Article(id=1241522848435589798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309115, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1694188800000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773931713445, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1707494400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773931713445, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773931713445, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931713445, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241522846384583426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='3', pageStart='385', pageEnd='576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773931712956, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931842201, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241523388544504301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241523388544504302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=495, endPage=499, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241522849295422148, articleId=1241522848435589798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Cross-lagged analysis of fall fear, anxiety, and depression in elderly patients with hip fracture, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the causal relationship of postoperative fall fear, anxiety, and depression in elderly patients with hip fracture, and to provide reference basis for preventing fall fear and formulating individualized and phased intervention measures in elderly patients with hip fracture.

Methods

A total of 367 elderly patients with hip fracture hospitalized in the Department of Orthopedics of a tertiary hospital in Zhengzhou from January to July 2023 were selected by cluster sampling. The patients were investigated with the use of Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ- 9) at the first time of getting out of bed after operation (T0), 3 months after operation (T1), and 6 months after operation (T2). Mplus 8.3 was used for cross-lagged analysis to explore the causal relationship and action direction among fall fear, anxiety, and depression.

Results

(1) Postoperative fall fear, anxiety, and depression in elderly patients with hip fracture decreased. Fall fear was positively correlated with anxiety and depression, and anxiety and depression were also positively correlated. (2) T0 fall fear positively predicted T1 anxiety, and T1 fall fear significantly predicted T2 anxiety (β1=0.113, P<0.01; β2=0.278, P<0.01). (3) T0 fall fear significantly positively predicted T1 depression, and T1 fall fear significantly predicted T2 depression (β3=-0.133, P<0.05; β4=-0.124, P<0.05). (4) T0 anxiety significantly positively predicted T1 depression, and T1 anxiety significantly positively predicted T2 depression (β5=-0.119, P<0.05; β6=-0.136, P<0.05).

Conclusion

There is a causal relationship between postoperative fall fear, anxiety, and depression in elderly patients with hip fracture. Prevention of depression can start with their fall fear by actively helping elderly patients with hip fracture reduce fall fear, which is beneficial to their physical and mental health after operation.

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目的

探讨老年髋部骨折患者术后跌倒恐惧、焦虑、抑郁的因果关系,为预防老年髋部骨折患者跌倒恐惧,以及制定个体化、阶段化的干预措施提供参考依据。

方法

采用整群抽样法选择2023年1—7月在郑州市某三级甲等医院骨科住院的367例老年髋部骨折患者为研究对象。分别在患者术后第一次下床活动时(T0)、术后3个月(T1)、术后6个月(T2)使用国际跌倒效能感量表(FES-I)、广泛性焦虑自评量表(GAD-7)、患者健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)对其进行调查,使用Mplus 8.3进行交叉滞后分析,以探索跌倒恐惧、焦虑和抑郁间的因果时序关系及作用方向。

结果

(1)老年髋部骨折患者术后跌倒恐惧、焦虑、抑郁呈下降趋势,跌倒恐惧和焦虑以及抑郁均呈正相关,焦虑和抑郁也呈正相关;(2)T0跌倒恐惧显著正向预测T1焦虑,T1跌倒恐惧显著预测T2焦虑(β1=0.113,P<0.01;β2=0.278,P<0.01);(3)T0跌倒恐惧显著正向预测T1抑郁,T1跌倒恐惧显著预测T2抑郁(β3=0.133,P<0.05;β4=0.124,P<0.05);(4)T0焦虑显著正向预测T1抑郁,T1焦虑显著正向预测T2抑郁(β5=0.119,P<0.05;β6=0.136,P<0.05)。

结论

老年髋部骨折患者术后跌倒恐惧和焦虑、抑郁间存在因果关系,预防患者的抑郁可从其跌倒恐惧入手,积极帮助老年髋部骨折患者减轻跌倒恐惧程度利于其术后的身心健康。

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孙长青,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Y17hh89reX+qvjvbgQ88RA==, magXml=RT7PamajmGNLeLG6EiMfiw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=KBZPCJDyvhC2tLGrBKuIeQ==, pdfFileSize=689638, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=pf0cj7utm68k08JNtm50ew==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=1QlE+Ztv72l51zLWDeiZIg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王昱(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生护理

