Article(id=1241342457976254488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241342451043061769, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307339, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1689696000000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773888705009, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1708790400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773888705009, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773888705009, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773888705009, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241342451043061769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='4', pageStart='577', pageEnd='768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773888703356, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773893026321, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241360582939562716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241342451043061769, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241360582939562717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241342451043061769, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=583, endPage=588, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241342459368763472, articleId=1241342457976254488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Associations between serum lipid levels and cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly people in China, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the effect of serum lipid levels on the risk of developing cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults.

Methods

Data were obtained from the China Retirement and Follow-up Survey Cohort(CHARLS) cohort from 2011-2018, and middle-aged and older adults aged ≥45 years were selected for cognitive assessment of middle-aged and older adults who were followed up in 2018 by using the Chinese version of the Brief Mental Scale(MMSE), and multifactorial logistic regression was utilized to analyze middle-aged and older adult populations for serum total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL) and lipid composite index(LCI) in relation to cognitive function.

Results

A total of 6 556 participants with a mean age of 57.03 ± 8.03 years were included. After adjusting for multiple confounders, compared with the lowest quartile group(Q1), highest quartile group(Q4) of TG(OR=1.229, 95% CI:1.036-1.456), LDL(OR=1.221, 95% CI:1.034-1.443), and LCI(OR=1.282, 95% CI:1.081-1.522) were positively associated with the cognitive decline. The risk of developing cognitive decline was positively associated with the risk of cognitive decline, HDL(OR=0.765, 95% CI:0.646-0.906) was negatively associated with the risk of cognitive decline, and TC(OR=1.010, 95% CI:0.855-1.193) was not associated with the risk of cognitive dysfunction, and the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

TG, LDL and LCI are risk factors for the risk of cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly people, and HDL are protective factors for the risk of cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly people.

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目的

本研究旨在探索中老年人血清脂质水平对认知下降发生风险的影响。

方法

数据来源于中国养老与追踪调查队列(CHARLS)队列2011—2018年的数据,选取年龄≥45岁的中老年人群,采用中文版简易精神量表(MMSE)对2018年随访的中老年人认知评估,利用多因素logistic回归分析中老年人群的血清总胆固醇(TC),甘油三酯(TG),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL)及血脂综合指数(LCI)与认知下降的关系。

结果

共纳入6 556名参与者,平均年龄为57.03±8.03岁。在调整多个混杂因素后,与最低四分位数组(Q1)相比,最高四分位数组(Q4)的TG (OR=1.229,95% CI:1.036~1.456),LDL (OR=1.221,95% CI:1.034~1.443),LCI (OR=1.282,95% CI:1.081~1.522)与认知下降发生风险呈正相关,是认知下降的危险因素,HDL (OR=0.765,95% CI:0.646~0.906)与认知下降发生风险呈负相关,TC (OR=1.010,95% CI:0.855~1.193)与认知下降发生风险无关,差异无统计学意义。

结论

TG,LDL及LCI是中老年人认知下降发生风险的危险因素,HDL中老年人发生认知下降风险的保护因素。

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王肖南,E-mail:
罗艳侠,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=i1rTCdDDP/8mQcTZkS7koA==, magXml=iyqhM8aeo56LZDMeCG86uQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=IJn5z7n64ZLM6PQp53KFPg==, pdfFileSize=1221067, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Brnm2Yvl6q2dj0BOD+JImg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=gxHfNkhr3NqxaO114DA8CQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

罗丽丽(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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Characteristics of study participants at baseline

