Article(id=1241522849274450626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311218, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1699718400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773931713645, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1707494400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773931713645, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773931713645, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931713645, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241522846384583426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='3', pageStart='385', pageEnd='576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773931712956, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931842201, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241523388544504301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241523388544504302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=529, endPage=535, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241522851199636189, articleId=1241522849274450626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis on the epidemic trend of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province from 2004 to 2022, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province from 2004 to 2022, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in Henan Province.

Methods

The annual morbidity and mortality data of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province from 2004 to 2022 were collated, and the average annual change percentage(AAPC) and annual change percentage (APC) of reported incidence and mortality of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province from 2004 to 2022 were calculated. The time change trend of notifiable infectious diseases was analyzed.

Results

The total incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province showed an upward trend from 2004 to 2022 (AAPC=1.76%, P<0.05). After the increase, the total mortality decreased from 2007, and the APC was 64.90% and -4.50%, respectively (P<0.05). The incidence of hepatitis B increased first and then showed a downward trend since 2007, with APC of 23.15% and -8.28%, respectively (P<0.05). The AIDS mortality rate showed a slow downward trend from 2007 to 2020 (APC=-3.33%, P<0.05). The average annual morbidity and mortality of blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases were higher than those of other routes of transmission, with an upward trend from 2004 to 2006 and a downward trend from 2007 to 2022. The APC was 33.12% and -3.36%, respectively (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Blood and sexual transmission are the main transmission routes of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province, and their morbidity and mortality have begun to decrease and remain at a relatively stable level in recent years. Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken for key diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis, hand-foot-mouth disease, other infectious diarrheal diseases, and AIDS.

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目的

分析2004—2022年河南省法定传染病疫情流行病学特征,为河南省传染病防治工作提供参考。

方法

整理2004—2022年河南省法定传染病年度发病和死亡数据,计算2004—2022年河南省法定传染病报告发病率和死亡率的平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)和年度变化百分比(APC),分析法定传染病疫情的时间变化趋势。

结果

2004—2022年河南省法定传染病总发病率呈上升趋势(AAPC=1.76%,P<0.05);总死亡率上升后从2007年开始下降,APC分别为64.90%、 -4.50%(P均<0.05)。位于发病第一顺位的乙型肝炎发病率先上升后从2007年开始呈下降趋势,APC分别为23.15%、-8.28%(P均<0.05);位于死亡第一顺位的艾滋病死亡率在2007—2020年呈缓慢下降趋势(APC=-3.33%,P<0.05)。通过血源及性传播的传染病年平均发病率及死亡率均高于其他传播途径,发病率在2004—2006年呈上升趋势,死亡率在2007—2022年呈下降趋势,APC分别为33.12%、-3.36%(P均<0.05)。

结论

血源及性传播是河南省法定传染病的主要传播途径,近年来其发病率及死亡率开始下降并保持在相对稳定的水平;对肺结核、手足口病、其他感染性腹泻病及艾滋病等重点疾病应采取有针对性的防控措施。

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孙长青,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=p7vbx0IElYUE6mGsX4voug==, magXml=rF896hCjie3g8C8kjs2O6A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=K93DmQQo0VoWmaYzUpg6Rw==, pdfFileSize=1013733, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=9hHkZs66AsJb+Bxnoj/rgg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=n2Vo/VX4yO2jGzFfipgfSg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

