Article(id=1241342460056629384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241342451043061769, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308208, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1691942400000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773888705504, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1708790400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773888705504, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773888705504, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773888705504, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241342451043061769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='4', pageStart='577', pageEnd='768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773888703356, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773893026321, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241360582939562716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241342451043061769, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241360582939562717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241342451043061769, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=651, endPage=655, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241342461071651043, articleId=1241342460056629384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Growth and nutrition status of 3-6 year old children in Zhejiang, 2014-2020, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the current situation and trend of growth, development and nutrition of children aged 3-6 in Zhejiang Province, To provide reference for improving growth and development level.

Methods

Under the unified organization of the National Physical Fitness Monitoring Center, the research group measured the body shape data of children aged 3 to 6 years in Zhejiang Province, and compared and analyzed the body shape data of children aged 3 to 6 years in Zhejiang Province based on 2014 and 2020.

Results

In terms of growth and development, the children aged 3-6 years in Zhejiang Province were in good condition in 2020, and all indicators of boys were higher than those of girls (P<0.05), with a small urban-rural difference. Compared with 2014, height (Fman=4.08, P<0.05; Fwomen=210.82, P<0.01), weight (Fman=18.33, P<0.01; Fwomen=10.26, P<0.01) and BMI (Fman=25.41, P<0.01; Fwomen=6.19, P<0.05) increased in 2020 (P<0.05). In terms of nutritional status, the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 13.0% and 8.4% among children aged 3-6 years in Zhejiang province in 2020, and the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in boys were higher than those in girls (P<0.05). The rates of overweight and obesity in rural boys were 1.6% and 2.6% higher than those in urban children, and the rates in rural girls were 2.4% and 1.2% higher than those in urban children. From 2014 to 2020, the overall prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in young children showed an upward trend. The overweight and obesity rates in boys increased by 3.1% and 2.0%, respectively (P< 0.05), and girls increased by 0.9% and 0.4%, respectively.

Conclusion

In Zhejiang Province, children’s growth and development level increase steadily, but the risk of overweight and obesity is on the rise, especially in rural areas. Effective measures should be taken to curb the growing trend of overweight and obesity.

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目的

探索浙江省3~6岁幼儿生长发育和营养状况现状,为幼儿生长发育水平提升提供依据。

方法

在国家国民体质监测中心统一组织下,课题组对浙江省3~6岁幼儿的身体形态数据进行测量,并基于2014年和2020年浙江省3~6岁幼儿的身体形态数据进行对比分析。

结果

生长发育方面,2020年浙江省3~6岁幼儿生长发育情况良好,男幼儿各指标高于女幼儿(P<0.05),城乡差异较小。与2014年相比,2020年身高(F=4.08,P<0.05;F=210.82,P<0.01)、体重(F=18.33,P<0.01;F=10.26,P<0.01)和BMI(F=25.41,P<0.01;F=6.19,P<0.05)均保持增长。营养状况方面,2020年,浙江省3~6岁幼儿超重、肥胖检出率分别为13.0%和8.4%,男幼儿大于女幼儿(P<0.05)。乡村男幼儿超重、肥胖检出率分别比城镇高1.6%和2.6%,女幼儿分别比城镇高2.4%和1.2%,乡村反超城镇。2014—2020年期间,幼儿超重肥胖率总体呈上升趋势,男幼儿超重、肥胖率分别增长3.1%和2.0%(P<0.05),女幼儿分别增长0.9%和0.4%。

结论

浙江省幼儿生长发育水平稳步增长,但超重肥胖风险呈上升趋势,尤其是乡村;应采取有效措施,遏制超重、肥胖增长趋势。

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薛亮,E-mail:
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薛亮(1980—),男,本科,副研究员,研究方向:运动促进健康