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特征总体(n=6 556)认知下降(n=2 198)认知正常(n=4 358)t/χ2P
年龄(岁)57.03±8.0359.99±8.2555.53±7.49-21.969<0.001
性别(%)177.177<0.001
3 087(47.09)781(35.53)2 306(52.91)
3 469(52.91)1 417(64.47)2 052(47.09)
居住地(%)229.708<0.001
农村5 528(84.32)2 064(93.90)3 464(79.49)
城镇1 028(15.68)134(6.10)894(20.51)
文化程度(%)1 074.324<0.001
小学及以下4 101(62.55)1 980(90.08)2 121(48.67)
中等教育1 601(24.42)166(7.55)1 435(32.93)
大学及以上854(13.03)52(2.37)802(18.40)
已婚(%)5 997(91.47)1 892(86.08)4 105(94.19)123.404<0.001
BMI(kg/m2)23.88±6.3523.48±9.5024.08±3.88<0.001
吸烟(%)24.328<0.001
吸烟2 553(38.94)764(34.76)1 789(41.05)
不吸烟4 003(61.06)1 434(65.24)2 569(58.95)
饮酒(%)4.5780.032
饮酒1 480(22.57)462(21.02)1 018(23.36)
不饮酒5 076(77.43)1 736(78.98)3 340(76.64)
高血压(%)1 500(22.88)490(22.29)1 010(23.18)0.6450.436
血脂异常(%)623(9.50)155(7.05)468(10.74)23.096<0.001
糖尿病(%)352(5.37)113(5.14)239(5.48)0.3390.602
心脏病(%)747(11.39)280(9.07)467(13.46)6.283<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241359974123754090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342457976254488, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象的基线特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征总体(n=6 556)认知下降(n=2 198)认知正常(n=4 358)t/χ2P
年龄(岁)57.03±8.0359.99±8.2555.53±7.49-21.969<0.001
性别(%)177.177<0.001
3 087(47.09)781(35.53)2 306(52.91)
3 469(52.91)1 417(64.47)2 052(47.09)
居住地(%)229.708<0.001
农村5 528(84.32)2 064(93.90)3 464(79.49)
城镇1 028(15.68)134(6.10)894(20.51)
文化程度(%)1 074.324<0.001
小学及以下4 101(62.55)1 980(90.08)2 121(48.67)
中等教育1 601(24.42)166(7.55)1 435(32.93)
大学及以上854(13.03)52(2.37)802(18.40)
已婚(%)5 997(91.47)1 892(86.08)4 105(94.19)123.404<0.001
BMI(kg/m2)23.88±6.3523.48±9.5024.08±3.88<0.001
吸烟(%)24.328<0.001
吸烟2 553(38.94)764(34.76)1 789(41.05)
不吸烟4 003(61.06)1 434(65.24)2 569(58.95)
饮酒(%)4.5780.032
饮酒1 480(22.57)462(21.02)1 018(23.36)
不饮酒5 076(77.43)1 736(78.98)3 340(76.64)
高血压(%)1 500(22.88)490(22.29)1 010(23.18)0.6450.436
血脂异常(%)623(9.50)155(7.05)468(10.74)23.096<0.001
糖尿病(%)352(5.37)113(5.14)239(5.48)0.3390.602
心脏病(%)747(11.39)280(9.07)467(13.46)6.283<0.001
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Differences in baseline lipid levels by cognitive functional status

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变量认知下降(n=2 198)认知正常(n=4 358)t/zP
TC (mmol/L)10.83±2.1410.57±2.082.6970.007
TG (mmol/L)7.11±5.047.58±5.74-3.271<0.001
HDL (mmol/L)2.92±0.842.77±0.856.551<0.001
LDL (mmol/L)6.51±1.946.44±1.911.4930.135
LCI3 815.76(4 378.81)226.73(236.16)2.3390.019
), ArticleFig(id=1241359974283137646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342457976254488, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

认知功能状态不同血脂水平的差异

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量认知下降(n=2 198)认知正常(n=4 358)t/zP
TC (mmol/L)10.83±2.1410.57±2.082.6970.007
TG (mmol/L)7.11±5.047.58±5.74-3.271<0.001
HDL (mmol/L)2.92±0.842.77±0.856.551<0.001
LDL (mmol/L)6.51±1.946.44±1.911.4930.135
LCI3 815.76(4 378.81)226.73(236.16)2.3390.019
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Association of serum lipid levels with cognitive decline

