Article(id=1241342455396749382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241342451043061769, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308121, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1691424000000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773888704394, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1708790400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773888704394, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773888704394, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773888704394, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241342451043061769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='4', pageStart='577', pageEnd='768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773888703356, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773893026321, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241360582939562716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241342451043061769, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241360582939562717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241342451043061769, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=663, endPage=668, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241342456562765966, articleId=1241342455396749382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Utilization of basic public health services by young female migrants in the Pearl River Delta and its influencing factors, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the utilization of basic public health services and the influencing factors of the young female floating population in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), to provide reference suggestions to enhance the utilization of basic public health services by the young female floating population, and to help shape the Healthy Bay Area and the construction of Healthy China.

Methods

Utilization of basic public health services by young female mobile population in the Pearl River Delta and its influencing factors were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression using the 2018 National Mobile Population Dynamics Monitoring data.

Results

Of the 2 970 young female migrants who had flowed into the PRD for 6 months or more, 407 (13.7%) had signed up for a family doctor in the local community, 886 (29.8%) had established a resident health record, and 2 479 (83.3%) had received ≥1 type of health education, which was mainly in the form of publicity materials and bulletin boards. Factors affecting the contracting status of local family doctors included whether or not they participated in urban residents’ medical insurance (OR=0.626, 95% CI: 0.425-0.921) and whether or not they planned to have children in the next two years (OR=0.806, 95% CI: 0.668-0.972); factors affecting the establishment of health records of the young female migrants included whether or not they participated in urban residents’ medical insurance (OR=0.806, 95% CI: 0.668-0.972). Medical insurance (OR=0.626, 95% CI: 0.425-0.921) and whether they intend to give birth in the next two years (OR=0.813, 95% CI: 0.675-0.981); factors affecting the acceptance of health education by young female migrants included marital status (OR=4.644, 95% CI: 2.265-9.523), weekly working time (OR=1.384, 95% CI: 1.206-1.589).

Conclusion

The young female migrant population in the PRD underutilizes basic public health services, with the highest rate of having received ≥1 type of health education, followed by the rate of establishing a health record, and lowest rate of signing up for a family doctor. The rates of family doctor contracting and file establishment are higher among young female migrants who have no intention of having children or who do not participate in urban residents’ health insurance, whereas the rates of health education acceptance are higher among young female migrants who are first married or whose weekly working hours are less than 40h, and lower among those who are widowed or whose weekly working hours are more than 70h. The rate of acceptance is also higher among those who have not participated in the urban residents’ health insurance program.

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目的

了解珠三角青年女性流动人口基本公共卫生服务利用情况及影响因素,为提升青年女性流动人口对基本公共卫生服务的利用率提供参考建议,助力健康湾区塑造和健康中国建设。

方法

利用2018年全国流动人口动态监测数据,采用描述统计、卡方检验、二元logistic回归对珠三角青年女性流动人口基本公共卫生服务利用情况及其影响因素进行分析。

结果

在流入珠三角6个月及以上2 970名青年女性流动人口,有407人(13.7%)在本地社区签约过家庭医生,有886人(29.8%)建立了居民健康档案,有2 479人(83.3%)接受过≥1种的健康教育,教育形式主要为宣传资料、宣传栏。影响本地家庭医生的签约情况的因素有:是否参加城镇居民医疗保险(OR=0.626,95%CI:0.425~0.921)和今明两年是否有生育打算(OR=0.806,95%CI:0.668~0.972);影响青年女性流动人口健康档案建立的因素有:是否参加城镇居民医疗保险(OR=0.626,95%CI:0.425~0.921)和今明两年是否有生育打算(OR=0.813,95%CI:0.675~0.981);影响青年女性流动人口接受健康教育的因素有:婚姻状况(OR=4.644,95%CI:2.265~9.523)、周工作时间(OR=1.384,95%CI:1.206~1.589)。

