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Article(id=1241342460979376346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241342451043061769, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308521, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1693411200000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773888705724, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1708790400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773888705724, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773888705724, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773888705724, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241342451043061769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='4', pageStart='577', pageEnd='768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773888703356, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773893026321, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241360582939562716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241342451043061769, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241360582939562717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241342451043061769, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=656, endPage=662, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241342461407195399, articleId=1241342460979376346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Correlation research on between physical fitness and body mass index, lifestyle of primary and middle school students, Chengdu, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To provide basis for health-related physical curriculum reform and health education in primary and secondary schools.

Methods

In September 2018, a total of 23 191 students from grades 1 to 12 in Chengdu were selected for a physical fitness test using a stratified random cluster sampling method. Additionally, 1 024 middle school students from grades 7, 8, 10, and 11 were randomly selected for a lifestyle questionnaire survey. Rank correlation analysis was employed to compare the differences in physical fitness among students with different BMI levels, and linear correlation analysis was used to examine the associations between physical fitness and lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and sleep.

Results

The respondents’ sit-and-reach test scores (rs=0.042, P=0.009), grip strength (rs=0.499, P<0.001) increased with BMI level, while the vital capacity body mass index decreased with BMI level (rs=-0.242, P<0.001). With increasing BMI levels, the physical comprehensive scores of the respondents tended to increase at first and then decrease. Using BMI as the independent variable and physical comprehensive score as the dependent variable, a total of eight regression equations were derived. As follows: Grades 3-4: male students: y=-0.016X2+0.423X-2.532, female students: y=-0.005X2+0.123X-0.588; Grades 5-6: male students: y=-0.027X2+0.841X-6.214, female students: y=-0.012X2+0.314X-1.741; Grades 7-9: male students: y=-0.038X2+1.521X-14.666, female students: y=-0.008X2+0.163X-0.132; Grades 10-12: male students: y=-0.035X2+1.428X-14.233, female students: y=0.007X2-0.390X+5.160. The pass rates of the surveyed subjects in the standing long jump (r=0.567, P<0.001) and visual acuity (r=0.425, P<0.001) were positively correlated with exercise. The vital capacity body mass index pass rate for male students(r=0.504, P=0.028) was positively correlated with exercise. The BMI pass rate for female students was positively correlated with both diet (r=0.688, P=0.017) and exercise (r=0.497, P=0.012).

Conclusion

Middle school students’ vital capacity body mass index, standing long jump, and visual acuity status were related to exercise. Female students’ BMI was related to diet. The physical fitness, BMI, and lifestyle of primary and middle school students are mutual influence, mutual cause and effect.

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目的

为中小学体育健康课程改革和健康教育提供依据。

方法

于2018年9月采用分层随机整群抽样法抽取成都市23 191名中小学生进行体质测试，另在7、8、10、11四个年级随机整群抽取1 024名中学生进行生活方式问卷调查。采用秩相关分析比较不同BMI等级学生身体素质的差异，采用线性相关性分析体质状况与饮食、锻炼、睡眠等生活方式的相关性。

结果

调查对象坐位体前屈（rs=0.042, P=0.009)、握力（rs=0.499, P<0.001）成绩随BMI等级递增，肺活量体重指数随BMI等级递减(rs=-0.242, P<0.001)；随着BMI等级增加，调查对象的体质综合评分基本呈先升后降的趋势。以BMI为自变量，体质综合评分为因变量，共得出8个回归方程：3~4年级：男：y=-0.016X2+0.423X-2.532，女：y=-0.005X2+0.123X-0.588；5~6年级：男：y=-0.027X2+0.841X-6.214，女：y=-0.012X2+0.314X-1.741；7~9年级：男：y=-0.038X2+1.521X-14.666，女：y=-0.008X2+0.163X-0.132；10~12年级：男：y= -0.035X2+1.428X-14.233，女：y=0.007X2-0.390X+5.160。调查对象的立定跳远(r=0.567, P<0.001)、视力合格率（r=0.425, P<0.001）与锻炼呈正相关；男生肺活量体重指数合格率（r=0.504, P=0.028）与锻炼呈正相关；女生BMI合格率与饮食（r=0.688, P=0.017）、锻炼（r=0.497, P=0.012）均呈正相关。

结论

中学生肺活量体重指数、立定跳远、视力状况均与锻炼有关。女生BMI与饮食有关。中小学生的BMI、身体素质、生活方式相互影响，互为因果。

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吕晓华，E-mail：
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邱爽（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：营养与健康