马萱(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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马萱(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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Changes in notifiable infectious disease incidence in China during the COVID-19 pandemic[J].Nature Communications, 2021, 12(1): 6923., articleTitle=Changes in notifiable infectious disease incidence in China during the COVID-19 pandemic, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241680459852207070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849274450626, awardId=20BRK041, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金项目(20BRK041), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241680460003202022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849274450626, awardId=LHGJ20200681, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省科技攻关项目(LHGJ20200681), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241680451769782829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849274450626, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241680451778171438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849274450626, companyId=1241680451769782829, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241680451782365743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849274450626, companyId=1241680451769782829, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.郑州大学公共卫生学院社会医学与卫生事业管理教研室,河南 郑州 450001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241680451862057523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849274450626, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241680451874640437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849274450626, companyId=1241680451862057523, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.郑州大学护理与健康学院社区护理教研室,河南 郑州 450001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241680458371617652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849274450626, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Distribution of incidence of notifiable infectious diseases by different transmission routes in Henan Province, 2004—2022, figureFileSmall=NC64gl8PVdTF9+RIR6+RsA==, figureFileBig=WeGrBkmOZLGtKlh+4QHYrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680458489058172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849274450626, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2004—2022年河南省不同传播途径法定传染病发病分布, figureFileSmall=NC64gl8PVdTF9+RIR6+RsA==, figureFileBig=WeGrBkmOZLGtKlh+4QHYrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680458614887303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849274450626, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Distribution of deaths from legally communicable diseases by different transmission routes in Henan Province, 2004—2022, figureFileSmall=u68+BQ9Euye4u727SRSTIQ==, figureFileBig=Eul5wa/p1sckZ8xox817IA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680458719744918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849274450626, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2004—2022年河南省不同传播途径法定传染病死亡分布, figureFileSmall=u68+BQ9Euye4u727SRSTIQ==, figureFileBig=Eul5wa/p1sckZ8xox817IA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680458862351262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849274450626, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Overview of morbidity and mortality of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province, 2004—2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份
(年)
人口数
(万)
总计乙类传染病丙类传染病
发病例数发病率
(1/10万)
死亡例数死亡率
(1/100万)
发病例数发病率
(1/10万)
死亡例数死亡率
(1/100万)
发病例数发病率
(1/10万)
死亡例数死亡率
(1/100万)
20049 717261 196268.804394.52233 755240.564354.4827 44128.2440.04
20059 380333 703355.7699410.60297 056316.6999310.5936 64639.0710.01