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Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome, 2021, 30(2): 141-148., articleTitle=Obesity fact sheet in Korea, 2020: prevalence of obesity by obesity class from 2009 to 2018, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241342472698262312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460056629384, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=5, pageStart=107, pageEnd=125, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=17, authorNames=李瑶玥, 王桂新, journalName=人口与发展, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李瑶玥,王桂新.社会经济因素对中国居民肥胖的影响[J].人口与发展202228(5):107-125., articleTitle=社会经济因素对中国居民肥胖的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241342472824091440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460056629384, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=5, pageStart=107, pageEnd=125, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Li YY, Wang GX, journalName=Population and Development, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li YY, Wang GX. Impacts of socioeconomic factors on obesity among Chinese adults[J]. Population and Development, 2022, 28(5): 107-125., articleTitle=Impacts of socioeconomic factors on obesity among Chinese adults, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241342472962503478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460056629384, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=9, issue=6, pageStart=373, pageEnd=392, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Pan XF, Wang LM, Pan A, journalName=The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pan XF, Wang LM, Pan A. Epidemiology and determinants of obesity in China[J]. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2021, 9(6): 373-392., articleTitle=Epidemiology and determinants of obesity in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241342473088332602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460056629384, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=20, authorNames=国务院新闻办, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国务院新闻办.国务院新闻办就《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2020年)》有关情况举行发布会[EB/OL]. [2024-01-15].https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-12/24/content_5572983.htm., articleTitle=国务院新闻办就《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2020年)》有关情况举行发布会, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241342473172218689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460056629384, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=21, authorNames=NState Council Information Office, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NState Council Information Office. The Information Office of The State Council held a press conference on the Report on the Nutrition and Chronic Diseases of Chinese Residents (2020)[EB/OL]. [2024-01-15]. https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-12/24/content_5572983.htm., articleTitle=The Information Office of The State Council held a press conference on the Report on the Nutrition and Chronic Diseases of Chinese Residents (2020), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241342473264493382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460056629384, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Larsen JK, Karssen LT, Van der veek SMC, journalName=Frontiers in Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Larsen JK, Karssen LT, Van der veek SMC. Targeting food parenting practices to prevent early child obesity risk requires a different approach in families with a lower socioeconomic position[J]. Frontiers in Public Health, 2022, 10: 1012509., articleTitle=Targeting food parenting practices to prevent early child obesity risk requires a different approach in families with a lower socioeconomic position, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241342469242155701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460056629384, awardId=2024N134, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省社科联研究项目(2024N134), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241342463537901907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460056629384, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241342463567262042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460056629384, companyId=1241342463537901907, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Zhejiang Institute of Sports Science (Zhejiang Anti Doping Center), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of National Physical Fitness and Fitness Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241342463575650651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460056629384, companyId=1241342463537901907, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.浙江体育科学研究所(浙江省反兴奋剂中心),浙江省国民体质与健身技术研究重点实验室 浙江 杭州 310000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241342463722451307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460056629384, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241342463730839916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460056629384, companyId=1241342463722451307, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.杭州师范大学体育学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241342467623154254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460056629384, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The average of body shape indexes of 3~6 year old children in Zhejiang Province in 2000

