Article(id=1241522766223045348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522764012647140, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309397, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1695139200000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773931693845, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1704816000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773931693845, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773931693845, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931693845, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241522764012647140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773931693318, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773931808852, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241523248643494379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522764012647140, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241523248643494380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241522764012647140, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=7, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241522766801859302, articleId=1241522766223045348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Study on spatial-temporal differentiation and macro influencing factors of HIV/AIDS incidence in China, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To study the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of HIV/AIDS incidence in China based on surveillance data from 2005 to 2018, to provide support for scientific, orderly, sustainable, and accurate regional prevention and control strategies.

Methods

The spatial autocorrelation method was used to explore the characteristics of spatial-temporal differentiation, and then geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) was used to investigate the influencing factors.

Results

Since 2005, the overall spread speed of the AIDS epidemic was accelerating and showed obvious spatial differences demonstrated by unbalanced growth. After 2011, the unbalanced growth accelerated, and the agglomeration trend of the AIDS epidemic in various provinces became more obvious. The spatial nearest neighbor effect was more obvious, and there was an internal expansion trend in the areas below the Bole-Taipei line. Economy, transportation, health care, and education jointly affected the temporal and spatial evolution pattern of HIV/AIDS incidence. Economic factors had a great impact on the spread of AIDS, which was gradually weakening. Most of the traffic factors above the Bole-Taipei line were positive high-value areas and basically remained at a stable level. The influence of medical factors on the incidence of HIV/AIDS was obvious, but it tended to weaken gradually. Educational factors had a great influence on the incidence of HIV/AIDS, and the influence was basically stable.

Conclusion

From the perspective of spatial-temporal data mining, the spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics and neighborhood effects of the incidence of HIV/AIDS are analyzed, and the effects of economic, transportation, medical, and educational factors on the incidence of HIV/AIDS are discussed. This study helps the public understand AIDS visually from a new perspective and has important reference significance for controlling AIDS epidemic and optimizing the allocation of public health resources.

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目的

本文使用2005—2018年HIV/AIDS发病率监测数据,对其空间特征和影响因素进行研究,为科学有序、可持续、精准的区域化防控策略提供支撑。

方法

首先使用空间自相关方法探讨其时空分异特征,然后采用时空地理加权回归(GTWR)对影响因素进行研究。

结果

2005年以来,HIV/AIDS疫情的总体传播速度不断加快,且具有明显的空间差异性,表现为非均衡增长;2011年以后,非均衡增长加速,各省份HIV/AIDS疫情集聚趋势更加明显,空间近邻效应比较明显,在博台线以下区域有内部拓展趋势。经济、交通、医疗和教育共同影响HIV/AIDS发病率时空演变格局。经济因素对HIV/AIDS蔓延的影响程度较大,但总体在逐渐减弱。交通因素在博台线以上的大部分区域,为正向高值区域,且基本保持在平稳水平。医疗因素对HIV/AIDS发病率的影响明显,但呈逐渐减弱的趋势。教育因素对HIV/AIDS发病率影响较大,且影响力基本稳定。

结论

从时空数据挖掘视角,分析HIV/AIDS发病率时空分异特征和近邻效应,探讨了经济、交通、医疗和教育因素对HIV/AIDS发病率的影响,有利于大众从新视角直观地认识HIV/AIDS,对于控制HIV/AIDS疫情,优化配置公共卫生资源,都有重要的借鉴意义。

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周丙锋,E-mail:
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刘晟(1976—),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:新型城镇化与公共管理

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注:底图源于国家地理信息公共服务平台,审图号为GS(2019)1825号。

, figureFileSmall=4uq7Xx8nTgHhFQvw/Kr56Q==, figureFileBig=7t934DtGJHRMG32LCtverA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241677622594294363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522766223045348, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Scatter plot of the Moran index for HIV/AIDS incidence from 2005 to 2018, figureFileSmall=kEKzm+q33gOxTWNuiK0ALg==, figureFileBig=N6y2gPj0hQcE8dadFadk1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241677622694957668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522766223045348, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2005—2018年HIV/AIDS发病率的莫兰指数散点图, figureFileSmall=kEKzm+q33gOxTWNuiK0ALg==, figureFileBig=N6y2gPj0hQcE8dadFadk1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241677622808203886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522766223045348, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Temporal and spatial changes of HIV/AIDS incidence and global spatial autocorrelation index from 2005 to 2018, figureFileSmall=J1fhrSzfxwgA5NwmfG5yZQ==, figureFileBig=VxW6QDHOkfXeg9Bw2hPEmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241677622996947570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522766223045348, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2005—2018年HIV/AIDS发病率时空变化及全局空间自相关指数