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注：A为男生；B为女生。

, figureFileSmall=WxQVPCbRFDwZoVxYgrmvcg==, figureFileBig=+w2z0kJsGzZVCkNm7XDdTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241342470085210856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460979376346, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sample Size

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年级体质测试问卷调查
男生女生合计男生女生合计
19629611 923
29809801 960
39639731 936
49539551 908
59209141 834
69459641 909
79739691 942117102219
89739791 952129134263
99739791 952
109699791 948136127339
119769961 972132147279
129729831 955
合计11 55911 63223 1915145101 024
), ArticleFig(id=1241342470152319724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460979376346, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

样本含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年级体质测试问卷调查
男生女生合计男生女生合计
19629611 923
29809801 960
39639731 936
49539551 908
59209141 834
69459641 909
79739691 942117102219
89739791 952129134263
99739791 952
109699791 948136127339
119769961 972132147279
129729831 955
合计11 55911 63223 1915145101 024
), ArticleFig(id=1241342470273954548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460979376346, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Physical Test items of Each Grade

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
调查对象体质测试内容
1~2年级身高、体重、坐位体前屈、立定跳远、视力
3~4年级身高、体重、50 m跑、立定跳远、视力
5~6年级身高、体重、肺活量、握力、耐力跑（50 m×8往返跑）、立定跳远、视力
7~9年级身高、体重、肺活量、握力、耐力跑（男生1 000 m，女生800 m）、立定跳远、视力
10~12年级身高、体重、肺活量、握力、耐力跑（男生1 000 m，女生800 m）、立定跳远、视力
), ArticleFig(id=1241342470383006459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460979376346, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各年级的体质测试项目

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
调查对象体质测试内容
1~2年级身高、体重、坐位体前屈、立定跳远、视力
3~4年级身高、体重、50 m跑、立定跳远、视力
5~6年级身高、体重、肺活量、握力、耐力跑（50 m×8往返跑）、立定跳远、视力
7~9年级身高、体重、肺活量、握力、耐力跑（男生1 000 m，女生800 m）、立定跳远、视力
10~12年级身高、体重、肺活量、握力、耐力跑（男生1 000 m，女生800 m）、立定跳远、视力
), ArticleFig(id=1241342470529807104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460979376346, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Qualified Standards for Students’ Physique And Lifestyle

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目合格标准
视力≥5.0
吃早餐频率每天吃
每日锻炼时长（h）≥1
每日睡眠时长（h）小学生≥10，初中生≥9，高中生≥8
), ArticleFig(id=1241342472022979339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460979376346, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

学生生活方式合格标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目合格标准
视力≥5.0
吃早餐频率每天吃
每日锻炼时长（h）≥1
每日睡眠时长（h）小学生≥10，初中生≥9，高中生≥8
), ArticleFig(id=1241342472132031243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460979376346, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Physical Quality of Respondents with Different BMI Levels

