Article(id=1241329576199114948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241329570129956900, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412276, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734192000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773885633753, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773885633753, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773885633753, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773885633753, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241329570129956900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='13', pageStart='2305', pageEnd='2496', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773885632307, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773885763730, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241330121425080472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241329570129956900, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241330121425080473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241329570129956900, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2412, endPage=2417, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241329578069774550, articleId=1241329576199114948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Risk preference types among Chinese residents and their impact on underutilization of cancer screening services, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

Cancer screening services represent the optimal approach for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer, reducing incidence rates, improving survival rates, and optimizing healthcare resource allocation. However, individuals often exhibit irrational behaviors, such as underutilization of these services, due to inherent differences in risk preference types.This study aimed to investigate the influence of risk preference types on the underutilization of cancer screening services among Chinese residents.

Methods

A multistage stratified random sampling method was employed to survey 2 211 respondents aged ≥18 years across China from September to December 2019. Individual risk preference types were measured using the multiple price list (MPL) design, and multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze their impact on the underutilization of cancer screening services.

Results

Among the 2 211 participants, 39.48% were risk-seeking, and 51.87% underutilized cancer screening.Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant associations between underutilization and age, gender, education level, commercial health insurance participation, chronic disease status, family history, and distance to the nearest preventive healthcare facility (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that risk-seeking behavior (risk-seeking vs. non-risk-seeking: OR=2.065, 95% CI: 1.414-3.015), age, male gender (vs. female: OR=1.705, 95% CI: 1.196-2.431), chronic disease (yes vs. no: OR=2.406, 95% CI: 1.465-3.951), family history (yes vs. no: OR=5.823, 95% CI: 2.837-11.965), and distance to the nearest preventive healthcare facility (1 000-2 000 m vs. <1 000 m: OR=2.434, 95%CI: 1.068-5.547; >2 000 m vs. <1 000 m: OR=24.090, 95%CI:3.950-144.907) were positively associated with underutilization (P < 0.05). Conversely, purchasing commercial insurance (yes vs.no: OR=0.534, 95%CI: 0.334-0.853) was negatively associated with underutilization (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Residents’ decisions regarding cancer screening utilization are primarily influenced by their perceived risk of cancer and potential losses associated with screening. Governments and communities should enhance service accessibility, improve risk awareness, and emphasize the health consequences of non-screening to promote screening participation.

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目的

癌症筛查服务是提高癌症早发现、早诊断和早治疗,并降低癌症发病率、提高生存率、优化医疗资源分配的最理想方法。但是,个体常因为内在风险偏好类型差异而做出不愿利用癌症筛查服务的非理性行为。因此,本文在了解我国居民风险偏好类型的基础上,探究其对居民癌症筛查服务利用不足的影响。

方法

采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,于2019年9—12月在我国抽取2 211名年龄≥ 18岁的受访者进行问卷调查,采用多元价格序列设计(MPL设计)测量个体风险偏好类型,采用多因素logistic回归分析其对我国居民癌症筛查服务利用不足的影响。

结果

研究共纳入2 211名研究对象,其中39.48%的居民偏好风险,51.87%的居民对癌症筛查利用不足。单因素分析结果显示,年龄、性别、受教育程度、参加商业医疗保险、患有慢性病、家族病史、到最近的预防保健机构的距离对居民利用癌症筛查服务的影响具有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,偏好风险(偏好风险vs.无偏好风险:OR=2.065,95%CI:1.414~3.015)、年龄、性别(男vs.女:OR=1.705,95%CI:1.196~2.431)、患有慢性病(是vs.否:OR=2.406,95%CI:1.465~3.951)、家族病史(是vs.否:OR=5.823,95%CI:2.837~11.965)、与最近的预防保健机构的距离(1 000~2 000 m vs.<1 000 m:OR=2.434,95%CI:1.068~5.547;>2 000 m vs.<1 000 m:OR=24.090,95%CI:3.950~144.907)与癌症筛查服务利用不足呈正相关(P<0.05)。而购买商业保险(是vs.否:OR=0.534,95%CI:0.334~0.853)与癌症筛查服务利用不足呈负相关(P<0.05)。

结论

居民在癌症筛查服务利用中更多依据其罹患癌症的风险以及癌症筛查服务所带来的损失而做出决策。未来,政府和社区应优化筛查服务可及性,提升居民对癌症患病风险的认知,并强调不筛查可能导致的健康损失,提高居民利用癌症筛查服务的积极性。

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陆姣,E-mail:
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赵恒(1998—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:数字健康、行为决策与健康管理

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赵恒(1998—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:数字健康、行为决策与健康管理

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Journal of Shanxi Finance and Economics University, 2015, 37(5): 14-24.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Medical insurance, health services utilization and excessive demands for medical services-The impact of medical insurance on utilization of health service of the elderly, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241329755815989478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329576199114948, awardId=72474174, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(72474174), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241329755887292648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329576199114948, awardId=22YJA630059, language=CN, fundingSource=教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJA630059), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241329755992150251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329576199114948, awardId=2022T150514, language=CN, fundingSource=中国博士后科学基金第15批特别资助(2022T150514), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241329752859005097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329576199114948, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241329752867393706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329576199114948, companyId=1241329752859005097, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Medical Academy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241329752875782316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329576199114948, companyId=1241329752859005097, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山西医科大学医学科学院,山西 太原 030000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241329752980639918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329576199114948, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241329752993222831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329576199114948, companyId=1241329752980639918, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.山西医科大学公共卫生学院,山西 太原 030000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241329753077108913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329576199114948, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241329753089691826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329576199114948, companyId=1241329753077108913, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院,陕西 西安 710000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241329754721276115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329576199114948, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The utilization of cancer screening among residents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
癌症筛查服务利用不足癌症筛查服务无利用不足
一般人群1 027996
高危人群12068
), ArticleFig(id=1241329754796773589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329576199114948, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