20069 392351 233373.979369.97310 554330.669319.9140 67643.3150.05
20079 360377 755403.582 21723.69332 750355.502 21523.6645 00548.0820.02
20089 429382 420405.582 21623.50320 995340.432 21423.4861 42565.1420.02
20099 487469 251494.632 33324.59307 541324.172 24323.64161 710170.45900.95
20109 405425 104452.001 83719.53274 492291.861 77918.92150 612160.14580.62
20119 461419 994443.921 66017.55295 644312.491 63717.30124 350131.43230.24
20129 532444 875466.721 88119.73294 948309.431 86919.61149 927157.29120.13
20139 573403 512421.511 38514.47254 994266.371 36314.24148 516155.14220.23
20149 645437 755453.871 43014.83226 190234.521 38014.31211 564219.35500.52
20159 701396 091417.661 39614.39213 962220.561 38814.31182 129187.7480.08
20169 778436 875446.791 42414.56206 690211.381 39914.31230 184235.41250.26
20179 829409 126416.241 39114.15208 290211.911 37614.00200 835204.33150.15
20189 864428 495434.401 54315.64209 844212.741 53015.51218 651221.67130.13
20199 901594 747600.691 43414.48205 245207.301 40714.21389 502393.40270.27
20209 941389 192391.501 48614.95176 898177.951 46014.69212 294213.55260.26
20219 883341 569345.611 51715.35181 015183.161 51615.34160 554162.4510.01
20229 872343 095347.541 38914.07160 092162.171 38414.02183 003185.3850.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241680458988180391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849274450626, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2004—2022年河南省法定传染病发病及死亡概况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份
(年)
人口数
(万)
总计乙类传染病丙类传染病
发病例数发病率
(1/10万)
死亡例数死亡率
(1/100万)
发病例数发病率
(1/10万)
死亡例数死亡率
(1/100万)
发病例数发病率
(1/10万)
死亡例数死亡率
(1/100万)
20049 717261 196268.804394.52233 755240.564354.4827 44128.2440.04
20059 380333 703355.7699410.60297 056316.6999310.5936 64639.0710.01
20069 392351 233373.979369.97310 554330.669319.9140 67643.3150.05
20079 360377 755403.582 21723.69332 750355.502 21523.6645 00548.0820.02
20089 429382 420405.582 21623.50320 995340.432 21423.4861 42565.1420.02
20099 487469 251494.632 33324.59307 541324.172 24323.64161 710170.45900.95
20109 405425 104452.001 83719.53274 492291.861 77918.92150 612160.14580.62
20119 461419 994443.921 66017.55295 644312.491 63717.30124 350131.43230.24
20129 532444 875466.721 88119.73294 948309.431 86919.61149 927157.29120.13
20139 573403 512421.511 38514.47254 994266.371 36314.24148 516155.14220.23
20149 645437 755453.871 43014.83226 190234.521 38014.31211 564219.35500.52
20159 701396 091417.661 39614.39213 962220.561 38814.31182 129187.7480.08
20169 778436 875446.791 42414.56206 690211.381 39914.31230 184235.41250.26
20179 829409 126416.241 39114.15208 290211.911 37614.00200 835204.33150.15
20189 864428 495434.401 54315.64209 844212.741 53015.51218 651221.67130.13
20199 901594 747600.691 43414.48205 245207.301 40714.21389 502393.40270.27
20209 941389 192391.501 48614.95176 898177.951 46014.69212 294213.55260.26
20219 883341 569345.611 51715.35181 015183.161 51615.34160 554162.4510.01
20229 872343 095347.541 38914.07160 092162.171 38414.02183 003185.3850.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241680459181118389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849274450626, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The top ten notifiable infectious diseases in terms of morbidity and mortality in Henan Province in 2004 and 2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
顺位2004年2022年
发病死亡发病死亡
1乙型肝炎艾滋病流行性感冒艾滋病
2肺结核狂犬病乙型肝炎肺结核
3细菌性和阿米巴性痢疾肺结核其它感染性腹泻病丙型肝炎
4流行性腮腺炎乙型肝炎肺结核乙型肝炎
5其它感染性腹泻病新生儿破伤风手足口病狂犬病
6甲型肝炎乙脑丙型肝炎出血热
7淋病丙型肝炎梅毒梅毒
8丙型肝炎出血热新型冠状病毒流行性感冒
9肝炎未分型流脑流行性腮腺炎其它感染性腹泻病
10麻疹肝炎未分型布病炭疽
), ArticleFig(id=1241680459306947514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849274450626, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2004与2022年河南省法定传染病发病及死亡前十顺位

