Article(id=1241329580510859617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241329570129956900, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503244, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741968000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773885634782, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773885634782, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773885634782, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773885634782, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241329570129956900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='13', pageStart='2305', pageEnd='2496', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773885632307, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773885763730, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241330121425080472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241329570129956900, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241330121425080473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241329570129956900, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2459, endPage=2465, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241329580892541292, articleId=1241329580510859617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Extraction of total flavonoids from Allium mongolicum and its preventive effect on high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice, columnId=1228016572065837304, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Experimental Technology and Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Allium mongolicum and investigate its in vitro hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities as well as preventive effects on high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice.

Methods

Single-factor experiments and Box-Behnken response surface methodology were employed to determine the optimal extraction conditions. In vitro experiments evaluated the inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase activities. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control, high-fat diet (HFD), and three treatment groups (0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 g/kg doses),with six mice per group. After 8 weeks of intervention, serum lipid profiles, liver enzymes, blood glucose, and histopathological changes were analyzed.

Results

The optimal extraction conditions yielded 10.43 (±0.52) mg/g total flavonoids. The IC50 values for pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase inhibition were 0.99 mg/ml and 5.17 mg/ml, respectively. Compared with HFD group, medium and high dose groups showed significant reductions in body weight, fat mass, serum TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, AST, and blood glucose levels (P<0.05), along with improved hepatic and adipose tissue pathology.

Conclusion

The optimized extraction process effectively enhances flavonoid yield from Allium mongolicum, and the obtained flavonoids demonstrate potential in preventing high-fat diet-induced obesity by improving glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.

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目的

优化蒙古韭总黄酮的提取方法,同时探究蒙古韭总黄酮体外降糖降脂活性及其对高脂饮食诱导小鼠肥胖的预防作用。

方法

以蒙古韭总黄酮得率为评价指标,通过单因素实验和Box-behnken响应面法,确定最佳提取工艺;利用体外实验评价蒙古韭总黄酮对胰脂肪酶以及α-葡糖苷酶活性的抑制作用;雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分成对照组、高脂组、低剂量组(0.75 g/kg)、中剂量组(1.5 g/kg)、高剂量组(2.25 g/kg),每组6只。对照组饲喂正常饲料,其余4组均饲喂高脂饲料,实验进行8周,采集血液、肝脏、脂肪组织,对小鼠血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、血糖含量进行测定,苏木清-伊红染色观察肝脏与脂肪组织病理变化。

结果

蒙古韭总黄酮最佳的提取条件是粒径为90目,采用70%乙醇作溶剂,在料液比为1:35(g/ml)条件下,40 ℃功率为65%超声20 min,其得率为(10.43±0.52)mg/g;蒙古韭总黄酮抑制胰脂肪酶与α-葡糖苷酶的半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为0.99 mg/ml、5.17 mg/ml;与HFD组相比,低剂量组各项指标均无明显改变(P>0.05),中、高剂量组小鼠的体重、脂肪重量和脂体比降低(P<0.05),同时血清TC、TG、LDL-C、ALT、AST和血糖水平也下降(P<0.05),中、高剂量组小鼠肝脏和脂肪组织的病理变化得到改善。

结论

优选的提取工艺能有效提高蒙古韭总黄酮的得率,所得蒙古韭总黄酮能够改善高脂饮食诱导的糖脂代谢紊乱从而预防肥胖。

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包艳,E-mail:
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韩雅静(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:食物营养与健康

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韩雅静(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:食物营养与健康