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王昱(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生护理

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王昱(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生护理

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注:图中数据为标准化值;虚线表示相关但无统计学意义;aP<0.05;bP<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=CkUauOq18QxyRoMurfzgNg==, figureFileBig=Xc9xlxt9U9j+vIPeFqaeAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680451891425878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522848435589798, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of research subjects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分组例数/平均分百分比/标准差
性别16745.5
20054.5
年龄(岁)60~6920455.6
70~7914439.2
≥80195.2
受教育程度小学及以下24374.9
初中7616.9
高中/中专376.5
大专及以上111.5
户口类型非农业户口11731.9
农业户口25068.1
婚姻状况未婚00
已婚31184.7
离异101.9
丧偶6313.4
家庭人均月收入(元)<1 0006417.5
1 000~3 00022461.0
>3 0007921.5
医疗支付方式城镇职工医保14339.0
城乡居民医保21859.4
其他61.6
骨折类型股骨颈骨折32287.7
股骨转子间骨折369.8
股骨转子下骨折92.5
骨折原因跌倒27073.6
交通事故4512.3
其他5214.2
合并症数量15843.1
20956.9
跌倒史14238.7
22561.3
主要照顾者类型配偶10929.7
子女24767.3
其他113.0
术后第一次下床时间(d)3.491.30
焦虑F=1 072.91P<0.001
T05.201.57
T12.740.93
T22.230.92
抑郁F=1 401.72P<0.001
T05.501.52
T12.790.91
T22.390.88
跌倒恐惧F=1 977.24P<0.001
T050.094.81
T142.815.76
T241.445.93
), ArticleFig(id=1241680453380403803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522848435589798, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象基本情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分组例数/平均分百分比/标准差
性别16745.5
20054.5
年龄(岁)60~6920455.6
70~7914439.2
≥80195.2
受教育程度小学及以下24374.9
初中7616.9
高中/中专376.5
大专及以上111.5
户口类型非农业户口11731.9
农业户口25068.1
婚姻状况未婚00
已婚31184.7
离异101.9
丧偶6313.4
家庭人均月收入(元)<1 0006417.5
1 000~3 00022461.0
>3 0007921.5
医疗支付方式城镇职工医保14339.0
城乡居民医保21859.4
其他61.6
骨折类型股骨颈骨折32287.7
股骨转子间骨折369.8
股骨转子下骨折92.5
骨折原因跌倒27073.6
交通事故4512.3
其他5214.2
合并症数量15843.1
20956.9
跌倒史14238.7
22561.3
主要照顾者类型配偶10929.7
子女24767.3
其他113.0
术后第一次下床时间(d)3.491.30
焦虑F=1 072.91P<0.001
T05.201.57
T12.740.93
T22.230.92
抑郁F=1 401.72P<0.001
T05.501.52
T12.790.91
T22.390.88
跌倒恐惧F=1 977.24P<0.001
T050.094.81
T142.815.76
T241.445.93
), ArticleFig(id=1241680453506232930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522848435589798, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation analysis of postoperative FES-I, GAD-8, and PHQ-9 scores in elderly hip fracture patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量T1 FES-IT2 FES-IT1 GAD-7T2 GAD-7T1 PHQ-9T2 PHQ-9T0 FES-I T0 GAD-7
T2 FES-I0.953
T1 GAD-70.4550.436
T2 GAD-70.5560.5470.719
T1 PHQ-90.3710.3510.5840.504
T2 PHQ-90.2950.3130.3700.4100.718
T0 FES-I0.9510.8820.4380.5470.3370.241
T0 GAD-70.4030.3710.8720.6670.6030.3860.395
T0 PHQ-90.4270.4010.5770.4770.8610.6280.4150.648
), ArticleFig(id=1241680453636256364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522848435589798, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

