Article(id=1241342451936448523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241342451043061769, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309136, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1694361600000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773888703569, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1708790400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773888703569, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773888703569, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773888703569, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241342451043061769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='4', pageStart='577', pageEnd='768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773888703356, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773893026321, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241360582939562716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241342451043061769, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241360582939562717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241342451043061769, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=713, endPage=721, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241342452318130192, articleId=1241342451936448523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Simultaneous determination of 22 phytotoxins in urine/blood by QuEChERS-Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, columnId=1228016572065837304, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Experimental Technology and Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To establish a high throughput method for the detection of 22 plant toxins in urine and blood by ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.

Methods

The samples were extracted by acetonitrile oscillation, centrifuged, and the supernatant was purified by QuEChERS. Then, the matrix was matched with standard curve and quantified by external standard method. The full scanning mode of UPLC-MS /MS was used to quantitatively analyze and determine 22 kinds of target substances simultaneously. The influence of different extraction solvents, the selection and dosage of purification agent on sample extraction and purification by QuEChERS method was compared, and the sensitivity of the instrument was improved by optimizing the separation conditions of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry parameters.

Results

The regression equations of the 22 components to be measured in urine and blood had an outstanding linear relationship, with correlation coefficients were ≥0.996.The detection limits were 0.01~1.00 μg/L and 0.01~0.90 μg/L, the lower limits of quantification were 0.1-3.0 μg/L and 0.03-3.0 μg/L.The average recovery rates of spiked were 70.5%-125% and 73.7% -118%, Intraday precision and Daytime precision (RSD) were 1.2% to 15.2% (n=6) and 1.2% to 13.5% (n=6), respectively.

Conclusion

The method is rapid, accurate, sensitive and has high throughput. It can realize the rapid and efficient quantitative analysis of 22 plant toxins in blood and urine, and provide a reference for the determination oftrace plant toxins in biological samples.

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目的

以超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱为检测手段,建立尿液和血液中22种植物毒素的高通量快速检测方法。

方法

样品经乙腈振荡提取、离心,取上清液进行QuEChERS净化处理后,基体匹配标准曲线,外标法定量,超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱的全扫描模式同时对22种目标物进行定量分析测定。比较QuEChERS方法的不同提取溶剂种类、净化剂的选择和用量对样品提取与净化的影响,通过优化液相色谱分离条件和质谱参数来提高仪器的灵敏度。

结果

尿液和血液中22种待测成分的回归方程线性良好,相关系数≥0.996,检出限分别为0.01~1.00 μg/L和0.01~0.90 μg/L,定量下限分别为:0.1~3.0 μg/L和0.03~3.0 μg/L,平均加标回收率分别70.5%~125%和73.7%~118%,日内精密度和日间精密度(RSD)分别为1.2%~15.2%(n=6)和1. 2%~13.5%(n=6)。

结论

该方法快速、准确,灵敏度高,检测通量高,实现了血液和尿液中22种植物毒素的高效快速定量分析,为生物样品中痕量植物毒素测定提供了参考。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
吴金菊,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=qYaHHr80vHS9VNfLYUguCg==, magXml=zXv1mh0Nm7BBxigMoDPfRg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Yq94s86OytSkTVA0PM6BiA==, pdfFileSize=3322233, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=U4n4gICm5Jxd3vUxLQLb+Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=69at9geWR7abOTSULetKBw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李四生(1974—),男,本科,副主任技师,研究方向:食品中化学危害因素分析

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李四生(1974—),男,本科,副主任技师,研究方向:食品中化学危害因素分析