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)性别人数身高(cm)体重(kg)胸围(cm)BMI(kg/m2)
3.0313100.1±4.615.9±2.152.1±3.715.9±1.8
31198.8±4.115.2±1.951.0±3.415.5±1.6
差值1.3b0.7b1.1b0.4a
3.5735102.6±4.316.9±2.153.0±3.716.0±1.6
640101.5±4.316.2±2.051.5±3.615.7±1.5
差值1.1b0.7b1.5b0.3b
4.0506106.5±4.517.9±2.453.5±3.615.8±1.6
497105.7±4.417.4±2.451.9±4.915.5±1.6
差值0.8a0.5b1.6b0.3a
4.5452109.0±4.219.0±2.553.7±4.015.9±1.6
509108.0±4.318.1±2.352.6±4.315.5±1.5
差值1.0b0.9b1.1b0.4b
5.0369113.3±4.720.4±3.054.8±4.415.9±1.8
388112.1±4.519.6±2.953.1±5.815.5±1.7
差值1.2b0.8b1.7b0.4a
5.5632116.0±4.721.7±3.355.5±4.516.1±1.8
651115.1±4.620.5±2.853.9±4.315.5±1.7
差值0.9b1.2b1.6b0.6b
6.0926119.0±5.323.0±3.856.7±4.716.2±2.0
961117.7±5.221.7±3.555.0±4.915.6±1.8
差值1.3b1.3b1.7b0.6b
3.0~6.0F男女37.04134.51338.81136.80
男女P<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1241342467728011864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460056629384, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2000年浙江省3~6岁幼儿生长发育水平一览表(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)性别人数身高(cm)体重(kg)胸围(cm)BMI(kg/m2)
3.0313100.1±4.615.9±2.152.1±3.715.9±1.8
31198.8±4.115.2±1.951.0±3.415.5±1.6
差值1.3b0.7b1.1b0.4a
3.5735102.6±4.316.9±2.153.0±3.716.0±1.6
640101.5±4.316.2±2.051.5±3.615.7±1.5
差值1.1b0.7b1.5b0.3b
4.0506106.5±4.517.9±2.453.5±3.615.8±1.6
497105.7±4.417.4±2.451.9±4.915.5±1.6
差值0.8a0.5b1.6b0.3a
4.5452109.0±4.219.0±2.553.7±4.015.9±1.6
509108.0±4.318.1±2.352.6±4.315.5±1.5
差值1.0b0.9b1.1b0.4b
5.0369113.3±4.720.4±3.054.8±4.415.9±1.8
388112.1±4.519.6±2.953.1±5.815.5±1.7
差值1.2b0.8b1.7b0.4a
5.5632116.0±4.721.7±3.355.5±4.516.1±1.8
651115.1±4.620.5±2.853.9±4.315.5±1.7
差值0.9b1.2b1.6b0.6b
6.0926119.0±5.323.0±3.856.7±4.716.2±2.0
961117.7±5.221.7±3.555.0±4.915.6±1.8
差值1.3b1.3b1.7b0.6b
3.0~6.0F男女37.04134.51338.81136.80
男女P<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1241342467870618209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460056629384, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of body shape level of 3~6 year old children between urban and rural areas in Zhejiang Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别/年龄
3456F城乡P3456F城乡P
身高(cm)34.820.0020.940.00
城镇102.1108.1115.7119.3100.8107.0114.4118.4
乡村101.4107.2114.4118.7100.5106.8113.6117.1
差值0.7a0.9b1.3b0.60.30.20.8b1.3b
体重(kg)3.950.040.990.32
城镇16.718.521.323.016.017.720.321.7
乡村16.418.321.123.015.717.820.121.7
差值0.3a0.20.20.00.3b-0.10.20.0
胸围(cm)0.070.791.280.25
城镇52.553.655.256.951.452.353.655.4
乡村52.953.655.356.551.352.353.754.7
差值-0.40.0-0.10.40.10.0-0.10.7a
BMI(kg/m2)2.690.103.740.05
城镇16.015.815.916.115.815.515.415.5
乡村16.015.916.016.215.615.615.515.8
差值0.0-0.10.1-0.10.2b-0.1-0.1-0.3b
), ArticleFig(id=1241342467996447338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460056629384, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

浙江省3~6岁幼儿身体形态水平城乡对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别/年龄
3456F城乡P3456F城乡P
身高(cm)34.820.0020.940.00
城镇102.1108.1115.7119.3100.8107.0114.4118.4
乡村101.4107.2114.4118.7100.5106.8113.6117.1
差值0.7a0.9b1.3b0.60.30.20.8b1.3b
体重(kg)3.950.040.990.32
城镇16.718.521.323.016.017.720.321.7
乡村16.418.321.123.015.717.820.121.7
差值0.3a0.20.20.00.3b-0.10.20.0
胸围(cm)0.070.791.280.25
城镇52.553.655.256.951.452.353.655.4
乡村52.953.655.356.551.352.353.754.7
差值-0.40.0-0.10.40.10.0-0.10.7a
BMI(kg/m2)2.690.103.740.05
城镇16.015.815.916.115.815.515.415.5
乡村16.015.916.016.215.615.615.515.8
差值0.0-0.10.1-0.10.2b-0.1-0.1-0.3b
), ArticleFig(id=1241342468378129019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460056629384, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of growth and development levels of children aged 3 to 6 in Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2020

