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Article(id=1241522772187345701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522764012647140, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202305090, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1683561600000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773931695267, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1704816000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773931695267, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773931695267, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931695267, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241522764012647140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773931693318, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931808852, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241523248643494379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522764012647140, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241523248643494380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522764012647140, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=111, endPage=117, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241522772543861549, articleId=1241522772187345701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The influence of watching short videos on the mental health of the middleaged and elderly in China, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the effects of watching short videos on the mental health of the middle-aged and elderly in China, to provide scientific basis for improving the mental health of the middle-aged and elderly.

Methods

Based on the data of China family panel studies (CFPS) in 2020, the linear regression model and propensity score matching method were used to explore the average effect of watching short videos on the mental health of the middle-aged and elderly.

Results

Watching short videos could significantly improve the mental health level of middle-aged people (β=-0.217, P < 0.05). Watching short videos had a more significant effect on women, rural areas, and middle-aged and elderly people with an education level of junior high school or below (women: β=-0.323, P<0.05; rural areas: β=-0.309, P<0.05; junior high school: β =-0.387, P <0.01; middle-aged people: β=-0.270, P<0.05). The nearest neighbor matching, radius matching, and kernel matching all passed statistical tests.

Conclusion

Watching short videos has to some extent improved the mental health of middle-aged and elderly people, and it is necessary to further increase the internet penetration rate of the elderly population and expand the coverage of smartphone usage training. Attention should be paid to the mental health of women, rural registered residence, middle-aged and elderly people with low education and income levels as well as physical diseases.

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目的

分析观看短视频对我国中老年人心理健康的影响，为提高中老年人心理健康提供科学依据。

方法

基于2020年中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据，运用线性回归模型和倾向得分匹配法探究观看短视频对中老年人心理健康的平均处理效应。

结果

观看短视频能够显著改善中年人的心理健康水平（β=-0.217，P<0.05）；观看短视频对女性、乡村和受教育程度为初中及以下的中老年人效果更为明显（女性：β=-0.323，P<0.05；乡村：β=-0.309，P<0.05；受教育程度初中及以下：β=-0.387，P<0.01；中年人：β=-0.270，P<0.05），使用最近邻匹配、半径匹配及核匹配均通过了统计检验。

结论

观看短视频在一定程度上改善了中老年人的心理健康，应进一步提高中老年群体的互联网普及率，扩大智能手机使用培训覆盖面。重点关注女性、乡村户籍、受教育程度和收入水平较低及患有生理疾病中老年人的心理健康。

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王玥，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=jDs+UHW3HaRcSBDNWtMQrA==, magXml=ptnSJqubX3ib0k+MIYaqUA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=w6nF0m05tv3hdMsLJ1mOgw==, pdfFileSize=807248, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=wtouTUhVKdspPMpVcP+0uQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=qTfiiOXryb8XFgxzqu1ROA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

刘立光（1990—），男，博士，助理研究员，研究方向：老年健康

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刘立光（1990—），男，博士，助理研究员，研究方向：老年健康

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刘立光（1990—），男，博士，助理研究员，研究方向：老年健康

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Variable connotation and descriptive statistics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类别变量变量赋值及描述均值标准差
被解释变量心理健康连续变量，8～3213.6964.381
核心解释变量观看短视频观看=1，不观看=00.2940.455
控制变量性别男=1，女=00.5080.500
年龄（岁）45～59=1，60～69=2，70～79=3，80岁及以上=41.5970.796
户籍性质非农业=1，农业=00.2660.442
受教育程度小学及以下=1，初中=2，高中及以上=31.6050.755
婚姻状况在婚=1，不在婚=00.8950.306
个人收入（元）连续变量，0～41 3331 436.8112 403.896
日常锻炼是=1，否=00.2930.455
是否经常喝酒是=1，否=00.1570.364
是否抽烟是=1，否=00.2930.455
有无慢性病有=1，无=00.2220.416
过去一年因病住院有=1，无=00.1410.348
), ArticleFig(id=1241677625937162337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772187345701, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

