Article(id=1241522772711633715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522764012647140, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202306080, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1686153600000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773931695391, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1704816000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773931695391, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773931695391, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931695391, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241522764012647140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773931693318, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931808852, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241523248643494379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522764012647140, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241523248643494380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522764012647140, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=45, endPage=49, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241522773026206527, articleId=1241522772711633715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Influencing factors of malnutrition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Hengshui area, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the nutritional status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in Hengshui area and to explore the influencing factors of malnutrition in COPD patients.

Methods

A total of 321 COPD patients in our hospital from January 2018 to October 2022 were selected, including 189 males and 132 females, aged 49 to 62 years, with an average age of(55.23 ±3.01) years. Patients were divided into normal nutrition group and malnutrition group. Univariate analysis was used to compare the demographic characteristics, clinical data, and laboratory examinations between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the possible influencing factors of malnutrition in COPD patients.

Results

Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=2.496, 95%CI: 1.204-1.860), annual family income (OR=0.569, 95%CI: 0.386-0.839), COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score (OR=1.917, 95%CI: 1.288-2.854), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) (OR=0.550, 95%CI: 0.350-0.865), modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC) score (OR=1.944, 95%CI: 1.076-3.515), number of acute exacerbations of COPD hospitalization (OR=1.788, 95%CI: 1.053-3.035), and sarcopenia (OR=2.782, 95%CI: 1.542-5.018) were independent influencing factors of malnutrition in patients with COPD in Hengshui area.

Conclusion

In total 47.35% of the 321 COPD patients in Hengshui area had malnutrition, and age, annual family income, CAT score, 6MWT, mMRC score, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and sarcopenia are the independent influencing factors of malnutrition in COPD patients. It is suggested to formulate feasible and targeted intervention measures according to the above factors in order to reduce the incidence of malnutrition in patients with COPD, reduce the clinical manifestations of sarcopenia, and prolong the survival time.

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目的

探究衡水地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)患者营养状况并探讨COPD患者营养不良的影响因素。

方法

选择2018年1月—2022年10月期间本院就诊的321例COPD患者为研究对象,其中男性189例、女性132例,年龄49~62岁,平均(55.23±3.01)岁,根据主观营养评定法,将患者分成营养正常组和营养不良组,用单因素分析比较两组人口学、临床资料、实验室检查指标等特征,采用logistic回归在调整协变量的情况下分析COPD患者营养不良的可能影响因素。

结果

Logistic回归分析结果表明,年龄(OR=2.496,95%CI: 1.204~1.860)、家庭年收入(OR=0.569,95%CI: 0.386~0.839)、CAT评分(OR=1.917, 95%CI: 1.288~2.854)、6MWT(OR=0.550, 95%CI: 0.350~0.865)、mMRC评分(OR=1.944,95%CI: 1.076~3.515)、慢阻肺急性加重入院次数(OR=1.788,95%CI: 1.053~3.035)、少肌症(OR=2.782, 95%CI: 1.542~5.018)是衡水地区COPD患者营养不良的独立影响因素。

结论

衡水地区321例COPD患者中营养不良占比为47.35%,且年龄、家庭年收入、CAT评分、6MWT、mMRC评分、慢阻肺急性加重入院次数、少肌症等为COPD患者营养不良的独立影响因素。临床宜针对上述因素制定切实可行并有针对性的干预措施,以降低COPD患者营养不良的发生,减轻少肌症临床表现,延长生存期。

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侯丽萍,E-mail:
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卢新卫(1989—),女,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:临床营养的治疗作用

