Article(id=1241522847663837852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311139, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1699545600000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773931713262, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1707494400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773931713262, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773931713262, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931713262, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241522846384583426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='3', pageStart='385', pageEnd='576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773931712956, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931842201, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241523388544504301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241523388544504302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522846384583426, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=489, endPage=494, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241522847995187870, articleId=1241522847663837852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Network structure of depressive symptoms in young men who have sex with men in central China—a cross-lagged network analysis, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the causal relationship among depressive symptoms in young men who have sex with men young (YMSM) in central China.

Methods

A total of 349 eligible YMSM who were recruited in Wuhan, Changsha, and Nanchang in 2017 and completed three rounds of follow-up in 2018 and 2019 were selected as research subjects. The depressive symptoms of the subjects were measured by the center for epidemiological survey-depression scale (CES-D), and the longitudinal network structure of depression was analyzed by cross-lag network.

Results

During the period from baseline to the first round of follow-up, the statistical value of output centrality of loneliness was 3.541, which had the highest impact on other symptoms, followed by dislike for themselves (1.196). The central statistical value of unhappy input was 2.175, followed by boredom (1.124) and bitterness (1.093), indicating that these symptoms were most easily predicted by other symptoms. During the first round of follow-up to the second round of follow-up, unfriendliness (2.440) was the symptom with the highest impact on output expectations, followed by inability to perform daily work (1.708) and dislike for themselves (1.119). Fear (2.437), arduous work (1.374), and hopelessness (1.278) were the most easily predicted by other symptoms. In the YMSM depressive symptom network, loneliness (3.541), unfriendliness (2.440), and dislike for themselves (1.196) constituted a small symptom group, which occupied the core position of the network.

Conclusion

Interpersonal relationship plays an important role in the network structure of depressive symptoms in YMSM population. Future interventions should fully consider this and reduce YMSM depression by promoting social interaction and social integration of YMSM groups.

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目的

探索华中地区年轻男男性行为者(young men who have sex with men,YMSM)不同时间抑郁症状网络中各症状的因果关联。

方法

以2017年在武汉、长沙、南昌招募并在2018和2019年完成三轮随访的349名符合条件的YMSM作为研究对象,使用流调中心抑郁量表测量研究对象的抑郁症状,使用交叉滞后网络分析研究抑郁的纵向网络结构。

结果

在基线到第一轮随访时期,孤独感的输出中心性统计值为3.541,是对其他症状影响最高的症状,其次是人们不喜欢自己的1.196。而不高兴的输入中心性统计值为2.175、其次是生活无趣、苦闷,分别为1.124和1.093,说明这几个症状最容易被其他症状预测;第一轮随访到第二轮随访时期,人们不友好为2.440,是输出预期影响最高的症状;其次是无法进行日常工作和人们不喜欢自己,分别为1.708、1.119;而害怕、做事费力、前途无望,分别为2.437、1.374、1.278,最容易被其他症状预测。YMSM抑郁症状网络中,孤独感、人们不友好、人们不喜欢自己,统计值分别为3.541、2.440、1.196,三个症状组成了一个小症状群,占据网络核心地位。

结论

在YMSM人群的抑郁症状网络结构中,人际关系问题发挥了重要的作用,未来的干预应充分考虑这一现象,通过促进YMSM群体的社交以及对社会的融入,减少YMSM的抑郁。

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燕虹,E-mail:
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刘昕(1996—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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刘昕(1996—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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刘昕(1996—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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Journal of Affective Disorders, 2022, 310: 32-42., articleTitle=Six-year changes of posttraumatic stress symptoms and depressive symptoms among Chinese earthquake survivors: A network analysis, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241680464117813372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522847663837852, awardId=81673196, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(81673196), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241680454542217884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522847663837852, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241680454554800798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522847663837852, companyId=1241680454542217884, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241680454563189408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522847663837852, companyId=1241680454542217884, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.武汉大学公共卫生学院,湖北 武汉 430072)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241680454705795756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522847663837852, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241680454714184365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522847663837852, companyId=1241680454705795756, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.武汉城市学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241680462549143599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522847663837852, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Cross-lagged network analysis of YMSM depressive symptoms in T1→T2 and T2→T3 periods, figureFileSmall=P3h4/pKVBIPOqdsFLrMxTQ==, figureFileBig=o2UV/vBL8z6qaZf7T6a4XA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680462649806899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522847663837852, language=CN, label=图1, caption=T1—T2、T2—T3时期的YMSM抑郁症状的交叉滞后网络分析