结论

珠三角青年女性流动人口对基本公共卫生服务的利用不充分,其中家庭医生签约率最低、其次是健康档案建立比例,最高为接受过≥1种的健康教育比例。没有生育打算或不参加城镇居民医疗保险的青年女性流动人口家庭医生签约率和建档率更高,而初婚或周工作时间小于40 h的青年女性流动人口健康教育接受率更高,丧偶或周工作时间大于70 h的青年女性流动人口健康教育接受率低。

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张秋,E-mail:
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张秋(1981—),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:卫生经济与卫生事业管理

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Chinese Health Economics, 2020, 39(9): 77-81., articleTitle=Analysis on health services utilization and influencing factors of the young migrants in Guangdong province, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241359971170964019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342455396749382, awardId=2023GZYB68, language=CN, fundingSource=广州市哲社科“十四五”规划2023 年度课题(2023GZYB68), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241359966670475681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342455396749382, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241359966678864290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342455396749382, companyId=1241359966670475681, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Pharmaceutical Business, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241359966687252899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342455396749382, companyId=1241359966670475681, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.广东药科大学医药商学院,广东 广州 510006)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241359966817276325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342455396749382, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241359966825664935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342455396749382, companyId=1241359966817276325, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.卫生经济与健康促进研究中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241359970541818386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342455396749382, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

One-way analysis of the utilization of basic public health services by young female migrants in the Pearl River Delta Region

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量家庭医生健康档案健康教育
利用人数(%)χ2P利用人数(%)χ2P利用人数(%)χ2P
婚姻状况39.662<0.00146.032<0.00157.029<0.001
未婚103(12.36)246(29.53)971(87.71)
已婚295(18.58)626(39.42)1 463(81.78)
其他9(16.98)14(26.42)45(60.81)
文化程度53.063<0.00123.6220.16814.5200.024
初中及以下174(16.08)378(34.94)1 062(81.07)
高中/中专121(16.88)259(36.12)754(85.49)
大学本科/专科及以上112(16.59)249(36.89)63(85.22)
是否为中共党员或共青团员20.4510.022.4430.8750.4220.810
中共党员15(13.51)43(38.74)104(85.25)
共青团员42(11.14)132(35.01)413(83.94)
均不是350(17.62)711(35.80)1 962(83.28)
是否参加城镇居民医疗保险67.718<0.00141.781<0.0010.2980.862
11(9.73)43(38.05)117(84.78)
373(17.06)800(36.58)2 170(83.33)
不清楚23(13.22)43(24.71)192(84.21)
本人最近是否患病或身体不适31.568<0.00122.855<0.0015.9770.050
89(21.34)171(41.01)397(80.86)
318(15.46)715(34.76)2 082(84.00)
周工作时间,h)44.906<0.00129.034<0.00139.600<0.001
≤40119(17.22)266(38.49)763(89.45)
41~55101(16.06)211(33.55)640(86.84)
56~6948(13.30)131(36.29)371(85.48)
≥7058(16.07)124(34.35)327(76.58)
就业单位性质71.606<0.00175.062<0.00139.558<0.001
事业单位20(23.26)46(48.84)91(94.79)
国有,集体企业4(5.80)23(33.33)70(87.50)
私营企业218(14.77)522(35.37)1 472(83.49)
外资企业58(19.27)96(31.89)335(91.28)
其他26(23.64)49(44.55)133(91.72)
是否有生育打算22.1190.00118.6420.0054.4370.109
53(16.46)139(43.18)305(82.88)
209(20.35)401(39.05)905(79.39)
没想好39(14.03)96(34.53)284(83.78)
), ArticleFig(id=1241359970621510167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342455396749382, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