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Clin Nutr ESPEN, 2021, 42: 188-194., articleTitle=Prevalence,associated factors, and prognostic value of sarcopenia in patients with acute exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A cohort study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241677617775047447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772711633715, awardId=2021014079Z, language=CN, fundingSource=衡水市科技计划项目(2021014079Z), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241677612196622915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772711633715, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241677612209205828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772711633715, companyId=1241677612196622915, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Nutrition, Hengshui People’s Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei 053000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241677612217594437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772711633715, companyId=1241677612196622915, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.衡水市人民医院营养科,河北 衡水 053000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241677612364395082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772711633715, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241677612372783693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772711633715, companyId=1241677612364395082, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.衡水市人民医院感染科)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241677612469252686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772711633715, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241677612473446992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772711633715, companyId=1241677612469252686, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.衡水市人民医院呼吸与危重症科)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241677616671945436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772711633715, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Univariate analysis of COPD patients in malnutrition group and normal nutrition group [n,()]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素营养不良组(n=152)营养正常组(n=169)t/χ2P
人口学资料
性别0.3210.571
男性87102
女性6567
身体质量指数(kg/m224.01±2.8723.88±1.990.4670.641
牙齿脱落颗数(颗)4.01±0.553.87±0.372.6460.009
年龄(岁)4.8900.027
18~6093123
>605946
家庭年收入(万元)9.0810.003
0~1010083
>105286
学历1.1130.291
高中及以下112133
大专及以上4036
婚姻1.5160.218
已婚141150
未婚1119
居住地29.651<0.001
农村10364
城镇49105
吸烟史3.3840.066
4535
107134
饮酒史0.3380.561
3139
121130
临床资料
CAT评分(分)11.68±3.207.39±1.0415.795<0.001
6MWT(m)348.43±39.01396.20±40.5510.729<0.001
mMRC评分(分)2.54±0.791.07±0.2320.526<0.001
慢阻肺急性加重入院次数(次)2.58±0.421.79±0.2619.998<0.001
病程(年)12.03±2.8712.41±2.601.2450.214
少肌症35.154<0.001
8338
69131
实验室检查指标
肺功能
FEV1%46.23±7.0255.39±5.0113.323<0.001
FEV1/FVC58.65±3.1864.02±3.0015.564<0.001
血气分析
氧分压(mm Hg)79.85±5.1884.99±4.139.758<0.001
二氧化碳分压(mm Hg)56.08±6.0040.20±5.2325.333<0.001
生化指标和血常规
白蛋白(g/L)33.27±3.2736.07±3.087.898<0.001
甘油三酯(mmol/L)1.21±0.621.93±0.4911.457<0.001
总胆固醇(mmol/L)3.45±1.223.52±0.840.5920.554
血红蛋白(g/L)122.64±10.48125.40±9.032.5340.012
淋巴细胞计数(109/L)1.20±0.511.16±0.390.7830.434
C反应蛋白(mg/L)59.33±8.0137.61±5.7227.680<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241677616822940393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772711633715, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

COPD营养不良组和营养正常组患者的单因素分析[n,()]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素营养不良组(n=152)营养正常组(n=169)t/χ2P
人口学资料
性别0.3210.571
男性87102
女性6567
身体质量指数(kg/m224.01±2.8723.88±1.990.4670.641
牙齿脱落颗数(颗)4.01±0.553.87±0.372.6460.009
年龄(岁)4.8900.027
18~6093123
>605946
家庭年收入(万元)9.0810.003
0~1010083
>105286
学历1.1130.291
高中及以下112133
大专及以上4036
婚姻1.5160.218
已婚141150
未婚1119
居住地29.651<0.001
农村10364
城镇49105
吸烟史3.3840.066
4535
107134
饮酒史0.3380.561
3139
121130
临床资料
CAT评分(分)11.68±3.207.39±1.0415.795<0.001
6MWT(m)348.43±39.01396.20±40.5510.729<0.001
mMRC评分(分)2.54±0.791.07±0.2320.526<0.001
慢阻肺急性加重入院次数(次)2.58±0.421.79±0.2619.998<0.001
病程(年)12.03±2.8712.41±2.601.2450.214
少肌症35.154<0.001
8338
69131
实验室检查指标
肺功能
FEV1%46.23±7.0255.39±5.0113.323<0.001
FEV1/FVC58.65±3.1864.02±3.0015.564<0.001
血气分析
氧分压(mm Hg)79.85±5.1884.99±4.139.758<0.001
二氧化碳分压(mm Hg)56.08±6.0040.20±5.2325.333<0.001
生化指标和血常规
白蛋白(g/L)33.27±3.2736.07±3.087.898<0.001
甘油三酯(mmol/L)1.21±0.621.93±0.4911.457<0.001
总胆固醇(mmol/L)3.45±1.223.52±0.840.5920.554
血红蛋白(g/L)122.64±10.48125.40±9.032.5340.012
淋巴细胞计数(109/L)1.20±0.511.16±0.390.7830.434
C反应蛋白(mg/L)59.33±8.0137.61±5.7227.680<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241677616931992303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772711633715, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Variable assignment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素赋值
年龄(岁)18~60=0;>60=1
家庭年收入(万元)>10=0;0~10=1
少肌症无=0;有=1
), ArticleFig(id=1241677617053627124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772711633715, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