注:底图源于国家地理信息公共服务平台,审图号为GS(2019)1825号。

, figureFileSmall=J1fhrSzfxwgA5NwmfG5yZQ==, figureFileBig=VxW6QDHOkfXeg9Bw2hPEmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241677623089222261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522766223045348, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Spatial and temporal distribution of regression coefficients of factors affecting the incidence of HIV/AIDS, figureFileSmall=VjqY2yujmjmFzopHng4lFw==, figureFileBig=n4Cea+M7HRfpsrhHRX9RPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241677623277965953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522766223045348, language=CN, label=图4, caption=HIV/AIDS发病率影响因素回归系数时空分布

注:底图源于国家地理信息公共服务平台,审图号为GS(2019)1825号。

, figureFileSmall=VjqY2yujmjmFzopHng4lFw==, figureFileBig=n4Cea+M7HRfpsrhHRX9RPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241677623391212170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522766223045348, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Relevant parameters of GTWR model regression

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型参数Residual SquaresSigmaAICcR2Adjusted R2Spatio-temporal Distance RatioTrace_of_SMatrix
1302.142.89866.230.890.8890.2735.26
), ArticleFig(id=1241677623542207120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241522766223045348, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

GTWR模型回归的相关参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型参数Residual SquaresSigmaAICcR2Adjusted R2Spatio-temporal Distance RatioTrace_of_SMatrix
1302.142.89866.230.890.8890.2735.26
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中国HIV/AIDS发病率时空分异和宏观影响因素研究
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刘晟 1, 2 , 周丙锋 3 , 谢新水 4 , 刘姗姗 5
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(1): 1-7
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(1): 1-7
中国HIV/AIDS发病率时空分异和宏观影响因素研究
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刘晟1, 2, 周丙锋3 , 谢新水4, 刘姗姗5
作者信息
  • 1.安徽大学商学院,安徽 合肥 230031
  • 2.安徽大学经济学院,安徽 合肥 230031
  • 3.首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京 100048
  • 4.首都师范大学管理学院
  • 5.首都师范大学化学系
  • 刘晟(1976—),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:新型城镇化与公共管理

通讯作者:

周丙锋,E-mail:
Study on spatial-temporal differentiation and macro influencing factors of HIV/AIDS incidence in China
Sheng LIU1, 2, Bing-feng ZHOU3 , Xin-shui XIE4, Shan-shan LIU5
Affiliations
  • Business School of Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
出版时间: 2024-01-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309397
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目的

本文使用2005—2018年HIV/AIDS发病率监测数据,对其空间特征和影响因素进行研究,为科学有序、可持续、精准的区域化防控策略提供支撑。

方法

首先使用空间自相关方法探讨其时空分异特征,然后采用时空地理加权回归(GTWR)对影响因素进行研究。

结果

2005年以来,HIV/AIDS疫情的总体传播速度不断加快,且具有明显的空间差异性,表现为非均衡增长;2011年以后,非均衡增长加速,各省份HIV/AIDS疫情集聚趋势更加明显,空间近邻效应比较明显,在博台线以下区域有内部拓展趋势。经济、交通、医疗和教育共同影响HIV/AIDS发病率时空演变格局。经济因素对HIV/AIDS蔓延的影响程度较大,但总体在逐渐减弱。交通因素在博台线以上的大部分区域,为正向高值区域,且基本保持在平稳水平。医疗因素对HIV/AIDS发病率的影响明显,但呈逐渐减弱的趋势。教育因素对HIV/AIDS发病率影响较大,且影响力基本稳定。

结论

从时空数据挖掘视角,分析HIV/AIDS发病率时空分异特征和近邻效应,探讨了经济、交通、医疗和教育因素对HIV/AIDS发病率的影响,有利于大众从新视角直观地认识HIV/AIDS,对于控制HIV/AIDS疫情,优化配置公共卫生资源,都有重要的借鉴意义。

HIV/AIDS  /  时空分异  /  影响因素  /  主成分分析  /  时空地理加权回归
Objective

To study the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of HIV/AIDS incidence in China based on surveillance data from 2005 to 2018, to provide support for scientific, orderly, sustainable, and accurate regional prevention and control strategies.

Methods

The spatial autocorrelation method was used to explore the characteristics of spatial-temporal differentiation, and then geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) was used to investigate the influencing factors.