变量含义及描述性统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类别变量变量赋值及描述均值标准差
被解释变量心理健康连续变量，8～3213.6964.381
核心解释变量观看短视频观看=1，不观看=00.2940.455
控制变量性别男=1，女=00.5080.500
年龄（岁）45～59=1，60～69=2，70～79=3，80岁及以上=41.5970.796
户籍性质非农业=1，农业=00.2660.442
受教育程度小学及以下=1，初中=2，高中及以上=31.6050.755
婚姻状况在婚=1，不在婚=00.8950.306
个人收入（元）连续变量，0～41 3331 436.8112 403.896
日常锻炼是=1，否=00.2930.455
是否经常喝酒是=1，否=00.1570.364
是否抽烟是=1，否=00.2930.455
有无慢性病有=1，无=00.2220.416
过去一年因病住院有=1，无=00.1410.348
), ArticleFig(id=1241677626021048422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772187345701, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Single factor analysis of mental health status of middle-aged and elderly people

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数观看短视频人数（均值）不观看短视频人数（均值）χ2值P值
性别204.656<0.001
女=04 3921 202(13.71)3 190(14.53)
男=14 5371 420(12.92)3 117(13.19)
年龄（岁）84.7750.144
45～59=15 1682 140(13.42)3 028(14.01)
60～69=22 379394(12.77)1 985(13.78)
70～79=31 19582(12.18)1 113(13.68)
80及以上=41876(13.33)181(13.64)
户籍性质186.911<0.001
乡村=06 5431 643(13.62)4 900(14.19)
城镇=12 370972(12.72)1 398(12.72)
受教育程度252.552<0.001
小学及以下=14 996940(13.92)4 056(14.39)
初中=22 449929(13.05)1 520(13.04)
高中及以上=31 476749(12.77)727(12.69)
婚姻状况157.570<0.001
不在婚=0935203(15.09)732(15.31)
在婚=17 9862 415(13.13)5 571(13.68)
个人月收入8 9292 622(2 154.97)6 307(1 138.25)0.001<0.001
日常锻炼105.848<0.001
否=06 3141 590(13.61)4 724(14.10)
是=12 6151 032(12.77)1 583(13.18)
是否喝酒63.214<0.001
否=07 5262 193(13.35)5 333(14.03)
是=11 403429(12.92)974(12.98)
是否抽烟56.269<0.001
否=06 3171 784(13.39)4 533(14.03)
是=12 612838(13.06)1 774(13.46)
有无慢性病243.018<0.001
否=06 9422 101(12.98)4 841(13.48)
有=11 985520(14.48)1 465(15.16)
过去一年是否因病住院245.078<0.001
否=07 6732 342(13.10)5 331(13.56)
是=11 255280(14.79)975(15.55)
), ArticleFig(id=1241677626146877548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772187345701, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中老年人心理健康状况单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数观看短视频人数（均值）不观看短视频人数（均值）χ2值P值
性别204.656<0.001
女=04 3921 202(13.71)3 190(14.53)
男=14 5371 420(12.92)3 117(13.19)
年龄（岁）84.7750.144
45～59=15 1682 140(13.42)3 028(14.01)
60～69=22 379394(12.77)1 985(13.78)
70～79=31 19582(12.18)1 113(13.68)
80及以上=41876(13.33)181(13.64)
户籍性质186.911<0.001
乡村=06 5431 643(13.62)4 900(14.19)
城镇=12 370972(12.72)1 398(12.72)
受教育程度252.552<0.001
小学及以下=14 996940(13.92)4 056(14.39)
初中=22 449929(13.05)1 520(13.04)
高中及以上=31 476749(12.77)727(12.69)
婚姻状况157.570<0.001
不在婚=0935203(15.09)732(15.31)
在婚=17 9862 415(13.13)5 571(13.68)
个人月收入8 9292 622(2 154.97)6 307(1 138.25)0.001<0.001
日常锻炼105.848<0.001
否=06 3141 590(13.61)4 724(14.10)
是=12 6151 032(12.77)1 583(13.18)
是否喝酒63.214<0.001
否=07 5262 193(13.35)5 333(14.03)
是=11 403429(12.92)974(12.98)
是否抽烟56.269<0.001
否=06 3171 784(13.39)4 533(14.03)
是=12 612838(13.06)1 774(13.46)
有无慢性病243.018<0.001
否=06 9422 101(12.98)4 841(13.48)
有=11 985520(14.48)1 465(15.16)
过去一年是否因病住院245.078<0.001
否=07 6732 342(13.10)5 331(13.56)
是=11 255280(14.79)975(15.55)
), ArticleFig(id=1241677626268512365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772187345701, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Regression results of effects of watching short videos on the mental health of middle-aged and elderly people