老年髋部骨折患者术后FES-I、GAD-7、PHQ-9得分的相关性分析(r)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量T1 FES-IT2 FES-IT1 GAD-7T2 GAD-7T1 PHQ-9T2 PHQ-9T0 FES-I T0 GAD-7
T2 FES-I0.953
T1 GAD-70.4550.436
T2 GAD-70.5560.5470.719
T1 PHQ-90.3710.3510.5840.504
T2 PHQ-90.2950.3130.3700.4100.718
T0 FES-I0.9510.8820.4380.5470.3370.241
T0 GAD-70.4030.3710.8720.6670.6030.3860.395
T0 PHQ-90.4270.4010.5770.4770.8610.6280.4150.648
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老年髋部骨折患者跌倒恐惧、焦虑和抑郁的交叉滞后分析
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王昱 1 , 程馨慧 3 , 王盼盼 1 , 王荣荣 1 , 吴田田 1 , 张配嘉 1 , 要子慧 1 , 胡博 1 , 孙长青 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(3): 495-499
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(3): 495-499
老年髋部骨折患者跌倒恐惧、焦虑和抑郁的交叉滞后分析
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王昱1, 程馨慧3, 王盼盼1, 王荣荣1, 吴田田1, 张配嘉1, 要子慧1, 胡博1, 孙长青1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.郑州大学护理与健康学院社区护理教研室,河南 郑州 450001
  • 2.郑州大学公共卫生学院社会医学与卫生事业管理教研室,河南 郑州 450001
  • 3.郑州大学政治与公共管理学院
  • 王昱(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生护理

通讯作者:

孙长青,E-mail:
Cross-lagged analysis of fall fear, anxiety, and depression in elderly patients with hip fracture
Yu WANG1, Xin-hui CHENG3, Pan-pan WANG1, Rong-rong WANG1, Tian-tian WU1, Pei-jia ZHANG1, Zi-hui YAO1, Bo HU1, Chang-qing SUN1, 2
Affiliations
  • Community Nursing Teaching and Research Department, School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou,Henan 450001, China
出版时间: 2024-02-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309115
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目的

探讨老年髋部骨折患者术后跌倒恐惧、焦虑、抑郁的因果关系,为预防老年髋部骨折患者跌倒恐惧,以及制定个体化、阶段化的干预措施提供参考依据。

方法

采用整群抽样法选择2023年1—7月在郑州市某三级甲等医院骨科住院的367例老年髋部骨折患者为研究对象。分别在患者术后第一次下床活动时(T0)、术后3个月(T1)、术后6个月(T2)使用国际跌倒效能感量表(FES-I)、广泛性焦虑自评量表(GAD-7)、患者健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)对其进行调查,使用Mplus 8.3进行交叉滞后分析,以探索跌倒恐惧、焦虑和抑郁间的因果时序关系及作用方向。

结果

(1)老年髋部骨折患者术后跌倒恐惧、焦虑、抑郁呈下降趋势,跌倒恐惧和焦虑以及抑郁均呈正相关,焦虑和抑郁也呈正相关;(2)T0跌倒恐惧显著正向预测T1焦虑,T1跌倒恐惧显著预测T2焦虑(β1=0.113,P<0.01;β2=0.278,P<0.01);(3)T0跌倒恐惧显著正向预测T1抑郁,T1跌倒恐惧显著预测T2抑郁(β3=0.133,P<0.05;β4=0.124,P<0.05);(4)T0焦虑显著正向预测T1抑郁,T1焦虑显著正向预测T2抑郁(β5=0.119,P<0.05;β6=0.136,P<0.05)。

结论

老年髋部骨折患者术后跌倒恐惧和焦虑、抑郁间存在因果关系,预防患者的抑郁可从其跌倒恐惧入手,积极帮助老年髋部骨折患者减轻跌倒恐惧程度利于其术后的身心健康。

髋部骨折  /  跌倒恐惧  /  焦虑  /  抑郁  /  交叉滞后分析
Objective

To explore the causal relationship of postoperative fall fear, anxiety, and depression in elderly patients with hip fracture, and to provide reference basis for preventing fall fear and formulating individualized and phased intervention measures in elderly patients with hip fracture.