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Study on metabolism of C- glucoside flavonoids in Eichhornia crassipes in vivo, its obesity prevention effect and mechanism[D] .Nanchang: Jiangxi Agricultural University, 2022.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Study on metabolism of C- glucoside flavonoids in Eichhornia crassipes in vivo, its obesity prevention effect and mechanism, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241329764066193725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=173, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Yang YJ, Zhang PL, Huang Z, journalName=LWT, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang YJ, Zhang PL, Huang Z, et al. Phenolics from Sterculia nobilis Smith pericarp by-products delay carbohydrate digestion by uncompetitively inhibiting α-glucosidase and α-amylase[J] . 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Agaricus bisporus Extract Exerts an Anti-Obesity Effect in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6N Mice by Inhibiting Pancreatic Lipase-Mediated Fat Absorption[J] .Nutrients, 2023, 15(19): 4225., articleTitle=Agaricus bisporus Extract Exerts an Anti-Obesity Effect in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6N Mice by Inhibiting Pancreatic Lipase-Mediated Fat Absorption, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241329764246548806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=14, issue=5, pageStart=257, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Wang JH, Dong JN, Zhong FR, journalName=Metabolites, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang JH, Dong JN, Zhong FR, et al. 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Nutrients, 2022, 14(19): 3909., articleTitle=Inhibition of α-Glucosidase and pancreatic lipase properties of mitragyna speciosa(Korth.)havil.(kratom)leaves, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241329764502401361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=56, issue=5, pageStart=981, pageEnd=994, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=26, authorNames=姚轶俊, 鞠兴荣, 王立峰, journalName=中国农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姚轶俊, 鞠兴荣, 王立峰.荞麦多酚干预对高脂膳食诱导小鼠的降脂作用及其调控机制[J] .中国农业科学202356(5):981-994., articleTitle=荞麦多酚干预对高脂膳食诱导小鼠的降脂作用及其调控机制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241329764632424792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=56, issue=5, pageStart=981, pageEnd=994, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Yao YJ, Ju XR, Wang LF, journalName=Scientia Agricultura Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yao YJ, Ju XR, Wang LF. Lipid-Lowering effects and its regulation mechanism of buckwheat polyphenols in High-Fat Diet-Induced obese mice[J] . Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(5): 981-994.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Lipid-Lowering effects and its regulation mechanism of buckwheat polyphenols in High-Fat Diet-Induced obese mice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241329764762448222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=58, issue=5, pageStart=641, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Petrescu M, Vlaicu SI, Ciumǎrnean L, journalName=Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Petrescu M, Vlaicu SI, Ciumǎrnean L, et al. Chronic Inflammation-A Link between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and dysfunctional adipose tissue[J] . Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2022,58(5): 641., articleTitle=Chronic Inflammation-A Link between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and dysfunctional adipose tissue, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241329759058194565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, awardId=82460645, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(82460645), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241329759175635082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, awardId=2021LHMS08017, language=CN, fundingSource=内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021LHMS08017), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241329761155346578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, awardId=202201368, language=CN, fundingSource=内蒙古自治区卫生健康委医疗卫生科技计划项目(202201368), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241329761281175704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, awardId=NJYT22119, language=CN, fundingSource=内蒙古高校青年科技英才计划项目(NJYT22119), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241329752745767547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241329752749961852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, companyId=1241329752745767547, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014040, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241329752762544766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, companyId=1241329752745767547, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古科技大学包头医学院公共卫生学院,内蒙古 包头 014040)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241329756948460528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=The results of single factor experiment, figureFileSmall=L4/QTwSxlL2En4aL3WyCZw==, figureFileBig=zGLMFMAeOMb+V4ZCgp748g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241329757086872571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, language=CN, label=图1, caption=单因素实验结果, figureFileSmall=L4/QTwSxlL2En4aL3WyCZw==, figureFileBig=zGLMFMAeOMb+V4ZCgp748g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241329757263032323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Effect of total flavonoids of Allium mongolicum Regel on pancreatic lipase and α -glucosidase activity, figureFileSmall=v5aAJyonsSSV9t9IsSqzBQ==, figureFileBig=AMYRUdE70q7Oy1gjhZURbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241329757346918412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, language=CN, label=图2, caption=蒙古韭总黄酮对胰脂肪酶及α-葡糖苷酶的活性影响