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2模型3模型4
β β β β
核心解释变量
短视频使用（使用=1）-0.239*0.106-0.436***0.099-0.472***0.097-0.217*0.105
控制变量
性别（男性=1）-0.840***0.093-0.869***0.114
年龄0.0340.0580.0080.057
年龄平方-0.0000.000-0.0000.000
户籍性质（非农业=1）-0.7930.114-0.713***0.114
受教育程度（小学及以下=1）
初中=2-0.864***0.108-0.773***0.107
高中及以上=3-0.748***0.140-0.617***0.138
婚姻状况（在婚=1）-1.731***0.170-1.697***0.167
个人收入（取对数）-0.069***0.014-0.052***0.014
日常锻炼（是=1）-0.915***0.099-0.554***0.101
喝酒（是=1）-0.738***0.124-0.241+0.123
抽烟（是=1）-0.376***0.1040.313**0.118
慢性病（有=1）1.269***0.1211.357***0.118
过去一年因病住院（有=1）1.476***0.1501.379***0.144
样本量8 9138 9298 9268 910
), ArticleFig(id=1241677626385952882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772187345701, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

观看短视频对中老年人心理健康影响的回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2模型3模型4
β β β β
核心解释变量
短视频使用（使用=1）-0.239*0.106-0.436***0.099-0.472***0.097-0.217*0.105
控制变量
性别（男性=1）-0.840***0.093-0.869***0.114
年龄0.0340.0580.0080.057
年龄平方-0.0000.000-0.0000.000
户籍性质（非农业=1）-0.7930.114-0.713***0.114
受教育程度（小学及以下=1）
初中=2-0.864***0.108-0.773***0.107
高中及以上=3-0.748***0.140-0.617***0.138
婚姻状况（在婚=1）-1.731***0.170-1.697***0.167
个人收入（取对数）-0.069***0.014-0.052***0.014
日常锻炼（是=1）-0.915***0.099-0.554***0.101
喝酒（是=1）-0.738***0.124-0.241+0.123
抽烟（是=1）-0.376***0.1040.313**0.118
慢性病（有=1）1.269***0.1211.357***0.118
过去一年因病住院（有=1）1.476***0.1501.379***0.144
样本量8 9138 9298 9268 910
), ArticleFig(id=1241677626482421878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772187345701, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Estimation of the average processing effect of watching short videos on the mental health of middle-aged and elderly people

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
匹配方法处理组控制组ATT标准误t值
最近邻匹配(1:4)13.28713.578-0.291**0.131-2.220
半径匹配(0.01)13.28713.505-0.218*0.121-1.810
核匹配13.28713.503-0.216*0.119-1.820
), ArticleFig(id=1241677626591473789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772187345701, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

观看短视频对中老年人心理健康的平均处理效应估计结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
匹配方法处理组控制组ATT标准误t值
最近邻匹配(1:4)13.28713.578-0.291**0.131-2.220
半径匹配(0.01)13.28713.505-0.218*0.121-1.810
核匹配13.28713.503-0.216*0.119-1.820
), ArticleFig(id=1241677626692137092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772187345701, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Heterogeneity analysis of the effects of watching short videos on mental health of middle-aged and elderly people