自变量赋值情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素赋值
年龄(岁)18~60=0;>60=1
家庭年收入(万元)>10=0;0~10=1
少肌症无=0;有=1
), ArticleFig(id=1241677617221399291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772711633715, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of COPD patients in malnutrition group and normal nutrition group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量回归系数β标准误Waldχ2POR值(95%CI)
常数项-1.1320.5534.1900.000
年龄0.4030.11113.1810.0002.496(1.204~1.860)
家庭年收入-0.5640.1988.1140.0040.569(0.386~0.839)
CAT评分b0.6510.20310.2840.0011.917(1.288~2.854)
6MWTc-0.5980.2316.7020.0100.550(0.350~0.865)
mMRCd评分0.6650.3024.8490.0281.944(1.076~3.515)
慢阻肺急性加重入院次数0.5810.2704.6300.0311.788(1.053~3.035)
少肌症1.0230.30111.5510.0012.782(1.542~5.018)
), ArticleFig(id=1241677617435308805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772711633715, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

COPD营养不良组和营养正常组患者的logistic回归分析a

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量回归系数β标准误Waldχ2POR值(95%CI)
常数项-1.1320.5534.1900.000
年龄0.4030.11113.1810.0002.496(1.204~1.860)
家庭年收入-0.5640.1988.1140.0040.569(0.386~0.839)
CAT评分b0.6510.20310.2840.0011.917(1.288~2.854)
6MWTc-0.5980.2316.7020.0100.550(0.350~0.865)
mMRCd评分0.6650.3024.8490.0281.944(1.076~3.515)
慢阻肺急性加重入院次数0.5810.2704.6300.0311.788(1.053~3.035)
少肌症1.0230.30111.5510.0012.782(1.542~5.018)
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衡水地区慢阻肺患者营养不良的影响因素
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卢新卫 1 , 李海天 2 , 王晶 3 , 侯丽萍 1
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024,51(1): 45-49
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024, 51(1): 45-49
衡水地区慢阻肺患者营养不良的影响因素
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卢新卫1, 李海天2, 王晶3, 侯丽萍1
作者信息
  • 1.衡水市人民医院营养科,河北 衡水 053000
  • 2.衡水市人民医院感染科
  • 3.衡水市人民医院呼吸与危重症科
  • 卢新卫(1989—),女,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:临床营养的治疗作用

通讯作者:

侯丽萍,E-mail:
Influencing factors of malnutrition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Hengshui area
Xin-wei LU1, Hai-tian LI2, Jing WANG3, Li-ping HOU1
Affiliations
  • Department of Nutrition, Hengshui People’s Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei 053000, China
出版时间: 2024-01-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202306080
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目的

探究衡水地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)患者营养状况并探讨COPD患者营养不良的影响因素。

方法

选择2018年1月—2022年10月期间本院就诊的321例COPD患者为研究对象,其中男性189例、女性132例,年龄49~62岁,平均(55.23±3.01)岁,根据主观营养评定法,将患者分成营养正常组和营养不良组,用单因素分析比较两组人口学、临床资料、实验室检查指标等特征,采用logistic回归在调整协变量的情况下分析COPD患者营养不良的可能影响因素。

结果

Logistic回归分析结果表明,年龄(OR=2.496,95%CI: 1.204~1.860)、家庭年收入(OR=0.569,95%CI: 0.386~0.839)、CAT评分(OR=1.917, 95%CI: 1.288~2.854)、6MWT(OR=0.550, 95%CI: 0.350~0.865)、mMRC评分(OR=1.944,95%CI: 1.076~3.515)、慢阻肺急性加重入院次数(OR=1.788,95%CI: 1.053~3.035)、少肌症(OR=2.782, 95%CI: 1.542~5.018)是衡水地区COPD患者营养不良的独立影响因素。

结论

衡水地区321例COPD患者中营养不良占比为47.35%,且年龄、家庭年收入、CAT评分、6MWT、mMRC评分、慢阻肺急性加重入院次数、少肌症等为COPD患者营养不良的独立影响因素。临床宜针对上述因素制定切实可行并有针对性的干预措施,以降低COPD患者营养不良的发生,减轻少肌症临床表现,延长生存期。

慢性阻塞性肺疾病  /  营养状况  /  少肌症
Objective

To explore the nutritional status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in Hengshui area and to explore the influencing factors of malnutrition in COPD patients.

Methods

A total of 321 COPD patients in our hospital from January 2018 to October 2022 were selected, including 189 males and 132 females, aged 49 to 62 years, with an average age of(55.23 ±3.01) years. Patients were divided into normal nutrition group and malnutrition group. Univariate analysis was used to compare the demographic characteristics, clinical data, and laboratory examinations between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the possible influencing factors of malnutrition in COPD patients.