珠三角青年女性流动人口基本公共卫生服务利用情况单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量家庭医生健康档案健康教育
利用人数(%)χ2P利用人数(%)χ2P利用人数(%)χ2P
婚姻状况39.662<0.00146.032<0.00157.029<0.001
未婚103(12.36)246(29.53)971(87.71)
已婚295(18.58)626(39.42)1 463(81.78)
其他9(16.98)14(26.42)45(60.81)
文化程度53.063<0.00123.6220.16814.5200.024
初中及以下174(16.08)378(34.94)1 062(81.07)
高中/中专121(16.88)259(36.12)754(85.49)
大学本科/专科及以上112(16.59)249(36.89)63(85.22)
是否为中共党员或共青团员20.4510.022.4430.8750.4220.810
中共党员15(13.51)43(38.74)104(85.25)
共青团员42(11.14)132(35.01)413(83.94)
均不是350(17.62)711(35.80)1 962(83.28)
是否参加城镇居民医疗保险67.718<0.00141.781<0.0010.2980.862
11(9.73)43(38.05)117(84.78)
373(17.06)800(36.58)2 170(83.33)
不清楚23(13.22)43(24.71)192(84.21)
本人最近是否患病或身体不适31.568<0.00122.855<0.0015.9770.050
89(21.34)171(41.01)397(80.86)
318(15.46)715(34.76)2 082(84.00)
周工作时间,h)44.906<0.00129.034<0.00139.600<0.001
≤40119(17.22)266(38.49)763(89.45)
41~55101(16.06)211(33.55)640(86.84)
56~6948(13.30)131(36.29)371(85.48)
≥7058(16.07)124(34.35)327(76.58)
就业单位性质71.606<0.00175.062<0.00139.558<0.001
事业单位20(23.26)46(48.84)91(94.79)
国有,集体企业4(5.80)23(33.33)70(87.50)
私营企业218(14.77)522(35.37)1 472(83.49)
外资企业58(19.27)96(31.89)335(91.28)
其他26(23.64)49(44.55)133(91.72)
是否有生育打算22.1190.00118.6420.0054.4370.109
53(16.46)139(43.18)305(82.88)
209(20.35)401(39.05)905(79.39)
没想好39(14.03)96(34.53)284(83.78)
), ArticleFig(id=1241359970697007644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342455396749382, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Assignment of Logistic Regression Variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
是否和本地家庭医生签过约是=0;否=1
是否在本地社区建立健康档案是=0;否=1
是否在本地社区接受过健康教育是=0;否=1
婚姻状况未婚=1;已婚=2;其他=3;
文化程度初中及以下=1;高学/中专=2;大学本科/大专及以上=3;
是否为中共党员或共青团员中共党员=1;共青团员=2;均不是=3
是否参加城镇居民医疗保险是=1;否=2;不清楚=3
本人最近是否患病(负伤)或身体不适是=0;否=1
周工作时间(h)0=0;≤40=1;41-=2;56-=3;>70=4
就业单位的性质事业单位=1;国有,集体企业=2;私营企业=3;外资企业=4;其他=5
今明两年是否有生育打算是=1;否=2;不清楚=3
), ArticleFig(id=1241359970772505118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342455396749382, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Logistic回归变量赋值情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
是否和本地家庭医生签过约是=0;否=1
是否在本地社区建立健康档案是=0;否=1
是否在本地社区接受过健康教育是=0;否=1
婚姻状况未婚=1;已婚=2;其他=3;
文化程度初中及以下=1;高学/中专=2;大学本科/大专及以上=3;
是否为中共党员或共青团员中共党员=1;共青团员=2;均不是=3
是否参加城镇居民医疗保险是=1;否=2;不清楚=3
本人最近是否患病(负伤)或身体不适是=0;否=1
周工作时间(h)0=0;≤40=1;41-=2;56-=3;>70=4
就业单位的性质事业单位=1;国有,集体企业=2;私营企业=3;外资企业=4;其他=5
今明两年是否有生育打算是=1;否=2;不清楚=3
), ArticleFig(id=1241359970843808291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342455396749382, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Utilization of Basic Public Health Services by Young Female Migrants in thePearl River Delta Region

