Article(id=1241522771411399447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522764012647140, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202305124, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1683648000000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773931695082, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1704816000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773931695082, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773931695082, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931695082, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241522764012647140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773931693318, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931808852, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241523248643494379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522764012647140, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241523248643494380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522764012647140, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=99, endPage=104, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241522772204122918, articleId=1241522771411399447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis on the supply equity of child health services in 31 provinces and cities of China from 2010 to 2020, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the basic situation and supply equity of child health services in 31 provinces and cities in China from 2010 to 2020.

Methods

The relevant data of economic level and child health care of 31 provinces and cities from 2010 to 2020 in China Statistical Yearbook, China Health Statistical Yearbook, and China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook published by the National Bureau of Statistics and the National Health Commission were retrospectively analyzed, and the concentration index(CI) was used to evaluate the supply equity of child health services in 31 provinces and cities in China. The cluster analysis was performed to investigate the child health care services in various provinces and cities in 2020.

Results

In the child health care service projects of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2010 to 2020, the neonatal visit rate and the systematic management rate of children under three years old showed an overall upward trend (χ2trend = 7.602, P=0.006; χ2trend = 8.233, P=0.004). Perinatal mortality decreased year by year (χ2trend = 9.493, P=0.002) but fluctuated slightly in 2016 and 2020. The perinatal mortality rate was the highest in the western region, and the level of child health care service in the central region was lower than the average, but the gap between regions was decreasing. The CIs of neonatal visit rate and systematic management rate of children under three years old were 0.003-0.035 and 0.004-0.065, respectively. The utilization of child health services was mainly distributed in provinces and cities with high economic level, and the CI of perinatal mortality ranged from -0.080 to -0.125. Among them, the unfairness of perinatal mortality was the highest and there was no significant improvement. The results of cluster analysis showed that except for Qinghai, Xinjiang, Anhui, Hainan, Henan, and Xizang, the similarities and differences in the utilization of child health services in other provinces and cities could be classified into similar categories.

Conclusion

The level of child health service and the fairness of service utilization in 31 provinces and cities in China have improved steadily in the past 20 years, which may be affected by the second-child policy and COVID-19. It is suggested that we continue to pay attention to perinatal mortality and give priority to improving the level of child health services in Qinghai, Xinjiang, Anhui, Hainan, Henan, and Xizang.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ji WU, Rui-hong XIA, Chen WANG, De-ying MA, Shu-yang QIAN, Chun-ming JIANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241522775475680110, articleId=1241522771411399447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=中国31省市2010—2020年儿童保健服务的供给公平性分析, columnId=1228016568014139551, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=卫生政策与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析中国31省市2010—2020年儿童保健服务的基本情况和供给公平性状况。

方法

对国家统计局和国家卫生健康委员会公布的《中国统计年鉴》、《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》和《中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》中2010—2020年31省市经济水平、儿童保健情况的相关数据进行回顾性分析,采用集中指数(CI)来评价中国31省市儿童保健服务的供给公平性,并对2020年各省市的儿童保健服务情况进行聚类分析。

结果

2010—2020年中国31省市儿童保健服务项目中新生儿访视率、三岁以下儿童系统管理率总体呈上升趋势(χ2趋势=7.602,P=0.006;χ2趋势=8.233,P=0.004),围产儿死亡率逐年降低(χ2趋势=9.493,P=0.002),但在2016和2020年有小幅波动;西部地区围产儿死亡率最高,中部地区儿童保健服务水平低于平均水平,但地区间差距不断减小;新生儿访视率、三岁以下儿童系统管理率的CI分别位于0.003~0.035和0.004~0.065,儿童保健服务利用集中分布于经济水平高的省市,围产儿死亡率的CI位于-0.080~-0.125,其中围产儿死亡率的不公平性最高且未有显著改善;聚类分析结果显示,除青海、新疆、安徽、海南、河南、西藏6个省(自治区)外,其他省市在儿童保健服务利用方面的相似性和差异性均可被归为相近的一类。

结论

过去20年间中国31省市儿童保健服务水平和服务利用公平性稳步提升,可能受到了二孩政策和新型冠状病毒肺炎等事件影响;建议继续关注围产儿死亡率,优先提高青海、新疆、安徽、海南、河南、西藏6个省(自治区)的儿童保健服务水平。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
蒋春明,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=X6Go1+vqCz6YVe2Va3wf7w==, magXml=u8b0SfMbbbhznpNblfx9Hg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Kp3D51c6RjRjBTvdZBPjUw==, pdfFileSize=1564304, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=RBlKH+FTSE4NdVkMSnlcgA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=s+mCQlUoLBzr+R++VolNBg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

吴际(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:儿童保健

, authorsList=吴际, 夏瑞宏, 汪晨, 马德英, 钱书阳, 蒋春明)}, authors=[Author(id=1241677608652435922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241677608748904920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, authorId=1241677608652435922, language=EN, stringName=Ji WU, firstName=Ji, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241677608824402397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, authorId=1241677608652435922, language=CN, stringName=吴际, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.浙江中医药大学第四临床医学院,浙江 杭州 310053, bio={"content":"