Results

Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=2.496, 95%CI: 1.204-1.860), annual family income (OR=0.569, 95%CI: 0.386-0.839), COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score (OR=1.917, 95%CI: 1.288-2.854), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) (OR=0.550, 95%CI: 0.350-0.865), modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC) score (OR=1.944, 95%CI: 1.076-3.515), number of acute exacerbations of COPD hospitalization (OR=1.788, 95%CI: 1.053-3.035), and sarcopenia (OR=2.782, 95%CI: 1.542-5.018) were independent influencing factors of malnutrition in patients with COPD in Hengshui area.

Conclusion

In total 47.35% of the 321 COPD patients in Hengshui area had malnutrition, and age, annual family income, CAT score, 6MWT, mMRC score, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and sarcopenia are the independent influencing factors of malnutrition in COPD patients. It is suggested to formulate feasible and targeted intervention measures according to the above factors in order to reduce the incidence of malnutrition in patients with COPD, reduce the clinical manifestations of sarcopenia, and prolong the survival time.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease  /  Nutritional status  /  Sarcopenia
卢新卫, 李海天, 王晶, 侯丽萍. 衡水地区慢阻肺患者营养不良的影响因素. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (1) : 45 -49 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202306080
Xin-wei LU, Hai-tian LI, Jing WANG, Li-ping HOU. Influencing factors of malnutrition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Hengshui area[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (1) : 45 -49 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202306080
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)作为慢性气道疾病,以持续气流受限和阻塞为主要特征,与长年暴露在有害颗粒或气体中有关,是临床常见的慢性疾病[1-2]。流行病学显示[3-4],我国COPD患者约1亿,其中20岁以上人群患病率为8.6%,40岁以上群体则高达13.7%,是全世界第三大死因疾病。COPD是消耗性疾病,营养不良比例相当高,一方面COPD患者的疾病症状(如气短、持续咳嗽、胸闷等)可降低食欲减退;另一方面COPD增加机体基础能量消耗率,最终引发营养不良,而营养不良引发的体重减轻、瘦弱等亦可加重COPD病情,形成恶性循环[5-6]。研究表明[7],少肌症可造成COPD患者体力活动能力降低、呼吸肌无力及免疫功能减退等,但发病机制和预防措施尚无定论。Gosker HR等[8]研究发现,COPD患者营养不良会消耗肌肉组织,降低呼吸肌力,骨骼肌质量亦会大幅降低,减少运动量、松弛肌肉,进而增加少肌症发生几率,但具体关系尚未阐明。因而本文研究衡水地区COPD患者营养状况,探讨COPD患者营养不良与少肌症的关联,为临床减轻COPD症状、改善生活质量等提供依据。