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量家庭医生健康档案
OR值(95%CISEPOR值(95% CISEP
婚姻状况0.459(0.167~1.261)0.5150.1310.456(0.166~1.253)0.5150.128
文化程度1.027(0.167~1.261)0.0830.7521.003(0.858~1.173)0.0800.967
是否为中共党员或共青团员1.131(0.889~1.440)0.1250.316
是否参加城镇居民医疗保险0.626(0.425~0.921)0.1970.0180.626(0.425~0.921)0.1570.017
本人最近是否患病(负伤)或身体不适1.235(0.908~1.680)0.1570.1781.225(0.901~1.665)0.1260.196
周工作时间(h)0.934(0.837~1.041)0.0550.2160.934(0.837~1.041)0.0510.216
就业单位的性质0.931(0.785~1.103)0.0870.4850.936(0.790~1.109)0.0300.444
今明两年是否有生育打算0.806(0.668~0.973)0.0960.0250.8130.8140.031
变量健康教育
OR值(95%CISEP
婚姻状况4.644(2.265~9.523)0.366<0.001
文化程度1.080(0.879~1.326)0.1050.466
是否为中共党员或共青团员
是否参加城镇居民医疗保险
本人最近是否患病(负伤)或身体不适1.104(0.752~1.620)0.1960.614
周工作时间(h)1.384(1.206~1.589)0.070<0.001
就业单位的性质1.003(0.805~1.249)0.1120.977
今明两年是否有生育打算
), ArticleFig(id=1241359970961248809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342455396749382, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

珠三角青年女性流动人口基本公共卫生服务利用情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量家庭医生健康档案
OR值(95%CISEPOR值(95% CISEP
婚姻状况0.459(0.167~1.261)0.5150.1310.456(0.166~1.253)0.5150.128
文化程度1.027(0.167~1.261)0.0830.7521.003(0.858~1.173)0.0800.967
是否为中共党员或共青团员1.131(0.889~1.440)0.1250.316
是否参加城镇居民医疗保险0.626(0.425~0.921)0.1970.0180.626(0.425~0.921)0.1570.017
本人最近是否患病(负伤)或身体不适1.235(0.908~1.680)0.1570.1781.225(0.901~1.665)0.1260.196
周工作时间(h)0.934(0.837~1.041)0.0550.2160.934(0.837~1.041)0.0510.216
就业单位的性质0.931(0.785~1.103)0.0870.4850.936(0.790~1.109)0.0300.444
今明两年是否有生育打算0.806(0.668~0.973)0.0960.0250.8130.8140.031
变量健康教育
OR值(95%CISEP
婚姻状况4.644(2.265~9.523)0.366<0.001
文化程度1.080(0.879~1.326)0.1050.466
是否为中共党员或共青团员
是否参加城镇居民医疗保险
本人最近是否患病(负伤)或身体不适1.104(0.752~1.620)0.1960.614
周工作时间(h)1.384(1.206~1.589)0.070<0.001
就业单位的性质1.003(0.805~1.249)0.1120.977
今明两年是否有生育打算
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珠三角青年女性流动人口基本公共卫生服务利用及影响因素分析
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张秋 1, 2 , 何雅靖 1 , 吴楚芸 1 , 陈嘉仪 1
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024,51(4): 663-668
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现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024, 51(4): 663-668
珠三角青年女性流动人口基本公共卫生服务利用及影响因素分析
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张秋1, 2 , 何雅靖1, 吴楚芸1, 陈嘉仪1
作者信息
  • 1.广东药科大学医药商学院,广东 广州 510006
  • 2.卫生经济与健康促进研究中心
  • 张秋(1981—),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:卫生经济与卫生事业管理

通讯作者:

张秋,E-mail:
Utilization of basic public health services by young female migrants in the Pearl River Delta and its influencing factors
Qiu ZHANG1, 2 , Ya-jing HE1, Chu-yun WU1, Jia-yi CHEN1
Affiliations
  • School of Pharmaceutical Business, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
出版时间: 2024-02-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308121
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目的