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Determination of amanita peptide and tryptamine toxins in wild mushrooms by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. 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Determination of nine banned alkaloids in cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. 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Determination of three gelsemium elegans alkaloids in urine matrix by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Strait Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2023, 29(3): 1-6., articleTitle=Determination of three gelsemium elegans alkaloids in urine matrix by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241342463764386274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342451936448523, awardId=Hwk2020zd0018, language=CN, fundingSource=合肥市卫生健康委应用医学研究重点项目(Hwk2020zd0018), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241342455514189901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342451936448523, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241342455522578510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342451936448523, companyId=1241342455514189901, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Hefei Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui 230061, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241342455530967119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342451936448523, companyId=1241342455514189901, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=合肥市疾病预防控制中心,安徽 合肥 230061)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241342460513800496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342451936448523, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=MRM chromatogram of blood matrix matching standard morphine and triptoline (20 μg/L), figureFileSmall=64vIyLeVuCuHN6HlloOrWA==, figureFileBig=U4n4gICm5Jxd3vUxLQLb+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241342460610269497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342451936448523, language=CN, label=图1, caption=血液基体匹配标准吗啡和雷公藤次碱(20 μg/L)MRM色谱图, figureFileSmall=64vIyLeVuCuHN6HlloOrWA==, figureFileBig=U4n4gICm5Jxd3vUxLQLb+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241342460908065098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342451936448523, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of three extractants on the recovery rate of blood extraction, figureFileSmall=lDUAC8ta9eOyyUWrPEfHbQ==, figureFileBig=vPYzinqDKiqhCiFcmbyuAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241342461000339795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342451936448523, language=CN, label=图2, caption=三种提取剂对血液提取回收率影响, figureFileSmall=lDUAC8ta9eOyyUWrPEfHbQ==, figureFileBig=vPYzinqDKiqhCiFcmbyuAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241342461130363232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342451936448523, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of three extractants on blood matrix effect, figureFileSmall=iYUqNcvxBeLkib1tXbALNw==, figureFileBig=jyhs7mglZOgbQYUbP3pHnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241342461235220843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342451936448523, language=CN, label=图3, caption=三种提取剂对血液基体效应影响, figureFileSmall=iYUqNcvxBeLkib1tXbALNw==, figureFileBig=jyhs7mglZOgbQYUbP3pHnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241342461331689842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342451936448523, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of PSA usage on blood extraction recovery rate, figureFileSmall=pGHZVq2JhfVXrPqxhDPhoA==, figureFileBig=9YwXA1OgyEDHLQ54L62ssA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241342461440741759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342451936448523, language=CN, label=图4, caption=PSA的使用量对血液提取回收率影响, figureFileSmall=pGHZVq2JhfVXrPqxhDPhoA==, figureFileBig=9YwXA1OgyEDHLQ54L62ssA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241342461533016460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342451936448523, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of PSA usage on urine extraction recovery rate, figureFileSmall=O34xBizsTPsNwSSymEN56g==, figureFileBig=WPd5Yl09XUtVwJj+kYz5aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241342463009411481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342451936448523, language=CN, label=图5, caption=PSA的使用量对尿液提取回收率影响, figureFileSmall=O34xBizsTPsNwSSymEN56g==, figureFileBig=WPd5Yl09XUtVwJj+kYz5aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241342463156212133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342451936448523, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mass spectrum parameters of 22 plant toxins

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物母离子m/z子离子m/z保留时间min去簇电压V碰撞能量eV
钩吻碱323.1236.2a4.2514036
195.053
马钱子碱395.1324.1a4.3013040
244.250
消旋山莨菪碱306.3140.3a4.206033
122.236
阿托品290.3124.2a4.4012533
93.338
雷公藤次碱868.3206.2a6.8510052
686.444
颠乌头碱660.4600.3a5.646546
550.253
鱼藤酮395.3213.2a6.879030
192.231
次乌头碱616.3556.1a5.697043
524.349
乌头碱646.3586.4a5.6615045
526.452
东莨菪碱304.4138.1a4.244628
156.322
钩吻素子307180.1a4.3813060
204.166
新乌头碱632.2572.5a5.457045
354.255
士的宁335.2184.1a4.3210050
156.158
雷公藤春碱874.4846.5a6.3010032
17652
秋水仙碱400.2358.2a5.005031
326.134
罂粟碱340.2202.2a4.8511535
324.341
那可丁414.3220.2a4.949530
353.133
吗啡285.9165.3a4.2311047
153.155
蒂巴因312.3249.1a4.645024
58.337
可待因300.2199.0a4.1012038
215.135
苯甲酰乌头原碱604.3554.3a5.0813051
496.258
钩吻素己327.2296.3a4.606024
265.237
), ArticleFig(id=1241342463290429877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342451936448523, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