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性别BMI等级坐位体前屈(cm,)1~2年级50米跑[s, M（）]3~4年级立定跳远（cm,）
1~2年级3~4年级5~6年级7~9年级10~12年级
男生极低8.45±4.029.05（8.90，9.10）138.08±16.80160.37±13.22176.93±16.63207.13±23.88230.24±21.90
低8.88±4.199.04（8.50，9.30）137.82±16.71160.94±13.99178.10±16.51209.26±23.33236.24±18.63
正常9.59±4.179.05（8.90，9.10）138.23±16.52161.24±14.60177.98±16.65216.56±24.41239.13±19.20
高9.94±4.149.07（9.00，9.70）135.48±17.79156.20±12.92175.01±19.30215.67±26.27236.56±20.38
极高10.41±4.039.35（9.04，10.02）132.31±17.71155.87±14.69168.39±17.79207.98±26.72229.21±21.04
F值4.50432.0422.6487.8965.74017.07414.242
P值0.001<0.0010.032<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
女生极低11.64±4.099.09（9.04，10.02）127.58±15.15150.57±13.72166.74±13.88179.00±19.12183.58±17.84
低12.19±4.129.09（9.04，10.02）129.15±15.66150.45±13.56166.40±14.45179.25±17.97184.82±19.14
正常12.85±4.079.09（9.04，10.02）128.58±15.43151.50±14.41166.59±16.29179.05±18.23182.08±18.24
高13.56±4.529.40（9.06，10.06）126.14±17.24147.82±14.17164.89±14.30175.80±18.64181.87±18.22
极高12.44±3.959.50（9.09，10.15）126.30±13.68150.32±13.76162.19±15.61172.66±18.45178.24±19.66
F值4.89225.0931.3082.8431.9576.1843.461
P值0.001<0.0010.2650.0230.119<0.0010.008
性别BMI等级肺活量体重指数()握力()耐力跑(自然对数值,)
5~6年级7~9年级10~12年级5~6年级7~9年级10~12年级5~6年级7~9年级10~12年级
男极低68.07±12.8668.20±12.1371.22±12.4916.22±3.9825.91±6.4535.75±5.574.64±0.115.53±0.115.46±0.09
低63.80±11.3163.96±9.8567.03±10.7916.36±3.4527.34±6.3936.45±5.514.65±0.095.51±0.115.43±0.09
正常59.43±10.8360.89±9.8563.87±9.6218.60±4.4431.44±7.3040.07±6.254.65±0.105.49±0.115.43±0.09
高50.82±7.7754.09±8.2959.00±9.1520.83±6.0434.03±8.2442.28±6.914.69±0.125.53±0.135.44±0.09
极高44.15±9.2648.70±8.8054.82±8.5021.25±5.6035.32±8.5744.43±6.534.75±0.135.57±0.145.47±0.10
F值92.426116.22869.94531.07469.64869.19814.34425.2828.674
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
女极低62.07±14.8056.32±11.0158.55±9.9914.66±3.0620.14±3.6223.23±4.064.69±0.075.40±0.105.41±0.09
低56.63±11.2453.61±9.8154.82±9.4215.23±3.3020.85±3.8323.83±3.944.69±0.085.40±0.105.41±0.10
正常51.37±10.6048.98±8.6950.88±8.7916.94±3.8022.45±4.2625.30±4.394.70±0.085.41±0.105.42±0.10
高45.80±7.8845.61±7.1248.20±8.4618.11±4.5623.95±4.3726.80±4.884.72±0.085.46±0.115.43±0.09
极高42.64±9.2440.82±7.4445.40±7.9619.47±5.0024.81±4.2127.68±5.004.76±0.085.48±0.115.45±0.10
F值51.01586.43061.72934.05243.18034.17414.61925.4345.489
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241342472253666064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460979376346, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同BMI等级调查对象的身体素质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别BMI等级坐位体前屈(cm,)1~2年级50米跑[s, M（）]3~4年级立定跳远（cm,）
1~2年级3~4年级5~6年级7~9年级10~12年级
男生极低8.45±4.029.05（8.90，9.10）138.08±16.80160.37±13.22176.93±16.63207.13±23.88230.24±21.90
低8.88±4.199.04（8.50，9.30）137.82±16.71160.94±13.99178.10±16.51209.26±23.33236.24±18.63
正常9.59±4.179.05（8.90，9.10）138.23±16.52161.24±14.60177.98±16.65216.56±24.41239.13±19.20
高9.94±4.149.07（9.00，9.70）135.48±17.79156.20±12.92175.01±19.30215.67±26.27236.56±20.38
极高10.41±4.039.35（9.04，10.02）132.31±17.71155.87±14.69168.39±17.79207.98±26.72229.21±21.04
F值4.50432.0422.6487.8965.74017.07414.242
P值0.001<0.0010.032<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
女生极低11.64±4.099.09（9.04，10.02）127.58±15.15150.57±13.72166.74±13.88179.00±19.12183.58±17.84
低12.19±4.129.09（9.04，10.02）129.15±15.66150.45±13.56166.40±14.45179.25±17.97184.82±19.14
正常12.85±4.079.09（9.04，10.02）128.58±15.43151.50±14.41166.59±16.29179.05±18.23182.08±18.24
高13.56±4.529.40（9.06，10.06）126.14±17.24147.82±14.17164.89±14.30175.80±18.64181.87±18.22
极高12.44±3.959.50（9.09，10.15）126.30±13.68150.32±13.76162.19±15.61172.66±18.45178.24±19.66
F值4.89225.0931.3082.8431.9576.1843.461
P值0.001<0.0010.2650.0230.119<0.0010.008
性别BMI等级肺活量体重指数()握力()耐力跑(自然对数值,)
5~6年级7~9年级10~12年级5~6年级7~9年级10~12年级5~6年级7~9年级10~12年级
男极低68.07±12.8668.20±12.1371.22±12.4916.22±3.9825.91±6.4535.75±5.574.64±0.115.53±0.115.46±0.09
低63.80±11.3163.96±9.8567.03±10.7916.36±3.4527.34±6.3936.45±5.514.65±0.095.51±0.115.43±0.09
正常59.43±10.8360.89±9.8563.87±9.6218.60±4.4431.44±7.3040.07±6.254.65±0.105.49±0.115.43±0.09
高50.82±7.7754.09±8.2959.00±9.1520.83±6.0434.03±8.2442.28±6.914.69±0.125.53±0.135.44±0.09
极高44.15±9.2648.70±8.8054.82±8.5021.25±5.6035.32±8.5744.43±6.534.75±0.135.57±0.145.47±0.10
F值92.426116.22869.94531.07469.64869.19814.34425.2828.674
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
女极低62.07±14.8056.32±11.0158.55±9.9914.66±3.0620.14±3.6223.23±4.064.69±0.075.40±0.105.41±0.09
低56.63±11.2453.61±9.8154.82±9.4215.23±3.3020.85±3.8323.83±3.944.69±0.085.40±0.105.41±0.10
正常51.37±10.6048.98±8.6950.88±8.7916.94±3.8022.45±4.2625.30±4.394.70±0.085.41±0.105.42±0.10
高45.80±7.8845.61±7.1248.20±8.4618.11±4.5623.95±4.3726.80±4.884.72±0.085.46±0.115.43±0.09
极高42.64±9.2440.82±7.4445.40±7.9619.47±5.0024.81±4.2127.68±5.004.76±0.085.48±0.115.45±0.10
F值51.01586.43061.72934.05243.18034.17414.61925.4345.489
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241342472362717977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460979376346, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Spearman Correlation Coefficient of BMI And Physical Fitness Index of Respondents