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
女性男性中年人老年人
自变量：短视频-0.323*(0.157)-0.114(0.142)-0.270*(0.123)-0.131(0.223)
截距16.843***(2.475)16.212***(2.335)-0.066*(10.153)15.664*(7.756)
观测值4 3844 5265 1603 750
控制变量是是是是
乡村城镇初中及以下高中及以上
自变量：短视频-0.309*(0.130)-0.056(0.176)-0.387**(0.121)0.051(0.206)
截距16.373***(2.129)18.419***(2.820)18.096***(1.904)12.212**(3.988)
观测值6 5412 3697 4411 469
控制变量是是是是
), ArticleFig(id=1241677626851520649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772187345701, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

观看短视频对中老年人心理健康影响的异质性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
女性男性中年人老年人
自变量：短视频-0.323*(0.157)-0.114(0.142)-0.270*(0.123)-0.131(0.223)
截距16.843***(2.475)16.212***(2.335)-0.066*(10.153)15.664*(7.756)
观测值4 3844 5265 1603 750
控制变量是是是是
乡村城镇初中及以下高中及以上
自变量：短视频-0.309*(0.130)-0.056(0.176)-0.387**(0.121)0.051(0.206)
截距16.373***(2.129)18.419***(2.820)18.096***(1.904)12.212**(3.988)
观测值6 5412 3697 4411 469
控制变量是是是是
), ArticleFig(id=1241677627061235851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772187345701, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Heterogeneity analysis of estimation results of average processing effect of watching short videos on mental health in middle-aged and elderly people

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
匹配方法处理组控制组ATT标准误t值
女性最近邻匹配(1:4)13.70814.137-0.430**0.196-2.190
半径匹配(0.01)13.71014.030-0.320*0.187-1.710
核匹配13.70814.060-0.352*0.180-1.950
中年人最近邻匹配(1:4)13.42213.516-0.0950.143-0.660
半径匹配(0.01)13.42213.538-0.1160.132-0.880
核匹配13.42213.572-0.1510.130-1.160
乡村最近邻匹配(1:4)13.62213.973-0.350**0.155-2.260
半径匹配(0.01)13.62413.920-0.296**0.144-2.050
核匹配13.62213.934-0.312**0.141-2.220
初中及以下最近邻匹配(1:4)13.49813.837-0.339**0.144-2.360
半径匹配(0.01)13.49813.861-0.363***0.133-2.740
核匹配13.49813.898-0.400***0.130-3.070
), ArticleFig(id=1241677627157704848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522772187345701, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

观看短视频对中老年人心理健康平均处理效应估计结果的异质性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
匹配方法处理组控制组ATT标准误t值
女性最近邻匹配(1:4)13.70814.137-0.430**0.196-2.190
半径匹配(0.01)13.71014.030-0.320*0.187-1.710
核匹配13.70814.060-0.352*0.180-1.950
中年人最近邻匹配(1:4)13.42213.516-0.0950.143-0.660
半径匹配(0.01)13.42213.538-0.1160.132-0.880
核匹配13.42213.572-0.1510.130-1.160
乡村最近邻匹配(1:4)13.62213.973-0.350**0.155-2.260
半径匹配(0.01)13.62413.920-0.296**0.144-2.050
核匹配13.62213.934-0.312**0.141-2.220
初中及以下最近邻匹配(1:4)13.49813.837-0.339**0.144-2.360
半径匹配(0.01)13.49813.861-0.363***0.133-2.740
核匹配13.49813.898-0.400***0.130-3.070
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观看短视频对我国中老年人心理健康的影响
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刘立光 1 , 王玥 2
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(1): 111-117
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(1): 111-117
观看短视频对我国中老年人心理健康的影响
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刘立光1, 王玥2
作者信息
  • 1.中共天津市委党校，天津 300191
  • 2.首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院，北京 100050

    • 刘立光（1990—），男，博士，助理研究员，研究方向：老年健康

通讯作者:

王玥，E-mail:
The influence of watching short videos on the mental health of the middleaged and elderly in China
Li-guang LIU1, Yue WANG2
Affiliations
  • Party School of Tianjin Committee of the CPC, Tianjin 300191, China
出版时间: 2024-01-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202305090
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摘要
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目的