22种植物毒素成分质谱参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物母离子m/z子离子m/z保留时间min去簇电压V碰撞能量eV
钩吻碱323.1236.2a4.2514036
195.053
马钱子碱395.1324.1a4.3013040
244.250
消旋山莨菪碱306.3140.3a4.206033
122.236
阿托品290.3124.2a4.4012533
93.338
雷公藤次碱868.3206.2a6.8510052
686.444
颠乌头碱660.4600.3a5.646546
550.253
鱼藤酮395.3213.2a6.879030
192.231
次乌头碱616.3556.1a5.697043
524.349
乌头碱646.3586.4a5.6615045
526.452
东莨菪碱304.4138.1a4.244628
156.322
钩吻素子307180.1a4.3813060
204.166
新乌头碱632.2572.5a5.457045
354.255
士的宁335.2184.1a4.3210050
156.158
雷公藤春碱874.4846.5a6.3010032
17652
秋水仙碱400.2358.2a5.005031
326.134
罂粟碱340.2202.2a4.8511535
324.341
那可丁414.3220.2a4.949530
353.133
吗啡285.9165.3a4.2311047
153.155
蒂巴因312.3249.1a4.645024
58.337
可待因300.2199.0a4.1012038
215.135
苯甲酰乌头原碱604.3554.3a5.0813051
496.258
钩吻素己327.2296.3a4.606024
265.237
), ArticleFig(id=1241342463407870397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342451936448523, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Recovery and precision of phytotoxins in blood and urine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物浓度水平(μg/L)血液尿液
加标回收率精密度(RSD,%)加标回收率精密度(RSD,%)
(%)日内日间(%)日内日间
钩吻碱582.47.28.379.56.57.8
5085.25.14.380.55.42.5
20087.16.24.884.52.33.8
马钱子碱589.52.53.390.36.53.8
5090.52.73.699.23.63.8
200100.05.82.5100.08.74.8
消旋山莨菪碱588.32.42.283.61.52.7
5099.23.26.787.82.23.5
20098.55.14.390.51.82.1
阿托品578.93.83.982.13.54.8
5087.84.86.180.56.34.2
20092.16.55.584.37.24.6
雷公藤次碱5100.06.23.299.65.96.2
50101.05.21.298.94.82.5
200103.02.33.2102.03.53.7
颠乌头碱5103.04.45.7105.62.24.0
50106.06.93.8100.32.55.2
200112.07.94.299.73.64.6
鱼藤酮594.614.110.293.13.83.7
5098.311.213.288.55.74.5
200101.09.29.789.48.76.5
次乌头碱5103.01.23.6100.02.51.7
50104.02.52.998.73.22.6
200115.05.25.796.51.85.2
乌头碱5109.02.73.8125.02.63.5
50115.04.83.3105.02.33.8
200118.03.58.8106.01.52.1
东莨菪碱584.515.213.283.13.76.2
5083.610.19.979.85.53.8
20088.16.87.390.54.82.2
钩吻素子575.39.78.983.210.813.5
5076.58.68.278.212.710.2
20079.57.68.579.815.210.9
新乌头碱5105.01.32.1106.03.54.8
50109.03.24.2117.02.61.5
200118.04.44.8100.02.81.7
士的宁578.96.32.575.83.64.4
5088.65.74.980.23.55.2
20085.33.34.583.57.76.1
雷公藤春碱580.53.32.279.86.85.8
5084.25.24.878.46.37.9
20083.54.63.470.54.86.6
秋水仙碱5101.02.51.9100.02.64.3
50103.03.22.599.53.74.4
200105.01.53.198.92.53.9
罂粟碱5103.03.26.3101.03.37.8
50105.04.25.4100.06.56.2
200109.04.35.7116.02.83.9
那可丁5105.01.22.4103.03.54.6
50106.01.51.8105.03.84.1
200108.01.81.9103.05.52.5
吗啡573.78.410.275.29.811.2
5075.27.89.976.210.513.2
20078.76.89.576.711.812.8
蒂巴因584.88.24.887.21.33.5
5088.63.84.686.21.84.2
20090.26.65.787.62.04.6
可待因585.92.33.887.22.56.8
5088.56.26.880.91.33.6
20093.57.75.287.35.94.9
苯甲酰乌头原碱598.78.97.599.57.910.2
50105.02.14.288.96.65.8
200100.05.53.990.86.37.2
钩吻素己590.54.86.297.24.63.9
5098.34.96.996.25.75.2
200100.05.55.798.96.14.8
), ArticleFig(id=1241342463563059657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241342451936448523, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