注:绿色箭头代表正向预测,红色箭头代表负向预测,箭头越粗,表示效应越大;蓝色节点代表抑郁情绪(积极情绪反向记分为抑郁情绪)、黄色节点代表躯体症状、粉色节点代表人际关系;D1=烦恼、D2=胃口差、D3=苦闷、D4=比其他人差、D5=注意力差、D6=低沉、D7=做事费力、D8=前途无望、D9=生活失败、D10=害怕、D11=睡眠差、D12=不高兴、D13=说话少、D14=孤独感、D15=人们不友好、D16=生活无趣、D17=哭泣、D18=忧愁、D19=人们不喜欢自己、D20=无法进行日常工作;左图为T1—T2时期,右图为T2—T3时期。

, figureFileSmall=P3h4/pKVBIPOqdsFLrMxTQ==, figureFileBig=o2UV/vBL8z6qaZf7T6a4XA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680462813384762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522847663837852, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=The out-EI and in-EI of cross-lagged networks of YMSM depressive symptoms in T1—T2 and T2—T3, figureFileSmall=A8JA5WA/xDNyF9I1YRD4Kg==, figureFileBig=J6SK8K05T8PGevRO2YgDqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680462914048062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522847663837852, language=CN, label=图2, caption=T1—T2和T2—T3中YMSM抑郁症状的交叉滞后网络的out-EI和in-EI

注: “Dn”的意义同图1

, figureFileSmall=A8JA5WA/xDNyF9I1YRD4Kg==, figureFileBig=J6SK8K05T8PGevRO2YgDqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680463027294276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522847663837852, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Bootstrap confidence intervals for edge weights in cross-lagged networks of YMSM depressive symptoms for periods T1—T2 and T2—T3, figureFileSmall=Gnn3c9dzcFG80hKPk1TtQQ==, figureFileBig=ePqQJT/6qoyK+R6acHCFhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680463127957577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522847663837852, language=CN, label=图3, caption=T1—T2和T2—T3时期的YMSM抑郁症状的交叉滞后网络中边缘权重的自举置信区间

注:本图旨在估计边缘的准确性,红线代表样本边缘权重值,灰色区域代表bootstrap自举抽样95%置信区间,每条灰色的水平线代表网络的一个边缘的置信区间,按照边缘权重的大小从最上到最下排序(隐藏了y轴标签以避免边缘标签过多产生混乱)。

, figureFileSmall=Gnn3c9dzcFG80hKPk1TtQQ==, figureFileBig=ePqQJT/6qoyK+R6acHCFhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680463237009485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522847663837852, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Bootstrap subset results for cross-lagged networks of YMSM depressive symptoms for periods T1—T2 and T2—T3, figureFileSmall=+0WRAV6cVtXU7TKyQO1x3w==, figureFileBig=ugi9MgBzKkQQpQ+SMfB2lA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680463350255703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522847663837852, language=CN, label=图4, caption=T1—T2和T2—T3时期的YMSM抑郁症状的交叉滞后网络的自举子集结果

注:本图旨在评价中心性估计的稳定性,即删除一定比例的样本后,剩余样本与原样本的相关性。

, figureFileSmall=+0WRAV6cVtXU7TKyQO1x3w==, figureFileBig=ugi9MgBzKkQQpQ+SMfB2lA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680463455113306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522847663837852, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Differences tests of out-EI and in-EI for YMSM depressive symptoms in the T1—T2 (left) and T2—T3 (right) periods, figureFileSmall=YvXGhmaSlijsh/3thxNzlw==, figureFileBig=XzLNW4Kpob12NqRgABFhfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680463593525346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522847663837852, language=CN, label=图5, caption=T1—T2和T2—T3时期的YMSM抑郁症状的out-EI和in-EI的差异检验