分析观看短视频对我国中老年人心理健康的影响，为提高中老年人心理健康提供科学依据。

方法

基于2020年中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据，运用线性回归模型和倾向得分匹配法探究观看短视频对中老年人心理健康的平均处理效应。

结果

观看短视频能够显著改善中年人的心理健康水平（β=-0.217，P<0.05）；观看短视频对女性、乡村和受教育程度为初中及以下的中老年人效果更为明显（女性：β=-0.323，P<0.05；乡村：β=-0.309，P<0.05；受教育程度初中及以下：β=-0.387，P<0.01；中年人：β=-0.270，P<0.05），使用最近邻匹配、半径匹配及核匹配均通过了统计检验。

结论

观看短视频在一定程度上改善了中老年人的心理健康，应进一步提高中老年群体的互联网普及率，扩大智能手机使用培训覆盖面。重点关注女性、乡村户籍、受教育程度和收入水平较低及患有生理疾病中老年人的心理健康。

心理健康  /  观看短视频  /  中老年人  /  倾向得分匹配
Objective

To analyze the effects of watching short videos on the mental health of the middle-aged and elderly in China, to provide scientific basis for improving the mental health of the middle-aged and elderly.

Methods

Based on the data of China family panel studies (CFPS) in 2020, the linear regression model and propensity score matching method were used to explore the average effect of watching short videos on the mental health of the middle-aged and elderly.

Results

Watching short videos could significantly improve the mental health level of middle-aged people (β=-0.217, P < 0.05). Watching short videos had a more significant effect on women, rural areas, and middle-aged and elderly people with an education level of junior high school or below (women: β=-0.323, P<0.05; rural areas: β=-0.309, P<0.05; junior high school: β =-0.387, P <0.01; middle-aged people: β=-0.270, P<0.05). The nearest neighbor matching, radius matching, and kernel matching all passed statistical tests.

Conclusion

Watching short videos has to some extent improved the mental health of middle-aged and elderly people, and it is necessary to further increase the internet penetration rate of the elderly population and expand the coverage of smartphone usage training. Attention should be paid to the mental health of women, rural registered residence, middle-aged and elderly people with low education and income levels as well as physical diseases.