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性别项目坐位体前屈50米握力肺活量体重指数立定跳远1 000米（男）800米（女）
男rs0.1160.0670.601-0.2270.609-0.117-
P0.0000.0050.0000.0000.0000.000-
女rs0.0910.0380.519-0.3160.500-0.109
P0.0000.1100.0000.0000.000-0.000
总计rs0.0420.0220.499-0.2420.528-0.1170.109
P0.0090.1920.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241342472471769886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460979376346, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

调查对象BMI与身体素质指标的Spearman相关分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别项目坐位体前屈50米握力肺活量体重指数立定跳远1 000米（男）800米（女）
男rs0.1160.0670.601-0.2270.609-0.117-
P0.0000.0050.0000.0000.0000.000-
女rs0.0910.0380.519-0.3160.500-0.109
P0.0000.1100.0000.0000.000-0.000
总计rs0.0420.0220.499-0.2420.528-0.1170.109
P0.0090.1920.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241342472564044576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460979376346, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

BMI-Physical Fitness Composite Score Regression Curve

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分组男生女生
1~2年级无关联无关联
3~4年级y=-0.016X2+0.423X-2.532y=-0.005X2+0.123X-0.588
5~6年级y=-0.027X2+0.841X-6.214y=-0.012X2+0.314X-1.741
7~9年级y=-0.038X2+1.521X-14.666y=-0.008X2+0.163X-0.132
10~12年级y=-0.035X2+1.428X-14.233y=0.007X2-0.390X+5.160
), ArticleFig(id=1241342472694068007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460979376346, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

BMI-体质综合评分回归曲线

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组男生女生
1~2年级无关联无关联
3~4年级y=-0.016X2+0.423X-2.532y=-0.005X2+0.123X-0.588
5~6年级y=-0.027X2+0.841X-6.214y=-0.012X2+0.314X-1.741
7~9年级y=-0.038X2+1.521X-14.666y=-0.008X2+0.163X-0.132
10~12年级y=-0.035X2+1.428X-14.233y=0.007X2-0.390X+5.160
), ArticleFig(id=1241342472828285745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460979376346, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Pearson Correlation Coefficient of Physical Fitness Test Qualified Rate And Lifestyle of Respondents

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项目性别每日吃早餐锻炼时间睡眠时间
BMI男0.2350.2650.190
女0.688a0.497a-0.293
合计0.2590.390-0.505
肺活量体重指数男0.0010.504a0.067
女-0.260-0.090-0.175
合计-0.0600.015-0.122
握力体重指数男0.273-0.5990.227
女0.148-0.3060.133
合计0.330-0.677-0.422
立定跳远男0.0930.660a0.247
女-0.2520.1210.462
合计-0.3370.567a0.422
耐力跑男0.0930.6600.247
女-0.2520.1210.462
合计0.1590.4450.356
视力男0.1100.2100.099
女-0.2470.693a-0.002
合计-0.0930.425a-0.034
), ArticleFig(id=1241342472975086392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460979376346, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