吴际(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:儿童保健

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

吴际(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:儿童保健

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241677608388194750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241677608396583360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, companyId=1241677608388194750, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241677608400777665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, companyId=1241677608388194750, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.浙江中医药大学第四临床医学院,浙江 杭州 310053)])]), Author(id=1241677608933454307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241677609126392302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, authorId=1241677608933454307, language=EN, stringName=Rui-hong XIA, firstName=Rui-hong, middleName=null, lastName=XIA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241677609281581552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, authorId=1241677608933454307, language=CN, stringName=夏瑞宏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.浙江中医药大学第二临床医学院, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241677608480469444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241677608484663750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, companyId=1241677608480469444, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.浙江中医药大学第二临床医学院)])]), Author(id=1241677609382244858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241677609466130943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, authorId=1241677609382244858, language=EN, stringName=Chen WANG, firstName=Chen, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241677609566794245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, authorId=1241677609382244858, language=CN, stringName=汪晨, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.浙江中医药大学第四临床医学院,浙江 杭州 310053, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241677608388194750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241677608396583360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, companyId=1241677608388194750, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241677608400777665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, companyId=1241677608388194750, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.浙江中医药大学第四临床医学院,浙江 杭州 310053)])]), Author(id=1241677609659068939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241677609784898067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, authorId=1241677609659068939, language=EN, stringName=De-ying MA, firstName=De-ying, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241677609860395542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, authorId=1241677609659068939, language=CN, stringName=马德英, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.浙江中医药大学第四临床医学院,浙江 杭州 310053, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241677608388194750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241677608396583360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, companyId=1241677608388194750, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241677608400777665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, companyId=1241677608388194750, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.浙江中医药大学第四临床医学院,浙江 杭州 310053)])]), Author(id=1241677609986224668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241677610128831013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, authorId=1241677609986224668, language=EN, stringName=Shu-yang QIAN, firstName=Shu-yang, middleName=null, lastName=QIAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241677610216911397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, authorId=1241677609986224668, language=CN, stringName=钱书阳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.浙江中医药大学第四临床医学院,浙江 杭州 310053, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241677608388194750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241677608396583360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, companyId=1241677608388194750, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241677608400777665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, companyId=1241677608388194750, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.浙江中医药大学第四临床医学院,浙江 杭州 310053)])]), Author(id=1241677610351129134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=cm_jiang@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241677610439209524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, authorId=1241677610351129134, language=EN, stringName=Chun-ming JIANG, firstName=Chun-ming, middleName=null, lastName=JIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241677611995296315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, authorId=1241677610351129134, language=CN, stringName=蒋春明, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.西湖大学医学院附属杭州市第一人民医院儿科,浙江 杭州 310003, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241677608560161227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241677608564355531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, companyId=1241677608560161227, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.西湖大学医学院附属杭州市第一人民医院儿科,浙江 杭州 310003)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1241677612368589387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Child health service), Keyword(id=1241677612465058382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Concentration index), Keyword(id=1241677612590887507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Fairness), Keyword(id=1241677612725105240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Cluster analysis), Keyword(id=1241677612821574235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=Two-child policy), Keyword(id=1241677612922237536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=COVID-19), Keyword(id=1241677613039678056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=儿童保健服务), Keyword(id=1241677613148729964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=集中指数), Keyword(id=1241677613249393268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=公平性), Keyword(id=1241677613345862264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=聚类分析), Keyword(id=1241677613429748349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=二孩政策)], refs=[Reference(id=1241677614897754825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=新华社, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=新华社.中共中央国务院印发《“健康中国2030”规划纲要[EB/OL].[2023-12-04]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2016-10/25/content_5124174.htm., articleTitle=中共中央国务院印发《“健康中国2030”规划纲要, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677616499978963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=The Xinhua News Agency, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=The Xinhua News Agency. The CPC Central Committee and The State Council issued the Outline of the“Healthy China 2030” Plan[EB/OL].[2023-12-04]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2016-10/25/content_5124174.htm., articleTitle=The CPC Central Committee and The State Council issued the Outline of the“Healthy China 2030” Plan, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677616642585306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=216, issue=null, pageStart=252, pageEnd=254, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Jiao WY, Li R, Guo H, journalName=Jornal de Pediatria, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jiao WY, Li R, Guo H, et al. Current and future perspectives of child's health care in China[J]. Jornal de Pediatria, 2020, 216: 252-254., articleTitle=Current and future perspectives of child's health care in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677616789385954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=24, issue=28, pageStart=3571, pageEnd=3577, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=王晰, 殷涛, 杨慧敏, journalName=中国全科医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王晰,殷涛,杨慧敏,等.城市社区卫生服务中心儿童健康服务能力现状研究[J].中国全科医学202124(28):3571-3577., articleTitle=城市社区卫生服务中心儿童健康服务能力现状研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677616894243563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=24, issue=28, pageStart=3571, pageEnd=3577, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Wang X, Yin T, Yang HM, journalName=Chinese General Practice, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang X, Yin T, Yang HM, et al. Capability of community health centers in cities to provide childcare services[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2021, 24(28): 3571-3577., articleTitle=Capability of community health centers in cities to provide childcare services, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677617003295473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=48, issue=4, pageStart=667, pageEnd=671, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=郭亮, 张仁德, journalName=现代预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭亮, 张仁德.2018年河南省妇幼保健机构服务能力初步分析[J].现代预防医学202148(4):667-671., articleTitle=2018年河南省妇幼保健机构服务能力初步分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677617150096120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=48, issue=4, pageStart=667, pageEnd=671, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Guo L, Zhang RD, journalName=Modern Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo L, Zhang RD. Preliminary analysis on service capability of maternal and child health care institutions in Henan Province in 2018[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2021, 48(4): 667-671., articleTitle=Preliminary analysis on service capability of maternal and child health care institutions in Henan Province in 2018, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677617309479679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=26, issue=1, pageStart=27, pageEnd=33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=7, authorNames=李红娟, 任静林, journalName=中国全科医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李红娟, 任静林.中国3岁以下儿童系统管理的纵向变动与横向差异[J].中国全科医学202326(1):27-33., articleTitle=中国3岁以下儿童系统管理的纵向变动与横向差异, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677617418531587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=26, issue=1, pageStart=27, pageEnd=33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Li HJ, Ren JL, journalName=Chinese General Practice, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li HJ, Ren JL. Systematic health management for children under three years old in China: temporal changes and regional differences[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(1): 27-33., articleTitle=Systematic health management for children under three years old in China: temporal changes and regional differences, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677617548555016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=34, issue=4, pageStart=301, pageEnd=306, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=9, authorNames=庄严, 朱思雨, 叶欣欣, journalName=中国生育健康杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=庄严,朱思雨,叶欣欣,等.2010-2020年中国31个省妇幼保健质量综合评价及地区差异分析[J].中国生育健康杂志202334(4):301-306., articleTitle=2010-2020年中国31个省妇幼保健质量综合评价及地区差异分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677617682772751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=34, issue=4, pageStart=301, pageEnd=306, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Zhuang Y, Zhu SY, Ye XX, journalName=Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhuang Y, Zhu SY, Ye XX, et al. Analysis on the quality of maternal and child health care and regional differences in 31 provinces of China from 2010 to 2020[J]. Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health, 2023, 34(4):301-306., articleTitle=Analysis on the quality of maternal and child health care and regional differences in 31 provinces of China from 2010 to 2020, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677617821184794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1980, volume=null, issue=32, pageStart=5, pageEnd=338, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Breslow NE, Day NE, journalName=IARC Scientific Publications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical methods in cancer research. Volume I - The analysis of case-control studies[J]. IARC Scientific Publications, 1980, (32): 5-338., articleTitle=Statistical methods in cancer research. Volume I - The analysis of case-control studies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677617972179747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=50, issue=17, pageStart=3139, pageEnd=3144, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=12, authorNames=胡敏, 张玉, 刘柳, journalName=现代预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡敏,张玉,刘柳,等.2012-2021年柳州市早产发生率变化趋势及影响因素分析[J].