血和尿中植物毒素加标回收率和精密度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物浓度水平(μg/L)血液尿液
加标回收率精密度(RSD,%)加标回收率精密度(RSD,%)
(%)日内日间(%)日内日间
钩吻碱582.47.28.379.56.57.8
5085.25.14.380.55.42.5
20087.16.24.884.52.33.8
马钱子碱589.52.53.390.36.53.8
5090.52.73.699.23.63.8
200100.05.82.5100.08.74.8
消旋山莨菪碱588.32.42.283.61.52.7
5099.23.26.787.82.23.5
20098.55.14.390.51.82.1
阿托品578.93.83.982.13.54.8
5087.84.86.180.56.34.2
20092.16.55.584.37.24.6
雷公藤次碱5100.06.23.299.65.96.2
50101.05.21.298.94.82.5
200103.02.33.2102.03.53.7
颠乌头碱5103.04.45.7105.62.24.0
50106.06.93.8100.32.55.2
200112.07.94.299.73.64.6
鱼藤酮594.614.110.293.13.83.7
5098.311.213.288.55.74.5
200101.09.29.789.48.76.5
次乌头碱5103.01.23.6100.02.51.7
50104.02.52.998.73.22.6
200115.05.25.796.51.85.2
乌头碱5109.02.73.8125.02.63.5
50115.04.83.3105.02.33.8
200118.03.58.8106.01.52.1
东莨菪碱584.515.213.283.13.76.2
5083.610.19.979.85.53.8
20088.16.87.390.54.82.2
钩吻素子575.39.78.983.210.813.5
5076.58.68.278.212.710.2
20079.57.68.579.815.210.9
新乌头碱5105.01.32.1106.03.54.8
50109.03.24.2117.02.61.5
200118.04.44.8100.02.81.7
士的宁578.96.32.575.83.64.4
5088.65.74.980.23.55.2
20085.33.34.583.57.76.1
雷公藤春碱580.53.32.279.86.85.8
5084.25.24.878.46.37.9
20083.54.63.470.54.86.6
秋水仙碱5101.02.51.9100.02.64.3
50103.03.22.599.53.74.4
200105.01.53.198.92.53.9
罂粟碱5103.03.26.3101.03.37.8
50105.04.25.4100.06.56.2
200109.04.35.7116.02.83.9
那可丁5105.01.22.4103.03.54.6
50106.01.51.8105.03.84.1
200108.01.81.9103.05.52.5
吗啡573.78.410.275.29.811.2
5075.27.89.976.210.513.2
20078.76.89.576.711.812.8
蒂巴因584.88.24.887.21.33.5
5088.63.84.686.21.84.2
20090.26.65.787.62.04.6
可待因585.92.33.887.22.56.8
5088.56.26.880.91.33.6
20093.57.75.287.35.94.9
苯甲酰乌头原碱598.78.97.599.57.910.2
50105.02.14.288.96.65.8
200100.05.53.990.86.37.2
钩吻素己590.54.86.297.24.63.9
5098.34.96.996.25.75.2
200100.05.55.798.96.14.8
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QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱法同时测定尿液和血液中22种植物毒素
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李四生 , 张维 , 章剑 , 葛成相 , 朱国勋 , 李昌安 , 徐慧 , 吴金菊
现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2024,51(4): 713-721
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现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2024, 51(4): 713-721
QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱法同时测定尿液和血液中22种植物毒素
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李四生, 张维, 章剑, 葛成相, 朱国勋, 李昌安, 徐慧, 吴金菊
作者信息
  • 合肥市疾病预防控制中心,安徽 合肥 230061
  • 李四生(1974—),男,本科,副主任技师,研究方向:食品中化学危害因素分析

通讯作者:

吴金菊,E-mail:
Simultaneous determination of 22 phytotoxins in urine/blood by QuEChERS-Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
Si-sheng LI, Wei ZHANG, Jian ZHANG, Cheng-xiang GE, Guo-xun ZHU, Chang-an LI, -Hui XU, Jin-ju WU
Affiliations
  • Hefei Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui 230061, China
出版时间: 2024-02-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309136
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目的

以超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱为检测手段,建立尿液和血液中22种植物毒素的高通量快速检测方法。

方法

样品经乙腈振荡提取、离心,取上清液进行QuEChERS净化处理后,基体匹配标准曲线,外标法定量,超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱的全扫描模式同时对22种目标物进行定量分析测定。比较QuEChERS方法的不同提取溶剂种类、净化剂的选择和用量对样品提取与净化的影响,通过优化液相色谱分离条件和质谱参数来提高仪器的灵敏度。