Results

Since 2005, the overall spread speed of the AIDS epidemic was accelerating and showed obvious spatial differences demonstrated by unbalanced growth. After 2011, the unbalanced growth accelerated, and the agglomeration trend of the AIDS epidemic in various provinces became more obvious. The spatial nearest neighbor effect was more obvious, and there was an internal expansion trend in the areas below the Bole-Taipei line. Economy, transportation, health care, and education jointly affected the temporal and spatial evolution pattern of HIV/AIDS incidence. Economic factors had a great impact on the spread of AIDS, which was gradually weakening. Most of the traffic factors above the Bole-Taipei line were positive high-value areas and basically remained at a stable level. The influence of medical factors on the incidence of HIV/AIDS was obvious, but it tended to weaken gradually. Educational factors had a great influence on the incidence of HIV/AIDS, and the influence was basically stable.

Conclusion

From the perspective of spatial-temporal data mining, the spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics and neighborhood effects of the incidence of HIV/AIDS are analyzed, and the effects of economic, transportation, medical, and educational factors on the incidence of HIV/AIDS are discussed. This study helps the public understand AIDS visually from a new perspective and has important reference significance for controlling AIDS epidemic and optimizing the allocation of public health resources.

HIV/AIDS  /  Spatial-temporal differentiation  /  Influencing factors  /  Principal component analysis  /  Spatial-temporal geographically weighted regression
刘晟, 周丙锋, 谢新水, 刘姗姗. 中国HIV/AIDS发病率时空分异和宏观影响因素研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (1) : 1 -7 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309397
Sheng LIU, Bing-feng ZHOU, Xin-shui XIE, Shan-shan LIU. Study on spatial-temporal differentiation and macro influencing factors of HIV/AIDS incidence in China[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (1) : 1 -7 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309397
联合国把HIV/AIDS列为2030年17个可持续发展目标之一。当前对于HIV/AIDS的研究主要聚焦在病因学、流行病学、临床特征、预防控制和医疗救治等方面[1],忽略了HIV/AIDS传播的空间属性,从而导致信息丢失。空间流行病学相关研究表明:传染病的产生、传播、空间分布与地理空间位置有密切关系,GIS是研究与地理空间位置相关主题的利器。
