前通过询问自报曾诊断患骨代谢相关疾病(佝偻病、甲亢等)或者长期服用影响骨代谢药物(如糖皮质激素、抗癫痫药物等)者,及因各种原因无法完成问卷调查或骨密度检测者,最终共纳入909人。本研究已通过新疆维吾尔自治区中医医院伦理委员会审核批准(批件号2018XE010 8),所有被调查者均对该研究知情且签署同意书。
采用韩国OsteoPro Smart超声骨密度仪检测研究对象的跟骨骨密度,得到骨密度T值[6]
问卷调查由调查者与受试者现场一对一询问填写。(1)基本情况问卷包括一般人口学特征(年龄、性别、婚姻状况、文化水平、个人疾病史、服药情况等)和生活行为方式(吸烟、饮酒、睡眠情况以及体力活动等);(2)膳食调查问卷应用半定量的食物频率问卷,调查居民既往12个月内摄入的食物种类、数量及频率。
在传统的地中海膳食模式评分量表的基础上,结合实际情况进行修正,得到调整的地中海膳食模式。评分共包括9个食物种类:蔬菜类、豆类、水果类、坚果类、全谷类、鱼类、畜肉及肉制品、奶制品和酒类。采用赋值法定义每个食物种类的摄入情况。对于有益食物种类即蔬菜类、豆类、水果类、坚果类、谷类、鱼类、奶制品,食用量高于均值者赋分值为1;对于畜肉及肉制品,低于均值则赋值为1;对于酒类,以每周都有饮用,且饮酒当日摄入酒精量不超过15 g[8]者赋值为1;其余情况均赋值为0,最终的总分为9类食物赋值分数相加。总分为0~9分,得分越高则代表该研究对象的饮食模式越接近地中海膳食。
骨密度的检测由经过培训的工作人员完成,每天使用前均进行标准校正。调查员在正式调查前集中进行膳食调查的专业培训,调查现场统一提供标准计量的食物模具等工具辅助完成膳食调查。
采用EpiData 3.1建立数据库进行平行双录入。运用SPSS 26.0进行数据分析。对计量资料进行正态性检验,符合正态分布的连续变量以(均数±标准差)描述,不服从正态分布的数据,采用[MP25P75)]表示。符合正态分布且方差齐性的组间计量资料的比较采用两独立样本的t检验或方差分析,组间两两比较满足方差齐性条件的采用LSD法,不符合正态或方差齐性的组间计量资料比较采用非参数秩和检验;计数资料用例数和百分比描述,地中海膳食模式与骨密度水平的多因素分析使用多元线性回归分析。检验水准α=0.05。
本次调查共纳入研究对象909人,平均年龄为(60.7±7.7)岁;其中男性330名(36.3%)、女性579名(63.7%);体力活动水平分别为低、中、高强度的人数分别占27.1%、54.0%、18.9%;睡眠时长在6.5~8 h的人数占57.0%。其余一般情况信息见表1
研究人群地中海膳食模式平均得分为(3.38±1.54)分。不同性别(t=-2.199,P=0.028)、文化程度 (F=6.986,P=0.001)的人群地中海膳食模式评分存在统计学差异,其余不同因素的人群评分差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。对不同文化程度的地中海膳食模式评分做线性趋势检验存在统计学意义(F=13.747,P<0.001),提示地中海膳食模式评分随文化程度的增高而增高。见表2
研究人群骨密度T值平均为(-1.47±1.30),不同性别、年龄、吸烟情况、体力活动水平、睡眠时长人群的骨密度T值存在统计学差异(均P<0.05);其余因素差异均未见统计学意义。对年龄、体力活动、睡眠时长进行两两比较,不同年龄组间比较均有统计学差异(均P<0.05),线性趋势检验有统计学意义(F=39.398,P<0.001),骨密度T值随年龄增长而降低;中强度体力活动组(P=0.001)、高强度组(P=0.023)分别与低强度组比较均存在统计学差异,中、高强度组间(P=0.671)无统计学意义;睡眠时长6.5~8 h组与<6.5 h组间比较差异(P=0.001)存在统计学意义。见表3
将骨密度T值作为因变量,总人群按性别分层进行多元线性回归分析。纳入地中海膳食模式评分、年龄、吸烟情况、体力活动水平、睡眠时长共5个自变量,进行多元线性回归分析。女性多元线性回归模型的方差结果为F=10.053(P<0.001),该模型至少有一个不为0的回归系数,模型具有统计学意义;多因素分析结果显示:骨密度T值与地中海膳食模式评分(β=0.090,P=0.024)呈正相关,与年龄(β=-0.274,P<0.001)呈负相关,中强度的体力活动(β=0.110,P=0.023)是保护因素。见表4。男性多元线性回归模型的方差结果F=1.598(P=0.135),该模型不具有统计学意义。
本研究采用地中海膳食模式评价乌鲁木齐市909名45岁及以上中老年人的膳食质量,并测定其跟骨骨密度,分析影响地中海膳食模式及骨密度的因素,重点探讨地中海膳食模式与骨密度的关系,为中老年人骨质疏松症及其骨折的营养防控提供一定科学依据。