现代预防医学202350(17):3139-3144., articleTitle=2012-2021年柳州市早产发生率变化趋势及影响因素分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677618173506350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=50, issue=17, pageStart=3139, pageEnd=3144, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Hu M, Zhang Y, Liu L, journalName=Modern Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu M, Zhang Y, Liu L, et al. Analysis on the changing trend and influencing factors of preterm delivery in Liuzhou city from 2012 to 2021[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2023, 50(17): 3139-3144., articleTitle=Analysis on the changing trend and influencing factors of preterm delivery in Liuzhou city from 2012 to 2021, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677618290946875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1991, volume=33, issue=5, pageStart=545, pageEnd=557, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Wagstaff A, Paci P, Van doorslaer E, journalName=Social Science & Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wagstaff A, Paci P, Van doorslaer E.On the measurement of inequalities in health[J]. Social Science & Medicine, 1991, 33(5): 545-557., articleTitle=On the measurement of inequalities in health, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677618370638655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=16, issue=1, pageStart=112, pageEnd=138, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=15, authorNames=O'donnell O, O'Neill S, Van Ourti T, journalName=Stata Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=O'donnell O, O'Neill S, Van Ourti T, et al. Conindex: estimation of concentration indices[J]. Stata Journal, 2016, 16(1): 112-138., articleTitle=Conindex: estimation of concentration indices, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677618576159558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=19, issue=1, pageStart=48, pageEnd=61, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=16, authorNames=孙吉贵, 刘杰, 赵连宇, journalName=软件学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙吉贵, 刘杰, 赵连宇.聚类算法研究[J].软件学报200819(1):48-61., articleTitle=聚类算法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677618693600077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=19, issue=1, pageStart=48, pageEnd=61, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Sun JG, Liu J, Zhao LY, journalName=Journal of Software, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun JG, Liu J, Zhao LY. Clustering algorithms research[J]. Journal of Software, 2008, 19(1): 48-61., articleTitle=Clustering algorithms research, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677618777486165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=18, authorNames=陈菲, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈菲.基于全民健康覆盖的基本公共卫生公平研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2020., articleTitle=基于全民健康覆盖的基本公共卫生公平研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677618932675426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Chen F, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen F. Study on the equality of essential public health in the Perspective of Universal health coverage[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2020., articleTitle=Study on the equality of essential public health in the Perspective of Universal health coverage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677619045921641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=36, pageEnd=43, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=20, authorNames=严旭, journalName=理论研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=严旭.马克思主义政治哲学视域下中国国家治理现代化现状、问题及提升路径[J].理论研究2020,(2):36-43., articleTitle=马克思主义政治哲学视域下中国国家治理现代化现状、问题及提升路径, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677619184333689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=36, pageEnd=43, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Yan X, journalName=Theoretical Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yan X. Modernization of National governance in light of Marx's political philosophy: current situation, problems and solutions[J]. Theoretical Research, 2020, (2): 36-43., articleTitle=Modernization of National governance in light of Marx's political philosophy: current situation, problems and solutions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677619322745732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=35, issue=10, pageStart=59, pageEnd=64, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=22, authorNames=臧慧, 何晨, 卫荣宁, journalName=卫生软科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=臧慧,何晨,卫荣宁,等.基于集聚度的我国卫生资源配置合理性分析[J].卫生软科学202135(10):59-64., articleTitle=基于集聚度的我国卫生资源配置合理性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677620908192656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=35, issue=10, pageStart=59, pageEnd=64, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Zang H, He C, Wei RN, journalName=Soft Science of Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zang H, He C, Wei RN, et al. Analysis on the rationality of health resource allocation based on agglomeration degree in China[J]. Soft Science of Health, 2021, 35(10): 59-64., articleTitle=Analysis on the rationality of health resource allocation based on agglomeration degree in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677621067576217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=16, issue=8, pageStart=31, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=24, authorNames=刘诗婷, 应晓华, journalName=中国卫生政策研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘诗婷, 应晓华.我国围产儿省际健康公平性研究[J].中国卫生政策研究202316(8):31-39., articleTitle=我国围产儿省际健康公平性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677621210182564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=16, issue=8, pageStart=31, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Liu ST, Ying XH, journalName=Chinese Journal of Health Policy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu ST, Ying XH. Study on the interprovincial health Equity in perinatal infants in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Policy, 2023, 16(8): 31-39., articleTitle=Study on the interprovincial health Equity in perinatal infants in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677621310845870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=26, authorNames=邵天泰, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邵天泰.安徽省儿童保健系统资源配置现状评价与对策建议研究[D].合肥:安徽医科大学,2021., articleTitle=安徽省儿童保健系统资源配置现状评价与对策建议研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677621445063612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Shao TT, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shao TT. Research on evaluation and countermeasures of resource allocation status of Anhui children's health care system[D]. Hefei: Anhui Medical University, 2021., articleTitle=Research on evaluation and countermeasures of resource allocation status of Anhui children's health care system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677621537338308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=9, issue=6, pageStart=e759, pageEnd=e772, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Chmielewska B, Barratt I, Townsend R, journalName=LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chmielewska B, Barratt I, Townsend R, et al. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH,2021, 9(6): e759-e772., articleTitle=Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677621650584529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=385, issue=10, pageStart=868, pageEnd=870, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Werner RM, Glied SA, journalName=New England Journal of Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Werner RM, Glied SA. Covid-Induced changes in health care delivery-can they last?[J]. New England Journal of Medicine, 2021,385(10): 868-870., articleTitle=Covid-Induced changes in health care delivery-can they last?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677621780607965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=28, issue=7, pageStart=866, pageEnd=869, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=30, authorNames=陈少稚, journalName=中国优生与遗传杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈少稚.2009-2019年绍兴市围产儿死亡监测分析[J].中国优生与遗传杂志202028(7):866-869., articleTitle=2009-2019年绍兴市围产儿死亡监测分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677621902242788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=28, issue=7, pageStart=866, pageEnd=869, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Chen SZ, journalName=Chinese Journal of Birth Health & Heredity, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen SZ. Surveillance analysis of perinatal mortality in Shaoxing city, from 2009 to 2019[J]. Chinese Journal of Birth Health & Heredity, 2020, 28(7):866-869., articleTitle=Surveillance analysis of perinatal mortality in Shaoxing city, from 2009 to 2019, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241677622053237745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=16, issue=16, pageStart=2880, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Zhao YR, Lin JF, Shang XP, journalName=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao YR, Lin JF, Shang XP, et al. Impact of the Universal Two-Child policy on the workload of Community-Based basic public health services in Zhejiang province, China[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019, 16(16): 2880., articleTitle=Impact of the Universal Two-Child policy on the workload of Community-Based basic public health services in Zhejiang province, China, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241677608388194750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241677608396583360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, companyId=1241677608388194750, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241677608400777665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, companyId=1241677608388194750, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.浙江中医药大学第四临床医学院,浙江 杭州 310053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241677608480469444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241677608484663750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, companyId=1241677608480469444, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.浙江中医药大学第二临床医学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241677608560161227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241677608564355531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, companyId=1241677608560161227, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.西湖大学医学院附属杭州市第一人民医院儿科,浙江 杭州 310003)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241677613731738253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Child health services situation from 2010 to 2020, figureFileSmall=yUU5knaegj2xdMZQtwqcTA==, figureFileBig=tJyUCIdG5wcFUhfY9cpBSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241677613886927509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2010—2020年儿童保健服务情况, figureFileSmall=yUU5knaegj2xdMZQtwqcTA==, figureFileBig=tJyUCIdG5wcFUhfY9cpBSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241677614050505369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Concentration index (CI) for child health services from 2010 to 2020, figureFileSmall=VCIktUb8fHAELpv/+ERX8g==, figureFileBig=pD1ifK2C0dQlDTz5PiXNEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241677614272803489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2010 —2020年儿童保健服务的集中指数(CI), figureFileSmall=VCIktUb8fHAELpv/+ERX8g==, figureFileBig=pD1ifK2C0dQlDTz5PiXNEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241677614398632613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Dendrogram of cluster analysis of child health care services in 31 provinces of China in 2020, figureFileSmall=KznTjfW0DutiKE2iUD3BZw==, figureFileBig=Q4CheXMKLUxBEem3vxgC4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241677614486713003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2020年中国31省市儿童保健服务的聚类分析树状图, figureFileSmall=KznTjfW0DutiKE2iUD3BZw==, figureFileBig=Q4CheXMKLUxBEem3vxgC4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241677614591570615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Trend Chi-squared test results of child health services from 2010 to 2020