调查对象体测合格率与生活方式的Pearson相关系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目性别每日吃早餐锻炼时间睡眠时间
BMI男0.2350.2650.190
女0.688a0.497a-0.293
合计0.2590.390-0.505
肺活量体重指数男0.0010.504a0.067
女-0.260-0.090-0.175
合计-0.0600.015-0.122
握力体重指数男0.273-0.5990.227
女0.148-0.3060.133
合计0.330-0.677-0.422
立定跳远男0.0930.660a0.247
女-0.2520.1210.462
合计-0.3370.567a0.422
耐力跑男0.0930.6600.247
女-0.2520.1210.462
合计0.1590.4450.356
视力男0.1100.2100.099
女-0.2470.693a-0.002
合计-0.0930.425a-0.034
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成都市中小学生身体素质与体质指数、生活方式的相关性研究
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邱爽 1 , 俞靓 2 , 吕晓华 1
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(4): 656-662
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(4): 656-662
成都市中小学生身体素质与体质指数、生活方式的相关性研究
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邱爽1, 俞靓2, 吕晓华1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院，四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川省运动技术学院

    • 邱爽（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：营养与健康

通讯作者:

吕晓华，E-mail：
Correlation research on between physical fitness and body mass index, lifestyle of primary and middle school students, Chengdu
Shuang QIU1, liang YU2, Xiao-hua LV1
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2024-02-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308521
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摘要
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目的

为中小学体育健康课程改革和健康教育提供依据。

方法

于2018年9月采用分层随机整群抽样法抽取成都市23 191名中小学生进行体质测试，另在7、8、10、11四个年级随机整群抽取1 024名中学生进行生活方式问卷调查。采用秩相关分析比较不同BMI等级学生身体素质的差异，采用线性相关性分析体质状况与饮食、锻炼、睡眠等生活方式的相关性。

结果

调查对象坐位体前屈（rs=0.042, P=0.009)、握力（rs=0.499, P<0.001）成绩随BMI等级递增，肺活量体重指数随BMI等级递减(rs=-0.242, P<0.001)；随着BMI等级增加，调查对象的体质综合评分基本呈先升后降的趋势。以BMI为自变量，体质综合评分为因变量，共得出8个回归方程：3~4年级：男：y=-0.016X2+0.423X-2.532，女：y=-0.005X2+0.123X-0.588；5~6年级：男：y=-0.027X2+0.841X-6.214，女：y=-0.012X2+0.314X-1.741；7~9年级：男：y=-0.038X2+1.521X-14.666，女：y=-0.008X2+0.163X-0.132；10~12年级：男：y= -0.035X2+1.428X-14.233，女：y=0.007X2-0.390X+5.160。调查对象的立定跳远(r=0.567, P<0.001)、视力合格率（r=0.425, P<0.001）与锻炼呈正相关；男生肺活量体重指数合格率（r=0.504, P=0.028）与锻炼呈正相关；女生BMI合格率与饮食（r=0.688, P=0.017）、锻炼（r=0.497, P=0.012）均呈正相关。

结论

中学生肺活量体重指数、立定跳远、视力状况均与锻炼有关。女生BMI与饮食有关。中小学生的BMI、身体素质、生活方式相互影响，互为因果。

中小学生  /  身体素质  /  体质指数  /  生活方式  /  相关性
Objective

To provide basis for health-related physical curriculum reform and health education in primary and secondary schools.

Methods

In September 2018, a total of 23 191 students from grades 1 to 12 in Chengdu were selected for a physical fitness test using a stratified random cluster sampling method. Additionally, 1 024 middle school students from grades 7, 8, 10, and 11 were randomly selected for a lifestyle questionnaire survey. Rank correlation analysis was employed to compare the differences in physical fitness among students with different BMI levels, and linear correlation analysis was used to examine the associations between physical fitness and lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and sleep.

Results

The respondents’ sit-and-reach test scores (rs=0.042, P=0.009), grip strength (rs=0.499, P<0.001) increased with BMI level, while the vital capacity body mass index decreased with BMI level (rs=-0.242, P<0.001). With increasing BMI levels, the physical comprehensive scores of the respondents tended to increase at first and then decrease. Using BMI as the independent variable and physical comprehensive score as the dependent variable, a total of eight regression equations were derived. As follows: Grades 3-4: male students: y=-0.016X2+0.423X-2.532, female students: y=-0.005X2+0.123X-0.588; Grades 5-6: male students: y=-0.027X2+0.841X-6.214, female students: y=-0.012X2+0.314X-1.741; Grades 7-9: male students: y=-0.038X2+1.521X-14.666, female students: y=-0.008X2+0.163X-0.132; Grades 10-12: male students: y=-0.035X2+1.428X-14.233, female students: y=0.007X2-0.390X+5.160. The pass rates of the surveyed subjects in the standing long jump (r=0.567, P<0.001) and visual acuity (r=0.425, P<0.001) were positively correlated with exercise. The vital capacity body mass index pass rate for male students(r=0.504, P=0.028) was positively correlated with exercise. The BMI pass rate for female students was positively correlated with both diet (r=0.688, P=0.017) and exercise (r=0.497, P=0.012).