Methods

A total of 367 elderly patients with hip fracture hospitalized in the Department of Orthopedics of a tertiary hospital in Zhengzhou from January to July 2023 were selected by cluster sampling. The patients were investigated with the use of Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ- 9) at the first time of getting out of bed after operation (T0), 3 months after operation (T1), and 6 months after operation (T2). Mplus 8.3 was used for cross-lagged analysis to explore the causal relationship and action direction among fall fear, anxiety, and depression.

Results

(1) Postoperative fall fear, anxiety, and depression in elderly patients with hip fracture decreased. Fall fear was positively correlated with anxiety and depression, and anxiety and depression were also positively correlated. (2) T0 fall fear positively predicted T1 anxiety, and T1 fall fear significantly predicted T2 anxiety (β1=0.113, P<0.01; β2=0.278, P<0.01). (3) T0 fall fear significantly positively predicted T1 depression, and T1 fall fear significantly predicted T2 depression (β3=-0.133, P<0.05; β4=-0.124, P<0.05). (4) T0 anxiety significantly positively predicted T1 depression, and T1 anxiety significantly positively predicted T2 depression (β5=-0.119, P<0.05; β6=-0.136, P<0.05).

Conclusion

There is a causal relationship between postoperative fall fear, anxiety, and depression in elderly patients with hip fracture. Prevention of depression can start with their fall fear by actively helping elderly patients with hip fracture reduce fall fear, which is beneficial to their physical and mental health after operation.