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别/年龄
3456FP3456FP
身高(cm)4.080.0410.820.00
2014101.7107.0113.7120.2100.2105.8112.7119.2
2020101.7107.6115.0119.0100.6106.9114.0117.7
差值0.00.6b1.3b-1.2b0.4a1.1b1.3b-1.5b
体重(kg)18.330.0010.260.00
201416.418.020.523.115.717.319.622.1
202016.518.421.223.015.917.820.221.7
差值0.10.4b0.7b-0.10.20.5b0.6b-0.4a
胸围(cm)108.670.000.110.74
201452.854.256.358.351.652.954.656.4
202052.753.655.356.751.452.253.655.0
差值-0.1-0.6b-1.0b-1.6b-0.2-0.7-1.0b-1.4b
BMI(kg/m2)25.410.006.190.01
201415.915.715.916.015.615.515.415.6
202016.015.916.016.215.715.515.515.6
差值0.10.2b0.1a0.2b0.10.00.10.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241342468516541059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342460056629384, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2014—2020年浙江省3~6岁幼儿生长发育水平对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别/年龄
3456FP3456FP
身高(cm)4.080.0410.820.00
2014101.7107.0113.7120.2100.2105.8112.7119.2
2020101.7107.6115.0119.0100.6106.9114.0117.7
差值0.00.6b1.3b-1.2b0.4a1.1b1.3b-1.5b
体重(kg)18.330.0010.260.00
201416.418.020.523.115.717.319.622.1
202016.518.421.223.015.917.820.221.7
差值0.10.4b0.7b-0.10.20.5b0.6b-0.4a
胸围(cm)108.670.000.110.74
201452.854.256.358.351.652.954.656.4
202052.753.655.356.751.452.253.655.0
差值-0.1-0.6b-1.0b-1.6b-0.2-0.7-1.0b-1.4b
BMI(kg/m2)25.410.006.190.01
201415.915.715.916.015.615.515.415.6
202016.015.916.016.215.715.515.515.6
差值0.10.2b0.1a0.2b0.10.00.10.0
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Comparison of growth and development levels of children aged 3 to 6 in Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2020

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性别/年龄χ2性别P
3456总计3456总计
超重率(%)
城乡
合计14.815.315.215.415.210.210.810.711.910.936.43<0.01
城镇13.814.315.315.414.711.89.69.212.110.6
乡村15.916.215.115.415.78.612.012.211.811.2
城乡
差值-2.1-1.90.20.0-1.03.2-2.4-3.00.3-0.6
χ2城乡0.950.800.10.00.762.793.582.760.020.25
P0.330.370.920.990.380.090.060.100.890.56
肥胖率(%)
城乡
合计9.710.012.311.411.05.16.75.16.55.878.24<0.01
城镇9.610.110.910.810.36.35.44.85.65.5
乡村9.910.513.112.011.63.97.95.37.36.1
]城乡
差值-0.3-0.4-2.2-1.2-1.32.4-2.5-0.5-1.7-0.6
χ2城乡0.040.531.270.421.973.502.871.891.410.76
P0.850.470.260.520.160.610.900.660.240.38
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2020年浙江省城乡3~6岁幼儿超重、肥胖检出率对比