注:本图旨在评价中心性差异的稳定性,黑色方块代表节点强度差异有统计学意义;“Dn”的意义同图1;左图为T1—T2时期,右图为T2—T3时期。

, figureFileSmall=YvXGhmaSlijsh/3thxNzlw==, figureFileBig=XzLNW4Kpob12NqRgABFhfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241680463719354475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522847663837852, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Demographic information of YMSM (n=349)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量频数/百分比(%)
年龄(岁,22.2±1.85
民族
汉族324 (92.83)
少数民族25 (7.17)
户口
城镇186 (53.30)
农村163 (46.70)
教育水平
初中及以下8 (2.29)
高中或中专51 (14.61)
本科或大专264 (75.64)
硕士及以上26 (7.45)
月收入(元)
<5004 (1.15)
500~1 00023 (6.59)
1 001~3 000148 (42.41)
3 001~6 000103 (29.51)
6 001~9 00048 (13.75)
>9 00023 (6.59)
性取向
异性恋3 (0.86)
同性恋290 (83.09)
双性恋38 (10.89)
不确定18 (5.16)
有抑郁症状175(50.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1241680463849377907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522847663837852, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

YMSM基本人口学信息(n=349)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量频数/百分比(%)
年龄(岁,22.2±1.85
民族
汉族324 (92.83)
少数民族25 (7.17)
户口
城镇186 (53.30)
农村163 (46.70)
教育水平
初中及以下8 (2.29)
高中或中专51 (14.61)
本科或大专264 (75.64)
硕士及以上26 (7.45)
月收入(元)
<5004 (1.15)
500~1 00023 (6.59)
1 001~3 000148 (42.41)
3 001~6 000103 (29.51)
6 001~9 00048 (13.75)
>9 00023 (6.59)
性取向
异性恋3 (0.86)
同性恋290 (83.09)
双性恋38 (10.89)
不确定18 (5.16)
有抑郁症状175(50.1)
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基于交叉滞后网络分析探索华中地区年轻男男性行为者抑郁症状的网络结构
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刘昕 1 , 刘丹 1 , 王启文 1 , 李佳钰 1 , 翟萌曦 1 , 王世捷 1 , 周龙辉 1 , 肖琛嫦 2 , 俞斌 1 , 燕虹 1
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(3): 489-494
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(3): 489-494
基于交叉滞后网络分析探索华中地区年轻男男性行为者抑郁症状的网络结构
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刘昕1, 刘丹1, 王启文1, 李佳钰1, 翟萌曦1, 王世捷1, 周龙辉1, 肖琛嫦2, 俞斌1, 燕虹1
作者信息
  • 1.武汉大学公共卫生学院,湖北 武汉 430072
  • 2.武汉城市学院
  • 刘昕(1996—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

通讯作者:

燕虹,E-mail:
Network structure of depressive symptoms in young men who have sex with men in central China—a cross-lagged network analysis
Xin LIU1, Dan LIU1, Qi-wen WANG1, Jia-yu LI1, Meng-xi ZHAI1, Shi-jie WANG1, Long-hui ZHOU1, Chen-chang XIAO2, Bin YU1, Hong YAN1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
出版时间: 2024-02-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311139
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目的

探索华中地区年轻男男性行为者(young men who have sex with men,YMSM)不同时间抑郁症状网络中各症状的因果关联。

方法

以2017年在武汉、长沙、南昌招募并在2018和2019年完成三轮随访的349名符合条件的YMSM作为研究对象,使用流调中心抑郁量表测量研究对象的抑郁症状,使用交叉滞后网络分析研究抑郁的纵向网络结构。

结果

在基线到第一轮随访时期,孤独感的输出中心性统计值为3.541,是对其他症状影响最高的症状,其次是人们不喜欢自己的1.196。而不高兴的输入中心性统计值为2.175、其次是生活无趣、苦闷,分别为1.124和1.093,说明这几个症状最容易被其他症状预测;第一轮随访到第二轮随访时期,人们不友好为2.440,是输出预期影响最高的症状;其次是无法进行日常工作和人们不喜欢自己,分别为1.708、1.119;而害怕、做事费力、前途无望,分别为2.437、1.374、1.278,最容易被其他症状预测。YMSM抑郁症状网络中,孤独感、人们不友好、人们不喜欢自己,统计值分别为3.541、2.440、1.196,三个症状组成了一个小症状群,占据网络核心地位。

结论

在YMSM人群的抑郁症状网络结构中,人际关系问题发挥了重要的作用,未来的干预应充分考虑这一现象,通过促进YMSM群体的社交以及对社会的融入,减少YMSM的抑郁。

交叉滞后网络分析  /  男男性行为者  /  抑郁症状
Objective

To explore the causal relationship among depressive symptoms in young men who have sex with men young (YMSM) in central China.