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
顺位2004年2022年
发病死亡发病死亡
1乙型肝炎艾滋病流行性感冒艾滋病
2肺结核狂犬病乙型肝炎肺结核
3细菌性和阿米巴性痢疾肺结核其它感染性腹泻病丙型肝炎
4流行性腮腺炎乙型肝炎肺结核乙型肝炎
5其它感染性腹泻病新生儿破伤风手足口病狂犬病
6甲型肝炎乙脑丙型肝炎出血热
7淋病丙型肝炎梅毒梅毒
8丙型肝炎出血热新型冠状病毒流行性感冒
9肝炎未分型流脑流行性腮腺炎其它感染性腹泻病
10麻疹肝炎未分型布病炭疽
), ArticleFig(id=1241680459449553859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522849274450626, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Trend analysis of time change of notifiable infectious diseases by different transmission routes in Henan Province, 2004—2022

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类别趋势变化时段(年)APC(%)(95%CIAAPC(%)(95%CI
总体
发病率2004—20221.76(0.23~3.32)*1.76(0.23~3.32)*
死亡率2004—200764.90(2.74~164.67)*5.80(-2.43~14.73)
2007—2022-4.50(-6.27~-2.68)**
乙类传染病
发病率2004—200711.25(1.14~22.38)*-2.24(-3.99~-0.46)*
2007—2022-5.11(-6.17~-4.04)**
死亡率2004—200764.90(2.74~164.67)*5.80(-2.43~14.73)
2007—2022-4.50(-6.27~-2.68)**
丙类传染病
发病率2004—20229.48(5.28~13.85)**9.48(5.28~13.85)**
死亡率2004—2022-12.45(-17.77~-6.77)**-12.45(-17.77~-6.77)**
肠道传染病
发病率2004—20168.75(3.65~14.09)*3.27(-2.05~8.89)
2016—2022-11.55(-26.59~6.58)
死亡率2004—2022-5.80(-14.88~4.25)-5.80(-14.88~4.25)
呼吸道传染病
发病率2004—20225.49(1.80~9.31)*5.49(1.80~9.31)*
死亡率2004—200917.11(-0.33~37.59)-1.90(-12.08~9.45)
2009—2014-30.12(-46.51~-8.70)*
2014—202212.27(-9.37~39.08)
自然疫源及虫媒传染病
发病率2004—200649.94(-19.09~177.86)-0.20(-12.86~14.30)
2006—2011-22.16(-35.74~-5.71)*
2011—201447.40(-28.14~202.35)
2014—2022-11.80(-18.96~-4.01)*
死亡率2004—200625.63(-16.83~89.76)-8.38(-13.23~-3.27)*
2006—2022-12.42(-15.52~-9.22)**
血源及性传播传染病
发病率2004—200633.12(2.91~72.21)*0.96(-3.58~5.73)
2006—20120.96(-2.47~4.51)
2012—2015-17.10(-33.71~3.67)
2015—20221.74(-4.17~8.03)
死亡率2004—200787.49(-3.86~265.64)9.43(-2.30~22.56)
2007—2022-3.36(-5.01~-1.68)*
乙型肝炎
发病率2004—200723.15(1.51~49.40)*-3.07(-6.59~0.58)
2007—2022-8.28(-10.45~-6.06)**
死亡率2004—2022-2.98(-6.02~0.17)-2.98(-6.02~0.17)
肺结核
发病率2004—2022-3.63(-4.94~-2.29)**-3.63(-4.94~-2.29)**
死亡率2004—20099.50(-7.53~29.67)-8.37(-14.18~-2.17)*
2009—2022-15.50(-21.44~-9.11)**
手足口病
发病率2008—2022-1.03(-6.90~5.22)-1.03(-6.90~5.22)
死亡率2008—2022-8.29(-17.00~1.33)-8.29(-17.00~1.33)
其它感染性腹泻病
发病率2004—201710.63(8.17~13.15)**7.79(5.13~10.51)**
2017—2022-3.71(-13.86~7.64)
死亡率2004—20222.27(-1.44~6.11)2.27(-1.44~6.11)
流行性感冒
发病率2004—201871.11(62.37~80.33)**54.63(48.26~61.27)**
2018—2022-23.91(-29.17~-18.25)**
死亡率2004—2022-7.19(-11.22~-2.97)*-7.19(-11.22~-2.97)*
艾滋病
发病率2004—20223.09(1.18~5.04)*3.09(1.18~5.04)*
死亡率2004—200794.16(-5.88~300.51)10.18(-2.55~24.57)
2007—2022-3.33(-4.99~-1.64)*
狂犬病
发病率2004—2022-7.48(-10.53~-4.32)**-7.48(-10.53~-4.32)**
死亡率2004—20079.97(-0.50~21.55)-9.34(-11.61~-7.02)**
2008—2022-13.30(-15.51~-11.03)**
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2004—2022年河南省不同传播途径法定传染病时间变化趋势分析