Mental health  /  Watching short videos  /  Middle-aged and elderly  /  Propensity score matching
刘立光, 王玥. 观看短视频对我国中老年人心理健康的影响. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (1) : 111 -117 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202305090
Li-guang LIU, Yue WANG. The influence of watching short videos on the mental health of the middleaged and elderly in China[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (1) : 111 -117 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202305090
正文
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人民健康是民族昌盛和国家富强的重要标志，健康作为人力资本的一项指标，是居民生活质量的重要保障。中国正处于快速人口老龄化时期，伴随着数字化与信息化的快速发展，数字化技术的广泛应用提升了老龄化社会治理效能，同时也引发了老年数字鸿沟问题，人口老龄化进程面临着前所未有的机遇和挑战[1-2]。第52次《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》显示，截至2023年6月，我国短视频用户规模达10.26亿，50岁及以上网民群体占比由2021年12月的26.80%提升至29.90%，互联网进一步向中老年群体渗透[3]。在数字时代，提高老年人的数字融入是提升老年人心理健康和实现积极老龄化的重要途径[4]。互联网使用对中老年人健康的影响备受关注[5-8]。已有研究表明，互联网使用对老年人身心健康具有明显的提升作用[9-11]，会降低老年人抑郁水平[12]。与主观健康相比，使用智能手机对老年人心理健康方面的作用更加突出[13]。伴随着中老年群体短视频用户的不断增加，仅用是否使用互联网变量表征老年人上网过于宏观[14]，通过是否观看短视频考察互联网对中老年人心理健康的影响是一个较为新颖的方向。社交媒体的使用可以通过增加与他人互动，减少社会隔离和接收外界信息，对老年健康产生积极影响[15]。有研究显示观看短视频会显著增加青年人的抑郁风险[16-17]，过度使用短视频APP（如每天使用超过2 h）可能会降低中老年人的社会适应、与家人和原有朋友的交流频率[18]。本研究的主要问题是：观看短视频是否会影响中老年人心理健康及其影响机制？
国内外学者对观看短视频和老年人之间的关系进行了丰富的研究，但少有文献考虑中年人有很大一部分是空巢群体[19]。处于该年龄段的群体拥有一个健康的身体和心理，对未来的生活和家庭减负具有重要的意义，该群体的健康状况值得关注。基于此，本研究使用中国家庭追踪调查2020年数据，运用线性回归模型和倾向得分匹配法，试图探索观看短视频对我国中老年人心理健康的影响机制，为我国改善中老年人健康状况提供实证参考依据。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　资料来源
本研究所使用数据主要来源于北京大学中国社会科学调查中心公布的2020年中国家庭追踪调查数据（China Family Panel Studies, CFPS）。该数据采用了分层多阶段随机抽样方法（probability proportionate to size, PPS），其基线样本覆盖了25个省（直辖市、自治区），涉及社区、家庭、成年人和儿童四个层面的数据，对全国人口具有95%的代表性。特别是2020年数据包含观看短视频等相关变量，与研究主题高度契合。由于本文的研究对象是中老年人（45周岁及以上人群），在剔除相关变量部分缺失值后，最终得到有效样本8 929个。
1.2　变量选取
1.2.1　被解释变量。选取心理健康作为被解释变量。中老年人心理健康的评价采用CES-D量表的测算值表示，访问受访者在过去一周内各种感受或行为的发生频率，对应的八道题目为：我感到情绪低落；我觉得做任何事都很费劲；我的睡眠不好；我感到愉快；我感到孤独；我生活快乐；我感到悲伤难过；我觉得生活无法继续。赋值均为“几乎没有（不到1 d）=1，有些时候（1～2 d）=2，经常有（3～4 d）=3，大多数时候有（5～7 d）=4”。把第4、6题目进行反向赋值并加总计算，得到心理健康指数，这个变量值越高说明中老年人心理健康水平越差。
1.2.2　核心解释变量。选取“是否观看短视频”作为核心解释变量。根据问卷内容，首先需要确定中老年人是否使用移动设备上网，然后根据问卷题项“过去一周，您是否看过短视频或直播类网络平台节目（包括观看小火山、抖音、快手、微视、斗鱼等？”，把两个题项合并成一项得到“是否观看短视频”变量（是=1，否=0）。