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区评价指标χ2P-trend值
总计新生儿访视率7.6020.006
围产儿死亡率9.4930.002
三岁以下儿童系统管理率8.2330.004
东部新生儿访视率0.1100.740
围产儿死亡率9.3600.002
三岁以下儿童系统管理率2.2120.137
中部新生儿访视率8.7570.003
围产儿死亡率9.2420.002
三岁以下儿童系统管理率8.5440.003
西部新生儿访视率3.6360.057
围产儿死亡率9.6980.002
三岁以下儿童系统管理率7.7800.005
), ArticleFig(id=1241677614671262394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522771411399447, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2010—2020年儿童保健服务趋势检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区评价指标χ2P-trend值
总计新生儿访视率7.6020.006
围产儿死亡率9.4930.002
三岁以下儿童系统管理率8.2330.004
东部新生儿访视率0.1100.740
围产儿死亡率9.3600.002
三岁以下儿童系统管理率2.2120.137
中部新生儿访视率8.7570.003
围产儿死亡率9.2420.002
三岁以下儿童系统管理率8.5440.003
西部新生儿访视率3.6360.057
围产儿死亡率9.6980.002
三岁以下儿童系统管理率7.7800.005
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1227664546253402114, delFlag=0, nameCn=现代预防医学, nameEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1003-8507, eissn=null, cn=51-1365/R, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1770627636734, updatedTime=1770628902248, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=M, firstLetterEn=M, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, picEn=/9iTl8/ndms4tBz1fL28Pg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1227669854342280188, language=CN, name=现代预防医学, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770628902278, updatedTime=1770628902278, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/regist, submissionEditorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionReviewUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1227669854396806141, language=EN, name=Modern Preventive Medicine, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770628902291, updatedTime=1770628902291, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/regist, submissionEditorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionReviewUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1227665162245664772, websiteList=[Website(id=1227687234141352800, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1227665162245664772, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN, language=CN, createTime=1770633045945, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770633090526, updateBy=18614031015, name=现代预防医学-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=现代预防医学, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1227687735088051072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770633165380, updateTime=1770633165380, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735071273853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770633165376, updateTime=1770633165376, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735113216899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165386, updateTime=1770633165386, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735062885244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/file/pic?fileId=/XB5plC0xuykmQnycvtyrw==, createTime=1770633165374, updateTime=1770633165374, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735125799813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165389, updateTime=1770633165389, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735083856767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/file/pic, createTime=1770633165379, updateTime=1770633165379, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735121605508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165388, updateTime=1770633165388, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735079662462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1770633165378, updateTime=1770633165378, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735096439681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770633165382, updateTime=1770633165382, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735104828290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770633165384, updateTime=1770633165384, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1227687234338485094, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1227665162245664772, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN, language=EN, createTime=1770633045992, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770633115374, updateBy=18614031015, name=现代预防医学-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Modern Preventive Medicine, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1227687709129507332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770633159191, updateTime=1770633159191, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709108535809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770633159186, updateTime=1770633159186, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709167256071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159200, updateTime=1770633159200, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709095952896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/file/pic?fileId=/XB5plC0xuykmQnycvtyrw==, createTime=1770633159183, updateTime=1770633159183, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709179838985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159203, updateTime=1770633159203, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709121118723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/file/pic, createTime=1770633159189, updateTime=1770633159189, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709171450376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159201, updateTime=1770633159201, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709112730114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1770633159187, updateTime=1770633159187, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709133701637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770633159192, updateTime=1770633159192, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709154673158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770633159197, updateTime=1770633159197, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=现代预防医学, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, journalPhotoCn=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, journalPhotoEn=/9iTl8/ndms4tBz1fL28Pg==, journalFirstLetter=M, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202305124, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202305124, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/PDF/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202305124, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/PDF/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202305124, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
中国31省市2010—2020年儿童保健服务的供给公平性分析
收藏切换
PDF下载
吴际 1 , 夏瑞宏 2 , 汪晨 1 , 马德英 1 , 钱书阳 1 , 蒋春明 3
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2024,51(1): 99-104
收起
收藏切换
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2024, 51(1): 99-104
中国31省市2010—2020年儿童保健服务的供给公平性分析
全屏
吴际1, 夏瑞宏2, 汪晨1, 马德英1, 钱书阳1, 蒋春明3
作者信息
  • 1.浙江中医药大学第四临床医学院,浙江 杭州 310053
  • 2.浙江中医药大学第二临床医学院
  • 3.西湖大学医学院附属杭州市第一人民医院儿科,浙江 杭州 310003
  • 吴际(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:儿童保健