了解珠三角青年女性流动人口基本公共卫生服务利用情况及影响因素,为提升青年女性流动人口对基本公共卫生服务的利用率提供参考建议,助力健康湾区塑造和健康中国建设。

方法

利用2018年全国流动人口动态监测数据,采用描述统计、卡方检验、二元logistic回归对珠三角青年女性流动人口基本公共卫生服务利用情况及其影响因素进行分析。

结果

在流入珠三角6个月及以上2 970名青年女性流动人口,有407人(13.7%)在本地社区签约过家庭医生,有886人(29.8%)建立了居民健康档案,有2 479人(83.3%)接受过≥1种的健康教育,教育形式主要为宣传资料、宣传栏。影响本地家庭医生的签约情况的因素有:是否参加城镇居民医疗保险(OR=0.626,95%CI:0.425~0.921)和今明两年是否有生育打算(OR=0.806,95%CI:0.668~0.972);影响青年女性流动人口健康档案建立的因素有:是否参加城镇居民医疗保险(OR=0.626,95%CI:0.425~0.921)和今明两年是否有生育打算(OR=0.813,95%CI:0.675~0.981);影响青年女性流动人口接受健康教育的因素有:婚姻状况(OR=4.644,95%CI:2.265~9.523)、周工作时间(OR=1.384,95%CI:1.206~1.589)。

结论

珠三角青年女性流动人口对基本公共卫生服务的利用不充分,其中家庭医生签约率最低、其次是健康档案建立比例,最高为接受过≥1种的健康教育比例。没有生育打算或不参加城镇居民医疗保险的青年女性流动人口家庭医生签约率和建档率更高,而初婚或周工作时间小于40 h的青年女性流动人口健康教育接受率更高,丧偶或周工作时间大于70 h的青年女性流动人口健康教育接受率低。

珠三角  /  青年女性  /  流动人口  /  基本公共卫生服务  /  因素
Objective

To understand the utilization of basic public health services and the influencing factors of the young female floating population in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), to provide reference suggestions to enhance the utilization of basic public health services by the young female floating population, and to help shape the Healthy Bay Area and the construction of Healthy China.

Methods

Utilization of basic public health services by young female mobile population in the Pearl River Delta and its influencing factors were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression using the 2018 National Mobile Population Dynamics Monitoring data.

Results

Of the 2 970 young female migrants who had flowed into the PRD for 6 months or more, 407 (13.7%) had signed up for a family doctor in the local community, 886 (29.8%) had established a resident health record, and 2 479 (83.3%) had received ≥1 type of health education, which was mainly in the form of publicity materials and bulletin boards. Factors affecting the contracting status of local family doctors included whether or not they participated in urban residents’ medical insurance (OR=0.626, 95% CI: 0.425-0.921) and whether or not they planned to have children in the next two years (OR=0.806, 95% CI: 0.668-0.972); factors affecting the establishment of health records of the young female migrants included whether or not they participated in urban residents’ medical insurance (OR=0.806, 95% CI: 0.668-0.972). Medical insurance (OR=0.626, 95% CI: 0.425-0.921) and whether they intend to give birth in the next two years (OR=0.813, 95% CI: 0.675-0.981); factors affecting the acceptance of health education by young female migrants included marital status (OR=4.644, 95% CI: 2.265-9.523), weekly working time (OR=1.384, 95% CI: 1.206-1.589).

Conclusion

The young female migrant population in the PRD underutilizes basic public health services, with the highest rate of having received ≥1 type of health education, followed by the rate of establishing a health record, and lowest rate of signing up for a family doctor. The rates of family doctor contracting and file establishment are higher among young female migrants who have no intention of having children or who do not participate in urban residents’ health insurance, whereas the rates of health education acceptance are higher among young female migrants who are first married or whose weekly working hours are less than 40h, and lower among those who are widowed or whose weekly working hours are more than 70h. The rate of acceptance is also higher among those who have not participated in the urban residents’ health insurance program.