Methods

A total of 349 eligible YMSM who were recruited in Wuhan, Changsha, and Nanchang in 2017 and completed three rounds of follow-up in 2018 and 2019 were selected as research subjects. The depressive symptoms of the subjects were measured by the center for epidemiological survey-depression scale (CES-D), and the longitudinal network structure of depression was analyzed by cross-lag network.

Results

During the period from baseline to the first round of follow-up, the statistical value of output centrality of loneliness was 3.541, which had the highest impact on other symptoms, followed by dislike for themselves (1.196). The central statistical value of unhappy input was 2.175, followed by boredom (1.124) and bitterness (1.093), indicating that these symptoms were most easily predicted by other symptoms. During the first round of follow-up to the second round of follow-up, unfriendliness (2.440) was the symptom with the highest impact on output expectations, followed by inability to perform daily work (1.708) and dislike for themselves (1.119). Fear (2.437), arduous work (1.374), and hopelessness (1.278) were the most easily predicted by other symptoms. In the YMSM depressive symptom network, loneliness (3.541), unfriendliness (2.440), and dislike for themselves (1.196) constituted a small symptom group, which occupied the core position of the network.

Conclusion

Interpersonal relationship plays an important role in the network structure of depressive symptoms in YMSM population. Future interventions should fully consider this and reduce YMSM depression by promoting social interaction and social integration of YMSM groups.