通讯作者:

蒋春明,E-mail:
Analysis on the supply equity of child health services in 31 provinces and cities of China from 2010 to 2020
Ji WU1, Rui-hong XIA2, Chen WANG1, De-ying MA1, Shu-yang QIAN1, Chun-ming JIANG3
Affiliations
  • The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
出版时间: 2024-01-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202305124
文章导航
收藏切换
目的

分析中国31省市2010—2020年儿童保健服务的基本情况和供给公平性状况。

方法

对国家统计局和国家卫生健康委员会公布的《中国统计年鉴》、《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》和《中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》中2010—2020年31省市经济水平、儿童保健情况的相关数据进行回顾性分析,采用集中指数(CI)来评价中国31省市儿童保健服务的供给公平性,并对2020年各省市的儿童保健服务情况进行聚类分析。

结果

2010—2020年中国31省市儿童保健服务项目中新生儿访视率、三岁以下儿童系统管理率总体呈上升趋势(χ2趋势=7.602,P=0.006;χ2趋势=8.233,P=0.004),围产儿死亡率逐年降低(χ2趋势=9.493,P=0.002),但在2016和2020年有小幅波动;西部地区围产儿死亡率最高,中部地区儿童保健服务水平低于平均水平,但地区间差距不断减小;新生儿访视率、三岁以下儿童系统管理率的CI分别位于0.003~0.035和0.004~0.065,儿童保健服务利用集中分布于经济水平高的省市,围产儿死亡率的CI位于-0.080~-0.125,其中围产儿死亡率的不公平性最高且未有显著改善;聚类分析结果显示,除青海、新疆、安徽、海南、河南、西藏6个省(自治区)外,其他省市在儿童保健服务利用方面的相似性和差异性均可被归为相近的一类。

结论

过去20年间中国31省市儿童保健服务水平和服务利用公平性稳步提升,可能受到了二孩政策和新型冠状病毒肺炎等事件影响;建议继续关注围产儿死亡率,优先提高青海、新疆、安徽、海南、河南、西藏6个省(自治区)的儿童保健服务水平。

儿童保健服务  /  集中指数  /  公平性  /  聚类分析  /  二孩政策
Objective

To analyze the basic situation and supply equity of child health services in 31 provinces and cities in China from 2010 to 2020.

Methods

The relevant data of economic level and child health care of 31 provinces and cities from 2010 to 2020 in China Statistical Yearbook, China Health Statistical Yearbook, and China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook published by the National Bureau of Statistics and the National Health Commission were retrospectively analyzed, and the concentration index(CI) was used to evaluate the supply equity of child health services in 31 provinces and cities in China. The cluster analysis was performed to investigate the child health care services in various provinces and cities in 2020.

Results

In the child health care service projects of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2010 to 2020, the neonatal visit rate and the systematic management rate of children under three years old showed an overall upward trend (χ2trend = 7.602, P=0.006; χ2trend = 8.233, P=0.004). Perinatal mortality decreased year by year (χ2trend = 9.493, P=0.002) but fluctuated slightly in 2016 and 2020. The perinatal mortality rate was the highest in the western region, and the level of child health care service in the central region was lower than the average, but the gap between regions was decreasing. The CIs of neonatal visit rate and systematic management rate of children under three years old were 0.003-0.035 and 0.004-0.065, respectively. The utilization of child health services was mainly distributed in provinces and cities with high economic level, and the CI of perinatal mortality ranged from -0.080 to -0.125. Among them, the unfairness of perinatal mortality was the highest and there was no significant improvement. The results of cluster analysis showed that except for Qinghai, Xinjiang, Anhui, Hainan, Henan, and Xizang, the similarities and differences in the utilization of child health services in other provinces and cities could be classified into similar categories.

Conclusion

The level of child health service and the fairness of service utilization in 31 provinces and cities in China have improved steadily in the past 20 years, which may be affected by the second-child policy and COVID-19. It is suggested that we continue to pay attention to perinatal mortality and give priority to improving the level of child health services in Qinghai, Xinjiang, Anhui, Hainan, Henan, and Xizang.