Conclusion

Middle school students’ vital capacity body mass index, standing long jump, and visual acuity status were related to exercise. Female students’ BMI was related to diet. The physical fitness, BMI, and lifestyle of primary and middle school students are mutual influence, mutual cause and effect.

Primary and middle school students  /  Physical fitness  /  Body mass index  /  Lifestyle  /  Correlation
邱爽, 俞靓, 吕晓华. 成都市中小学生身体素质与体质指数、生活方式的相关性研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (4) : 656 -662 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308521
Shuang QIU, liang YU, Xiao-hua LV. Correlation research on between physical fitness and body mass index, lifestyle of primary and middle school students, Chengdu[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (4) : 656 -662 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308521
正文
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少年强则国强，青少年时期是决定个体未来健康的重要时期，健康体魄是青少年为祖国和人民服务的基本前提，是中华民族旺盛生命力的体现。自2005年以来，我国儿童青少年体格明显改善，表现在身体形态大幅度增长，身体充实度增加，青春期发育提前[1]，营养不良和缺铁性贫血患病率显著下降，农村和城市差距减小。与此同时，我国中小学生体质健康问题逐渐转型，目前学生所面临的健康挑战也不同以往，每天用于做课后作业、看电视、手机和电脑时间过长[2]，运动能力下降，不良生活方式导致视力下降、超重肥胖率不断攀升，心血管疾病等慢性病年轻化，在一些贫困地区营养不良和肥胖问题并存[3]。研究表明，营养状况和生活方式会给儿童青少年的体质带来一定影响[4-5]。营养状况是生理机能和运动能力的基石，反映个体最基本的健康水平。体质指数（body mass index，BMI）作为评价儿童青少年营养状况的常用指标，反映了人体脂肪总量和身体形态。BMI与生理机能、运动能力具有一定关联[6-8]。儿童青少年是最具可塑性的人群，在此阶段形成良好的生活方式，将对其一生产生深远影响。故本文以成都市中小学生体质指数和生活方式数据为基础，探究身体素质与BMI、生活方式之间的内在关系，为学校体育健康课程改革和健康教育提供依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　调查对象
采用分层随机整群抽样，于2018年9月在成都市20个区县分别抽出小学、初中、高中各一所，再按年级分层，以教学班为单位进行整群抽样。所抽取的班级数以能满足最低调研样本数为限，每年级样本量在2 000左右。学生进行体质测试[9]的学生纳入标准：1）发育健全；2）身体健康；3）能正常从事各项体育锻炼活动。排除标准：1）心、肝、脾、肾等主要脏器有器质性病变者；2）身体残缺、畸形者；3）急性病患者或一月内发生高烧、腹泻等急性病、体力尚未恢复者；4）正处于月经期的女生。最终抽取23 191名学生进行体质测试，其中男生11 559人，女生11 632人。9和12年级由于升学压力大，难以腾出时间参与研究。因此，在7、8、10、11四个年级按不少于10%的比例随机抽取教学班参加体质测试的学生进行问卷调查，具体见表1。体质测试和问卷调查均获得学校、家长和学生本人的知情同意。
1.2　调查问卷
在《2014年全国学生体质与健康调研实施方案调查问卷》的基础上适当修改，内容涵盖饮食、体育锻炼和生活习惯三方面。
1.3　主要仪器和器材
采用统一指定的体质测试仪器和器材，包括皮尺、电子计时器、标准对数视力表、同方健康5000系列CSTF-ST电子身高体重测量仪、CSTF-FH电子肺活测试仪、CSTF-WL电子握力计、CSTF-TQ坐位体前屈测试仪。测量仪器在使用前进行校准。