结果

尿液和血液中22种待测成分的回归方程线性良好,相关系数≥0.996,检出限分别为0.01~1.00 μg/L和0.01~0.90 μg/L,定量下限分别为:0.1~3.0 μg/L和0.03~3.0 μg/L,平均加标回收率分别70.5%~125%和73.7%~118%,日内精密度和日间精密度(RSD)分别为1.2%~15.2%(n=6)和1. 2%~13.5%(n=6)。

结论

该方法快速、准确,灵敏度高,检测通量高,实现了血液和尿液中22种植物毒素的高效快速定量分析,为生物样品中痕量植物毒素测定提供了参考。

尿液  /  血液  /  植物毒素  /  超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法
Objective

To establish a high throughput method for the detection of 22 plant toxins in urine and blood by ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.

Methods

The samples were extracted by acetonitrile oscillation, centrifuged, and the supernatant was purified by QuEChERS. Then, the matrix was matched with standard curve and quantified by external standard method. The full scanning mode of UPLC-MS /MS was used to quantitatively analyze and determine 22 kinds of target substances simultaneously. The influence of different extraction solvents, the selection and dosage of purification agent on sample extraction and purification by QuEChERS method was compared, and the sensitivity of the instrument was improved by optimizing the separation conditions of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry parameters.

Results

The regression equations of the 22 components to be measured in urine and blood had an outstanding linear relationship, with correlation coefficients were ≥0.996.The detection limits were 0.01~1.00 μg/L and 0.01~0.90 μg/L, the lower limits of quantification were 0.1-3.0 μg/L and 0.03-3.0 μg/L.The average recovery rates of spiked were 70.5%-125% and 73.7% -118%, Intraday precision and Daytime precision (RSD) were 1.2% to 15.2% (n=6) and 1.2% to 13.5% (n=6), respectively.

Conclusion

The method is rapid, accurate, sensitive and has high throughput. It can realize the rapid and efficient quantitative analysis of 22 plant toxins in blood and urine, and provide a reference for the determination oftrace plant toxins in biological samples.