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变量例数模型1模型2模型3
OR(95% CI)POR(95% CI)POR(95% CI)P
TC
Q11 667参考参考参考
Q21 6190.857(0.741~0.992)0.0380.910(0.781~1.062)0.2320.920(0.78~1.085)0.324
Q31 6380.935(0.807~1.082)0.3661.082(0.927~1.263)0.3181.106(0.937~1.305)0.236
Q41 6320.807(0.698~0.933)0.0041.036(0.887~1.209)0.6571.010(0.855~1.193)0.907
趋势性检验0.0170.2670.428
每增加1单位SD0.932(0.886~0.981)0.0021.021(0.966~1.079)0.4601.019(0.961~1.081)0.523
TG
Q11 660参考参考参考
Q21 6201.014(0.878~1.170)0.8541.118(0.961~1.302)0.1501.068(0.907~1.257)0.430
Q31 6431.053(0.912~1.215)0.4841.223(1.050~1.424)0.0101.131(0.960~1.333)0.142
Q41 6331.252(1.082~1.449)0.0031.371(1.174~1.602)<0.0011.229(1.036~1.456)0.017
趋势性检验0.003<0.0010.014
每增加1单位SD1.096(1.038~1.159)0.0011.101(1.038~1.171)0.0021.057(0.992~1.129)0.091
HDL
Q11 690参考参考参考
Q21 6580.782(0.675~0.907)0.0010.816(0.698~0.954)0.0110.855(0.724~1.01)0.066
Q31 6120.724(0.624~0.839)<0.0010.782(0.669~0.914)0.0020.842(0.712~0.996)0.045
Q41 5960.605(0.522~0.700)<0.0010.673(0.576~0.785)<0.0010.765(0.646~0.906)0.002
趋势性检验<0.001<0.0010.003
每增加1单位SD0.845(0.803~0.889)<0.0010.871(0.825~0.919)<0.0010.913(0.861~0.969)0.003
LDL
Q11 644参考参考参考
Q21 6411.028(0.889~1.188)0.7111.105(0.948~1.289)0.2011.144(0.971~1.349)0.109
Q31 6511.015(0.878~1.173)0.8441.191(1.021~1.388)0.0261.180(1.001~1.392)0.048
Q41 6200.978(0.846~1.131)0.7641.270(1.088~1.483)0.0031.221(1.034~1.443)0.019
趋势性检验0.7360.0020.019
每增加1单位SD0.962(0.914~1.012)0.1350.415(0.370~0.464)0.0531.041(0.981~1.104)0.182
LCI
Q11 639参考参考参考
Q21 6391.033(0.895~1.192)0.6611.160(0.997~1.351)0.0561.102(0.936~1.297)0.245
Q31 6391.108(0.960~1.281)0.1621.293(1.109~1.508)0.0011.200(1.017~1.417)0.031
Q41 6391.233(1.066~1.427)0.0051.458(1.248~1.704)<0.0011.282(1.081~1.522)0.004
趋势性检验<0.001<0.0010.003
每增加1单位SD1.067(1.012~1.127)0.0191.107(1.045~1.176)<0.0011.067(1.003~1.136)0.041
), ArticleFig(id=1241359974501241462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342457976254488, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