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性别/年龄χ2性别P
3456总计3456总计
超重率(%)
城乡
合计14.815.315.215.415.210.210.810.711.910.936.43<0.01
城镇13.814.315.315.414.711.89.69.212.110.6
乡村15.916.215.115.415.78.612.012.211.811.2
城乡
差值-2.1-1.90.20.0-1.03.2-2.4-3.00.3-0.6
χ2城乡0.950.800.10.00.762.793.582.760.020.25
P0.330.370.920.990.380.090.060.100.890.56
肥胖率(%)
城乡
合计9.710.012.311.411.05.16.75.16.55.878.24<0.01
城镇9.610.110.910.810.36.35.44.85.65.5
乡村9.910.513.112.011.63.97.95.37.36.1
]城乡
差值-0.3-0.4-2.2-1.2-1.32.4-2.5-0.5-1.7-0.6
χ2城乡0.040.531.270.421.973.502.871.891.410.76
P0.850.470.260.520.160.610.900.660.240.38
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The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children aged 3~6 in urban and rural areas of Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2020

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年龄群体201420202020—2014差值
超重(%)肥胖(%)超重(%)肥胖(%)超重(%)肥胖(%)
3城镇11.59.710.35.413.811.89.66.32.32.1-0.70.9
乡村13.910.88.16.315.98.69.93.92.0-2.21.8-2.4
小计11.710.29.15.914.810.29.75.13.10.00.6-0.8
4城镇12.911.18.54.314.39.610.15.41.4a-1.51.61.1
乡村10.510.48.75.516.212.010.57.95.7a1.61.82.4
小计11.710.88.64.915.310.810.06.73.6a0.01.41.8
5城镇12.010.310.26.715.39.210.94.83.3-1.10.7-1.9
乡村12.28.18.94.015.112.213.15.32.94.1a4.2a1.3
小计12.19.29.55.315.210.712.35.13.11.52.8-0.2
6城镇12.912.19.96.315.412.110.85.62.50.00.9-0.7
乡村11.17.58.04.915.411.812.07.34.3a4.3a4.0a2.4
小计12.09.78.95.515.411.911.46.53.4a2.22.51.0
总计城镇12.410.99.75.714.710.610.35.52.3a-0.30.6-0.2
乡村11.89.18.45.115.711.211.66.13.9a2.1a3.2a1.0
小计12.110.09.05.415.210.911.05.83.1a0.92.0a0.4
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浙江省3~6岁幼儿2014—2020年城乡超重、肥胖检出率

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年龄群体201420202020—2014差值
超重(%)肥胖(%)超重(%)肥胖(%)超重(%)肥胖(%)
3城镇11.59.710.35.413.811.89.66.32.32.1-0.70.9
乡村13.910.88.16.315.98.69.93.92.0-2.21.8-2.4
小计11.710.29.15.914.810.29.75.13.10.00.6-0.8
4城镇12.911.18.54.314.39.610.15.41.4a-1.51.61.1
乡村10.510.48.75.516.212.010.57.95.7a1.61.82.4
小计11.710.88.64.915.310.810.06.73.6a0.01.41.8
5城镇12.010.310.26.715.39.210.94.83.3-1.10.7-1.9
乡村12.28.18.94.015.112.213.15.32.94.1a4.2a1.3
小计12.19.29.55.315.210.712.35.13.11.52.8-0.2
6城镇12.912.19.96.315.412.110.85.62.50.00.9-0.7
乡村11.17.58.04.915.411.812.07.34.3a4.3a4.0a2.4
小计12.09.78.95.515.411.911.46.53.4a2.22.51.0
总计城镇12.410.99.75.714.710.610.35.52.3a-0.30.6-0.2
乡村11.89.18.45.115.711.211.66.13.9a2.1a3.2a1.0
小计12.110.09.05.415.210.911.05.83.1a0.92.0a0.4
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2014—2020年浙江省3~6岁幼儿生长和营养状况分析
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薛亮 1 , 潘奇 2 , 周莹 1
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(4): 651-655
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(4): 651-655
2014—2020年浙江省3~6岁幼儿生长和营养状况分析
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薛亮1 , 潘奇2, 周莹1
作者信息
  • 1.浙江体育科学研究所(浙江省反兴奋剂中心),浙江省国民体质与健身技术研究重点实验室 浙江 杭州 310000
  • 2.杭州师范大学体育学院
  • 薛亮(1980—),男,本科,副研究员,研究方向:运动促进健康