Pearl River Delta  /  Young women  /  Floating population  /  Public health services  /  Influencing factors
张秋, 何雅靖, 吴楚芸, 陈嘉仪. 珠三角青年女性流动人口基本公共卫生服务利用及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (4) : 663 -668 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308121
Qiu ZHANG, Ya-jing HE, Chu-yun WU, Jia-yi CHEN. Utilization of basic public health services by young female migrants in the Pearl River Delta and its influencing factors[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (4) : 663 -668 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308121
据《2021年国民经济和社会发展统计公报》所示,2021年珠三角九市常住人口总量达7 860.6万人,其中女性流动劳动力比例已接近流动人口总量的一半。随着女性流动人口的大量集聚,青年女性流动人口由于年龄小、收入和消费水平低,教育程度有限等一系列因素的影响,社会问题如心理疾病、生殖健康、传染病、职业病等风险也日趋显露,其对基本公共卫生服务利用不够充分[1-3]
现有文献关于流动人口对基本公共卫生服务利用逐渐增多。从研究区域来看,学者们多以省市级单位作为研究范围,如广东[4]、河南[5],武汉[6]、乌鲁木齐[7]。从研究群体来看,多数学者聚焦于同一类型人员的分析,如成年男性[8]、少数民族[9]、老年人口[10]等。当前针对青年女性流动人口的研究正处于关注阶段,且主要集中于收入[11],社会情绪[12]等方面。缺乏对其基本公共卫生服务利用情况的分析,故本研究选择我国流动人口数量多、流动人口效应明显的珠三角地区展开,对该区域青年女性流动人口的基本公共卫生服务利用情况及影响因素进行剖析,以期进一步提高珠三角地区青年女性流动人口的基本公共卫生服务利用水平,为保障珠三角地区青年女性流动人口的卫生健康权益提供参考和借鉴,并助力健康湾区建设。
本研究采用2018年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查流动人口问卷(A)广东省监测数据,选择珠三角地区九个市,在本地居住时间≥6个月、非本区(县、市)户口,2022年大于等于15周岁,小于等于34周岁的2 970名青年女性流动人口。
流动人口动态监测调查问卷来源于国家统计局,调查方法为抽样调查,使用国家标准行政区划代码和统一的机构编码,根据流动人口卫生计生服务管理工作职责和政策研究需求,按照随机原则在全国31个省(区、市)和新疆生产建设兵团流动人口较为集中的流入地,采取分层、多阶段、与规模成比例的PPS方法抽取样本点。本次研究选取有效问卷共2 970份,内容涵盖流动人口家庭成员与收支情况,就业情况,流动及居留意愿、健康公共服务特征和社会融合情况。
本研究采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析,通过单因素χ2检验以及二元logistic回归分析珠三角青年女性流动人口是否签约家庭医生,是否建立健康档案,是否接受健康教育的影响因素,检验水准α<0.05表示存在显著差异。
2018年珠三角地区15~34周岁青年女性流动人口共2 970人。平均年龄为27岁;其中已婚(包括初婚和再婚)1 789人(60.1%),未婚1 107人(37.2%),其他(包括离婚、丧偶和同居)74人(2.5%);初中及以下有1 310人(44.0%),高中及中专有882人(29.6%),大学本科/专科以上有778人(26.2%);为中共党员的有122人(4.1%),共青团员的有492人(16.5%),均不是的有2 356人(79.2%);本人最近是患病或身体不适的有2 479人(83.3%),没有的有491人(16.5%);周工作时间≤40 h的有853人(28.7%),41~55 h的有737人(24.8%),56~69的有434人(14.6%),大于70 h的有426人(14.4%);就业单位为机关、事业单位的有96人(3.2%),国有、集体企业的有80人(2.7%),私营企业有1 783人(59.3%),外资企业的有367人(12.3%),其他(包括社团/民办组织、其他单位和无单位)的有145人(4.9%);今明两年有生育打算的有368人(12.4%),没有或没想过的今明两年生育的有1 479人(49.7%)。