血清脂质水平与认知下降的关联

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量例数模型1模型2模型3
OR(95% CI)POR(95% CI)POR(95% CI)P
TC
Q11 667参考参考参考
Q21 6190.857(0.741~0.992)0.0380.910(0.781~1.062)0.2320.920(0.78~1.085)0.324
Q31 6380.935(0.807~1.082)0.3661.082(0.927~1.263)0.3181.106(0.937~1.305)0.236
Q41 6320.807(0.698~0.933)0.0041.036(0.887~1.209)0.6571.010(0.855~1.193)0.907
趋势性检验0.0170.2670.428
每增加1单位SD0.932(0.886~0.981)0.0021.021(0.966~1.079)0.4601.019(0.961~1.081)0.523
TG
Q11 660参考参考参考
Q21 6201.014(0.878~1.170)0.8541.118(0.961~1.302)0.1501.068(0.907~1.257)0.430
Q31 6431.053(0.912~1.215)0.4841.223(1.050~1.424)0.0101.131(0.960~1.333)0.142
Q41 6331.252(1.082~1.449)0.0031.371(1.174~1.602)<0.0011.229(1.036~1.456)0.017
趋势性检验0.003<0.0010.014
每增加1单位SD1.096(1.038~1.159)0.0011.101(1.038~1.171)0.0021.057(0.992~1.129)0.091
HDL
Q11 690参考参考参考
Q21 6580.782(0.675~0.907)0.0010.816(0.698~0.954)0.0110.855(0.724~1.01)0.066
Q31 6120.724(0.624~0.839)<0.0010.782(0.669~0.914)0.0020.842(0.712~0.996)0.045
Q41 5960.605(0.522~0.700)<0.0010.673(0.576~0.785)<0.0010.765(0.646~0.906)0.002
趋势性检验<0.001<0.0010.003
每增加1单位SD0.845(0.803~0.889)<0.0010.871(0.825~0.919)<0.0010.913(0.861~0.969)0.003
LDL
Q11 644参考参考参考
Q21 6411.028(0.889~1.188)0.7111.105(0.948~1.289)0.2011.144(0.971~1.349)0.109
Q31 6511.015(0.878~1.173)0.8441.191(1.021~1.388)0.0261.180(1.001~1.392)0.048
Q41 6200.978(0.846~1.131)0.7641.270(1.088~1.483)0.0031.221(1.034~1.443)0.019
趋势性检验0.7360.0020.019
每增加1单位SD0.962(0.914~1.012)0.1350.415(0.370~0.464)0.0531.041(0.981~1.104)0.182
LCI
Q11 639参考参考参考
Q21 6391.033(0.895~1.192)0.6611.160(0.997~1.351)0.0561.102(0.936~1.297)0.245
Q31 6391.108(0.960~1.281)0.1621.293(1.109~1.508)0.0011.200(1.017~1.417)0.031
Q41 6391.233(1.066~1.427)0.0051.458(1.248~1.704)<0.0011.282(1.081~1.522)0.004
趋势性检验<0.001<0.0010.003
每增加1单位SD1.067(1.012~1.127)0.0191.107(1.045~1.176)<0.0011.067(1.003~1.136)0.041
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我国中老年人血清脂质水平与认知下降的关联研究
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罗丽丽 , 田雪 , 赵泽濛 , 罗会 , 王肖南 , 罗艳侠
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(4): 583-588
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(4): 583-588
我国中老年人血清脂质水平与认知下降的关联研究
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罗丽丽, 田雪, 赵泽濛, 罗会, 王肖南 , 罗艳侠
作者信息
  • 首都医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系 北京市临床流行病学重点实验室,北京 100069
  • 罗丽丽(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

通讯作者:

王肖南,E-mail:
罗艳侠,E-mail:
Associations between serum lipid levels and cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly people in China
Li-li LUO, Xue TIAN, Ze-meng ZHAO, Hui LUO, Xiao-nan WANG , Yan-xia LUO
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069&Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
出版时间: 2024-02-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307339
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目的

本研究旨在探索中老年人血清脂质水平对认知下降发生风险的影响。

方法

数据来源于中国养老与追踪调查队列(CHARLS)队列2011—2018年的数据,选取年龄≥45岁的中老年人群,采用中文版简易精神量表(MMSE)对2018年随访的中老年人认知评估,利用多因素logistic回归分析中老年人群的血清总胆固醇(TC),甘油三酯(TG),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL)及血脂综合指数(LCI)与认知下降的关系。