1.4　研究方法
1.4.1　体质测试
（1）体质测试内容　各年级的体质测试内容见表2，身体素质指标采用各项体质测试指标表示。
公式如下：
（2）体质指数分级
采用百分位数划分BMI等级，分为极低（BMI≤P5）、低（P5<BMI<P15）、正常（P15≤BMI≤P85）、高（P85<BMI<P95）和极高（≥P95）五个等级[10-11]。
（3）体质综合评分　根据各项身体素质指标的Z评分之和作为体质综合评分。
其中50米跑和耐力跑用时越短成绩越好，Z评分取相反数。以各项各项身体素质指标Z评分之和作为体质综合评分[12]。0分表示身体综合素质处于平均水平，正值表示身体素质优于同年级平均水平，绝对值越大，身体素质越好；负值表示身体素质差于同年级平均水平，绝对值越大，身体素质越差。
1.4.2　问卷调查
由经过统一培训的调查员发放并指导填写调查问卷。共发放1 024份问卷，回收有效问卷972份。无效问卷判定标准: ①回答率<50%；②单选题选择多个答案；③回答不符合常理。
1.4.3　评价标准
体质测试评价标准参见《国家学生体质健康标准》（2014年修订版）[9]。视力及生活方式评价标准见表3。
1.4.4　质量控制
（1） 统一培训体质测试人员和问卷调查人员。（2） 体质测试仪器和器材在使用前进行校准。（3） 问卷调查在正式调查前进行预调查，对问卷中的错误进行及时纠正，对容易产生歧义的问题进行适当的修改和注释。（4）收回的调查问卷采取双人双录入的方法，仔细核对，查漏查误。
1.4.5　数据统计分析
采用EXCEL 2010建立数据库，采用SPSS 20.0统计分析软件进行统计分析。对符合或近似正态分布的数据采用表示，采用t检验和单因素方差分析。对分布不明确或偏态资料采用M（P25，P75）表示，采用K-W检验。率的比较采用卡方检验。对BMI和各项身体素质指标进行秩相关分析，计算Spearman相关系数。各项体质测试项目合格率与饮食、锻炼、睡眠合格率采用直线相关分析，计算Pearson系数。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　不同BMI等级调查对象的身体素质
如表4(a)、表4(b)所示，1~2年级男生坐位体前屈成绩随BMI等级增加而增加，而女生则在高BMI等级组达到峰值，极高BMI等级组成绩略有下滑；50米跑和耐力跑随BMI等级升高，不合格率呈上升趋势，正常范围及以下BMI组别不合格率较低；肺活量和握力在三个年级性别组都与BMI呈正相关，而肺活量体重指数和握力体重指数则正好相反。男生进入高中后，高、极高BMI组与正常BMI组间均数差距缩小，而女生各BMI等级组间均数差距保持不变；立定跳远各年级组男生整体成绩分布随BMI等级增加呈先降后升的“倒V字”趋势，比女生变化明显。女生各BMI等级组间差距小于男生，中学的较低BMI组跳远成绩有反超正常BMI组的趋势，只在高和极高BMI组成绩较差。
如表5所示，男生1 000米用时与BMI呈负相关，而女生800米用时则与BMI呈较弱的正相关；BMI与坐位体前屈和50米相关性弱，且女生50米成绩显示与BMI无关；BMI与握力、立定跳远具有较强的正相关，与肺活量体重指数呈负相关。
2.2　不同BMI等级调查对象的体质综合评分
将调查对象分为5个年级组，以BMI为自变量，体质综合评分为因变量，进行回归分析，得出男女生各4条曲线，见表6和图1所示。
3~12年级男生的BMI-体质综合评分回归曲线呈先升高后下降趋势，3~4年级男生体质综合评分在低BMI处达到最高点，5~12年级男生体质综合评分最高点在低和正常BMI等级范围内；初高中男生回归曲线变化趋势较为接近，且相同BMI等级的学生体质综合评分相近；3~12年级女生的BMI-体质综合评分回归曲线呈下降趋势，体质综合评分在低和极低BMI范围时最高点，高中女生的BMI-体质综合评分回归曲线开口向上，高BMI等级组在BMI 27.86节点后评分回升，相较其他年级评分较高。
2.3　调查对象体质与生活方式的相关性
如表7所示，调查对象立定跳远合格率与锻炼合格率呈正相关（P<0.001），视力合格率与锻炼合格率呈正相关（P<0.001）；男生肺活量体重指数合格率与锻炼合格率呈正相关（P=0.028）；女生BMI合格率与饮食合格率呈正相关（P=0.017），与锻炼合格率呈正相关（P=0.012）。
3　讨论
收起
3.1　学生身体素质与BMI的关系
超重和肥胖对身体素质影响巨大，会导致呼吸负担加重，运动时耗能大，协调性、柔韧性和爆发力降低[13]。而低体重往往导致营养不良和贫血，有时甚至会影响到后续生长发育，适宜的BMI对获取峰值骨密度尤为重要[14]。