过去一年在本地流动时间≥6个月的2 970名青年女性流动人口中,有407人(13.7%)签约过家庭医生,1 788人(60.1%)没签过,其中1 161人(39.0%)有听说过,另外2 474人(83.3%)不清楚是否跟本地医生签约过。有886人(29.8%)在本地社区建立了居民健康档案,1 220人没建立健康档案,其中858人(28.8%)没听说过居民健康档案,另外还有368人(12.4%)不清楚是否建立居民健康档案。有2 479人(83.3%)接受过健康教育,另外491人(16.5%)没接受过健康教育。在各种类型的健康教育中参加生殖健康与妇幼健康的人数比例最高1 344人(54.22%),其次是职业病防治1 247人(50.3%),其他类型健康教育(包括传染病防治、慢性病防治等)的参与率均<50.0%。社区健康教育形式以传统的宣传资料、宣传栏为主,分别有1 630(65.75%)和1 349(54.42%)位青年女性流动人口通过这些方式接受健康教育。
单因素分析所示,详见表1。青年女性流动人口的不同婚姻状况、本人最近是否患病或身体不适、周工作时间、就业单位性质与家庭医生签约情况、健康档案建立和接受健康教育与否均存在显著差异(P<0.05);是否参加城镇居民医疗保险、今明两年是否打算生育的情况在家庭医生的签约情况和健康档案的建立中均存在显著差异;文化程度在家庭医生的签约情况和接受健康教育中均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。除此之外,是否中共党员或共青团员仅在家庭医生的签约情况中存在显著差异(P<0.05)。
通过拟合模型发现,青年女性流动人口基本卫生服务利用行为在同一样本点存在聚集性,因此以目前是否签约本地家庭医生、是否在本地建立健康档案和是否在本地接受过健康教育三个变量为因变量,将基本公共服务利用情况中单因素分析筛选出的对以上三个变量中存在统计学意义的差异的婚姻状况、文化程度和本人最近是否患病或身体不适等作为自变量(赋值见表2),进行二元logistic回归分析。研究发现,是否参加城镇居民医疗保险、今明两年是否有生育打算两个因素均对签约家庭医生与建立健康档案有显著性影响。而影响青年女性流动人口接受健康教育的因素则是:婚姻状况、周工作时间。综合单因素分析结果可知,没有生育打算、不参加城镇居民医疗保险的青年女性流动人口家庭医生签约率和建档率更高,而初婚、周工作时间小于40 h的青年女性流动人口健康教育接受率更高,丧偶、周工作时间大于70 h的青年女性流动人口健康教育接受率低,见表3
《广东省完善基本公共服务均等化推进机制的实施方案》明确提出:到2022年,实现人人平等享有较高水平的基本公共服务。本研究结果显示,2018在珠三角居住6个月及以上的2 970名流动青年女性和本地家庭医生的签约率为13.7%,远低于《关于印发广东省加快推进家庭医生签约服务制度的实施方案的通知》中提出的到2020年基本实现家庭医生签约服务制度的全覆盖水平;居民健康档案率为29.8%,远远低于2019年中国城乡居民健康档案建档率的88.25%[13],也低于2018年湖北省女性的39.7%[14]、2017年底广西的86.55%[15];2 479人(83.3%)接受过至少1种的健康教育,与《国家卫生计生委办公厅关于印发流动人口基本公共卫生计生服务均等化工作评估方案的通知》中提出的2020年流动人口健康教育覆盖率要达到95%以上的目标值还有很大提升空间。总体来看,珠三角青年女性对基本公共卫生服务的利用率不高。
但是在调查中发现,调查对象本人最近患病或身体不适的青年女性占比却高达83.3%。考虑到可能是因为大部份青年女性流动人口流入珠三角是从业于较为辛苦的劳动密集型工作。而由于青年流动女性特殊的生理特征、接受的教育水平不高、文化素质较低、经济水平有限等,以及可能在劳动密集型工作岗位中的流动作业女工面临着更为严重的职业病或多重职业病、工伤等与职业有关的威胁,对自身健康问题更敏感,所以身体不适或者生病的比例较高[16]。而且在调查中发现青年女性流动人口在社区接受的健康教育形式主要是以传统的宣传资料、宣传栏为主,一方面说明传统的宣传方式能够以其直观的形式在居住区域影响到女性流动人口的健康教育环境和氛围,另一方面也说明现有的健康教育宣传方式和手段需要进一步丰富和扩展。随着智能手机的普及,社区可以利用新媒体等多种宣传媒介灵活开展线上和线下多样化的健康教育宣传活动,要考虑到因为从事劳动密集型工作以至于休息时间不充分而无法关注到传统宣传方式的那部分青年女性人群的健康教育需求。