结果

共纳入6 556名参与者,平均年龄为57.03±8.03岁。在调整多个混杂因素后,与最低四分位数组(Q1)相比,最高四分位数组(Q4)的TG (OR=1.229,95% CI:1.036~1.456),LDL (OR=1.221,95% CI:1.034~1.443),LCI (OR=1.282,95% CI:1.081~1.522)与认知下降发生风险呈正相关,是认知下降的危险因素,HDL (OR=0.765,95% CI:0.646~0.906)与认知下降发生风险呈负相关,TC (OR=1.010,95% CI:0.855~1.193)与认知下降发生风险无关,差异无统计学意义。

结论

TG,LDL及LCI是中老年人认知下降发生风险的危险因素,HDL中老年人发生认知下降风险的保护因素。

血脂指标  /  认知下降  /  中老年人  /  血脂综合指数  /  队列研究
Objective

To explore the effect of serum lipid levels on the risk of developing cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults.

Methods

Data were obtained from the China Retirement and Follow-up Survey Cohort(CHARLS) cohort from 2011-2018, and middle-aged and older adults aged ≥45 years were selected for cognitive assessment of middle-aged and older adults who were followed up in 2018 by using the Chinese version of the Brief Mental Scale(MMSE), and multifactorial logistic regression was utilized to analyze middle-aged and older adult populations for serum total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL) and lipid composite index(LCI) in relation to cognitive function.

Results

A total of 6 556 participants with a mean age of 57.03 ± 8.03 years were included. After adjusting for multiple confounders, compared with the lowest quartile group(Q1), highest quartile group(Q4) of TG(OR=1.229, 95% CI:1.036-1.456), LDL(OR=1.221, 95% CI:1.034-1.443), and LCI(OR=1.282, 95% CI:1.081-1.522) were positively associated with the cognitive decline. The risk of developing cognitive decline was positively associated with the risk of cognitive decline, HDL(OR=0.765, 95% CI:0.646-0.906) was negatively associated with the risk of cognitive decline, and TC(OR=1.010, 95% CI:0.855-1.193) was not associated with the risk of cognitive dysfunction, and the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

TG, LDL and LCI are risk factors for the risk of cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly people, and HDL are protective factors for the risk of cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly people.