Child health service  /  Concentration index  /  Fairness  /  Cluster analysis  /  Two-child policy  /  COVID-19
吴际, 夏瑞宏, 汪晨, 马德英, 钱书阳, 蒋春明. 中国31省市2010—2020年儿童保健服务的供给公平性分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (1) : 99 -104 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202305124
Ji WU, Rui-hong XIA, Chen WANG, De-ying MA, Shu-yang QIAN, Chun-ming JIANG. Analysis on the supply equity of child health services in 31 provinces and cities of China from 2010 to 2020[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (1) : 99 -104 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202305124
随着我国医疗卫生事业的蓬勃发展,国家出台了《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》等一系列政策以保障全民健康,并逐步推进国家基本公共卫生服务均等化,以期每位公民都能机会均等地获得基本公共卫生服务,这不仅是人民群众关注的热点民生问题,更关乎社会公平正义、民族昌盛和国家富强[1]。儿童保健服务作为基本公共卫生服务的重要组成部分,是降低儿童患病率和死亡率的重要措施,能够促进儿童身心健康发育,从而提高全生命周期健康水平[2]。目前我国儿童保健服务质量总体持续向好[3],但需要进一步改善。儿童保健事业发展现状与人民日益增长的医疗服务需要之间的矛盾仍然突出,国与国之间和国家内部在健康方面仍然存在显著差异,来自不同背景、社会群体特别是不同经济条件的儿童享有不同程度的健康。目前国内大部分研究聚焦于单个地区的整体服务质量评价或单个指标的趋势分析[4-5],而较少有对我国整体儿童保健服务情况及其公平性的横纵向对比。
本研究通过对2010—2020年中国31省市儿童保健服务的基本情况、公平性变化趋势进行统计学分析评价,并对2020年各省市的儿童保健服务情况进行聚类分析,以期在纵向和横向对比中发现问题并提出针对性的建议,为改善我国儿童保健服务供给公平性提供参考和依据。
研究纳入《中国统计年鉴》、《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》和《中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》中2010—2020年31省、自治区、直辖市经济水平、儿童保健情况的相关数据,对上述原始数据进行收集整理并进行后续分析。研究采用人均地方生产总值(人均GDP)作为各省市社会经济状况的衡量指标,新生儿访视率、围产儿死亡率、三岁以下儿童系统管理率用作评价儿童保健服务水平及其公平性的指标[6]。新生儿访视率指接受1次及以上访视的新生儿人数与活产数之比。围产儿死亡率指孕满28周或出生体重≥1 000克胎儿(含死胎、死产)至产后7天内新生儿死亡数与活产数之比。三岁以下儿童系统管理率指年内三岁以下儿童系统管理人数与当地三岁儿童数之比。三岁以下儿童系统管理指三岁以下儿童按年龄接受生长监测或体格检查(身高、体重)的人数。
根据《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》的分类,将31省、自治区、直辖市划分为东部、中部和西部三个地区,用来比较不同地区儿童保健服务利用的差异。东部地区包括北京市、上海市、江苏省、浙江省、天津市、山东省、广东省、河北省、辽宁省、福建省和海南省;中部地区包括黑龙江省、吉林省、山西省、江西省、河南省、安徽省、湖北省和湖南省;西部地区包括内蒙古自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区、青海省、宁夏回族自治区、甘肃省、四川省、云南省、西藏自治区、重庆市、贵州省、广西壮族自治区、陕西省。
趋势检验(trend test)是对医学研究中等级资料或剂量反应关系资料进行假设检验的一种方法[7],能够检验两组变量之间的相关关系,从而确定可能存在的等级关系趋势。本研究采用趋势性χ2检验,可用于研究率随时间的变化趋势[8],检验水准α=0.05。
集中指数(concentration index, CI)是一项定量评估健康不平等性的指标,能够描述不同社会经济水平人群的健康分布差异,对卫生健康领域内的社会经济不平等十分敏感[9],常被用于衡量卫生服务公平性。将各省市按人均GDP从低到高列为一列,作为标准的参照列(x);新生儿访视率、围产儿死亡率、三岁以下儿童系统管理率各列为另一列,作为考察公平性的列(y)。将上述数据导入Stata,运行conindex命令以计算CI[10]
为所研究的评价指标,为按社会经济地位排名的人口,为所研究的评价指标的平均值。
CI取值范围为(-1,1),结果为正值表示卫生服务利用集中于经济水平高的区域,存在倾向高收入人群的不公平;结果为负值表示卫生服务利用集中于经济水平低的区域,存在倾向低收入人群的不公平。CI的绝对值越大,表示卫生服务利用的公平性越差;CI的绝对值越接近于0,表示卫生服务利用公平性越好。
聚类分析(cluster analysis)是一种从样本数据出发,对性质相近的样本进行归类的探索性分析[11],可用于评价数据的相似性及差异性。本研究运用SPSS20.0软件完成聚类分析,依据2020年31省、自治区、直辖市儿童保健服务项目中的新生儿访视率、围产儿死亡率、三岁以下儿童系统管理率指标进行系统聚类,聚类方法选择组间联接,度量标准选择平方欧式距离,探讨各省市儿童保健服务利用的相似性和差异性。
东、中、西部地区的各项指标均使用所包含省市的活产数加权后取平均值求得。
图1A图1B儿童服务保健情况整体变化趋势来看,新生儿访视率从2010年的89.60%提高到2020年的95.50%,三岁以下儿童系统管理率从2010年的81.50%提高到2020年的92.90%,经χ2趋势检验差异有统计学意义(χ2趋势=7.602,P=0.006;χ2趋势= 8.233,P=0.004),但两指标在2017年有所下降或增长速度减缓。分别从东、中、西部地区的变化趋势来看,东部地区的新生儿访视率、三岁以下儿童系统管理率基本持平,但在2014年和2016—2018年均有下降;中部地区的以上指标在十余年间大幅增长;西部地区的以上指标整体呈上升趋势,但其新生儿访视率在2017年有明显降低,之后波动上升。由图1C可见,我国围产儿死亡率从2010年的7.02‰降至2020年的4.14‰,经χ2趋势检验差异有统计学意义(χ2趋势=9.493,P=0.002),但2016和2020年围产儿死亡率上升;十年间三个地区的围产儿死亡率均大幅减少,但2016年东部、中部地区和2020年中部、西部的围产儿死亡率较前增加。χ2趋势检验结果见表1。从地区横向比较来看,中部、西部地区与东部地区之间仍存在一定差距,东部地区在三项指标上均领先各地区;西部地区新生儿访视率、三岁以下儿童系统管理率均不低于我国平均水平,但围产儿死亡率较高;中部地区三指标均低于我国平均水平。数据显示,2010—2020年间,中、东和西部地区间差距在不断缩小。值得注意的是,2020年西部地区的新生儿访视率、三岁以下儿童系统管理率均超过东部地区,位于各地区最高水平。
2010—2020年我国新生儿访视率的CI位于0.003~0.035,三岁以下儿童系统管理率的CI位于0.004~0.065,表明这两项儿童保健服务利用集中分布于经济水平高的省市;而围产儿死亡率的CI位于-0.080~-0.125,表明围产儿死亡的服务利用集中在经济水平低的省市。从纵向发展趋势来看,新生儿访视率、三岁以下儿童系统管理率的CI总体呈下降水平,但在2017年—2018年稍升高;围产儿死亡率的CI波动较大,其绝对值在2015年大幅上升,不公平性未得到较好改善。横向比较这三项指标的绝对值发现,围产儿死亡率CI绝对值最高,表明针对围产儿死亡率的服务利用不公平性最高。值得一提的是,2020年新生儿访视率和三岁以下儿童系统管理率的CI(分别为0.003 5和0.004 7)均为十年之中最低值,说明这两项儿童保健服务利用公平性有了良好提升。见图2