1.2.3　控制变量。选取中老年人社会人口学特征包括性别、年龄、年龄平方、户籍性质、受教育程度、婚姻状态、个人月收入（取对数）；生活特征包括是否日常锻炼、是否抽烟、是否喝酒；身体特征包括有无慢性病、过去一年是否因病住院作为控制变量。
1.3　统计学方法
采用Stata17.0进行数据处理和统计学分析。计量资料用（均数±标准差）进行表示，计数资料如性别、年龄、户籍性质等变量用例数（百分比）表示，单因素分析中采用χ2检验对计数资料进行多组间比较。采用线性回归模型分析中老年人观看短视频对心理健康的影响，检验水准α=0.05。由于观看短视频与心理健康水平之间可能存在双向因果关系，本研究进一步使用倾向得分匹配法来解决内生性问题，从而得到观看短视频对中老年人心理健康影响的平均处理效应。
2　结果
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2.1　调查对象基本情况
表1为本文选取变量的描述性统计结果。调查对象中，男性4 537人（50.81%），女性4 392人（49.19%）；45～59岁中年人口5 168人（57.88%），老年人口3 761人（42.12%）。乡村中老年人为6 543人（73.41%）；受教育程度为小学及以下的占56.00%；接近九成中老年人有配偶，为89.52%；过去一年每周锻炼2次以上的，占29.29%，过去一个月每周喝酒3次及以上的中老年人占比15.71%；不吸烟的超过7成，为70.75%；有慢性病的中老年人占比22.24%；过去一年因病住院的中老年人占比14.06%。
2.2　中老年人心理健康状况单因素分析
把中老年群体分为观看和不观看短视频两个群体，发现在过去一周观看过短视频或直播类网络平台节目的中、老年人分别占比为41.41%（2 140人）和12.82%（482人），观看过短视频的中老年人心理健康水平更高。经单因素分析显示，不同性别、户籍性质、受教育程度、婚姻状况、个人月收入水平、日常锻炼频率、是否抽烟喝酒、有无慢性病和过去一年是否因病住院的中老年人心理健康状况有统计学意义（P<0.001）。见表2。
2.3　观看短视频对中老年人心理健康影响的回归分析
由于心理健康为连续变量，使用线性回归模型分析观看短视频对中老年人心理健康的影响。本研究建立了4个模型：模型1～4分别为加入核心解释变量和社会人口学特征变量、生活特征变量、身体特征变量及全部控制变量的模型统计结果。见表3。
模型1～4结果显示，观看短视频会提升中老年人心理健康水平（β=-0.239，P<0.05；β=-0.436，P<0.001；β=-0.472，P<0.001；β=-0.217，P<0.05）。控制变量中，与中老年女性相比，观看短视频对中老年男性的心理健康影响更高；与未婚状态相比，观看短视频对在婚状态的中老年人心理健康影响更高；受教育程度方面，与小学及以下受教育程度相比，观看短视频对初中学历的中老年人心理健康影响更高，其次是高中及以上受教育程度的中老年人；收入水平越高的中老年人观看短视频对其心理健康的影响越明显。日常经常锻炼、有抽烟喝酒习惯的中老年人观看短视频对心理健康水平的影响更高。没有慢性病和过去一年没有因病住院的中老年人观看短视频对心理健康水平的影响更高。模型4与模型1～3不同的结果在于居住在城镇的中老年人观看短视频对心理健康的影响更明显，喝酒变量结果弱显著，抽烟变量系数符号由负转正，说明不良生活习惯确实会影响人们的心理健康。
2.4　观看短视频对中老年人心理健康影响的PSM模型分析
考虑到观看短视频人群和没有观看短视频人群的初始条件不完全相同，比如观看短视频的人群可能是受教育程度更高、城镇户籍、收入水平更高等因素导致的，从而导致中老年人心理健康的差异性，故中老年人心理健康的回归结果存在选择性偏差问题。同时也考虑到对工具变量是否满足严格外生性可能存有疑惑，本研究采用倾向值匹配方法（PSM）鉴别观看短视频与中老年人心理健康之间的因果关系，来解决因选择性偏误而导致的内生性问题。
以中老年人的心理健康为被解释变量，采用K（1:4）近邻匹配方法对中老年人的匹配结果显示，回归结果拟合较好［LR chi2（12）=1 951.71，P<0.001，Pseudo R2=0.181 0］。由图1平衡性检验结果可知，在K（1:4）近邻匹配发生之后，控制变量的标准化偏差较匹配前明显减小，除户籍性质和收入取对数变量绝对值小于10%，其余变量绝对值均小于5%，满足平衡性假设条件，匹配后的两组样本消除了个体特征差异，匹配效果较好。半径匹配和核匹配与K（1:4）近邻匹配的匹配效果类似。
从PSM估计结果看，在不同的匹配方式下，观看短视频能使中老年人心理健康水平提升21.6～29.1%（P<0.1）。t绝对值分别为2.22、1.81和1.82。这与前面模型估计结果较为一致，PSM估计表明实证结论没有受到变量内生性的影响。见表4。
2.5　观看短视频对中老年人心理健康影响的异质性分析
由于中老年人的心理健康可能因性别、年龄、城乡和受教育程度而异，因此，本研究进一步划分子样本，考察观看短视频对中老年人心理健康的异质性影响。见表5。