Lipid indices  /  Cognitive decline  /  Middle-aged and older adults  /  Lipoprotein combine index  /  Cohort study
罗丽丽, 田雪, 赵泽濛, 罗会, 王肖南, 罗艳侠. 我国中老年人血清脂质水平与认知下降的关联研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (4) : 583 -588 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307339
Li-li LUO, Xue TIAN, Ze-meng ZHAO, Hui LUO, Xiao-nan WANG, Yan-xia LUO. Associations between serum lipid levels and cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly people in China[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (4) : 583 -588 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307339
认知功能下降是一种神经系统进行性衰退疾病,其特征包括记忆、行动力及思维能力等方面的下降[1]。在我国,60岁及以上老年人认知下降患病率高达15.4%,预计影响人数约为3 877万人[2-3]。随着老龄化趋势的加快,认知功能下降的人数不断增加,成为中老年人伤残和死亡的重要原因,给社会和家庭带来了巨大的疾病负担[4]。血脂指标被认为是影响认知功能下降的重要因素。既往研究表明总胆固醇(Total cholesterol, TC),甘油三酯(Triglyceride, TG),低胆固醇脂蛋白(Low density lipoprotein, LDL)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High density lipoprotein, HDL)与认知下降之间存在关联[5]。一项荟萃分析显示,基线TC、TG水平升高与认知功能下降风险呈线性关系,是认知功能下降的危险因素,而HDL和LDL与认知功能下降的风险无明显关联[6]。然而,另一项荟萃分析则指出HDL水平降低和LDL水平可能与中老年人认知能力下降的风险相关[7]。可见,关于血脂基线水平与认知下降关联的研究结果尚不一致,且缺乏我国中老年人的相关研究。
血脂综合指数(Lipoprotein combine index, LCI)排除了由单一血脂指标带来的偏倚,被认为能全面反应血脂指标对疾病的影响[8]。因此,本研究拟基于中国健康养老追踪调查队列(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS)的数据,探讨我国中老年人群中血清脂质各个指标及LCI与认知功能下降的关联,为中老年人预防早期认知功能下降提供依据。通过对LCI的研究可以更全面地了解血脂对认知下降的影响,进而促进认知功能的保护和制定干预措施。
CHARLS队列是我国中老年人代表性队列,研究范围覆盖我国28个省的150个县,该队列于2011年开展基线调查,分别在2013年,2015年及2018年进行了随访。调查内容包括人口基本学信息,健康状况,体格测量,家庭结构和经济支持等,关于CHARLS详细信息可查看文献[9]。本研究对象纳入CHARLS队列中2011年基线参与血液指标检测的11 847人,排除了基线信息不完整(2 207人),年龄<45岁(190人),和失去随访(2 594人)后,最终符合条件的6 556人纳入研究,具体选择流程图见图1。本研究通过了北京大学生物医学伦理委员会的批准(IRB00001052-11015)。所有研究对象或其亲属在调查前签署了书面知情同意书。
本研究从CHARLS提取了调查问卷,实验室检查及体格检查等数据。以2011年为基线、血脂指标测量数据为暴露因素,2018年认知功能随访作为结局,探讨基线血脂水平与认知功能的关联性。血脂指标包括TC,TG、LDL和HDL。此外,为了综合评估血脂指标,本研究还引入了血脂综合指数(LCI)[10],LCI是基于参与者四个血脂指标计算得出的,其计算公式为:LCI=TC×TG×LDL/HDL,可以更全面地反映参与者的血脂情况。认知功能的评估采用中文版简易精神量表(Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE)[11]。主要通过两个维度评价:心理完整性和情景记忆。心理完整性通过认知状态电话访谈(Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status, TICS)测量。TICS包括定向力,数学计算和绘画能力。定向力是对日期的定向力,包括对今天是星期几和日期(年,月,日及季节)的回答。数字计算是计算100-7,连续减5次。绘画能力是调查人员给参与者展示一张图片,参与者将展示的图片重新绘制出来。每答对一个问题计一分,总计11分。情景记忆是参与者对调查人员告知的10个单词的回忆,包括即时单词回忆(1分钟内回忆)和延时单词回忆(五分钟后),每回忆起一个单词计一分,总计20分。认知功能得分为心理完整性和情景记忆的得分总和,最高为31分。认知得分<11分被认定为认知下降,否则为认知功能正常[12]。调整的协变量包括人口学基本信息,常见慢性疾病史及生活方式等。人口学基本信息包括年龄,性别,居住地,教育程度,婚姻状态;慢性疾病史包括高血压,糖尿病,血脂异常,心脏病;生活方式包括体质指数(Body mass index, BMI),吸烟,饮酒。