Cross-lag network analysis  /  Men who have sex with men  /  Depressive symptoms
刘昕, 刘丹, 王启文, 李佳钰, 翟萌曦, 王世捷, 周龙辉, 肖琛嫦, 俞斌, 燕虹. 基于交叉滞后网络分析探索华中地区年轻男男性行为者抑郁症状的网络结构. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (3) : 489 -494 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311139
Xin LIU, Dan LIU, Qi-wen WANG, Jia-yu LI, Meng-xi ZHAI, Shi-jie WANG, Long-hui ZHOU, Chen-chang XIAO, Bin YU, Hong YAN. Network structure of depressive symptoms in young men who have sex with men in central China—a cross-lagged network analysis[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (3) : 489 -494 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311139
男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)是艾滋病病毒感染的高危人群之一,由于该人群长期不被主流文化所接纳,受到的歧视水平较高,心理健康问题较为严重[1-2]。一项汇集了62篇研究的meta分析表明,全球MSM抑郁症状的患病率在31%~39%[3]。与非青少年MSM相比(25岁以上),以学生为代表的16~24岁的年轻男男性行为者(young men who have sex with men,YMSM)由于处于特殊的人生阶段,独立意识迅速增强但心理尚未发育成熟,因此其心理问题的发生率更高[4]。有研究显示,YMSM抑郁症状的检出率为48.6%~54.6%[5]。因此,YMSM群体的抑郁症状亟待深入研究。
既往研究多是基于传统的潜变量模型理解抑郁,将抑郁概念化为一个整体。然而,新兴的精神病理学的网络理论表明,抑郁是个体精神病理学症状之间相互影响的结果[6]。Borsboom[7]提出,抑郁等精神障碍不是症状背后的潜在实体,而是症状产生形成精神障碍,是症状之间的因果循环致使精神障碍出现并维持[6]。因此,网络分析方法应运而生。网络分析以节点代表症状,节点间的连线(边,edge)表示节点间的联系,边的权重代表关联的强弱,节点连接的边越多,权重越大,代表节点的中心性越高[8]。研究者通常关注中心性较高的节点,因为这些节点可以更多地影响、预测其它节点。交叉滞后网络分析是利用纵向数据探索精神障碍网络结构的方法[9],这种方法不仅可以考察症状之间基于时间顺序的因果作用,同时还可以分析一个症状对一段时间后该症状的效应,即自回归效应[9]
目前,关于中国YMSM群体抑郁症状的研究多聚焦于其影响因素或产生路径[10],很少有研究关注中国YMSM群体抑郁症状本身的特点。本研究以华中地区YMSM人群为对象,采用交叉滞后网络分析方法,研究YMSM人群抑郁症状的网络结构,找出其中最为核心的症状,在加深对YMSM抑郁症状的理解的同时,为后续采取更精准的干预措施提供参考。
本研究对象为YMSM人群,于2017年9月—2018年1月在武汉、长沙、南昌地区与当地男同组织合作开展基线调查,采取同伴推动抽样与机遇抽样相结合的方式,通过外展活动、同伴推荐、男同组织协助宣传招募YMSM,由获得知情同意的调查对象现场填写电子版问卷。完成基线调查后,本课题组于2018年7—9月,2019年6—7月由受过培训的调查员通知随访对象前往固定地点完成随访调查。本次研究的纳入标准为:(1)年龄16~24周岁;(2)生理性别为男性;(3)过去六个月有过男男性行为;(4)愿意参加研究并填写知情同意书。
本研究最终招募了490名YMSM。由于部分随访对象担忧隐私暴露删除了联系方式或因各种原因离开调查的城市而失访,最终分别有400名和349名参与者完成了第一轮和第二轮的随访。因为交叉滞后网络分析对数据完整性的要求,本研究选取完成所有随访调查的349名YMSM进行分析。所有参与者均签署了知情同意书。本研究获得了武汉大学医学伦理委员会的批准(伦理批件名称:“歧视感知”影响青少年男男性行为人群危险性行为的中介效应研究,伦理批准号:WHU-2016YF0034)。
自编一般情况调查表,调查内容包括:一般人口学变量(年龄、民族、教育程度、户口类型、就业、婚姻等)、性取向、性别认同等。
CES-D量表用于评估调查对象最近一周抑郁症状出现的频率,共20个条目,选项从0(从来没有)到3(5~7 d)共四级评分,第4、8、12和16题为反向计分,总分为60分,总分≥16分则认为存在抑郁症状。本研究中三轮调查的CES-D量表的Cronbach α系数分别为0.865、0.808、0.842。