近期一项纳入了国外13 000余人的系统综述结果显示,坚持地中海膳食模式与全身及多部位的骨密度呈正相关,地中海膳食模式对人群骨健康存在有益作用[9]。但地中海膳食模式在我国应用的相关研究较少。本次研究结果显示在女性中老年人群中,将地中海膳食模式评分及其他因素纳入多元线性回归分析,骨密度T值与地中海膳食模式评分仍呈显著正相关,提示在该中老年女性人群中,地中海膳食模式评分更高的人群骨密度水平也越好。地中海膳食模式的主要特点是大量摄入新鲜的蔬菜水果,含有丰富的维生素和膳食纤维;以非精制谷物为主,减少食物的加工,降低了营养素的流失;限制摄入畜肉以降低饱和脂肪酸,而推荐摄入鱼类、橄榄油则提高了多不饱和脂肪酸的摄入量,同时奶类和豆类制品的高水平摄入还提供了优质且丰富的蛋白质和钙[10]。除了以上营养特点,这种膳食模式还含有其他复杂的营养元素和具有抗炎、抗氧化等生物活性物质,多种营养物质协同作用,可通过多种途径减缓骨质丢失,提升骨量,降低骨质疏松症的风险[11]
虽然大多数研究结果认为中老年人群男性骨质疏松率低于女性,但本次研究显示男性骨密度T值低于女性,这可能与本次研究男性人数较少,且男性与女性人群可能存在年龄构成差异有关,需进一步深入分析,并增加样本量进行研究探讨。但该结果也提示中老年男性的骨健康状况需加强关注[2]。实际上,男性的骨质疏松症和骨折风险也很高,且男性髋部骨折导致发生致命并发症的风险较女性更高[12]。本次研究并未发现中老年男性人群地中海膳食模式与骨密度的相关关系,但有研究发现富含蔬菜和鱼类的膳食模式能减缓老年男性的髋部骨密度的流失,故男性仍应注重通过膳食的改善保护骨密度[13]
地中海膳食模式对我国中老年人群可能具有预防骨质疏松症及其骨折的积极作用。但传统的地中海饮食源于希腊、西班牙等地中海沿岸国家的饮食特点,由于不同地理环境下人群食物来源及饮食习惯存在较大差异,我国在相关研究中常采用调整的地中海膳食模式评价人群膳食质量。传统的地中海饮食认为适量的饮用红酒对健康有益,但本研究中因饮用红酒的人数极少,故对酒的摄入评分未采用红酒的摄入量,而是以2022版《中国居民膳食指南》中的饮用酒精量不超过15 g为标准[8]。目前酒精摄入与骨密度的研究很少,有部分研究结果显示适量的饮酒与骨密度呈正相关[14]。因此这一因素的调整评分可能并不会降低地中海膳食模式对骨密度的有益作用的表现。我国近年提出的东方健康膳食模式的代表即江南膳食模式与地中海模式极为接近[15]。已有研究显示江南膳食在减重与控血糖的效果显著,与地中海模式的表现接近[16]。已有多项研究结果显示东方膳食模式中豆类制品富含的大豆异黄酮有益于维持较高的骨密度水平,且东方健康膳食模式更符合我国人群食物摄入的特点,故在我国人群骨质疏松症的营养防控研究中,可进一步关注东方健康膳食模式与骨密度的关系[17]
本次研究对乌鲁木齐市部分中老年社区居民进行地中海膳食模式评分发现,影响地中海膳食模式评分的主要因素有性别和文化程度,其中女性人群评分高于男性,评分随文化程度的增高而增高。多项研究显示,女性、文化程度更高的人群营养健康知识的知晓情况更好,故而更容易具有健康的饮食行为[18]。所以在开展促进骨健康的营养宣教时,可根据性别、文化水平等特点,有针对性的开展宣传措施,从而达到更好的促进效果,防控骨质疏松症及其骨折,提高中老年人群的生命质量。
本研究结果提示地中海膳食模式对我国中老年人群,特别是女性人群可能产生积极的骨健康作用,为我国骨健康的膳食防控措施提供了一定的参考。但本研究仍存在一定的局限性,首先,横断面研究使得膳食与骨密度的关系缺乏因果证据;其次,人群样本量较小,特别是男性人数较少,使男性人群骨密度与地中海膳食的关系可能未能很好的展现;最后,超声骨密度测定法虽然在社区调查中具有便于开展检测的优点,但并不是临床诊断的标准方法,故在今后的研究中应进一步开展样本量更大的高质量队列研究,以期为人群骨健康的促进提出更多有价值的建议和措施。
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区”十四五“高等学校特色学科-公共卫生与预防医学
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金青年项目(2017D01C229)
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2024年第51卷第3期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308092
  • 接收时间:2023-08-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-09
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新疆维吾尔自治区”十四五“高等学校特色学科-公共卫生与预防医学
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金青年项目(2017D01C229)
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    新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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