采用R 4.2.2软件进行统计学分析。采用均值±标准差()或中位数±四分位数间距(M±IQR)描述定量资料,采用百分比(%)描述分类资料。组间差异比较采用独立样本t检验,Wilcoxon秩和检验或χ2检验。以2011年血脂水平四分位数分组为自变量、2018年是否认知下降为因变量进行多因素logistic回归,共建立了3个模型来探讨血清脂质水平与认知下降的关系:无校正的模型1;校正了年龄,性别的模型2;在模型2的基础上校正了BMI,婚姻状况,教育程度,吸烟,饮酒,高血压,糖尿病,心脏病及血脂紊乱的模型3,结果用比值比(OR)及其95%置信区间(95% CI)表示。同时进行了趋势性分析及计算了自变量每增加一个单位风险变化的效应值。检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共纳入研究对象6 556 人,其中男性3 087人(47.09%),女性3 469人(52.91%),平均年龄(57.03±8.03)岁。与认知正常组相比,认知下降人群年龄更大、更可能为女性、居住地为农村、文化程度更低,见表1。5 291人(44.66%)因缺失基线信息或被诊断为痴呆等影响认知功能疾病被排除在外。与当前分析纳入人员比较,被剔除人员更可能年龄更大,文化程度更低,非在婚状态,饮酒,更可能存在高血压,糖尿病及心脏问题。
认知功能下降组基线的TC,TG,HDL及LDL水平分别为10.83±2.14 mmol/L,7.11±5.04 mmol/L,2.92±0.84 mmol/L,6.51±1.94 mmol/L。表2显示了认知下降与认知正常组的TC,TG及HDL水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与认知正常人群相比,认知下降组的TC,TG及HDL水平均更高。
在校正BMI,婚姻状况,教育程度,吸烟,饮酒,高血压,糖尿病,心脏病及血脂异常等混杂因素后,TG,LDL,HDL及LCI与认知下降发生风险相关(P<0.05)。其中TG,LDL,LCI为认知下降的危险因素:与最低四分位数Q1相比,最高四分位数组Q4与认知下降发生风险呈正相关,TG的效应值OR为1.229(95% CI:1.036~1.456),LDL效应值OR为1.221(95% CI:1.034~1.443),LCI效应值OR为1.282(95% CI:1.081~1.522)。HDL为认知下降的保护因素,随着HDL水平升高,认知下降发生风险逐渐降低,效应值OR为0.765(95% CI:0.646~0.906,P=0.002)。TG,HDL,LDL,LCI与认知下降发生风险趋势性检验有统计学意义(P<0.05),表明各指标与认知下降发生风险存在剂量反应关系。TC在校正多混杂因素后与认知下降发生风险差异无统计学意义,且不存在剂量反应关系(P>0.05)。见表3图2
随着我国人口老龄化,中老年人认知功能下降已经成为重要的公共卫生问题。本研究基于全国性代表队列CHARLS探讨了我国中老年人基线血脂指标及其综合指数与认知下降的关联。研究结果显示TG(OR=1.229,95% CI:1.036~1.456),LDL(OR=1.221,95% CI:1.034~1.443)和LCI(OR:=1.282,95% CI:1.081~1.522) 是认知下降发生风险的危险因素,而HDL的(OR:=0.765,95% CI:0.646~0.906)是认知下降发生风险的保护因素。
关于单一血脂指标与认知功能下降的关联,本研究结果与过去大多数研究一致[7,13-15]。TG与认知功能下降发生风险呈正相关,这与多数研究结果一致。一项对178 586名老年人(年龄≥65岁)随访6年的研究[16]发现,与低TG组(<11 mmol/L)相比,高TG(11~27 mmol/L)显示出显着更高的认知障碍风险(HR = 1.101,95% CI:1.044~1.161)。另一项队列研究[17]通过对社区13 997名参与者的中年血脂水平测量,在随访过程中多次进行认知功能测试,研究发现,中年时期2.26~5.65 vs < 1.69 mmol/L的甘油三脂与20年后认知功能急剧下降有关。高浓度LDL已被证实是包括认知下降内大多数疾病的危险因素,本研究结论与之前研究一致[7,13]。一项对28项病例对照研究的荟萃分析显示[7],LDL-C水平升高可能与60-70岁受试者阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease, AD)风险升高有关,在70岁以下的亚组中,AD组中的LDL水平[均值标准差(Standardized mean difference SMD=0.59,95% CI:0.02~1.16,P = 0.04)显著低于和高于对照组。健康与退休研究(Health and retirement study, HRS)基于7 000多名社区≥50岁美国成年人对LDL与认知能力下降关联进行了探索,结果表明LDL水平降低与认知能力下降明显减慢相关,这表明LDL水平增高是认知下降的危险因素[13]。相反地,HDL水平升高被发现与认知功能下降的风险降低相关,这与之前大多数研究结论一致[14-15]。韩国基于128 371名参与者一项回顾性队列研究[15]发现,低浓度的HDL与认知障碍的高风险显著相关(OR=1.056, P=0.011 4),而高HDL与认知障碍风险相关(OR=0.950, P=0.003 8)。这表明HDL浓度升高可能是认知功能下降的保护因素。这一发现强调了控制血脂水平的重要性,特别是在中老年人群中。