通讯作者:

薛亮,E-mail:
Growth and nutrition status of 3-6 year old children in Zhejiang, 2014-2020
Liang XUE1 , Qi PAN2, Ying ZHOU1
Affiliations
  • Zhejiang Institute of Sports Science (Zhejiang Anti Doping Center), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of National Physical Fitness and Fitness Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
出版时间: 2024-02-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308208
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目的

探索浙江省3~6岁幼儿生长发育和营养状况现状,为幼儿生长发育水平提升提供依据。

方法

在国家国民体质监测中心统一组织下,课题组对浙江省3~6岁幼儿的身体形态数据进行测量,并基于2014年和2020年浙江省3~6岁幼儿的身体形态数据进行对比分析。

结果

生长发育方面,2020年浙江省3~6岁幼儿生长发育情况良好,男幼儿各指标高于女幼儿(P<0.05),城乡差异较小。与2014年相比,2020年身高(F=4.08,P<0.05;F=210.82,P<0.01)、体重(F=18.33,P<0.01;F=10.26,P<0.01)和BMI(F=25.41,P<0.01;F=6.19,P<0.05)均保持增长。营养状况方面,2020年,浙江省3~6岁幼儿超重、肥胖检出率分别为13.0%和8.4%,男幼儿大于女幼儿(P<0.05)。乡村男幼儿超重、肥胖检出率分别比城镇高1.6%和2.6%,女幼儿分别比城镇高2.4%和1.2%,乡村反超城镇。2014—2020年期间,幼儿超重肥胖率总体呈上升趋势,男幼儿超重、肥胖率分别增长3.1%和2.0%(P<0.05),女幼儿分别增长0.9%和0.4%。

结论

浙江省幼儿生长发育水平稳步增长,但超重肥胖风险呈上升趋势,尤其是乡村;应采取有效措施,遏制超重、肥胖增长趋势。

3~6岁幼儿  /  生长发育  /  营养状况  /  超重肥胖
Objective

To explore the current situation and trend of growth, development and nutrition of children aged 3-6 in Zhejiang Province, To provide reference for improving growth and development level.

Methods

Under the unified organization of the National Physical Fitness Monitoring Center, the research group measured the body shape data of children aged 3 to 6 years in Zhejiang Province, and compared and analyzed the body shape data of children aged 3 to 6 years in Zhejiang Province based on 2014 and 2020.

Results

In terms of growth and development, the children aged 3-6 years in Zhejiang Province were in good condition in 2020, and all indicators of boys were higher than those of girls (P<0.05), with a small urban-rural difference. Compared with 2014, height (Fman=4.08, P<0.05; Fwomen=210.82, P<0.01), weight (Fman=18.33, P<0.01; Fwomen=10.26, P<0.01) and BMI (Fman=25.41, P<0.01; Fwomen=6.19, P<0.05) increased in 2020 (P<0.05). In terms of nutritional status, the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 13.0% and 8.4% among children aged 3-6 years in Zhejiang province in 2020, and the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in boys were higher than those in girls (P<0.05). The rates of overweight and obesity in rural boys were 1.6% and 2.6% higher than those in urban children, and the rates in rural girls were 2.4% and 1.2% higher than those in urban children. From 2014 to 2020, the overall prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in young children showed an upward trend. The overweight and obesity rates in boys increased by 3.1% and 2.0%, respectively (P< 0.05), and girls increased by 0.9% and 0.4%, respectively.

Conclusion

In Zhejiang Province, children’s growth and development level increase steadily, but the risk of overweight and obesity is on the rise, especially in rural areas. Effective measures should be taken to curb the growing trend of overweight and obesity.