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类别趋势变化时段(年)APC(%)(95%CIAAPC(%)(95%CI
总体
发病率2004—20221.76(0.23~3.32)*1.76(0.23~3.32)*
死亡率2004—200764.90(2.74~164.67)*5.80(-2.43~14.73)
2007—2022-4.50(-6.27~-2.68)**
乙类传染病
发病率2004—200711.25(1.14~22.38)*-2.24(-3.99~-0.46)*
2007—2022-5.11(-6.17~-4.04)**
死亡率2004—200764.90(2.74~164.67)*5.80(-2.43~14.73)
2007—2022-4.50(-6.27~-2.68)**
丙类传染病
发病率2004—20229.48(5.28~13.85)**9.48(5.28~13.85)**
死亡率2004—2022-12.45(-17.77~-6.77)**-12.45(-17.77~-6.77)**
肠道传染病
发病率2004—20168.75(3.65~14.09)*3.27(-2.05~8.89)
2016—2022-11.55(-26.59~6.58)
死亡率2004—2022-5.80(-14.88~4.25)-5.80(-14.88~4.25)
呼吸道传染病
发病率2004—20225.49(1.80~9.31)*5.49(1.80~9.31)*
死亡率2004—200917.11(-0.33~37.59)-1.90(-12.08~9.45)
2009—2014-30.12(-46.51~-8.70)*
2014—202212.27(-9.37~39.08)
自然疫源及虫媒传染病
发病率2004—200649.94(-19.09~177.86)-0.20(-12.86~14.30)
2006—2011-22.16(-35.74~-5.71)*
2011—201447.40(-28.14~202.35)
2014—2022-11.80(-18.96~-4.01)*
死亡率2004—200625.63(-16.83~89.76)-8.38(-13.23~-3.27)*
2006—2022-12.42(-15.52~-9.22)**
血源及性传播传染病
发病率2004—200633.12(2.91~72.21)*0.96(-3.58~5.73)
2006—20120.96(-2.47~4.51)
2012—2015-17.10(-33.71~3.67)
2015—20221.74(-4.17~8.03)
死亡率2004—200787.49(-3.86~265.64)9.43(-2.30~22.56)
2007—2022-3.36(-5.01~-1.68)*
乙型肝炎
发病率2004—200723.15(1.51~49.40)*-3.07(-6.59~0.58)
2007—2022-8.28(-10.45~-6.06)**
死亡率2004—2022-2.98(-6.02~0.17)-2.98(-6.02~0.17)
肺结核
发病率2004—2022-3.63(-4.94~-2.29)**-3.63(-4.94~-2.29)**
死亡率2004—20099.50(-7.53~29.67)-8.37(-14.18~-2.17)*
2009—2022-15.50(-21.44~-9.11)**
手足口病
发病率2008—2022-1.03(-6.90~5.22)-1.03(-6.90~5.22)
死亡率2008—2022-8.29(-17.00~1.33)-8.29(-17.00~1.33)
其它感染性腹泻病
发病率2004—201710.63(8.17~13.15)**7.79(5.13~10.51)**
2017—2022-3.71(-13.86~7.64)
死亡率2004—20222.27(-1.44~6.11)2.27(-1.44~6.11)
流行性感冒
发病率2004—201871.11(62.37~80.33)**54.63(48.26~61.27)**
2018—2022-23.91(-29.17~-18.25)**
死亡率2004—2022-7.19(-11.22~-2.97)*-7.19(-11.22~-2.97)*
艾滋病
发病率2004—20223.09(1.18~5.04)*3.09(1.18~5.04)*
死亡率2004—200794.16(-5.88~300.51)10.18(-2.55~24.57)
2007—2022-3.33(-4.99~-1.64)*
狂犬病
发病率2004—2022-7.48(-10.53~-4.32)**-7.48(-10.53~-4.32)**
死亡率2004—20079.97(-0.50~21.55)-9.34(-11.61~-7.02)**
2008—2022-13.30(-15.51~-11.03)**
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2004—2022年河南省法定传染病流行趋势分析
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马萱 1 , 刘习羽 1 , 符云强 1 , 虎蕊 1 , 沈俊如 1 , 孙长青 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024,51(3): 529-535
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现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024, 51(3): 529-535
2004—2022年河南省法定传染病流行趋势分析
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马萱1, 刘习羽1, 符云强1, 虎蕊1, 沈俊如1, 孙长青1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.郑州大学公共卫生学院社会医学与卫生事业管理教研室,河南 郑州 450001
  • 2.郑州大学护理与健康学院社区护理教研室,河南 郑州 450001
  • 马萱(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

通讯作者:

孙长青,E-mail:
Analysis on the epidemic trend of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province from 2004 to 2022
Xuan MA1, Xi-yu LIU1, Yun-qiang FU1, Rui HU1, Jun-ru SHEN1, Chang-qing SUN1, 2
Affiliations
  • Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
出版时间: 2024-02-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311218
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目的

分析2004—2022年河南省法定传染病疫情流行病学特征,为河南省传染病防治工作提供参考。

方法

整理2004—2022年河南省法定传染病年度发病和死亡数据,计算2004—2022年河南省法定传染病报告发病率和死亡率的平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)和年度变化百分比(APC),分析法定传染病疫情的时间变化趋势。

结果

2004—2022年河南省法定传染病总发病率呈上升趋势(AAPC=1.76%,P<0.05);总死亡率上升后从2007年开始下降,APC分别为64.90%、 -4.50%(P均<0.05)。位于发病第一顺位的乙型肝炎发病率先上升后从2007年开始呈下降趋势,APC分别为23.15%、-8.28%(P均<0.05);位于死亡第一顺位的艾滋病死亡率在2007—2020年呈缓慢下降趋势(APC=-3.33%,P<0.05)。通过血源及性传播的传染病年平均发病率及死亡率均高于其他传播途径,发病率在2004—2006年呈上升趋势,死亡率在2007—2022年呈下降趋势,APC分别为33.12%、-3.36%(P均<0.05)。

结论

血源及性传播是河南省法定传染病的主要传播途径,近年来其发病率及死亡率开始下降并保持在相对稳定的水平;对肺结核、手足口病、其他感染性腹泻病及艾滋病等重点疾病应采取有针对性的防控措施。

河南省  /  法定传染病  /  报告发病率  /  报告死亡率  /  趋势分析
Objective

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province from 2004 to 2022, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in Henan Province.