在本研究中,为了使网络图展示更为清晰,我们将反向计分题目改为正向计分,并将题目含义反转(如“D12:我感到高兴”转变为“D12:我感到不高兴”)。同时,我们根据既往研究[11],将CESD量表的症状分为三个维度(抑郁情绪:D3=苦闷、D4=比其他人差、D6=低沉、D8=前途无望、D9=生活失败、D10=害怕、D12=不高、D14=孤独感、D16=生活无趣、D17=哭泣、D18=忧愁;躯体症状:D1=烦恼、D2=胃口差、D5=注意力差、D7=做事费力、D11=睡眠差、D13=说话少、D20=无法进行日常工作;人际关系:D15=人们不友好、D19=人们不喜欢自己)并分别用三种颜色表示:抑郁情绪(蓝色,积极情绪反向记分为抑郁情绪)、躯体症状(黄色)、人际关系(粉色)。
本研究描述性分析由SPSS 26.0完成,使用R 4.2.2进行交叉滞后网络分析。
交叉滞后网络分析是利用纵向数据研究网络中变量预测方向的分析方法,相对于传统横断面网络分析,这种方法控制了变量的自回归效应,估计了单个项目在前一个时间点对后一个时间点的所有项目的影响。
正则化回归估计和网络的绘制分别通过R包glmnet和qgraph进行[12],分别构建T1(基线调查)时间到T2(第一轮随访)时间、T2时间到T3(第二轮随访)时间的交叉滞后网络。glmnet包利用glasso计算T1—T2以及T2—T3时间点内和时间点之间的非标准化系数和正则化回归系数,qgraph用于绘制网络图;为了方便两个网络在视觉上进行比较,我们利用Average Layout函数使每个节点处于两个网络中相对应节点的平均位置。同时,因为自回归效应通常是网络中最强的路径,但其并非本研究关注的内容,且自回归效应在网络中会削弱其他路径的视觉效果,因此我们在正文的图表中将自回归路径去除。
在网络结构中,节点代表症状,箭头指向代表效应方向,箭头越粗,表示效应越大,红色箭头表明该效应为负向,绿色箭头代表正向预测。
在本文中,为了提高结果的可解释性,本研究通过对边缘权重的系数的幂化,将边缘权重的系数从对数比值转换为比值比(OR),所以本文中最重要的指标为out-EI (out-expected influence)和in-EI (in-expected influence)两个中心性指标,即输出预期影响和输入预期影响。out-EI指某节点的所有输出边之和,表示一个节点在网络中预测其他节点的程度;in-EI指某节点的所有输入边之和,表示一个节点在网络中受其他节点预测的程度[9]
网络稳定性估计通过R包bootnet进行[13]。首先,通过自举边缘权重的95%置信区间(confidence intervals,CI)来估计边缘的准确性(bootstrapped samples = 1 000)。其次,通过运行构造子集的程序(subsetting bootstrap)删除一定比例的样本并重新估计网络以检验节点中心性估计的稳定性;如果剔除多数样本后新网络的中心性估计顺序与原网络仍有较高相关性,则可以认为中心性估计较为稳定。同时,我们还估计了中心性稳定性系数(centrality stability coefficient,CS-coefficient)作为参照指标,系数值大于 0.5为稳定性良好,系数大于0.25表示稳定性达到可接受范围。最后,使用中心性差异检验评估 out-EI和in-EI 在症状间的差异[13]
一般人口学信息见表1。结果显示,调查对象平均年龄为 22.2岁,大多数为汉族,占92.83%。83.09%的YMSM接受过大学及以上教育,近79.8%为同性恋。抑郁症状检出率为50.1%。
在T1—T2时期,网络中输出最多预测效应的症状是D14(孤独感),它预测的症状包括D1(烦恼)、D15(人们不友好)、D6(低沉)、D10(害怕)等;同时,一些症状在网络中介导了其他两个症状的联系,例如D14(孤独感)可以通过D12(不高兴)间接影响D16(生活无趣)。
在T2—T3时期,网络中输出最多预测效应的症状是D15(他人不友好),它预测的症状包括D20(无法进行日常工作)、D3(苦闷)、D7(做事费力)、D5(注意力差)等;在T2—T3时期,不仅出现了症状间的中介现象,还出现一些症状间的循环反馈,如D14(孤独感)→D15(人们不友好)→D7(做事费力)→D14(孤独感)的循环。见图1
抑郁症状交叉滞后网络的中心性估计见图2。由图可见,T1—T2、T2—T3两个时期的抑郁症状的中心性存在随时间变化的情况。
在T1—T2时期,D14(孤独感)是out-EI最高的症状,且远远高于其他症状,排在之后的症状为D19(人们不喜欢自己)、D12(不高兴)、D13(说话少)。In-EI最高的症状是D12(不高兴),其次是D16(生活无趣)、D3(苦闷)、D9(生活失败)。
在T2—T3时期,D15(人们不友好)是out-EI最高的症状,其次是D20(无法进行日常工作)、D19(人们不喜欢自己)、D14(孤独感)。In-EI最高的症状是D10(害怕),其次是D7(做事费力)、D8(前途无望)、D9(生活失败)。
自举边缘权重程序结果如图3所示,两个交叉滞后网络边缘的估计是较为准确的,其中最强的几个边缘与置信区间不重叠,代表结果可靠。自举子集程序如图4所示,T1—T2网络中out-EI和in-EI的中心稳定性系数分别为 0.438、0.261,T2—T3网络中out-EI和in-EI的中心稳定性系数分别为0.284、0.216,这表明out-EI的结果较为稳定,而in-EI的结果在推广时应更加谨慎。中心性差异性检验的结果如图5显示,黑色方块代表坐标轴上的两个节点强度的差异有统计学意义,在T1—T2和T2—T3的网络中,大多数中心性较强的节点与较弱的节点有显著差异,说明网络的节点强度较为稳定。