这也说明了珠三角地区青年女性基本公共卫生服务利用率和均等化提升的必要性和重要性。提示政府应建立健全相应的公共配套政策,建立以政府负责、部门合作、社会动员、群众参与、法律保障的基本公共服务工作运行机制,不断加强对重大疾病尤其是职业病等的预防、监控和保障力度,切实增强青年女性流动人口应对突发公共卫生事件的能力。
研究发现,没有参加城镇居民医疗保险、今明两年没有生育打算的青年女性流动人口健康档案建档率和家庭医生签约率较高,这与何宇恒[17]认为青年女性流动人口的婚孕需求使得总体上女性建档的可能性大于男性的结论及刘雪薇等学者[18]认为参加城镇职工医疗保险的省内女性流动人口健康档案建档率较高的结论不同,与梁世民[19]认为具有城镇居民医疗保险的居民更愿意签约家庭医生的结论相反。且仍未有研究探明到生育打算与家庭医生签约的作用机制,因此珠三角青年女性流动人口的家庭医生签约情况具有一定特殊性。综合分析来看,没有参加城镇居民医疗保险的青年女性流动人口健康档案建档率和家庭医生签约率更高,这可能因为在流入地,没有社会保险的保障,但又面临着养家糊口的负担压力,使得这部分人群更加担心自己的健康风险,所以青年女性流动人口更加关注个人健康以及家庭健康发展。同时也可能是由于当前生育家庭抚养孩子的成本高昂,青年女性流动人口更加重视通过签约家庭医生和建立健康档案来更加合理安排孕育的时间。而签约家庭医生可享受到“上门诊治、电话随访、免费体检”的服务,建立健康档案能够更好地追踪个人及家庭的健康状况,更加方便居民就医,可以让青年女性流动人口切实感受到更加便捷化、人性化的健康管理服务。因此,政府应聚焦完善生育休假和生育保险制度,落实对生育家庭的税收、住房等支持性政策,建立健全普惠性生育教育养育服务体系,提高优生优育服务水平。同时鼓励社会企业帮助缴纳一定的医疗保障费用,优化医疗保障投入比例,进一步保障青年女性流动人口以及家庭健康。
从健康教育的角度来看,婚姻状况和周工作时间对居民接受健康教育有显著影响,初婚且周工作时间小于40 h的青年女性流动人口健康教育接受率更高。与严琼、李昀东等学者[20-22]结论相似。可能是由于初婚青年女性流动人口一方面正处于最佳生育年龄,另一方面缺少生育经验,所以生殖健康、妇幼保健等卫生服务需求较为突出;周工作时间较短不会挤压休息时间,从而有闲暇接受健康教育。同时还应加大青年女性流动人口在义务教育阶段的健康教育支持力度,强化青春期教育、传染病防治知识教育等,同时充分发挥医疗机构在健康教育方面的重要作用,加强对医务人员健康教育知识的学习和技能培训,促使其在诊疗过程中利用健康咨询、健康手册等方式落实健康教育,着力提升青年女性流动人口的健康意识。
珠三角作为粤港澳大湾区的重要城市群和流动人口的主要流入地,其反映出的青年女性流动人口基本公共卫生服务利用情况,具有代表性。
在后疫情时代,公共卫生的重要性逐渐凸显,人们的健康意识增加,国家逐步重视基层的医疗卫生服务体系建设,青年女性流动人口作为社会生育的重要参与力量,其基本公共卫生服务利用现状更反映了社会基本公共卫生服务均等化建设情况。政府、卫健委、基层医疗机构,公立医院等主体都应积极把握该机遇,合作联动,为女性公共服务卫生利用合理化,利用均等化赋予更高的行动力,摆正女性在卫生服务领域的平等地位。
  • 广州市哲社科“十四五”规划2023 年度课题(2023GZYB68)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308121
  • 接收时间:2023-08-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-08
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广州市哲社科“十四五”规划2023 年度课题(2023GZYB68)
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    1.广东药科大学医药商学院,广东 广州 510006
    2.卫生经济与健康促进研究中心

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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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