注:A为胰脂肪酶;B为α葡糖苷酶。

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注:A为甘油三酯;B为总胆固醇;C为高密度脂蛋白;D为低密度脂蛋白;E为谷丙转氨酶;F为谷草转氨酶;G为血糖;与CON组相比,aP<0.05;与HFD组相比,bP<0.05。

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注:A肝脏外观;B肝脏组织学染色(HE染色,×200);C附睾脂肪组织学染色(HE染色,×200)。

, figureFileSmall=0S7QixkRGvQuCKrYwUTSDA==, figureFileBig=i39+oqZWS6eJ8XVpEdsIMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241329757976064073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factors and levels of total flavonoids in Allium mongolicum Regel by response surface methodology

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素水平
-101
A 乙醇浓度(%)607080
B 液料比(ml/g)253545
C 提取时间(min)102030
), ArticleFig(id=1241329758089310290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

响应面法分析蒙古韭总黄酮的影响因素和水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素水平
-101
A 乙醇浓度(%)607080
B 液料比(ml/g)253545
C 提取时间(min)102030
), ArticleFig(id=1241329758189973591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Response surface design and analysis results of total flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验数因素蒙古韭总黄酮得率
(Y:mg/g)
A(%)B(min)C(ml/g)
1-1-1-1-107.187 1
21-107.499 4
3-1107.075 4
41109.298 3
5-10-16.495 7
610-17.538 0
7-1016.812 2
81018.070 9
90-1-18.309 6
1001-19.292 4
110-119.861 7
120119.043 6
1300010.586 0
1400011.057 0
1500010.868 0
), ArticleFig(id=1241329758294831198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

蒙古韭总黄酮的响应面设计及分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验数因素蒙古韭总黄酮得率
(Y:mg/g)
A(%)B(min)C(ml/g)
1-1-1-1-107.187 1
21-107.499 4
3-1107.075 4
41109.298 3
5-10-16.495 7
610-17.538 0
7-1016.812 2
81018.070 9
90-1-18.309 6
1001-19.292 4
110-119.861 7
120119.043 6
1300010.586 0
1400011.057 0
1500010.868 0
), ArticleFig(id=1241329758420660325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of variance for the fitted regression model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
原始资料平方和v均方FP
模型32.0993.5741.020.000 4显著
A-乙醇浓度2.9212.9233.630.002 1
B-提取时间0.428 710.428 74.930.077 1
C-液料比0.579 310.579 36.660.049 4
AB0.912 610.912 610.500.023 0
AC0.011 710.011 70.13470.728 7
BC0.810 810.810 89.330.028 3
A222.80122.80262.20<0.000 1
B21.2711.2714.640.012 3
C24.6614.6653.560.000 7
残差0.434 750.086 9
失拟误差0.322 430.107 51.910.361 5不显著
纯误差0.112 420.056 2
相关性总和32.5314
), ArticleFig(id=1241329758550683758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