与过去研究不同的是,本研究并未发现TC与认知下降风险之间存在明显关联。大多数研究表明TC升高与认知下降发生风险无关[15,18],也有研究持不同意见[19]。一项基于我国农村地区的研究表明在整人群中TC水平与认知下降无显著相关,但在不同性别中,TC升高可能是认知功能下降的危险因素[18]。一项基于美国国家健康与营养检查调查队列的横断面研究[19]表示在女性群体中较高的TC与较高的认知分数显着相关,特别是在数字符号替换测试(OR=0.51,95% CI: 0.36~0.72)和动物流畅性测试(OR=0.64,95% CI:0.45~0.91)中,TC升高可能是60以上女性认知能力的保护因素。造成这种差异的原因可能是由于不同样本特征,研究设计和分析方法的影响。另一方面是研究没有考虑到不同年龄、性别及地区等分层因素的亚群差异,因此未来研究可考虑在不同分层亚群中探索TC与认知功能的关联。
此外,本研究引入了血脂综合指数(LCI),以便能更全面地评估血脂对认知功能的影响[10]。LCI综合考虑了多个血脂指标,可以排除使用单一指标所带来的偏差,然而目前还没有关于LCI与认知下降关联的研究。本研究表明,LCI与认知下降发生风险相关(OR=1.282:95% CI:1.081~1.522),且为认知下降发生的危险因素。这表明血脂指标的综合效应可能更准确地反应血脂与认知功能的关系。
血脂指标与认知功能关联机制可能涉及多个方面。高浓度的TG会导致认知功能下降的原因可能是因为TG作为生酮饮食变体可以直接抑制谷氨酸受体,并通过线粒体生物发生改变细胞能量,从而影响神经脑细胞,继而对大脑认知产生影响[20]。LDL水平升高增加认知功能下降发生风险可能是通过改变淀粉样蛋白前体蛋白的降解,增加大脑中淀粉样蛋白β肽的浓度[21];另外LDL水平升高可能与脑血流量降低和白质高信号负荷增加有关[22],这些因素都会对大脑认知能力产生影响。高水平HDL与认知功能下降的关联可能通过维持线粒体的正常功能、减轻神经炎症反应、降低Aβ蛋白的积累和促进神经细胞的存活等途径[23],对认知功能产生保护作用。
本研究存在一定的局限性。首先,本次研究仅依赖于基线单次血脂测量的数据,而血脂水平通常会随时间发生变化,无法确定血脂指标长期变化与认知功能发生发展的关联。其次,本研究以中老年人群为分析对象,可能引入了样本选择偏差,因此无法充分代表全人群中血脂水平与认知功能关联的情况,从而在结果的外推上存在一定的局限性。最后,虽然在分析过程中调整了多个混杂因素,但由于本研究本质上是观察性的,仍无法完全排除其他潜在的混杂因素,例如载脂蛋白等。因此,未来的研究可采用更广泛的数据收集和更严格的研究设计,以进一步确认血脂指标与认知能力下降之间的因果关联,还可以考虑长期追踪和更全面的深入分析,以更全面地了解这一关联的本质。
本研究结果表明,TG,LDL及LCI与认知下降发生的危险因素,而HDL则是认知功能下降的保护因素。这些发现强调了血脂管理在中老年人认知功能保护的重要性,控制TG、LDL和LCI的水平,及增加HDL的水平可能有助于预防中老年人认知功能下降。未来的研究可以进一步探索血脂与认知功能的机制,并制定相应的干预策略,以提供中老年人认知功能下降早期预防和治疗的依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81903408)
  • 北京市优秀人才培养项目(2018000020124G136)
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2024年第51卷第4期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307339
  • 接收时间:2023-07-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-19
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国家自然科学基金(81903408)
北京市优秀人才培养项目(2018000020124G136)
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    首都医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系 北京市临床流行病学重点实验室,北京 100069

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
Number of
genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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