3-6 years old children  /  Growth and development  /  Nutritional status  /  Overweight and obesity
薛亮, 潘奇, 周莹. 2014—2020年浙江省3~6岁幼儿生长和营养状况分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (4) : 651 -655 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308208
Liang XUE, Qi PAN, Ying ZHOU. Growth and nutrition status of 3-6 year old children in Zhejiang, 2014-2020[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (4) : 651 -655 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308208
幼儿是国家和民族兴旺发展的未来,幼儿体质更是社会发展的基石,其体质与健康问题已经成为社会和家庭普遍关注的热点。2021年9月国务院印发的《中国儿童发展纲要(2021-2030年)》[1]指出增强儿童体质健康、促进儿童健康成长是建设社会主义现代化强国的基础。党和国家非常重视儿童的体质健康工作,自2000年起,我国开始实施包含学前儿童在内每5年为一周期的国民体质监测调查制度。
人体生长发育有其自身的变化规律,但也受外部因素(生活方式、地理环境、政治经济等)的影响,我国幅员辽阔,近年来监测数据显示,各个地区幼儿生长发育水平皆不尽相同,幼儿体质存在一定地域差异[2]。查阅相关文献,未发现2014年与2020年浙江幼儿生长发育水平纵向对比研究,也未见2020年覆盖浙江全省幼儿生长发育水平的研究。基于此,本研究基于浙江省2014和2020年第四、五次国民体质监测数据,分析2020年浙江省3~6岁幼儿生长发育水平,并比较2014年和2020年的监测结果,探究这些差异产生的原因,以期为浙江幼儿体质健康工作提供参考。
浙江省3~6岁幼儿,包括2014年有效样本量8 535人(男4 281人,女4 254人)和2020年9 017人(男幼儿4 497人,女幼儿4 520人)。
按照国家《国民体质监测工作方案》的要求,采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,在浙江省国民体质监测定点幼儿园抽取监测对象,身高、胸围精确都到0.1 cm,体重精确到0.1 kg,体质指数 (body mass index,BMI) =体重/身高2(kg/m2 )。
本研究对超重、肥胖分类的判定标准,采用国内学者建立的全国超重、肥胖临界值[3]。运用双样本均数T检验和方差分析法进行男与女、城镇与乡村和2014年与2020年的均值进行检验,运用χ2检验对2014与2020年超重肥胖检出率进行对比,检验水准α=0.05,统计软件为SPSS 26.0。
2020年幼儿各年龄身高随年龄增长而增长,每增0.5岁增长2.5~4.3 cm,胸围每增0.5岁增长0.2~1.2 cm;BMI每增0.5岁增长-0.2~0.2 kg/m2;男幼儿各指标均值均高于女幼儿(P<0.05)。(见表1)。
男、女幼儿平均身高城镇均高于乡村(P<0.01),男幼儿体重城镇高于乡村(P<0.05),男女幼儿BMI、女幼儿体重、男女幼儿胸围城乡之间差异均无统计学意义。(见表2)。
与2014年对比,2020年男、女幼儿身高、体重和BMI均显著增长(P<0.05),进一步分年龄看,这三个指标3~5岁普遍增长,而6岁组则有所降低;胸围男幼儿均呈下降趋势(P<0.05),见表3
2020年浙江省3~6岁幼儿超重检出率为13.0%,且男、女幼儿分别为15.2%和10.9%,男幼儿各年龄超重检出率均大于女幼儿(P<0.05)。肥胖检出率为8.4%,男、女幼儿分别为11.0%和5.8%,男幼儿各年龄肥胖检出率均大于女幼儿(P<0.05),见表4
2020年浙江省男幼儿城乡超重检出率分别为14.7%和15.7%,女幼儿城乡超重检出率分别为10.6%和11.2%;男幼儿城乡肥胖检出率分别为10.3%和11.6%,女幼儿城乡肥胖检出率分别为5.5%和6.1%;农村超重肥胖率反超城市,见表4