近年来,已有许多学者运用GIS相关空间分析方法,对HIV/AIDS发病率的空间分布特征和影响因素进行了研究,对促进HIV/AIDS防控工作具有重要意义。当前研究存在以下问题:(1)部分研究探讨了某个地区和截面数据HIV/AIDS发病率时空分布特征。其局限性在于,前者的研究仅代表某个局部区域的空间分布规律,无法掌握全国尺度的空间分布特征[2-6],后者无法从时序上动态掌握HIV/AIDS发病率演变规律[7]。(2)对HIV/AIDS发病率影响因素研究,主要采用地理加权回归法(GWR)和地理探测器等方法,在一定程度解决了HIV/AIDS发病率空间异质性和空间效应的问题,但没有考虑时间维度,无法解决时间尺度上的不平稳性[5,7-9]。(3)对于HIV/AIDS发病率时空分异和影响因素的可视化,仅以研究单元为边界绘图,割裂了HIV/AIDS传播的连续性[1,4,10-11]。(4)大多数关于HIV/AIDS发病率研究以统计描述为主,主要运用GIS绘制HIV/AIDS发病率分布图,或运用空间自相关分析其空间集聚特征,虽然能揭示该区域HIV/AIDS发病率的空间特征,但在探究空间HIV/AIDS发病率驱动机制方面,缺乏实证分析,可能直接影响研究成果的可靠性、科学性和实践价值。
因此,本文以2005—2018年全国省级尺度HIV/AIDS发病率数据和影响因素数据为基础,采用空间自相关方法(莫兰指数,Moran I),探讨HIV/AIDS发病率的时空分异。采用GTWR定量揭示了经济、交通、医疗和教育四个影响因素,对HIV/AIDS发病率的影响。本文的边际贡献在于两个方面:(1)从时序上动态研究各影响因素的对HIV/AIDS发病率的影响,解决了在时空上的不平稳性;(2)“一图胜千言”,由于HIV/AIDS传播在空间上存在连续性,采用空间插值算法,可以将相关结果辅以直观、有效和生动的地图呈现出来。
HIV/AIDS发病率监测数据来源于公共卫生科学数据中心网站(http://www.phsciencedata.cn),其中HIV/AIDS发病率=病例数/统计人口×10万。由于受公共卫生科学数据中心数据发布的限制,仅搜集到2005—2018年我国31个省、自治区、直辖市(不包括香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区、台湾地区)的HIV/AIDS发病率监测数据。影响HIV/AIDS发病率潜在因素的12个指标数据来源于2005—2018年《中国统计年鉴》和各省《统计年鉴》。
空间自相关分析经常用于刻画研究对象的空间分布特征,全局自相关常用于描述研究对象在整个区域的聚集特征[12-13]。本文运用局部莫兰指数(Global Moran I)计量研究2005—2018年中国HIV/AIDS发病率的局部空间聚集特征,对发病率的空间集聚和空间异质进行识别。热点分析(Getis-Ord Gi*)用于一步分析HIV/AIDS发病率的局部空间自相关特征[1,14]
主成分分析法是基于数学降维的思想,将原本相关性很高的变量,重新整合成少数几个新的综合指标变量,来表征原来的变量,并且使这些新的综合指标变量能够尽可能多地保持原有变量的信息特征,它们之间彼此间又不相关[15]
本文根据已有文献的研究成果,将潜在影响因素分为经济水平、交通运输、医疗保健和教育水平四大类。(1)经济水平被广泛认为是影响人们就医和体检负担能力的重要因素。本文选择人均GDP(元)、居民人均可支配收入(元)、居民人均消费支出(元)等三个因子,来表征经济水平。(2)基于交通运输的人口流动和毒品走私,是影响HIV/AIDS传播、诊断和预防的重要因素。本文选择旅客运量(万人)、公路铁路里程(公里)、旅客周转量(亿人公里)等三个因子,来表征交通发展水平。(3)医疗卫生资源是应对流行病传播和预防的重要手段。本文选择卫生医疗机构数、床位数和医疗卫生机构门诊服务情况等三个因子,表征医疗保健水平。(4)教育程度是是流行病学传播的一个显著因素。本文选择本专科在校学生人数、普通高中在校学生人数、教育经费(万元)等三个因子表征教育水平。
GTWR同时考虑了空间和时间异质性,弥补了GWR只考虑空间影响的缺点[16]。本文采用GTWR模型探究中国HIV/AIDS发病率影响因素。本文采用自适应带宽,即按照修正后的赤池信息量(AICc)作为带宽选取和模型抉择的判定标准。
图1所示,2005—2018年,大部分省份的HIV/AIDS发病率逐渐增长,并各省份差异明显。从空间分布来看,以博台线[17]为界,博台线下方即中国西南部的云南、贵州、广西、四川和西北部的新疆,发病率较高;博台线上方除了北京外,其他省份发病率相对较低且增速相对稳定。从时间发展来看,博台线下方区域发病率存在较大差异,广西和云南存在下降趋势,其他省份发展速率相对较高。贵州、重庆和四川的HIV/AIDS发病率仍处于快速增长阶段,尤其是四川增长速度明显。
本文按照自然间断点分级法,将HIV/AIDS发病率分为5级,利用ArcGIS10.2软件,对各省份的发病率进行可视化分析。从图2可见,从全国尺度上看,2005—2018年HIV/AIDS发病率呈现出整体上升,局部严重的特征,且由少数几个区域集聚,逐步向全国拓展的态势。其中,云南、广西和新疆一直为HIV/AIDS高发集聚区。尽管,西南部其他省份有所波动,但四川、重庆和贵州等仍是流行区。随着HIV/AIDS的蔓延,西北部和西南部基本连成一片,整个博台线以下构成了疫情流行带,并存在加快越过博台线的趋势。
(1) 全局空间自相关
使用ArcGIS10.2软件,对中国HIV/AIDS发病率进行空间自相关分析,得到全局Moran I的统计量,如图3所示,所有值都大于0。其中,2006年P值没有显著的统计学意义,即没有探测到HIV/AIDS发病率的全局空间自相关特征。从2007年开始,P值都小于0.05(通过了95%的置信度校验),Z值都为正值,都大于1.65(拒绝零假设),表明HIV/AIDS发病率已经具有空间集聚态势。特别是从2012—2016年,全局Moran I从0.213快速上升到0.378,表明全国各省份的HIV/AIDS发病率集聚趋势越加明显、集聚程度加深。
(2) 局部空间自相关
为了进一步探究各省份及周边省份HIV/AIDS发病率的空间相关性和差异,本文使用2005、2008、2011、2013和2018年HIV/AIDS发病率进行局部空间自相关分析,并使用GeoDa软件绘制Moran I分析结果散点图。从图3可以看出,HIV/AIDS发病率的局部Moran I(0.175、0.201、0.246、0.247、0.292、0.340)增加趋势明显,散点主要落在第一和第三象限,即高-高聚合,低-低聚合,区域具有明显空间聚集性。