Hip fracture  /  Fall fear  /  Anxiety  /  Depression  /  Cross-lagged analysis
王昱, 程馨慧, 王盼盼, 王荣荣, 吴田田, 张配嘉, 要子慧, 胡博, 孙长青. 老年髋部骨折患者跌倒恐惧、焦虑和抑郁的交叉滞后分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (3) : 495 -499 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309115
Yu WANG, Xin-hui CHENG, Pan-pan WANG, Rong-rong WANG, Tian-tian WU, Pei-jia ZHANG, Zi-hui YAO, Bo HU, Chang-qing SUN. Cross-lagged analysis of fall fear, anxiety, and depression in elderly patients with hip fracture[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (3) : 495 -499 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309115
髋部骨折(hip fracture)常发生于老年人,包括股骨颈骨折、股骨转子间及股骨转子下骨折[1]。髋部骨折后可使患者的生理功能遭受严重损害,导致患者再入院甚至死亡等不良结局[2]。老年髋部骨折患者常表现出跌倒恐惧(fear of falling,FOF)[3-4],目前关于跌倒恐惧的定义国际上尚未达成共识,常被定义为一种低的自我效能,指个体因过度关注跌倒而减少活动或导致活动时维持自身平衡不发生跌倒的信心的下降。跌倒效能量表是评估跌倒恐惧程度最常用的评估工具[5]。据报道,约49%~88.2%的老年髋部骨折患者存在跌倒恐惧心理[6-8],跌倒恐惧不仅会使患者活动受限,还会增加患者跌倒的风险,促使患者产生消极情绪,严重者还会形成恶性循环,不利于患者的预后。除跌倒恐惧外,焦虑与抑郁也已成为老年髋部骨折患者最常见的心理困扰,严重影响患者的康复依从性,不利于患者的预后。既往研究证实,跌倒恐惧与焦虑、抑郁存在相关性[9-10]。然而,现有研究多为横断面研究,主要探索焦虑、抑郁是否为跌倒恐惧的影响因素,无法明确相关变量间的作用方向;此外,关于跌倒恐惧和焦虑、抑郁间的因果关系尚需进一步探讨。因此,本研究旨在探讨老年髋部骨折患者跌倒恐惧和焦虑、抑郁间的相互预测关系,为进一步制定阶段性、个体化的干预措施提供科学参考。
2023年1—7月采用整群抽样法于郑州市某三级甲等医院骨科病区根据纳入和排除标准选取患者,最终纳入367例老年髋部骨折患者为研究对象。在患者术后第一次下床时进行基线调查,在术后3个月及术后6个月复查时进行面对面随访。根据既往研究结果[11],中国老年髋部骨折患者术后跌倒恐惧的发生率约为65%,根据样本量计算公式N=U2α/2π(1-π)/δ2,设α=0.05,容许误差δ为0.1π,估计所需要的样本量约为207例,考虑20%的失访率,至少需纳入研究对象260人。纳入标准:(1)年龄≥60周岁;(2)经X线或CT放射检查,诊断为股骨颈骨折或股骨转子间及股骨转子下骨折;(3)首次骨折且行手术治疗者,手术名称符合:人工股骨头置换术、人工全髋关节置换术或闭合/切开复位内固定术;(4)意识清楚,无认知及听力障碍,能正常交流沟通;(5)知情同意且自愿参加本研究。排除标准:(1)病理性骨折或多发性骨折患者;(2)合并严重心、肝、肾、肺、内分泌、血液疾病及恶性肿瘤者;(3)骨折前已丧失行走能力者。研究已获郑州大学伦理委员会批准(ZZUIRB2023-74)及所有研究对象的知情同意。
由研究者自行设计,包括患者的年龄、性别、学历、婚姻状态、家庭人均月收入、跌倒史、骨折类型、术后第一次下床活动时间等。
该量表由Yardley等[12]于2005年编制而成,共16个条目,包括10个室内活动和6个室外活动2个维度。采用Likert 4级评分法,1(一点信心也没有)~4(非常有信心),量表总分16~64分,得分越高,表明受试者跌倒恐惧程度越高。该量表广泛应用于国外,范围涉及到医院、社区、康复机构及养老机构等,但在国内应用较少。2015年郭启云等[13]经原作者授权对其翻译汉化,并应用于中国社区老年人中。该量表在本研究中的Cronbachα系数为0.874,具有较好的信效度。