肺活量是身体呼吸机能的反映，肺活量体重指数可大体反映人体的最大摄氧水平和心肺功能。肺活量与BMI呈正相关，而肺活量体重指数与BMI呈负相关，肺活量体重指数这一指标更科学。本次调查发现，随着年级升高，中学生肺活量体重指数呈下降趋势，且肺活量体重指数合格率与锻炼合格率呈正相关。因此，BMI在一定程度上影响肺通气功能，学生肺活量体重指数的下降与锻炼不足有一定关系。握力能反映肌肉的相对力量，本次调查发现，高BMI者更占优势，与肺活量结果相似，握力体重指数与BMI呈负相关，影响握力的因素有身高,体重，坐高,胸围等，消除体重影响后，反映出高BMI者前臂和手部肌肉的相对力量不足。立定跳远能综合反映学生的弹跳力、爆发力、身体协调性等多方面身体素质。根据此次研究结果，BMI正常的学生成绩最佳，整体分布随BMI等级增加呈倒V字，男生比女生趋势明显，表明BMI过高或过低都会导致运动素质的降低。50米跑和耐力跑反映学生的速度和耐力，高BMI等级组下滑明显，表明超重肥胖对学生速度与耐力素质影响较大。柔韧性项目坐位体前屈仅在1~2年级测试，超重肥胖的学生柔韧性更差。学生视力随年级升高而恶化，视力正常学生不足1/5，重度近视的学生到11年级接近1/2。学生视力合格率与锻炼合格率呈正相关，推测学生视力变化与锻炼有一定的关系。
回归分析结果显示，男生综合体质在BMI处于正常范围时最好，而女生综合体质在BMI略低于正常范围时最好。随着年级升高，男生BMI-体质综合评分回归曲线对称轴右移，从低年级的递减逐渐变为先升后降，高和极高BMI等级组体质综合评分下降显著；女生BMI-体质综合评分回归曲线则保持下降趋势，而高中女生的BMI-体质综合评分回归曲线开口向上，高BMI等级组在BMI 27.86节点后评分回升，相较其他年级评分较高，这可能暗示高中女生在较高BMI范围内仍维持着较好的体质。
3.2　学生身体素质、BMI与生活方式的关系
世界卫生组织指出，健康15％取决于遗传，10％由社会条件决定，8％依靠医疗条件，7％受制于自然环境，60％要靠个人良好的生活方式[15]。良好的生活方式是决定一个人健康体质最为重要的因素。国内也有研究表明，中小学生的生活方式主要表现在饮食、体育锻炼、睡眠三个方面，具有积极生活方式的儿童比不具有积极生活方式的儿童发生超重和肥胖的风险低[16]。改变生活方式，对学生的身体素质也能起到重要影响[14]。
良好的早餐习惯、充足的睡眠、合理的体育锻炼是健康生活方式的组成部分，有助于促进学生的体质健康[17-19]。本次调查结果显示，学生进入高中后吃早餐的频率突然降低，偶尔吃一次早餐的人数增加。学生每日锻炼时长随着年级的增大而不断下降，且女生每日锻炼人数的占比低于男生，下降的趋势高于男生。每日睡眠时间小于7小时的学生比例随年级升高而增加，而每日睡眠时间大于9小时的学生比例随年级升高而减少。中学生的睡眠时间不足，尤其是高年级。随着年级升高，学生的学业负担加重，为了挤出时间，不得已只能牺牲早餐、锻炼以及睡眠时间，这对学生的健康影响极大。除了学业压力和作业时间，手机等电子产品的频繁使用也影响学生的睡眠时间[20-21]。
本次调查发现，成都市中学生肺活量体重指数、立定跳远、视力等三项体测指标合格率与锻炼呈正相关，女生BMI合格率与饮食、锻炼呈正相关。体育锻炼水平是学生体质的重要影响因素，学生锻炼意向主要受学校教育制度、学校体育环境影响[22]。改革中学体育教学评价体系、规范学校课程设置、加强健康教育，增强学生主动锻炼意识，可望提高学生体质健康水平。
综上所述，BMI在正常范围内的中小学生体质状况较好，膳食结构不合理、睡眠不足、缺乏运动等不良习惯仍然存在。中学生肺活量体重指数、立定跳远、视力状况均与锻炼呈正相关，女生BMI与饮食明显相关。中小学生的体质、营养状况、生活方式相互影响，互为因果。针对此现状，倡导体育生活方式为主线，多方联动，建立一个学校、家庭、社会和自我教育的网络式的健康生活方式教育系统，对培养学生的健康生活方式，早期预防生活方式相关的慢性非传染性疾病具有积极意义。
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2024年第51卷第4期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308521
  • 接收时间：2023-08-31
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2024-02-25
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  • 收稿日期：2023-08-31
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    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院，四川 成都 610041
    2.四川省运动技术学院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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