选择2018年1月—2022年10月期间本院就诊的321例COPD患者为研究对象,其中男性189例、女性132例;年龄为49~62岁,平均值为(55.23±3.01)岁。根据主观营养评定法(subjective global assessment, SGA)[9]将研究对象分成营养正常组(n=169)和营养不良组(n=152)。SGA量表具体包括体重变化、饮食摄入、胃肠症状、活动能力、应激反应、肌肉萎缩、皮下脂肪丢失和踝部水肿等维度,A级为营养状况正常、B级为轻中度营养不良、C级为重度营养不良,上述8项中至少5项属于B或C等级即可判定为营养不良。本研究已通过医院伦理委员会批准同意(批件号:201801014)
纳入标准:(1)符合COPD诊断标准[10]。具体为:病史方面,长期吸烟史或暴露于其他有害物质(如空气污染、职业粉尘、烟雾等);临床症状方面,持续性的咳嗽、咳痰或呼吸急促等症状;反复发作的急性加重;临床检查方面,肺部听诊时出现哮鸣音或喘鸣音,并发现典型的肺气肿特征,1 s用力呼气量(FEV1)与用力肺活量(FVC)之比(FEV1/FVC)小于0.7;患者符合以上诊断标准即可诊断为气道阻塞性疾病。(2)可评估患者营养状况,四肢活动正常,病例资料齐全者。(3)知情同意,并签署知情同意书。排除标准:(1)并发肺结核、肺癌或间质性肺病者;(2)并发心脏病、肝病或肾病等;(3)合并厌食症、暴食症或糖尿病者;(4)合并消化系统疾病或营养干预治疗者;(5)认知功能失常或精神障碍者;(6)并发肺癌、肝癌等恶性肿瘤者;(7)接受造瘘或肠外营养支持者;(8)长期卧床、认知功能障碍或精神异常,不配合者。
应用肌少症简易五项评分问卷(simple five item scoring scale,SARC-F)评分量表评估COPD患者是否并发少肌症[11]。该问卷包括5个项目:力量、助行器的使用、上楼梯能力、行走能力和跌倒频率,每个项目的评分为0~2分,总分为0~10分,总分≥4分可能存在少肌症。诊断为少肌症阳性者需要使用亚洲肌少症工作组的标准进一步评估。从肌肉质量、肌肉力量和身体活动能力等3个维度评估,(1)Inbody720身体成分分析仪生物电阻抗法测定肌肉质量,男性<7.0kg/m2或女性<5.7kg/m2,则定义为肌肉质量减少;(2)肌肉力量以握力衡量,使用日本Takei握力计测定,男性握力<28 kg或女性握力<18 kg,定义为肌肉力量下降;(3)身体活动能力使用6 m步行试验,若<1.0 m/s,则定义为身体活动能力下降,存在(1)+(2)或(3)则判定为肌少症[12]
研究人员自行设计调查问卷,收集患者性别、年龄、身体质量指数、牙齿脱落颗数、饮酒史、吸烟史、居住地、学历、婚姻等人口学资料;慢阻肺生活质量评分(COPD assessment test, CAT评分),包括胸闷程度、睡眠质量、加重做事能力、呼吸困难程度、自我感觉健康状况、能量水平、信心及咳嗽程度等,满分为40分,分值越高,患者生活质量越差[13];6 min步行距离测试(6-minute walk test, 6MWT),在平坦无阻碍的通道上,让受试者在6min内来回行走,测量受试者行走总距离,可评估患者心肺功能[14];改良版呼吸困难量表(modified medical research council dyspnea scale, mMRC)评分,等级0:只在剧烈运动时呼吸困难,等级1:平地快步走或上缓坡时呼吸困难,等级2:因呼吸困难无法与与同龄人保持相同步速,等级3:因呼吸困难,需要在平地行走约100 m后需呼吸,等级4:因呼吸困难、穿衣或离开家呼吸困难,分值越高,呼吸困难程度越高[15];慢阻肺急性加重入院次数等临床资料;肺功能、血气分析指标、血常规、C反应蛋白、血气分析及肺功能等实验室检查指标。
研究团队利用循证文献与临床经验设计问卷,并建立统一规范且人性化的指导用语。收集完患者的住址、联系方式等信息后,团队避免使用倾向性语言干扰信息收集。调查后,对10%的研究对象进行复检,本研究中抽取了32例进行复核,并采用一问一答及收录病例的方式进行抽查。在所有复核的病例中,仅有一例存在差异,该差异后被修正并核实。
研究采用SPSS 25.0进行统计分析。单因素分析中计数资料以[n(%)]表示,比较行χ2检验;计量资料以()表示,比较行t检验。多因素分析采用非条件logistic回归分析慢阻肺患者发生营养不良可能的影响因素。检验水准α=0.05。
营养不良组和营养正常组患者在牙齿脱落颗数(t=2.646,P=0.009)、年龄(χ2=4.890,P=0.027)、家庭年收入(χ2=9.081,P=0.003)、居住地(χ2=29.651,P<0.001)、CAT评分(t=15.795,P<0.001)、6MWT(t=10.729,P<0.001)、mMRC评分(t=20.526,P<0.001)、慢阻肺急性加重入院次数(t=19.998,P<0.001)、少肌症(χ2=35.154,P<0.001)、FEV1%(t=13.323,P<0.001)、FEV1/FVC(t=15.564,P<0.001)、氧分压(t=9.758,P<0.001)、二氧化碳分压(t=25.333,P<0.001)、白蛋白(t=7.898,P<0.001)、甘油三酯(t=11.457,P<0.001)、血红蛋白(t=2.534,P=0.012)和C反应蛋白(t=27.680,P<0.001)方面存在差异,且差异具有统计学意义。见表1