该量表由学者Spitzer等[14]1999年根据美国精神障碍诊断统计手册第4版(DMS-IV)编制而成的患者健康状况问卷PHQ的一个分量表,用于筛查广泛性焦虑及评估其症状严重度。该量表由7个项目组成,每个条目分值为0~3分,总分值范围0~21分,得分越高,焦虑症状越重。0~4分,无焦虑;5~9分,轻度焦虑;10~15分,中度焦虑;16~21分,重度焦虑。该量表在本研究中的Cronbachα系数为0.788。
该量表由学者Spitzer等[15]于1999年根据美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-IV)编制而成的患者健康状况问卷PHQ的一个分量表,用于筛查抑郁症状及评估其症状严重度。共包含9个条目,每个条目按0、1、2、3分进行4级评分,总分值范围0~27分,得分越高抑郁症状越重。得分低于5分表示无抑郁;得分范围在5~9分为轻度抑郁;得分10~14分说明中度抑郁;得分15~19分为中重度抑郁;超过19分表示重度抑郁。该量表在本研究中的Cronbach α系数为0.743。
对各时期的调查结果进行主成分因素分析,结果表明,T0中第一因子解释率为32.3%,T1中第一因子解释率为34.2%,T2中第一因子解释率为35.4%,均<40%,说明本研究不存在共同方法偏差。
采用SPSS 21.0进行统计分析。采用Pearson相关性分析探讨跌倒恐惧、焦虑及抑郁间的相关性。利用Mplus 8.3建立交叉滞后回归分析模型,常采用χ2/v,Tucker-Lewis指数(Tucker-Lewis index,TLI),比较拟合指数(the comparative fit index,CFI),近似误差均方根(root mean square error of approximation,RMSEA)评价模型拟合情况。当CFI≥0.90、TIL≥0.90且RMESA<0.05时表示模型拟合良好。
本研究在T1时期失访19人,在T2时期失访30人,多因失去联系、配合度较差及病情恶化等原因退出,失访率为11.78%。本研究最终纳入367名研究对象,其中男性167名(45.50%),女性200名(54.50%),平均年龄(69.99±6.30)岁。结果显示,老年髋部骨折患者的跌倒恐惧、焦虑及抑郁程度整体上呈下降趋势;重复测量方差分析显示,跌倒恐惧、焦虑及抑郁在三轮调查中均存在差异(P<0.05)。见表1
老年髋部骨折患者术后跌倒恐惧与抑郁及焦虑均呈正相关,焦虑与恐惧也呈正相关(均P<0.05),变量间具有同步相关;各变量前后3次测量的结果也具有相关性(均P<0.05),具有变量间稳定性相关。即具有变量间的同步相关和稳定性相关,满足交叉滞后分析条件。见表2
老年髋部骨折患者跌倒恐惧和焦虑、抑郁模型拟合结果良好,符合交叉滞后回归分析建模要求(χ2/v=1.63,RMSEA=0.038,CFI=0.987,TLI=0.951,SRMR=0.008)。T0跌倒恐惧和T0焦虑及T0抑郁间的相关系数分别为0.395、0.415,T0焦虑和T0抑郁间的相关系数为0.648,T1跌倒恐惧和T1焦虑及T1抑郁间的相关系数分别为0.108、0.133,T1焦虑和T1抑郁间的相关系数为0.216,T2跌倒恐惧和T2焦虑及T2抑郁间的相关系数分别为0.082、0.156,T2焦虑和T2抑郁间的相关系数为0.152。相关系数均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在交叉方向,T0跌倒恐惧与T1焦虑回归系数有统计学意义(β1=0.113,P<0.01),提示T0跌倒恐惧可以预测T1焦虑;T1跌倒恐惧与T2焦虑回归系数有统计学意义(β2=0.278,P<0.01),提示T1跌倒恐惧也可以预测T2焦虑;此外,T0跌倒恐惧与T1抑郁回归系数有统计学意义(β3=0.133,P<0.05),提示T0跌倒恐惧可以预测T1抑郁;T1跌倒恐惧与T2抑郁回归系数有统计学意义(β4=0.124,P<0.05),提示T1跌倒恐惧也可以预测T2抑郁;T0焦虑与T1抑郁,T1焦虑和T2抑郁间的回归系数同样具有统计学意义(β5=0.119,P<0.05;β6=0.136,P<0.05),提示不同时期的焦虑能预测下个时期的抑郁。见图1
本研究发现,老年髋部骨折患者术后跌倒恐惧、焦虑及抑郁程度的下降均具有统计学意义。重复测量方差分析结果显示,随着时间的延长,老年髋部骨折患者跌倒恐惧、焦虑、抑郁程度逐渐下降。与既往研究结果相似,分析其原因可能与术后患者髋关节功能逐渐恢复有关,随着患者髋关节功能的恢复,其平衡和步行能力渐渐提升,跌倒风险也随之下降,患者对跌倒的恐惧及焦虑、抑郁程度随着躯体功能的增强而逐步下降[16-17];此外,家人与好友的理解与支持也会改善老年髋部骨折患者的情绪压力,良好的社会支持可以帮助患者提升自信心和自我效能感,减少患者的社交孤立,进而减轻患者的不良心理,促进患者的康复[18-19]