将中老年人划分为四个群体进行性别、年龄、城乡、受教育程度的异质性分析。我们发现，观看短视频对女性、中年人、乡村户籍和受教育程度在初中及以下居民的心理健康影响更明显。进一步，我们把异质性检验显著的子样本进行PSM内生性分析，结果显示除中年人群体外均通过了最近邻匹配、半径匹配及核匹配的检验。见表6。
3　讨论
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3.1　观看短视频对中老年人心理健康具有一定的促进作用
本研究显示，观看短视频对中老年人心理健康具有一定的促进作用，但该作用限于受教育程度在初中及以下，户籍性质为乡村的中年女性。在60岁及以上的老年人中作用并不明显，有可能因为老年人使用互联网手机的比例较低。靳永爱等[15]的研究可为该判断提供部分证据，她们的研究中50～59岁样本占比为56.3%，60岁及以上样本占比为43.7%。但50～59岁中年人使用短视频的比例为70.0%，而60～69岁和70岁及以上老年人使用短视频的比例分别仅为21.4%和8.6%。短视频作为新媒体有接入沟、使用沟和素养沟三层维度[20]。中年群体与老年群体相比，体现在两方面优势：一是中年群体未到退休年龄，每月有稳定的收入，购买智能手机经济压力较小；二是他们的平均受教育程度高，学习和使用新媒体的速度快于老年人，所以中年群体在接入沟和使用沟维度能有效弥补数字鸿沟。与靳永爱等研究不一致的原因可能有：一是60岁及以上老年人观看短视频的比例较低；二是靳永爱等研究中并未把中年人和老年人分开进行异质性研究，而是糅合在一起进行的模型检验。生活在城镇的居民平均受教育程度较高，公共服务可及性和均等化水平教高，可以通过多种途径释放心理压力。相比之下，抖音、火山等小视频凭借“短、平、快”的技术特征在乡村的受众更多，改变了很多乡村居民的生活娱乐消遣方式，并且生活在城市的工薪阶层能在观看乡村生活短视频中暂时逃离现实生活的压力。粉丝的增长和被点赞都会进一步鼓励更多乡村中年群体，尤其是女性加入到拍摄短视频的行列中来，这都会改善她们的心理健康状况。
3.2　生活习惯和身体特征对中老年人的心理健康有重要影响
本研究显示，良好的生活习惯和身体特征对中老年人心理健康有重要影响。加强日常身体锻炼，不仅能增强体魄，更重要的是在与家人朋友一起健身的过程中交流日常生活从而减轻压力。抽烟对身心健康都有害，与前人的研究结果保持一致[21]。有研究发现喝酒的老年人从侧面反映出其身体健康较好[22]，本研究也有同样的发现。从身体特征来看，没有慢性病和住院经历的中老年人心理健康水平更高，说明身体健康是心理健康的基础和载体，心理健康是身体健康的重要表征，改善中老年人心理健康还是要以提升身体健康为抓手。
3.3　积极探索新路径来提升中老年人的心理健康水平
“万物皆可抖音”目前适用于农村受教育程度较低的中年女性，研究未发现观看短视频会改善所有老年人的心理健康，尤其是生活在城镇、受教育程度较高的男性。在国家大力推行“互联网+”养老和智慧养老的背景下，一方面要有效解决中老年人数字鸿沟存在的接入沟、使用沟和素养沟问题；另一方面，目前互联网传播中存在诸多风险，农村尤其是受教育程度较低的人鉴别能力有限，可能存在被欺诈的风险。随着中老年人生活水平和平均受教育年限越来越高，对高品质生活的追求也会更加精细化，应该提供多种途径满足中老年人精神发展的需求，如积极开展文化娱乐、体育休闲和聚会社交等活动，从而改善其心理健康状况。
基金
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  • 国家社会科学基金资助项目(17BRK031)
  • 中共天津市委党校2022年度青年马克思主义者培育项目(22QMWT07)
文献
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2024年第51卷第1期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202305090
  • 接收时间：2023-05-09
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2024-01-10
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  • 收稿日期：2023-05-09
基金
国家社会科学基金资助项目(17BRK031)
中共天津市委党校2022年度青年马克思主义者培育项目(22QMWT07)
作者信息
    1.中共天津市委党校，天津 300191
    2.首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院，北京 100050

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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