拟合回归模型的方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
原始资料平方和v均方FP
模型32.0993.5741.020.000 4显著
A-乙醇浓度2.9212.9233.630.002 1
B-提取时间0.428 710.428 74.930.077 1
C-液料比0.579 310.579 36.660.049 4
AB0.912 610.912 610.500.023 0
AC0.011 710.011 70.13470.728 7
BC0.810 810.810 89.330.028 3
A222.80122.80262.20<0.000 1
B21.2711.2714.640.012 3
C24.6614.6653.560.000 7
残差0.434 750.086 9
失拟误差0.322 430.107 51.910.361 5不显著
纯误差0.112 420.056 2
相关性总和32.5314
), ArticleFig(id=1241329758680707186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Body weight, visceral fat content and lipid body ratio of mice in each group (, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组体重(g)内脏脂肪(g)脂体比(%)
CON23.12±0.450.30±0.101.28±0.42
HFD27.37±0.4*1.14±0.22*4.15±0.73*
HFD-L27.89±1.78*1.07±0.24*3.86±0.01*
HFD-M24.48±1.02#0.72±0.11#2.93±0.45#
HFD-H25.28±0.6#0.61±0.13#2.42±0.53#
), ArticleFig(id=1241329758789759093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329580510859617, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各组小鼠体重、内脏脂肪和脂体比(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组体重(g)内脏脂肪(g)脂体比(%)
CON23.12±0.450.30±0.101.28±0.42
HFD27.37±0.4*1.14±0.22*4.15±0.73*
HFD-L27.89±1.78*1.07±0.24*3.86±0.01*
HFD-M24.48±1.02#0.72±0.11#2.93±0.45#
HFD-H25.28±0.6#0.61±0.13#2.42±0.53#
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蒙古韭总黄酮提取及其预防高脂饮食诱导小鼠肥胖的实验研究
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韩雅静 , 唐彬彬 , 马红男 , 邬子懿 , 霍丽娜 , 孙铭 , 张然 , 宋丽新 , 包艳
现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2025,52(13): 2459-2465
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现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2025, 52(13): 2459-2465
蒙古韭总黄酮提取及其预防高脂饮食诱导小鼠肥胖的实验研究
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韩雅静, 唐彬彬, 马红男, 邬子懿, 霍丽娜, 孙铭, 张然, 宋丽新, 包艳
作者信息
  • 内蒙古科技大学包头医学院公共卫生学院,内蒙古 包头 014040
  • 韩雅静(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:食物营养与健康

通讯作者:

包艳,E-mail:
Extraction of total flavonoids from Allium mongolicum and its preventive effect on high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice
Ya-jing HAN, Bin-bin TANG, Hong-nan MA, Zi-yi WU, Li-na HUO, Ming SUN, Ran ZHANG, Li-xin SONG, Yan BAO
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014040, China
出版时间: 2025-07-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503244
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目的

优化蒙古韭总黄酮的提取方法,同时探究蒙古韭总黄酮体外降糖降脂活性及其对高脂饮食诱导小鼠肥胖的预防作用。

方法

以蒙古韭总黄酮得率为评价指标,通过单因素实验和Box-behnken响应面法,确定最佳提取工艺;利用体外实验评价蒙古韭总黄酮对胰脂肪酶以及α-葡糖苷酶活性的抑制作用;雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分成对照组、高脂组、低剂量组(0.75 g/kg)、中剂量组(1.5 g/kg)、高剂量组(2.25 g/kg),每组6只。对照组饲喂正常饲料,其余4组均饲喂高脂饲料,实验进行8周,采集血液、肝脏、脂肪组织,对小鼠血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、血糖含量进行测定,苏木清-伊红染色观察肝脏与脂肪组织病理变化。

结果

蒙古韭总黄酮最佳的提取条件是粒径为90目,采用70%乙醇作溶剂,在料液比为1:35(g/ml)条件下,40 ℃功率为65%超声20 min,其得率为(10.43±0.52)mg/g;蒙古韭总黄酮抑制胰脂肪酶与α-葡糖苷酶的半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为0.99 mg/ml、5.17 mg/ml;与HFD组相比,低剂量组各项指标均无明显改变(P>0.05),中、高剂量组小鼠的体重、脂肪重量和脂体比降低(P<0.05),同时血清TC、TG、LDL-C、ALT、AST和血糖水平也下降(P<0.05),中、高剂量组小鼠肝脏和脂肪组织的病理变化得到改善。

结论

优选的提取工艺能有效提高蒙古韭总黄酮的得率,所得蒙古韭总黄酮能够改善高脂饮食诱导的糖脂代谢紊乱从而预防肥胖。

蒙古韭总黄酮  /  生物活性  /  降糖降脂  /  肥胖
Objective

To optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Allium mongolicum and investigate its in vitro hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities as well as preventive effects on high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice.