本研究结果显示,跌倒恐惧和焦虑、抑郁均呈正相关,与既往研究结果一致,跌倒恐惧可使患者产生恐惧跌倒相关性活动限制,导致其独处和久坐行为增多,社会参与减少,且在活动中积极情绪也无法增强,大大削弱了其社会参与性,从而与社会脱节,进而产生焦虑、抑郁心理[20-21]。焦虑在高水平跌倒恐惧的人群中较为常见,当患者的焦虑程度较高时,其对跌倒的过度恐惧将会产生消极影响,促使患者发生跌倒的可能性大幅增加,甚至形成负性循环,不利于患者预后[22]。跌倒恐惧和老年髋部骨折患者的抑郁呈双向关联,和现有研究结论一致[23]。跌倒恐惧管理模型指出,老年人产生跌倒恐惧后,会通过发展身心症状等策略管理跌倒恐惧,当其对所使用策略满意时,跌倒恐惧程度改善,身心症状也随之改善[24]。这提示医护人员应重点关注老年髋部骨折患者的心理状态,从而改善其健康结局。
交叉滞后分析结果显示,前一个时期的跌倒恐惧能预测下一时期的焦虑和抑郁。Yao等[25]的研究结果表明跌倒恐惧能预测焦虑,与本研究结果一致。长期跌倒恐惧致使老年髋部骨折患者身体活动水平大幅下降,家庭和社会参与大幅减少,形成社交孤立状态,从而促使患者产生焦虑、抑郁心理[20-21]。此外,焦虑也能预测患者的抑郁,跌倒恐惧程度的降低可通过减少患者的焦虑,提升患者的希望水平和自我效能进而改善患者的抑郁状态。同时,抑郁也可预测未来的跌倒,跌倒恐惧在跌倒和抑郁间呈中介作用,多数跌倒恐惧患者会形成跌倒恐惧-抑郁-跌倒-跌倒恐惧恶性循环,严重影响患者的预后[22]。因此,医护人员可通过改善老年髋部骨折患者的跌倒恐惧进而改善患者的焦虑、抑郁等不良心理,有利于提升患者的社会参与水平,进而改善患者的髋关节功能,降低其未来发生跌倒的风险,提升其生活质量。
本研究通过交叉滞后分析,揭示了老年髋部骨折患者术后跌倒恐惧、焦虑及抑郁三个时间点的预测关系,提示医护人员应加强对老年髋部骨折患者术后跌倒恐惧、焦虑及抑郁的筛查与关注,采取个体化、阶段性的干预措施,帮助其减轻跌倒恐惧程度,进而缓解其焦虑抑郁情况。本研究仅在郑州市一所医院开展,样本代表性有限,且由于研究期间住院的股骨转子间骨折和股骨转子下骨折患者较少,考虑到样本数过少时构建的模型将存在较大不稳定性以及不同患者骨折程度的诊断较为困难,且临床上尚未有具体的骨折程度诊断标准。此外,由于患者的体质差异,其康复情况也存在不同程度差异。因此尚未根据髋部骨折患者不同骨折类型、骨折程度以及康复状况进行分类构建,未来研究开展多中心大样本调查,采用更长时间的纵向设计,进一步探讨不同髋部骨折类型患者以及不同骨折程度、康复状况的患者其跌倒恐惧和焦虑、抑郁的关系,构建较为个性化的交叉滞后模型。
  • 国家社会科学基金项目(20BRK041)
  • 河南省教育科学规划一般项目(2022YB0008)
  • 河南省科技攻关项目(212102310767; 232102311023)
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2024年第51卷第3期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309115
  • 接收时间:2023-09-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-09
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(20BRK041)
河南省教育科学规划一般项目(2022YB0008)
河南省科技攻关项目(212102310767; 232102311023)
作者信息
    1.郑州大学护理与健康学院社区护理教研室,河南 郑州 450001
    2.郑州大学公共卫生学院社会医学与卫生事业管理教研室,河南 郑州 450001
    3.郑州大学政治与公共管理学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Number of
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Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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