以单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的指标为自变量,以衡水地区慢阻肺患者是否发生营养不良为因变量(营养不良为1,营养正常为0),行logistic回归分析,自变量赋值见表2。多因素分析结果表明年龄(OR=2.496, 95%CI: 1.204~1.860)、家庭年收入(OR=0.569,95%CI: 0.386~0.839)、CAT评分(OR=1.917, 95%CI:1.288~2.854)、6MWT(OR=0.550, 95%CI: 0.350~0.865)、mMRC评分(OR=1.944,95%CI: 1.076~3.515)、慢阻肺急性加重入院次数(OR=1.788,95%CI: 1.053~3.035)、少肌症(OR=2.782, 95%CI: 1.542~5.018)是衡水地区COPD患者营养不良的独立影响因素。见表3
随着工业化发展,空气污染正逐步促进呼吸道疾病的发生,且伴随人口老龄化进程,COPD的发病率逐年增加,作为进行性疾病,其临床研究已成为呼吸科关注重点[16]。临床实践显示,COPD不仅是气道慢性炎症疾病,其仍是全身性疾病,即COPD常因感染、缺氧或内分泌失调等因素引发机体营养不良,出现身体质量降低、消瘦等症状,进而损伤呼吸道结构,减弱肺部免疫防御系统,甚至造成呼吸衰竭,威胁患者生命安全[17]。少肌症是COPD患者另一并发症,系衰老或疾病引发的骨骼肌质量减弱或肌力衰退等,与增龄性变化、营养水平和神经因素改变等有关,其发病机制尚未阐明,若辅以COPD、冠心病等基础疾病,则可增加患者死亡率[18]
在衡水地区321例COPD患者中,营养不良患病率为47.35%(152/321),张兵等[19]纳入120例老年COPD患者,营养不良患病率为40.83%,略低于本文,可能与研究人群相关。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、家庭年收入、CAT评分、6MWT、mMRC评分、慢阻肺急性加重入院次数、少肌症等为COPD患者营养不良的独立影响因素。分析认为,随着医学发展,人类寿命大幅延长,但伴随的代谢和免疫机能降低尚无有效控制方法,且临床实践显示,年龄越大,并发基础疾病越多,同时因牙齿脱落、味觉减退及肠道消化能力减弱等,老年COPD患者极易营养摄入不足,若合并低家庭年收入,可增加营养不良发生[20]。肺功能是老年COPD患者营养不良的保护因素,良好的肺功能可以帮助维持正常的免疫功能,降低感染的风险,而感染会增加体内的炎症反应和能量消耗,从而加重营养不良的风险[21]。CAT评分、6MWT、mMRC评分均为临床评估COPD病情严重程度的有效工具,病情严重患者常伴有呼吸困难、疲乏或药物副作用而造成食欲减退,且心衰、肺炎并发症可增加蛋白质分解和能量消耗,进而出现营养不良[22]。COPD患者由于慢性炎症、氧气摄取不足、呼吸困难等因素,可能导致增加的能量消耗,而炎症也会增加能量消耗,从而出现营养不良,不仅影响体重,还可能导致肌肉质量的减少,从而增加少肌症的出现;少肌症本身亦可加重COPD患者的营养不良,即肌肉萎缩可能导致基础能量消耗的增加,而COPD患者由于呼吸困难和食欲减退,可能无法摄取足够的食物来满足这些增加的能量需求,同时因肌肉功能的下降,患者的活动能力可能会受到限制,进一步影响食物摄取和营养状况[23-24]。因此,临床应综合上述影响因素制定干预方案,应定期进行营养评估,以确定患者的营养状态,提供营养咨询和教育,以帮助患者了解如何选择健康的食物和保持适当的饮食习惯,并有针对性的补充患者蛋白质和维生素的摄入量。针对COPD的药物治疗可以帮助改善肺功能,减少急性加重的频率和严重程度。对于家庭收入较低的患者,社会支持可能非常重要,可提供经济援助,以确保患者能够获得充足的食物和必要的医疗服务,进而降低营养不良发生,延长患者生存期。
本研究的局限性为病例对照研究设计,提出COPD患者发生营养不良的病因线索,还需要证据性更强的队列研究或者干预研究进行证实。
综上所述,衡水地区321例COPD患者中营养不良者占比为47.35%,且年龄、家庭年收入、CAT评分、6MWT、mMRC评分、慢阻肺急性加重入院次数、少肌症等为COPD患者营养不良的独立影响因素。临床宜针对上述因素制定切实可行并有针对性的干预措施,以降低COPD患者营养不良的发生,减轻少肌症临床表现,延长生存期。
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202306080
  • 接收时间:2023-06-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-01-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-08
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    1.衡水市人民医院营养科,河北 衡水 053000
    2.衡水市人民医院感染科
    3.衡水市人民医院呼吸与危重症科

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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