图3所示,除青海省、新疆维吾尔自治区、安徽省、海南省、河南省、西藏自治区6个省(自治区)外,其余25省市均可被归为性质相近的一类。青海省、新疆维吾尔自治区的特点为围产儿死亡率处于高位;安徽省、海南省、河南省三省的特点为三岁以下儿童系统管理率较低,其中河南省的新生儿访视率为各省市最低水平;西藏自治区的三项指标排名均位于末尾,其整体儿童保健服务水平也位于各省市最低水平。
本研究结果显示,我国2010—2020年儿童保健服务项目中的新生儿访视率、三岁以下儿童系统管理率总体呈现上升趋势,围产儿死亡率总体呈下降趋势,说明我国的儿童保健服务水平在逐步提升。从CI数据看,儿童保健服务利用存在不公平的现象,但十年间绝对值总体呈下降趋势,说明我国儿童保健服务的公平性持续提升。在财政投入方面,中央政府承担了中部、西部地区基本公共卫生服务财政支出的主要部分,极大程度地改善了由于地区经济发展水平差异带来的不均衡性;并对低收入人群发放补助,发挥了缩小社会相对贫富差距的作用。在服务提供方面,国家对服务内容和服务方式在政策层面进行了统一,力求在服务质量上做到同质化。2010—2020年间相比于新生儿访视率、三岁以下儿童系统管理率,围产儿死亡率的不公平性最高,向经济不发达地区集中,推测可能是由需求导致的不公平[12]。目前公共卫生服务配置是以人口分布的均衡性为指向,无法满足西部地广人稀地区居民的健康公平需求,服务半径过大限制了儿童保健服务的可及性[13],从而导致了整体上的受益不均衡和不公平性增加。因此,为进一步提升我国儿童保健服务公平性,应着重关注围产期保健服务,降低围产儿死亡率。
横向比较地区间儿童保健服务情况发现,2020年西部地区新生儿访视率、三岁以下儿童系统管理率最高,中部地区次之,但西部地区围产儿死亡率却最高,这与东部地区存在显著不同。为了分析我国不同省市之间儿童保健服务水平的差异,为各地针对性提升儿童保健服务水平提供依据,本文对2020年的数据展开聚类分析,结果发现青海、新疆、安徽、海南、河南、西藏6个省(自治区)的儿童保健服务水平与其他省市差距较大。我们认为,在国家政府的财政投入和政策倾斜下,西部地区的医疗机构、卫生设备等硬件设施配置较为充足,因此其2020年新生儿访视率、三岁以下儿童系统管理率均超过东部地区,位于各地区最高水平;但医务人员、卫生技术等软件资源配置仍不足[14],例如青海、新疆及西藏3个省市地理面积大、就医不便捷,孕产期保健不到位等先天不利因素对危重新生儿的抢救和后续保健提出更高要求,使其围产儿死亡率远高于我国平均水平。人均GDP和卫生工作人员总数是降低围产期死亡率的关键因素[15],因此建议政府在发展经济的同时,要在人才引进和医师培养上双管齐下,注重对卫生资源布局的合理规划,增强卫生资源可及性。中部地区的儿童保健服务水平低于我国平均水平,究其原因可能是与东部地区相比没有丰富的物质基础和人才优势,与西部地区相比没有大力度政策扶持,再加之人口基数大导致的保健服务质量低下。例如安徽省、河南省卫生机构规模和业务水平不能满足工作需要[4,16],因此以上地区应充分发挥医联体作用,推动优质医疗资源下沉,着力提升现有卫生资源的利用效率。总而言之,要兼顾人口的区域间公平性和地理的区域内公平性,并优先提高以上6省(自治区)的儿童保健服务水平,对提高我国总体儿童保健服务水平及公平性尤为重要。
在我国儿童保健服务水平稳步提升的大背景下,围产儿死亡率在2020年间有小幅上升,以中部、西部地区为主。且2020年围产儿死亡率的CI绝对值较前上升,提示围产儿死亡率的不公平性增加。自2020年初新冠肺炎疫情爆发以来,国家政府将更多精力投入疫情管控工作中,而相对忽视了在儿童保健服务方面的管理,使得儿童保健服务利用向经济发达地区进一步集中。有meta分析结果显示[17],新冠肺炎背景下低收入和中等收入国家的围产儿死亡率可能增加更显著,这同样提示COVID-19影响了围产儿死亡率的公平性,与本文研究结果一致。COVID-19对医疗保健模式最直接的影响就是增加了远程医疗需求和使用[18],这也为后疫情时代如何更好满足儿童保健需求、提升服务水平提供了一个思路。在《2022年中国卫生健康统计年鉴》儿童保健情况一表中缺失了2021年围产儿死亡率的数据,考虑到数据的连续性,因此本文只收集了2010—2020年的相关数据,笔者认为在围产儿死亡率的不公平性未有较大改善的情况下,对该指标的持续监测仍有较大意义。
2015与2017年的儿童保健服务利用不公平性有所升高,围产儿死亡率的CI绝对值甚至在2017年到达了十年内的最高值,这可能与2014年我国开始实施单独二孩政策,以及2016年实施全面二孩政策有关[19]。该人口政策的重大转变导致2016—2017年活产儿数量和高危妊娠比例显著上升,随之而来的是妇幼保健工作量也在此期间达到峰值[20],使得优质资源向发达地区进一步倾斜。我国于2021年5月31日起实施新的三孩政策,目前尚无最新的统计数据,但可以预见的是在现有医疗保健资源有限且不均衡的情况下,由三孩政策导致的出生率的任何增加都可能将加剧已经紧张的卫生系统的压力。因此有关部门应当以需求为导向调配卫生资源,监测生育率并规划提高儿童保健服务水平。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
新华社.中共中央国务院印发《“健康中国2030”规划纲要[EB/OL].[2023-12-04]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2016-10/25/content_5124174.htm.
The Xinhua News Agency. The CPC Central Committee and The State Council issued the Outline of the“Healthy China 2030” Plan[EB/OL].[2023-12-04]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2016-10/25/content_5124174.htm.
[2]
Jiao WY, Li R, Guo H, et al. Current and future perspectives of child's health care in China[J]. Jornal de Pediatria, 2020, 216: 252-254.
[3]
王晰,殷涛,杨慧敏,等.城市社区卫生服务中心儿童健康服务能力现状研究[J].中国全科医学202124(28):3571-3577.
Wang X, Yin T, Yang HM, et al. Capability of community health centers in cities to provide childcare services[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2021, 24(28): 3571-3577.
[4]
郭亮, 张仁德.2018年河南省妇幼保健机构服务能力初步分析[J].现代预防医学202148(4):667-671.
Guo L, Zhang RD. Preliminary analysis on service capability of maternal and child health care institutions in Henan Province in 2018[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2021, 48(4): 667-671.
[5]
李红娟, 任静林.中国3岁以下儿童系统管理的纵向变动与横向差异[J].中国全科医学202326(1):27-33.
Li HJ, Ren JL. Systematic health management for children under three years old in China: temporal changes and regional differences[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(1): 27-33.