Urine  /  Blood  /  Phytotoxin  /  Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
李四生, 张维, 章剑, 葛成相, 朱国勋, 李昌安, 徐慧, 吴金菊. QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱法同时测定尿液和血液中22种植物毒素. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (4) : 713 -721 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309136
Si-sheng LI, Wei ZHANG, Jian ZHANG, Cheng-xiang GE, Guo-xun ZHU, Chang-an LI, -Hui XU, Jin-ju WU. Simultaneous determination of 22 phytotoxins in urine/blood by QuEChERS-Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (4) : 713 -721 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309136
我国有丰富植物资源,其中有毒植物有943种,外加毒蕈83种。有毒植物和毒蕈在生物或化学作用条件下能够产生生物碱、多酚、蛋白质及肽类等8大类约1 300多种植物毒素[1]。植物毒素种类繁多, 结构复杂多样,溶解性和机体内富集、代谢情况差异大。大多数植物毒素经口进入人体,经消化道进入血液循环,由肾小球过滤由尿液排出。植物毒素中毒剂量小,致死率高,可引起急、慢性中毒。每年全世界因误食植物毒素导致的中毒事件屡屡发生,成为广泛关注的公共卫生问题。
目前,植物毒素成分常见前处理方法主要有:QuEChERS [1-3]、固相支撑液液萃取法[4-5]、固相萃取法[6-8]以及免疫亲和柱法[9]等,其中QuEChERS技术作为样品前处理新技术,因具有快速(Quick)、简单(Easy)、便宜(Cheap)、有效 (Effective)、可靠(Rugged)和安全(Safe)优点,故将其命名为QuEChERS,目前该方法已经开始得到了广泛应用。分析方法有气相色谱-质联用法(Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)[10]、高效液相色谱(High performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)[11]、高效液相色谱质谱法(Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)[12-15]等,其中UPLC-MS/MS具有灵敏度高、检测限低、分析检测速度快、定量准确等优点,适合生物样品中痕量植物毒素测定分析。
针对目前植物毒素检测样品前处理方法以液液萃取和固相萃取方法为主,其中液液萃取前处理方法提取效率低,需要大量使用溶剂;固相萃取前处理方法检测成本高,操作复杂,同时检测植物毒素种类较少,一定程度上导致植物毒素中毒原因查明率不高。本次研究的QuEChERS前处理方法与液液萃取相比较,它是更为理想的前处理方法,对样品具有更好的净化作用,较好的降低基质效应的影响,适用于基质复杂、所含待测物成分复杂的生物样品提取检测;同时QuEChERS前处理方法与固相萃取方法相比,具有操作便捷,价格便宜等优点。UPLC-MS/MS检测技术对植物毒素进行检测分析,不但定性准确,灵敏度高,更通过标准曲线完成了准确定量工作,一次性可以同时检测多种植物毒素,大大节省了样品量和检测时间。
多管漩涡混匀器(EFAA-HM-01型,上海安谱);超高效液相色谱仪(LC-30AC型,日本岛津);三重四极杆质谱仪(Triple Quad 6500型,美国AB SCIEX);超纯水系统(Milli-Q Direct 8型,美国MILLIPORE);BT 423S电子天平(赛多利斯科学仪器(北京)有限公司);Multifuge X4RPro台式高速冷冻离心机(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific);加样枪(德国eppendorf);0.22 μm 滤膜(美国Waters)。
消旋山莨菪碱标准品、钩吻碱标准品、钩吻素己标准品、钩吻素子标准品、秋水仙碱标准品、阿托品、东莨菪碱、(青岛普瑞邦生物,纯度≥99%);雷公藤春碱标准品、雷公藤次碱标准品(上海甄准生物,纯度≥98%);滇乌头碱标准品(加拿大TRC,纯度≥98%);那可丁标准品、鱼藤酮标准品、罂粟碱标准品(德国LGC Labor GmbH,纯度≥97%);马钱子碱标准品(美国Panphy,纯度≥98%);吗啡标准、可待因标准、蒂巴因标准品(美国Cerilliant,纯度≥97%);苯甲酰乌头原碱、次乌头碱标准品、新乌头碱标准品、乌头碱标准品、士的宁标准品(成都曼斯特生物,纯度≥98%);氨水,色谱纯(美国 MREDA);甲酸、乙酸,甲醇、乙腈、丙酮、色谱纯(美国Thermo-Fisher);氯化钠,AR(中国国药集团);十八烷基硅烷(Octadecylsilane, C18)、N-丙基乙二胺(N-propyl ethylenediamine, PSA):40~60 μm(武汉伟琪博星生物)。