Methods

Single-factor experiments and Box-Behnken response surface methodology were employed to determine the optimal extraction conditions. In vitro experiments evaluated the inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase activities. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control, high-fat diet (HFD), and three treatment groups (0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 g/kg doses),with six mice per group. After 8 weeks of intervention, serum lipid profiles, liver enzymes, blood glucose, and histopathological changes were analyzed.

Results

The optimal extraction conditions yielded 10.43 (±0.52) mg/g total flavonoids. The IC50 values for pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase inhibition were 0.99 mg/ml and 5.17 mg/ml, respectively. Compared with HFD group, medium and high dose groups showed significant reductions in body weight, fat mass, serum TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, AST, and blood glucose levels (P<0.05), along with improved hepatic and adipose tissue pathology.

Conclusion

The optimized extraction process effectively enhances flavonoid yield from Allium mongolicum, and the obtained flavonoids demonstrate potential in preventing high-fat diet-induced obesity by improving glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.

Allium mongolicum flavonoids  /  Bioactivity  /  Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects  /  Obesity
韩雅静, 唐彬彬, 马红男, 邬子懿, 霍丽娜, 孙铭, 张然, 宋丽新, 包艳. 蒙古韭总黄酮提取及其预防高脂饮食诱导小鼠肥胖的实验研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (13) : 2459 -2465 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503244
Ya-jing HAN, Bin-bin TANG, Hong-nan MA, Zi-yi WU, Li-na HUO, Ming SUN, Ran ZHANG, Li-xin SONG, Yan BAO. Extraction of total flavonoids from Allium mongolicum and its preventive effect on high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (13) : 2459 -2465 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503244