[6]
庄严,朱思雨,叶欣欣,等.2010-2020年中国31个省妇幼保健质量综合评价及地区差异分析[J].中国生育健康杂志202334(4):301-306.
Zhuang Y, Zhu SY, Ye XX, et al. Analysis on the quality of maternal and child health care and regional differences in 31 provinces of China from 2010 to 2020[J]. Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health, 2023, 34(4):301-306.
[7]
Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical methods in cancer research. Volume I - The analysis of case-control studies[J]. IARC Scientific Publications, 1980, (32): 5-338.
[8]
胡敏,张玉,刘柳,等.2012-2021年柳州市早产发生率变化趋势及影响因素分析[J].现代预防医学202350(17):3139-3144.
Hu M, Zhang Y, Liu L, et al. Analysis on the changing trend and influencing factors of preterm delivery in Liuzhou city from 2012 to 2021[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2023, 50(17): 3139-3144.
[9]
Wagstaff A, Paci P, Van doorslaer E.On the measurement of inequalities in health[J]. Social Science & Medicine, 1991, 33(5): 545-557.
[10]
O'donnell O, O'Neill S, Van Ourti T, et al. Conindex: estimation of concentration indices[J]. Stata Journal, 2016, 16(1): 112-138.
[11]
孙吉贵, 刘杰, 赵连宇.聚类算法研究[J].软件学报200819(1):48-61.
Sun JG, Liu J, Zhao LY. Clustering algorithms research[J]. Journal of Software, 2008, 19(1): 48-61.
[12]
陈菲.基于全民健康覆盖的基本公共卫生公平研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2020.
Chen F. Study on the equality of essential public health in the Perspective of Universal health coverage[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2020.
[13]
严旭.马克思主义政治哲学视域下中国国家治理现代化现状、问题及提升路径[J].理论研究2020,(2):36-43.
Yan X. Modernization of National governance in light of Marx's political philosophy: current situation, problems and solutions[J]. Theoretical Research, 2020, (2): 36-43.
[14]
臧慧,何晨,卫荣宁,等.基于集聚度的我国卫生资源配置合理性分析[J].卫生软科学202135(10):59-64.
Zang H, He C, Wei RN, et al. Analysis on the rationality of health resource allocation based on agglomeration degree in China[J]. Soft Science of Health, 2021, 35(10): 59-64.
[15]
刘诗婷, 应晓华.我国围产儿省际健康公平性研究[J].中国卫生政策研究202316(8):31-39.
Liu ST, Ying XH. Study on the interprovincial health Equity in perinatal infants in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Policy, 2023, 16(8): 31-39.
[16]
邵天泰.安徽省儿童保健系统资源配置现状评价与对策建议研究[D].合肥:安徽医科大学,2021.
Shao TT. Research on evaluation and countermeasures of resource allocation status of Anhui children's health care system[D]. Hefei: Anhui Medical University, 2021.
[17]
Chmielewska B, Barratt I, Townsend R, et al. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH,2021, 9(6): e759-e772.
[18]
Werner RM, Glied SA. Covid-Induced changes in health care delivery-can they last?[J]. New England Journal of Medicine, 2021,385(10): 868-870.
[19]
陈少稚.2009-2019年绍兴市围产儿死亡监测分析[J].中国优生与遗传杂志202028(7):866-869.
Chen SZ. Surveillance analysis of perinatal mortality in Shaoxing city, from 2009 to 2019[J]. Chinese Journal of Birth Health & Heredity, 2020, 28(7):866-869.
[20]
Zhao YR, Lin JF, Shang XP, et al. Impact of the Universal Two-Child policy on the workload of Community-Based basic public health services in Zhejiang province, China[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019, 16(16): 2880.
2024年第51卷第1期
PDF下载
53
21
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202305124
  • 接收时间:2023-05-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-01-10
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-10
基金
作者信息
    1.浙江中医药大学第四临床医学院,浙江 杭州 310053
    2.浙江中医药大学第二临床医学院
    3.西湖大学医学院附属杭州市第一人民医院儿科,浙江 杭州 310003

通讯作者:

蒋春明,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202305124
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