新鲜人血液和尿液。
ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm,Waters公司),Van Guard BEH C18保护柱(5 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm,Waters公司);流动相A为乙腈,流动相B为含0.1%甲酸的2 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液。梯度洗脱程序:0~1 min:2% A;1~7 min:2%A~98%A; 7~8 min:98%A;8~8.1 min;98%A~2%A;8.1~9 min:2%A。流速0.30 mL/min;柱温为45 ℃;进样体积2 μ L。
电喷雾离子源(ESI),离子源温度(TEM) 300℃、电压(IS) 5 500 V,气帘气压强(CUR):喷雾气压强(Gas1)60 psi,辅助加热气压强(Gas 2)60 psi,Gas1和Gas 2均为氮气,40 psi,碰撞气压强(CAD):8 psi,EPI碰撞能量为36eV,正离子扫描,多反应监测(MRM)模式。
分别将22种植物毒素标准物质按照标准说明书选择用适合的溶剂溶解,根据各种植物毒素标准溶解后的浓度,取适量体积到10 mL容量瓶中,用乙腈定容,制备成1.00 g/L的混合标准储备溶液,于-70 ℃保存。临用时再用40%乙腈稀释成混合标准工作溶液1.00 mg/L。
准确吸取1.0 mL全血样品,加入2.0 mL乙腈和70 mg NaCl,振荡10 min,在低温4℃下以转速为8 000 r/min离心10 min,在离心得到的1.0mL上清液中加入30 mg PSA和30 mg C18,再次振荡净化10 min,以上次离心速度和时间再离心一次,对离心后的上清液用0.22 μm有机微孔膜过滤至进样瓶中,待上机测定。
准确吸取1.0 mL尿液,加入500 μL甲醇,加入30 mg PSA和40 mg C18,振荡10 min,在4℃下以8 000 r/min的转速离心10 min,取上层清液,用0.22 μm有机微孔膜过滤至进样瓶中,待上机测定。
空白尿液和血液分别经过QuEChERS样品前处理方法后得到空白基体,在空白基体中分别加入不同体积的标准工作溶液(1.00 mg/L),配制成浓度为0.05、1.00、5.00、10.0、20.0、50.0、100、200 μg/L的系列溶液,上机测定。以定量离子对的峰面积(y)相对应的标准溶液浓度(x, μ g/L)进行线性回归计算。
利用QuEChERS 样品前处理方法对空白的血液和尿液进行提取和净化,在所得的空白尿液和血液基质液中加入浓度1.00 mg/L标准工作溶液,制备成混合标准浓度为C的溶液,进行测定标准峰面积为A1。在乙腈中加入浓度1.00 mg/L标准工作溶液,制备成混合标准浓度C溶液,进行测定标准峰面积A2,基质效应ME如公式1所示。
在1.0 mL空白尿液和血液中,加入浓度1.00 mg/L标准工作溶液X μL,按照样品前处理方法操作后,上机测定得到的响应为A1;在1.0 mL空白尿液、血液通过相同提取方法得到基质液,在提取所得全部的基质液中加入浓度1.00 mg/L标准工作溶液X μL,得到样品浓度为X μg/L的溶液,上机测定得到的响应为A2。提取回收率P如公式2所示。
在空白血液和尿液样品中分别加入混合标准工作溶液1.00 mg/L,根据QuEChERS样品前处理方法分别进行前处理,配置成理论值分别为5 μg/L、50 μg/L与200 μg/L三个高、中、低系列浓度,在一个工作日内平行测定6次,计算高、中、低三个浓度的日间精密度和加标回收率。在连续3个工作日内对上述高、中、低三个浓度水平的样品进行上机测定(各平行试验测定6次)计算日间精密度,通过测量高、中、低三个浓度的相对标准(RSD)来评估方法的精密度。
在空白血液和尿液样品中分别加入混合标准工作溶液1.00 mg/L,根据QuEChERS样品前处理方法分别进行前处理,配置成理论值分别为5 μg/L、50 μg/L与200 μg/L三个高、中、低系列浓度,提取液后在室温下连续测定3天,每天测定1次,考察样品提取液含量的变化。
对22种植物毒素成分单一标准逐一直接使用针泵注入离子源内,在一级全扫描质谱中确定母离子后,再对母离子进行二级质谱扫描获得子离子对,选择合适的子离子对,在多反应监测(Multiple response monitoring, MRM)模式下,对质谱的去簇电压(Blanking voltage, DP)及碰撞能量(Collision energy, CE)参数进行选择和优化,具体参数见表1
选择色谱柱为 BEH C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm);进样量:2 μL,流速:0.3 mL/min。在实验条件下,为了减少拖尾现象,实验在甲酸铵浓度为5 mmol/L时,各物质峰形均不拖尾。因此选择含0.1 %甲酸的5 mmol/L甲酸铵溶液为水相(A),乙腈为有机相(B)作为超高效色谱的流动相。并且在该条件下,不断优化梯度洗脱程序,达到22种植物毒素较好效果分离,各成分出峰时间在4.30 min~8.09 min之间,见吗啡和雷公藤次碱MRM色谱图1