肥胖是一种复杂的慢性代谢性疾病,通常以体内脂肪过度堆积,导致体重增加并对健康产生不良影响为特征[1]。2024年世界肥胖地图显示,2020年全球有10亿成年人肥胖,到2035年人数将达到近15亿。对于5~19岁的青少年来说,2035年,超重或肥胖比例将从28%(4.35亿人)上升到39%以上(7.7亿人)[2]。全球肥胖率的急剧上升,已成为心血管疾病、脂肪肝及多种癌症的主要危险因素[3]。机体发生糖脂代谢紊乱可以导致肥胖的发生和发展,因此,寻找新型药物或天然植物化学物来改善糖脂代谢是治疗和预防肥胖的有效策略[4-5]
蒙古韭(allium mongolicum),也称为沙葱,是一种典型的旱生百合科葱属植物,生长在高海拔沙漠、草原地区[6],据蒙医记载,蒙古韭具有降血压、降血脂、开胃、补肾、壮阳等多种特殊功效[7],由于其风味独特,营养价值高,已成为内蒙古地区居民最广泛食用的野生蔬菜之一。此外,蒙古韭含有多种生物活性成分,如黄酮类、烷烃类和酸类等[8]。目前,关于蒙古韭总黄酮生物活性研究主要集中在抗菌、抗氧化和抗肿瘤等方面[9-11],但对其调节血糖血脂、改善肥胖的研究报道较少。因此,本研究先期优化了蒙古韭总黄酮的提取条件,然后研究提取物在体外对胰脂肪酶及α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制作用,最后在高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠模型上评价了蒙古韭总黄酮预防肥胖的功效,可为研究预防及治疗肥胖手段提供新思路,也可为内蒙古特色资源蒙古韭的进一步深入开发和综合利用提供科学依据。
旋转蒸发仪(上海亚荣),低温高速离心机(美国Thermo),酶标仪(美国Thermo)。
新鲜蒙古韭采自内蒙古鄂尔多斯市;芦丁标准品、Tris-Hcl缓冲液、猪胰脂肪酶、4-硝基苯基磷酸二钠盐六水合物(disodium 4-nitro phenyl phosphate hexahydrate,PNPP)、α-葡糖苷酶均购自上海源叶;甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein,LDL)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、谷丙转氨酶(alaninetransaminase,ALT)试剂盒购自南京建成;血糖含量试剂盒购自江苏艾迪生;正常饲料(10 kcal%脂肪、20 kcal%蛋白质和70 kcal%碳水化合物,编号D12450)和高脂肪饮食(60 kcal%油脂、20 kcal%蛋白质和20 kcal%碳水化合物,编号D12492)购自小黍有泰责任有限公司。
30只7周龄SPF级雄性C57BL/6J小鼠,由北京斯贝福生物技术有限公司提供,动物许可证号:SCXK(京)2024-000,该动物实验研究得到包头医学院医学伦理审查委员会批准,批件号:包医伦审2024第(6)号。所有实验动物处于同一环境,自由采食、采水,动物饲养室内每日的温度和湿度范围:温度:20 ℃~25 ℃;湿度:55%~65%,12 h明暗循环。适应性喂养1周后开始实验。
参考Zhu等[12-13]的方法稍作修改,新鲜蒙古韭55 ℃烘干,粉碎后石油醚脱脂脱色24 h备用,准确称取1 g蒙古韭粉末置于15 ml试管中,按照料液比1∶35(g/ml)加入70%乙醇溶液,超声波功率65%,40 ℃下反应20 min,抽滤取上清液旋转蒸发定容至5 ml,冷冻干燥后得乙醇提取物。对上述乙醇提取物行初步鉴定并按照标准曲线计算得率。
称取蒙古韭粉末20 g,分别考察不同粉末粒径(20~40、40~60、60~80、80~100和100~120目)、乙醇浓度(50%、60%、70%、80%、90%)、提取时间(10、20、30、40和50 min)、液料比(15∶1、25∶1、35∶1、45∶1和55∶1 ml/g)、提取温度(30、40、50、60和70 ℃)、超声波功率(55%、65%、75%、85%、95%)对蒙古韭总黄酮得率的影响,各平行操作3次,缩小各因素的优化水平范围。
依据Box-Behnken试验设计原理,基于2.3实验结果筛选出乙醇浓度、超声时间及料液比,设计三因素三水平的响应面分析方案[14]表1
参考Li[15]方法稍作修改来评价蒙古韭总黄酮对胰脂肪酶活性的影响,将样品(0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8和1 mg/ml)与胰脂肪酶(Tris-HCl缓冲液,pH8.0)于37 ℃孵育20 min,加入PNPP底物后检测405 nm吸光度变化。评价蒙古韭总黄酮对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的影响参考Yu[16]等的方法,样品(2.4、4.8、7.2、9.6和12 mg/ml)与酶液(PBS,pH6.9)孵育10 min,加入对硝基苯基-β-D吡喃葡萄糖苷底物后检测405 nm吸光度。计算胰脂肪酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率和IC50值,以mg/ml表示。