2014—2020年,浙江省幼儿超重肥胖率总体呈上升趋势,男幼儿超重、肥胖率分别增长3.1%和2.0%(P<0.05),女幼儿分别增长0.9%和0.4%,男幼儿增幅大于女幼儿。男幼儿城镇超重、肥胖分别增长2.3%和0.6%(两者均为P<0.05);乡村超重、肥胖率分别增长3.9%和3.2%(两者均为P<0.05);城镇女幼儿超重、肥胖率有所下降,分别降低0.3%和0.2%;乡村超重、肥胖分别增长2.1%(P<0.05)和1.0%,见表5
本研究发现,2020年浙江省3~6岁幼儿生长发育水平随年龄增长稳步提升,生长发育水平较高;男幼儿生长发育指标均值高于女幼儿,总体身体形态水平城乡差异较小。与2014年相比,2020年总体生长发育水平向好,但超重、肥胖率快速增长,男幼儿超重、肥胖率高于女幼儿,农村超重、肥胖率快速增长,反超城镇。社会、家庭和幼儿园需重视健康教育工作,警惕肥胖流行趋势的加剧。
其一,生长发育水平向好原因。国家统计局公布的数据显示,2014年和2020年浙江人均可支配收入分别为3.27万元和5.24万元,6年间增长60.2%[4],有研究表明经济发展与体质健康有着密切的关联[5]。浙江人均可支配收入较高且保持较快增长,为幼儿的膳食营养和生活环境提供了物质保障,进而带来了生长发育水平的提高。
其二,超重和肥胖率增加原因。(1)经济发展因素。既往研究发现,肥胖趋势的发展存在地区差异。高收入国家儿童超重肥胖的增长趋势已经趋于平缓[6],在经历快速增长期后进入了平台期,而在中低收入国家中肥胖趋势仍处于快速上升的状态。我国进入经济快速发展时期较发达国家晚,对比2014年与2020年全国体质监测公报数据,发现近年来我国幼儿超重、肥胖检出率同样呈持续上升趋势,浙江省位于我国东部沿海,经济发展程度领先,超重、肥胖的增长势头与全国水平相似,目前仍处于肥胖的快速发展时期。(2)生活方式因素。信息网络和通信技术的发展致使家庭活动中视屏时间增长,往往呈现出静态时间过多的情况[7]。父母的生活方式会直接影响并间接制约幼儿的行为,身体活动水平随久坐行为增加而下降[8]。此外,在此次测试期间受肆虐全球的新冠疫情影响,疫情防控期间极大减少了人们外出进行身体活动的时间,对幼儿超重、肥胖率的增加也有一定影响。
在大多数地区,超重肥胖的上升集中在低收入人群,农村居民超重肥胖的增长速度快于城镇地区,杨晓尘等[9]在对北京市城乡幼儿的超重肥胖研究中也有类似结果,其原因可能与以下几种因素有关:(1)健康观念因素。城镇家庭由于城市化时间更早、发展水平更高,健康观念更先进,会有意识地避免导致肥胖的生活方式[10],从而减少幼儿肥胖率的发生,而农村家庭对肥胖与健康关系的认识尚不清晰,仍有认为肥胖是象征经济条件和生活条件好的观念[11]。(2)饮食因素。经济发展带来居民饮食结构的改变,我国大多数居民日常膳食中精制谷物、高度加工、高糖和高脂肪食品的消费量增加[12],能量摄入增大。2020年《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告》[13]指出,我国居民膳食中脂肪供能比已超过世界卫生组织推荐的30.0%上限,6岁以下儿童超重肥胖率已达到10.4%。家庭对儿童的饮食习惯会产生深远影响[14],甚至会对食物偏好产生终生影响。(3)身体活动因素。身体活动对儿童的健康也占据重要作用。浙江省城镇体育场地面积占场地总量的68.7%,乡村为31.3%,相比之下城镇幼儿在场地设施方面占据更多的锻炼优势,农村幼儿可接受到的体育场地设施服务更少,这可能是影响农村幼儿超重肥胖率增长的原因之一。
  • 浙江省社科联研究项目(2024N134)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308208
  • 接收时间:2023-08-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-14
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浙江省社科联研究项目(2024N134)
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    1.浙江体育科学研究所(浙江省反兴奋剂中心),浙江省国民体质与健身技术研究重点实验室 浙江 杭州 310000
    2.杭州师范大学体育学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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