从经济生活、交通运输、医疗卫生和教育程度四个维度的12个指标,分别提取一个主成分。经济生活维度方差贡献率为96.92%;交通运输维度方差贡献率81.94%;医疗卫生维度方差贡献率为87.48%;教育程度维度方差贡献率为90.89%。另外,原始指标均对其主成分载荷较大,表明这四个主成分对原始指标的解释较为充分。通过KMO校验,KMO的值全部大于阈值0.5,说明变量之间是存在相关性,符合要求。通过Bartlett球形检验,结果Sig值全部小于0.05,说明变量指标数据可以进行因子分析。
全局Moran I结果表明,2007—2018年中国31个省份的HIV/AIDS发病率具有空间相关性;通过GTWR结果的相关参数值,其中,R2=0.89与校正后的R2=0.88,从拟合优度和表中其他参数来看,该GTWR回归模型能够较好地测算出解释变量对被解释变量的影响。见表1
运用ArcGIS10.2软件计算回归系数后,对其进行简单的克里金插值,结果如图4所示。不同时期各影响因素对HIV/AIDS发病率的影响,存在空间分异情况。
(1)经济生活要素。经济生活因素HIV/AIDS蔓延的影响力略有波动。总体上看是逐渐减弱,回归系数范围为(17.03,16.80)。其中,西北部经济越发达、发病率越高,西南部反之;中东部受经济因素的影响较小。2013—2018年期间,正向高值区域主要分布在中国西北地区,且正向高值区域以新疆为中心逐渐缩小。负向高值区域主要分布在中国的西南地区,负向高值区域相对比较稳定。回归系数绝对值较低的区域主要包括博台线以上的区域。在这些区域,经济生活因素对HIV/AIDS发病率影响较小。
(2)交通运输因素。该要素对HIV/AIDS疫情蔓延的主要影响如下。博台线以上的大部分区域为正向高值区域,西北部地区是回归系数绝对值较低的区域,即前者交通越发达、发病率越高,后者是交通越发达、发病率低,并且基本保持在一个平稳的水平,回归系数为(-25.57,12.5)。博台线以下的区域波动较大,2013和2014年负向高值区域仅存在西南的云南省、广西、贵州省和四川省南部等省份;2015和2016年负向高值区域重心逐步向北移动,基本接近博台线。2018年,负向高值区域基本扩展到了中国这个中西部地区。
(3)医疗卫生因素。该要素对HIV/AIDS扩散的影响明显的呈逐渐减弱的趋势,回归系数为(-22.22,29.22)。中国西部地区医疗条件越好,发病率越低,中西部反之;东部地区受医疗条件的影响较小。正向高值区域2013—2016年基本涵盖了广东至内蒙古西部直线的沿线区域。负向高值区域2013—2016年包括中国西部大部分区域,2018年缩减为新疆、西藏和甘肃省西部边缘地区。回归系数绝对值较低的区域,从中国东北地区和长江三角洲地区,逐步扩大到中国南部地区。
(4)教育程度。该因素对HIV/AIDS扩散的影响基本处于稳定水平,回归系数为(-30.84,49.14)。在中国西部地区教育水平越高,HIV/AIDS发病率越高,东部反之。正向高值区域主要集中在西部几个省份。负向高值区域范围较小,仅包括宁夏,陕西北部和内蒙古西部的一小部分。其他部分都是回归系数绝对值较低的区域。
以2011年时间界限,蔓延速度由低速均衡增长,向高速不均衡增长发展,空间差异逐渐扩大。除北京外,博台线以上地区的其他省份增长速度比较稳定;博台线以下区域,广西和云南存在下降趋势,其他省份呈快速增长趋势。
全国各省份HIV/AIDS疫情集聚趋势越加明显,集聚程度加深,西南部的贵州省、云南省、广西和西北部的新疆为热点高值集聚区,且博台线以下区域存在内部拓展趋势。华北和东北地区为冷点低值集聚区,部分区域集聚程度有所波动,且存在向外扩展的趋势[18]
经济生活因素对HIV/AIDS蔓延影响较大,但总体上逐渐减弱。在博台线以上的大部分区域,交通运输因素为正向高值区域,且基本保持在平稳水平。医疗卫生因素对HIV/AIDS疫情扩散的影响明显呈逐渐减弱的趋势。教育程度影响因素对HIV/AIDS扩散的影响基本处于一个稳定的水平,但HIV/AIDS发病率影响较大。
  • 国家社科基金重大项目(21ZDA112)
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2024年第51卷第1期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309397
  • 接收时间:2023-09-20
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-01-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-20
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国家社科基金重大项目(21ZDA112)
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    1.安徽大学商学院,安徽 合肥 230031
    2.安徽大学经济学院,安徽 合肥 230031
    3.首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京 100048
    4.首都师范大学管理学院
    5.首都师范大学化学系

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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种数
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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