30只7周龄SPF级雄性C57BL/6J小鼠,须经过一周的适应性喂养,再将其随机分成五组,每组六只,分别是对照组(CON)、高脂组(HFD)、低剂量组(HFD-L)、中剂量组(HFD-M)、高剂量组(HFD-H)。CON组小鼠给予正常维持饲料,其余四组给予高脂饲料诱导肥胖,同时CON组和HFD组灌胃0.9%氯化钠溶液,HFD-L、HFD-M、HFD-H组分别灌胃浓度为0.75、1.5和2.25 g/kg的蒙古韭总黄酮,每天灌胃一次,连续8周,每周记录小鼠体重和进食量。末次灌胃后禁食不禁水12 h,注射戊巴比妥钠进行麻醉,摘眼球取血至EP管中,静置30 min后3 000 r/min离心20 min,收集血清,测定TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、AST、ALT和血糖水平;剥离肝脏、附睾脂肪、肠系膜脂肪、肾周脂肪、棕色脂肪,称重,计算脂体比;肝脏、附睾脂肪进行苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色。
使用SPSS 26.0软件对实验数据进行整理和分析。实验数据采用单因素方差分析,用()表示,检验水准α=0.05。使用Graphpad Prism 9.5.0和Design Expert 13.0进行绘图。
图1所示,粉末粒径为80~100目、乙醇浓度为70%、提取时间20 min、液料比35:1 ml/g、提取温度40 ℃、超声波功率为65%时,均得到最大的蒙古韭总黄酮得率。
以蒙古韭总黄酮得率为响应值,经过回归拟合后所得各个试验因素对其得率的回归方程为:Y=10.84+0.604 5A+0.231 5B+0.269 1C+0.477 7AB+ 0.054 1AC-0.450 2BC-2.48A2-0.587 2B2-1.12C2。见表2
对回归模型的方差分析结果见表3,该模型回归显著(P<0.001),表明自变量与响应值之间的模型关系显著;失拟项(P=0.361 5)不显著,说明回归方程与实际情况拟合良好;并且该模型决定系数R2= 0.986 6,提示该模型能够解释98.66%的响应值变化,可以用此模型来分析和预测超声波辅助提取总黄酮的得率。由F值得到的因素贡献率为:A>C>B,即乙醇浓度>液料比>提取时间。对模型各项进行方差分析可知,模型中一次项A(乙醇浓度)、交互项A2、C2对蒙古韭总黄酮得率的影响为非常显著(P<0.01),一次项C(液料比)、交互项AB、B2、BC对WA总黄酮得率的影响为显著(P<0.05),一次项B(提取时间)、交互项AC对蒙古韭总黄酮得率的影响不显著(P>0.05)。
以上结果表明,蒙古韭总黄酮提取的最佳条件是物料粒径为90目,70%乙醇,料液比为35∶1(ml/g),在温度为40 ℃时,超声波功率为65%提取20 min。在此条件下,蒙古韭总黄酮的提取能够获得最高得率为(10.43±0.52)mg/g。
图2所示,随蒙古韭总黄酮浓度不断增大,其对胰脂肪酶以及α-葡糖苷酶活性所产生的抑制率也在不断提高。此时蒙古韭总黄酮对胰脂肪酶活性的IC50为0.99 mg/ml,对α-葡糖苷酶活性的IC50为5.17 mg/ml。
由各组小鼠的体重和摄食量变化趋势图可知,随着小鼠饲养时间的延长,各组小鼠的体重均产生不同程度变化,见图3A;但各组之间的摄食量并不随时间变化而产生显著差异,见图3B;各组小鼠内脏脂肪重量及脂体比结果显示,相较CON组,HFD组体重、内脏脂肪重量和脂体比均增大(P<0.05),与HFD组相比,HFD-M、HFD-H组的体重、内脏脂肪重量和脂体比均出现不同程度的下降(P<0.05),HFD-L组无明显变化(P>0.05)。见表4
各组小鼠血清生化结果显示,与CON组相比,HFD组小鼠血清的TG、TC、LDL-C、ALT、AST和血糖水平都显著升高(P<0.05);与HFD组相比,中、高剂量蒙古韭总黄酮干预后的小鼠血清TG、TC、LDL-C、ALT、AST和血糖含量出现不同程度的下降(P<0.05),低剂量组无明显改变(P>0.05),此外,中、高剂量组小鼠HDL-C含量显著升高(P<0.05),低剂量组无明显改变(P>0.05)。见图4
肝脏形态学分析显示,CON组肝脏呈现典型鲜红色外观且体积适中,见图5A。HFD组及HFD-L组则表现出显著肝肿大及特征性苍白色改变,提示脂质蓄积异常。与HFD组相比,HFD-M、HFD-H组肝脏色泽恢复,体积较HFD组缩小。肝组织病理学观察发现,CON组肝小叶结构完整,肝细胞呈放射状排列,见图5B;而HFD组及HFD-L组表现为肝细胞肿胀及脂滴空泡化,HFD-M和HFD-H组脂滴空泡面积显著减少,且肝索结构基本恢复正常。脂肪组织切片分析进一步发现,HFD和HFD-L组脂肪细胞直径较CON组增加,呈现病理性肥大特征;HFD-M和HFD-H组脂肪细胞体积回缩,见图5C