Methods

The annual morbidity and mortality data of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province from 2004 to 2022 were collated, and the average annual change percentage(AAPC) and annual change percentage (APC) of reported incidence and mortality of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province from 2004 to 2022 were calculated. The time change trend of notifiable infectious diseases was analyzed.

Results

The total incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province showed an upward trend from 2004 to 2022 (AAPC=1.76%, P<0.05). After the increase, the total mortality decreased from 2007, and the APC was 64.90% and -4.50%, respectively (P<0.05). The incidence of hepatitis B increased first and then showed a downward trend since 2007, with APC of 23.15% and -8.28%, respectively (P<0.05). The AIDS mortality rate showed a slow downward trend from 2007 to 2020 (APC=-3.33%, P<0.05). The average annual morbidity and mortality of blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases were higher than those of other routes of transmission, with an upward trend from 2004 to 2006 and a downward trend from 2007 to 2022. The APC was 33.12% and -3.36%, respectively (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Blood and sexual transmission are the main transmission routes of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province, and their morbidity and mortality have begun to decrease and remain at a relatively stable level in recent years. Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken for key diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis, hand-foot-mouth disease, other infectious diarrheal diseases, and AIDS.

Henan Province  /  Notifiable infectious diseases  /  Reported morbidity  /  Reported mortality  /  Trend analysis
马萱, 刘习羽, 符云强, 虎蕊, 沈俊如, 孙长青. 2004—2022年河南省法定传染病流行趋势分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (3) : 529 -535 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311218
Xuan MA, Xi-yu LIU, Yun-qiang FU, Rui HU, Jun-ru SHEN, Chang-qing SUN. Analysis on the epidemic trend of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province from 2004 to 2022[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (3) : 529 -535 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311218