针对QuEChERS前处理方法提取和净化两个步骤进行优化和改良。在提取阶段对常见的萃取剂甲醇、乙腈和丙酮进行选择优化;在净化阶段对加入的净化剂PSA、C18进行选择优化。通过考察各种植物毒素的提取回收率的高低和基质效应的改善情况,选择合适的萃取剂和吸附剂,同时进行优化组合,确定各自的使用剂量。
尿液样品离心后直接PSA和C18净化处理。血液分别考察常用的甲醇、丙酮和乙腈三种不同萃取溶剂的提取回收率和基体效应。乙腈作为萃取剂和NaCl作为盐析剂时,蛋白及血细胞沉淀好,22种植物毒素提取回收率明显要高,大多数待测成分基体效应在0.6~1.2之间,而甲醇和丙酮作为萃取剂时,蒂巴因、苯甲酰乌头碱等多种植物毒素提取回收率低,雷公藤次碱、苯甲酰乌头碱基体效应小于0.6,可待因、钩吻素子基体效应大于1.2。结果见图23
试验进一步对血液萃取剂乙腈的体积研究,分别考察了血液与乙腈体积比为1:1、1:2、1:3下的提取回收效率和基体效应。当血液:乙腈=1:2时,基质效应小、回收率高。
PSA对含有氨基(-NH2)和羟基(-OH)官能团的物质净化效果较好。尿液中加入PSA 40 mg振荡10 min后,尿样的黄色明显变淡,底部的PSA沉淀为黄色,PSA可改善基质效应使尿液颜色变淡,随着PSA使用量的增加,净化效果更明显,但是PSA使用量增加会降低样品提取回收率。在1.0 mL血液空白基体溶液中,加入浓度750 μg/L标准工作溶液10.0 μ L,分别选择30 mg、40 mg、50 mg、60 mg的PSA进行净化,在血液中PSA使用量30~50 mg时,很多待测成分的提取回收率比较稳定,使用量超过60 mg时,部分植物毒素成分的提取回收率下降。因此实验选择PSA的使用量血液为30 mg和尿液40 mg。实验结果见图45
在使用C18作为吸附剂时,除去血液中的油脂、甾醇、维生素等物质,基质效应改善效果明显,在C18用量超过30 mg时大部分待测物提取回收率开始下降。为保证高的提取回收率降低和改善基体效应,最终选择30 mg PSA+30 mg C18作为血液的净化剂,40 mg PSA+30 mg C18作为尿液净化剂。
22种待测成分回归方程具有很好的线性关系,相关系数r≥0. 996。分别在空白血液/尿液样品中加入低浓度22种植物毒素成分,按照试验前处理方法处理和试验方法测定,以定性离子的信噪比(S/N)≥3时对应的浓度为检出限(LOD),以S/N≥10时对应的浓度为定量限(LOQ)。血液和尿液中22种植物毒素成分的检出限分别为0.01~1.00 μg/L和0.01~0.90 μg/L,定量下限分别为:0.1~3.0 μg/L和0.03~3.0 μg/L,能够满足植物毒素中毒应急检测的要求。
血液/尿液中的植物毒素成分的日内精密度和日间精密度(Relative standard deviation, RSD)分别为1.2%~15.2%和1. 2%~13.5%,平均加标回收率为70.5%~125%和73.7%~118%,具体数据见表2
通过以空白基体匹配标准曲线,解决了22种待测成分离子样品的保留时间与标准曲线保留时间不一致的问题,前处理方法对样品的净化效果较好,基质效应得到了改善。
5 μ g/L、50 μ g/L与200 μ g/L三个浓度提取液于室温保存,3天内22种植物毒素成分均未发生明显的降解。
本次研究针对植物毒素中毒特点,建立了QuEChERS样品前处理方法可以针对不同基质、待测物,搭配不同的净化剂,能做到在最大限度保留待测物的基础上,有针对性的净化复杂基质,提高植物毒素的提取能力。通过对超高效液相色谱与质谱的条件选择优化,建立了22种植物毒素成分的定性和定量离子谱库,实现了MRM定量分析功能。在分析方法的基础上,进一步成功改良QuEChERS前处理方法,对基质效应和提取回收率评估,验证了样品前处理方法的有效性,进一步对检出限、定量限、线性关系、精密度和加标回收率等进行考察,确认了在复杂基质和低浓度待测成分条件下,该方法具有简便、快速、灵敏、准确等优点,适合血液和尿液中多种植物毒素成分的中毒检测。本次研究为生物样品中植物毒素检测分析提供新思路和方法,弥补相关应急处理缺乏相应的检测技术储备不足,尤其目前植物毒素仅局限几种成分具有国家标准检测方法,一定程度上为解决在中毒事件处置中中毒原因查明率不高、检测方法有限等问题具有积极作用。但是本次研究建立的植物毒素检测方法能够检测的种类较少,只有22种,此外,如钩吻素子等加标回收率仍不高,需要继续进行研究,增加植物毒素检测的种类,以便满足植物毒素中毒事件检测需要。
  • 合肥市卫生健康委应用医学研究重点项目(Hwk2020zd0018)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309136
  • 接收时间:2023-09-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-11
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合肥市卫生健康委应用医学研究重点项目(Hwk2020zd0018)
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    合肥市疾病预防控制中心,安徽 合肥 230061

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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