肥胖是一种复杂的代谢性疾病,其特征是身体脂肪过度积累[17]。长期高脂饮食是导致肥胖和高脂血症的危险因素之一[18]。课题组优化了蒙古韭总黄酮的提取方法,通过体外实验探讨蒙古韭总黄酮对胰脂肪酶、α-葡糖苷酶活性的影响,同时通过动物实验考察蒙古韭总黄酮对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠血清生化指标和肝脏、脂肪组织病理的影响。
α-葡萄糖苷酶是一种由肠慢性上皮分泌的碳水化合物水解酶,可以刺激双糖和寡糖分解为可吸收的碳水化合物,是必不可少的消化酶[19]。此外,胰脂肪酶由胰腺分泌,可以在肠道中催化脂肪中的甘油三酯水解为游离脂肪酸和甘油单酯,是脂质消化中最重要的酶[20]。研究发现,蒙古韭总黄酮对α-葡萄糖苷酶和胰脂肪酶活性有一定的的抑制作用,从而推测蒙古韭总黄酮在体内也可以通过抑制这两种关键酶来调节血糖和血脂代谢从而改善宿主肥胖。
蒙古韭总黄酮干预组小鼠的摄食量与HFD组和CON组并无明显差异,但体重却呈现剂量依赖性下降,说明蒙古韭总黄酮对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠的改善作用并不依赖于食欲抑制。TC和LDL-C异常升高会增加肥胖的风险,HDL-C可以清除血管内的LDL-C,当机体内脂肪代谢紊乱时,上述指标就会出现异常[21]。灌胃中、高剂量蒙古韭总黄酮显著降低了小鼠血清TG、TC、LDL-C含量,提高HDL-C水平,表明蒙古韭总黄酮可以改善宿主脂肪代谢紊乱。高脂饮食会对肝脏产生脂毒性进而导致肝损伤,血清中ALT、AST水平代表肝脏的损伤程度[22]。中、高剂量组小鼠血清ALT、AST水平降低接近CON组水平,低剂量组无明显改变,说明一定剂量的蒙古韭总黄酮具有降低高脂饮食诱导肥胖小鼠肝脏脂毒性的作用,减轻肝损伤程度。肝脏和脂肪组织HE染色可以看出,蒙古韭总黄酮低剂量组干预并没有对小鼠肝脏和脂肪组织产生明显影响,中、高剂量干预后,肝脏外观恢复并接近CON组,脂质沉积和脂肪细胞肥大得到显著改善,表明蒙古韭总黄酮对肝脏和脂肪组织可能呈剂量依赖型保护。
综上所述,在优化的提取工艺下,蒙古韭总黄酮得率为(10.43±0.52)mg/g,蒙古韭总黄酮对胰脂肪酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性有一定的抑制作用,IC50分别为0.99和5.17 mg/ml。一定剂量的蒙古韭总黄酮改善了高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠的血清生化指标与肝脏、脂肪组织病理变化从而预防肥胖。本研究为肥胖的预防和治疗提供了新的潜在手段,也为蒙古韭在功能食品和植物药领域的产业化应用奠定了转化基础。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82460645)
  • 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021LHMS08017)
  • 内蒙古自治区卫生健康委医疗卫生科技计划项目(202201368)
  • 内蒙古高校青年科技英才计划项目(NJYT22119)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503244
  • 接收时间:2025-03-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-15
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82460645)
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021LHMS08017)
内蒙古自治区卫生健康委医疗卫生科技计划项目(202201368)
内蒙古高校青年科技英才计划项目(NJYT22119)
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    内蒙古科技大学包头医学院公共卫生学院,内蒙古 包头 014040

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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