传染病是世界各国社会公共卫生和经济稳定的重大负担之一,每年仍造成1 300~1 500万人死亡[1]。我国于2004年推出了基于互联网的传染病报告信息管理系统,并以传染病个案信息进行管理,极大地提高了法定传染病报告的及时性、完整性和监测的敏感性[2-3]。目前,国内学者对于河南省传染病流行趋势的研究主要以一种或几种传染病为主[4-6],对同时涵盖所有法定传染病的研究较少,不易把握防控重点。而且随着经济的快速发展以及生态环境和人们生活方式的改变,旧传染病的死灰复燃和新发传染病的不断涌现给我国传染病防控工作带来新的挑战[7-10]。因此,本研究对2004—2022年河南省法定传染病疫情的流行病学特征进行分析,掌握河南省法定传染病防控重点,进而为河南省传染病防治工作提供参考。
2004—2022年河南省法定传染病疫情数据来自公共卫生科学数据中心(https://www.phsciencedata.cn/Share/)和河南省卫生健康委员会官方网站(http://wsjkw.henan.gov.cn/zfxxgk/yqxx/index.html)。人口数据来自《河南统计年鉴2022》。
采用SPSS 21.0对2004—2022年河南省法定传染病年度发病和死亡数据进行描述性分析。采用Joinpoint 4.9.1对河南省法定传染病年发病率及年死亡率变化趋势进行拟合并计算年度变化百分比(annual percent change,APC)和平均年度变化百分比(average annual percent vhange,AAPC)及其95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)[11-12],检验水准α=0.05。
2004—2022年河南省共报告法定传染病发病7 645 988例,年平均发病率为417.47/10万,其中甲、乙、丙类传染病分别为9(均为霍乱)、4 710 955和2 935 024例,年平均发病率分别为0.000 049/10万、257.22/10万、160.25/10万。共报告死亡28 908例,年平均死亡率为15.78/100万,其中乙、丙类传染病分别为28 519例、389例,年平均死亡率分别为15.57/100万、0.21/100万,无甲类传染病。见表1
2004—2022年河南省报告肠道传染病发病2 352 400例(占30.81%),年平均发病率128.44/10万,死亡310例(占1.07%),年平均死亡率0.17/100万;呼吸道传染病发病2 366 166例(占30.99%),年平均发病率129.19/10万,死亡2 353例(占8.15%),年平均死亡率1.28/100万;自然疫源及虫媒传染病发病79 525例(占1.42%),年平均发病率4.34/10万,死亡1 804例(占6.25%),年平均死亡率0.98/100万;血源及性传播传染病发病2 836 036例(占37.15%),年平均发病率154.85/10万,死亡24 389例(占84.52%),年平均死亡率13.32/100万。见图12
2004—2022年期间河南省法定传染病报告发病数居前十位的病种占报告发病总数的95.42%,分别为乙型肝炎2 006 480例(26.24%)、肺结核1 318 678例(17.25%)、手足口病1 076 328例(14.08%)、其它感染性腹泻病872 942例(11.42%)、流行性感冒646 400例(8.45%)、丙型肝炎453 169例(5.93%)、细菌性和阿米巴性痢疾304 655例(3.98%)、流行性腮腺炎291 431例(3.81%)、梅毒269 215例(3.52%)、麻疹56 627例(0.74%)。
报告死亡数居前十位的病种占报告死亡总数的99.02%,分别为艾滋病23 508例(81.32%)、肺结核2 108例(7.29%)、狂犬病1 500例(5.19%)、乙型肝炎580例(2.01%)、手足口病235例(0.81%)、丙型肝炎233例(0.81%)、乙脑202例(0.70%)、流行性感冒112例(0.39%)、出血热75例(0.26%)、梅毒68例(0.24%)。前十顺位变化情况见表2
2004—2022年期间河南省乙类传染病发病率总体呈下降趋势(AAPC=-2.24%,P<0.05),死亡率在2004—2007年上升(APC=64.9%,P<0.05)后,在2007—2022年下降(APC=-4.5%,P<0.001);丙类传染病发病率呈上升趋势,死亡率呈下降趋势,AAPC分别为9.48%、-12.45%(P均<0.001)。
河南省肠道传染病发病率在2004—2016上升(APC=8.75%,P<0.05)后下降,死亡率无明显变化趋势。呼吸道传染病发病率上升(AAPC=5.49%,P<0.001),死亡率呈三个变化阶段,其中在2009—2014年下降(APC=-30.12%,P<0.05)。自然疫源及虫媒传染病发病率分别在2006—2011年、2014—2022年下降,APC分别为-22.16%、-11.8%(P均<0.05),死亡率在2006—2022年下降(APC=-12.42%,P<0.001)。血源及性传播传染病发病率在2004—2006年上升(APC=33.12%,P<0.05),死亡率在2007年后呈下降趋势(APC=-3.36%,P<0.05)。见表3
乙型肝炎发病率在2004—2007年上升(APC=23.15%,P<0.05),在2007—2022年下降(APC=-8.28%,P<0.001),死亡率无明显变化趋势。肺结核发病率缓慢下降(AAPC=-3.63%,P<0.001),死亡率在2009—2022年下降(APC=-15.5%,P<0.001)。手足口病发病率及死亡率无明显变化趋势。其它感染性腹泻病发病率在2004—2017年上升(APC=10.63%,P<0.001)后下降,死亡率呈不规则变化。流行性感冒发病率以2018年为节点先上升后下降,APC值分别为=71.11%、-23.91%(P均<0.001),死亡率缓慢下降(AAPC=-7.19%,P<0.05)。艾滋病发病率总体上升(AAPC=3.09%,P<0.05),死亡率在2007—2022年下降(APC=-3.33%,P<0.05)。狂犬病发病率总体下降(AAPC=-7.48%,P<0.001),死亡率在2007—2022年下降(APC=-13.3%,P<0.001)。见表3