本研究使用交叉滞后网络分析探索了华中地区YMSM人群抑郁症状的网络结构以及各症状之间独特的因果关系,揭示了孤独感、社交等问题在YMSM抑郁症状中的核心地位,这不仅可以加深我们对YMSM人群抑郁症状网络结构的理解,同时指明了对于YMSM的孤独感和社交进行早期干预是减轻YMSM抑郁症状的有效手段。
在本研究中,T1—T2时期out-EI最高的症状是D14(孤独感),这表明在这个时期,T1时期的孤独感强烈地影响了T2时期的其他症状。而在T2—T3时期,D15(他人不友好)则是out-EI最高的症状。这个结果与美国进行的一项横断面研究不同[14],该研究发现睡眠和注意力在MSM抑郁症状网络中起到更为核心的作用,这可能是由于美国社会对MSM人群的接受度和包容性更强所造成的差异。值得注意的是,D19(人们不喜欢自己)在两个时期的网络的out-EI中均排在较为靠前的位置(T1—T2时期第二,T2—T3时期第三)。同时,D14(孤独感)也同样存在类似的情况(T1—T2时期out-EI第一,T2—T3时期第四),这说明在抑郁网络中这些症状能在较长的时间里稳定地预测其他症状。D12(不高兴)和D10(害怕)这两个节点分别是T1—T2、T2—T3两个时期in-EI最高的症状,表明这两个节点最容易受到其他症状影响,当网络中其他一些症状加深后,这两个症状也极易随之恶化,因此,这两个症状同样需要重视。
有研究显示,当一个人没有像预期的那样拥有更广泛的社交网络时,就会发生社交孤独感,这可能导致人产生无聊、被排斥和被边缘化的感觉[15]。有趣的是,在两个网络中out-EI排名靠前的D15(他人不友好)、D19(人们不喜欢自己)均属于人际关系维度,也就是社交问题,同时在网络图中D14(孤独感)、D15(他人不友好)、D19(人们不喜欢自己)这三者集中在网络的中心,并相互之间紧密联系。因此,我们认为D14、D15、D19这三个与社交相关的症状组成的小症状群在YMSM人群抑郁症状中处于最核心的地位,它们可以在YMSM的抑郁症状网络中大量激活或预测其他的症状,从而影响整个网络,而D12(不高兴)和D10(害怕)等in-EI较高的抑郁症状随之升高,使YMSM的整体抑郁得分上升。一些研究可以支持我们的结论,一项在中国MSM中开展的横断面研究表明,孤独和抑郁具有相关性[16]。另一项在美国开展的关于黑人MSM的纵向研究发现,更多的社交支持意味着更少的抑郁症状[17]
由于当前关于YMSM人群抑郁症状的交叉滞后网络分析的研究较少,我们无法将本次研究的结果与同类研究进行详细对比,但一些和本研究类似的横断面网络分析仍可以给我们提供参考。一项在中国青少年中进行的研究发现,抑郁情绪是抑郁-焦虑网络中中心性最强的节点[18],另一项在中国地震幸存者中开展的研究也发现抑郁情绪在抑郁症状中扮演着最重要的角色[19]。然而,YMSM抑郁症状网络的主导症状是人际关系以及孤独感等社交相关问题,大部分抑郁情绪节点处在被预测的地位,这些事实显示了YMSM群体的抑郁症状的网络结构与其他人群有着极大地不同。因此,在对YMSM群体的抑郁进行干预时,需要采取的措施也应该与一般人群区别开来。
综上所述,本研究结果显示华中地区YMSM群体的抑郁症状网络主要以孤独感、社交相关等问题为核心,进而对症状网络中的抑郁情绪等症状产生影响,最终加深YMSM整体的抑郁症状水平。因此对YMSM群体抑郁的早期干预应注重降低其孤独感,促进社交参与,并适当关注抑郁情绪。如在通过一定心理辅导服务降低抑郁情绪的基础上,通过一些性少数群体组织开展线上或线下的交友活动,促进YMSM的社区参与,减少孤独感;同时在社会层面减少MSM群体的污名化也是有必要的,这可以促进MSM群体对社会的融入,更有利于这个群体抑郁症状的改善。本研究首次采用交叉滞后网络分析对华中地区YMSM抑郁症状的纵向网络结构进行探索,对YMSM的抑郁症状提出了新的理解。尽管如此,本研究仍有一些局限性。首先,本研究在武汉、长沙、南昌三地招募YMSM,难以代表全国的YMSM。其次,本研究通过问卷调查获取信息,难以避免回忆偏倚。再次,调查中可能由于YMSM群体存在内化恐同或内化污名化,从而隐瞒自身性行为情况,导致未调查这部分人群,可能产生偏倚。最后,由于MSM群体的隐匿性,本研究的样本量相对较小,因此研究结论在外推时应更加谨慎。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81673196)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311139
  • 接收时间:2023-11-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-10
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国家自然科学基金(81673196)
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    1.武汉大学公共卫生学院,湖北 武汉 430072
    2.武汉城市学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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