2004—2022年期间,河南省法定传染病报告年平均发病率及丙类传染病年平均发病率和年平均死亡率均低于全国平均水平,法定传染病年平均死亡率及乙类传染病年平均发病率和年平均死亡率均高于全国年平均水平[13-14]。近年来河南省乙类、丙类法定传染病报告死亡率均呈下降趋势,可能是政府采取的一系列防控措施在一定程度上预防或遏制了传染病的传播与流行,例如实施疫苗接种工作、改善血液采集的安全性、开展病媒生物防制以及通过加强筛查进行早期监测和预警等[15]
就传播途径而言,血源及性传播是河南省法定传染病的主要传播途径,同时也是近些年我国主要流行的一类法定传染病[14,16]。血源及性传播传染病发病率前期呈上升趋势的原因可能为:(1)血制品的滥用[17];(2)相关疾病监测的加强及报告方式灵敏化[418];(3)由于性病涉及个人隐私,存在部分患者用不同的姓名、地址登记重复就诊的现象[19]。但在政府采取一系列干预措施后,近年来死亡率开始下降并保持在相对稳定的水平。肠道传染病发病率在2004—2016年呈上升趋势可能是由于2008年手足口病纳入丙类传染病管理后导致肠道传染病发病例数增加。河南省流感近年经常出现明显的双峰流行(秋季和冬春季)[5],而呼吸道传染病发病率呈上升趋势,应尽早接种年度流感疫苗以发挥其在秋季的保护作用[20],并根据流感监测结果及时调整防控措施。自然疫源及虫媒传染病的发病及死亡均处于较低水平与河南省一直以来开展的病媒生物预防控制工作密不可分,2008年河南省进一步推行了扩大国家免疫规划实施方案,有效遏制了自然疫源及虫媒传染病的传播。应切实落实分类指导及病媒生物可持续精准控制等策略[21],进一步降低其发病率和死亡率。
河南省传染病的防控重点应是肺结核、手足口病、其他感染性腹泻病及艾滋病等疾病。我国政府历来高度重视结核病防治工作,相继实施了3个全国结核病防治十年规划,特别是从2001年开始,全面推行了现代结核病控制策略。河南省通过认真落实国家结核病防治规划,结核病防治工作取得显著成效。但是,肺结核位于2022年河南省法定传染病发病顺位的第四位,结核病防治工作仍然任重而道远。2009—2019年期间河南省每年报告的手足口病病例均超过5万例,卫生健康部门和教育部门要未雨绸缪,针对手足口病的流行特点实施如加强健康教育、积极推进EV71疫苗接种、严格落实托幼机构晨午检等综合性预防措施。其它感染性腹泻病防控形势依旧严峻,应加强疾病监测工作,改善居民居住环境卫生,积极开展健康宣教,促使居民养成良好的饮食及卫生习惯。2004—2022年期间艾滋病报告死亡数占河南省法定传染病总死亡数的80.64%,随着河南省免费抗病毒治疗策略的逐步推行,艾滋病患者的生存率得到了显著提高[22]。艾滋病死亡率的缓慢下降也证明了该策略的有效性。应加强艾滋病监测工作,尽早将符合条件的艾滋病患者纳入免费抗病毒治疗,以提高其生存率、降低死亡率。河南省于2004年开始通过网络报告乙型肝炎,提高了报告及时性的同时也存在重复报告的问题[23],可能导致了乙型肝炎发病率短期上升;随着河南省扩大国家免疫规划实施方案的推行,河南省乙肝疫苗接种率不断提高,2015年全省乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率已达到90%[24],使得发病率出现明显下降后保持较低水平。河南省流行性感冒发病率在2020年的急剧下降,可能是受到新型冠状病毒疫情期间实施的非药物干预措施的影响[25],其作用可能是通过直接阻断呼吸道病原体的传播途径。狂犬病发病率大幅下降,防控取得了较好的效果。但该病的病死率较高,仍需加强犬类管理及人暴露后的疫苗接种,努力实现我国“2030年全面消除人间狂犬病”计划。
本研究基于一个较长的时间跨度探究了河南省法定传染病随时间的变化趋势,弥补了河南省传染病研究的不足,明晰了河南省未来的传染病防控重点。未来河南省应重点关注肺结核、手足口病、其他感染性腹泻病及艾滋病等疾病,采取有针对性的防控措施。
  • 国家社会科学基金项目(20BRK041)
  • 河南省科技攻关项目(LHGJ20200681)
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2024年第51卷第3期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311218
  • 接收时间:2023-11-12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-12
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国家社会科学基金项目(20BRK041)
河南省科技攻关项目(LHGJ20200681)
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    1.郑州大学公共卫生学院社会医学与卫生事业管理教研室,河南 郑州 450001
    2.郑州大学护理与健康学院社区护理教研室,河南 郑州 450001

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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