居民癌症筛查利用情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
癌症筛查服务利用不足癌症筛查服务无利用不足
一般人群1 027996
高危人群12068
), ArticleFig(id=1241329754918408407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329576199114948, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Payoff matrix for MPL experimental design in healthcare

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号措施A措施B预期收益的差异(A-B)从措施A切换到措施B的相对风险规避系数范围
110%的概率有200个健康天数,90%的概率有160个健康天数10%的概率有385个健康天数,90%的概率有10个健康天数117个健康天数r<-1.71
220%的概率有200个健康天数,80%的概率有160个健康天数20%的概率有385个健康天数,80%的概率有10个健康天数83个健康天数-1.71<r <-0.95
330%的概率有200个健康天数,70%的概率有160个健康天数30%的概率有385个健康天数,70%的概率有10个健康天数50个健康天数-0.95<r<-0.49
440%的概率有200个健康天数,60%的概率有160个健康天数40%的概率有385个健康天数,60%的概率有10个健康天数17个健康天数-0.49<r<-0.15
550%的概率有200个健康天数,50%的概率有160个健康天数50%的概率有385个健康天数,50%的概率有10个健康天数-16个健康天数-0.15<r<0.14
660%的概率有200个健康天数,40%的概率有160个健康天数60%的概率有385个健康天数,40%的概率有10个健康天数-48个健康天数0.14<r<0.41
770%的概率有200个健康天数,30%的概率有160个健康天数70%的概率有385个健康天数,30%的概率有10个健康天数-80个健康天数0.41<r<0.68
880%的概率有200个健康天数,20%的概率有160个健康天数80%的概率有385个健康天数,20%的概率有10个健康天数-118个健康天数0.68<r<0.97
990%的概率有200个健康天数,10%的概率有160个健康天数90%的概率有385个健康天数,10%的概率有10个健康天数-151个健康天数0.97<r<1.37
10100%的概率有200个健康天数,0%的概率有160个健康天数100%的概率有385个健康天数,0%的概率有10个健康天数-185个健康天数1.37<r
), ArticleFig(id=1241329755069403353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329576199114948, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

医疗背景下多元价格序列设计实验的收益矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号措施A措施B预期收益的差异(A-B)从措施A切换到措施B的相对风险规避系数范围
110%的概率有200个健康天数,90%的概率有160个健康天数10%的概率有385个健康天数,90%的概率有10个健康天数117个健康天数r<-1.71
220%的概率有200个健康天数,80%的概率有160个健康天数20%的概率有385个健康天数,80%的概率有10个健康天数83个健康天数-1.71<r <-0.95
330%的概率有200个健康天数,70%的概率有160个健康天数30%的概率有385个健康天数,70%的概率有10个健康天数50个健康天数-0.95<r<-0.49
440%的概率有200个健康天数,60%的概率有160个健康天数40%的概率有385个健康天数,60%的概率有10个健康天数17个健康天数-0.49<r<-0.15
550%的概率有200个健康天数,50%的概率有160个健康天数50%的概率有385个健康天数,50%的概率有10个健康天数-16个健康天数-0.15<r<0.14
660%的概率有200个健康天数,40%的概率有160个健康天数60%的概率有385个健康天数,40%的概率有10个健康天数-48个健康天数0.14<r<0.41
770%的概率有200个健康天数,30%的概率有160个健康天数70%的概率有385个健康天数,30%的概率有10个健康天数-80个健康天数0.41<r<0.68
880%的概率有200个健康天数,20%的概率有160个健康天数80%的概率有385个健康天数,20%的概率有10个健康天数-118个健康天数0.68<r<0.97
990%的概率有200个健康天数,10%的概率有160个健康天数90%的概率有385个健康天数,10%的概率有10个健康天数-151个健康天数0.97<r<1.37
10100%的概率有200个健康天数,0%的概率有160个健康天数100%的概率有385个健康天数,0%的概率有10个健康天数-185个健康天数1.37<r
), ArticleFig(id=1241329755220398299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329576199114948, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Single-factor analysis results on underuse of cancer screening services among residents [n(%)]

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变量名称利用不足(n=1 147)无利用不足(n=1 064)总计(n=2 211)χ2/ZP
偏好风险
474(41.33)399(37.50)873(39.48)3.3800.066
673(58.67)665(62.50)1 338(60.52)
年龄(岁)50(47, 56)21(19, 34)45(21, 50)-38.947<0.001
性别
721(62.86)421(39.57)1 142(51.65)119.911<0.001
426(37.14)643(60.43)1 069(48.35)
受教育程度
小学及以下194(16.91)27(2.54)221(10.00)
初中303(26.42)106(9.96)409(18.50)277.393<0.001
高中及中专342(29.82)562(52.82)904(40.89)
大专及以上308(26.85)369(34.68)677(30.62)
购买商业医疗保险
128(11.16)233(21.90)361(16.33)46.595<0.001
1 019(88.84)831(78.10)1 850(83.67)
患有慢性病
432(37.66)91(8.55)523(23.65)259.018<0.001
715(62.34)973(91.45)1 688(76.35)
家庭人均月收入(元)
<5 000968(84.39)888(83.46)1 856(83.94)
5 000 ~10 000175(15.26)165(15.51)340(15.38)3.8990.142
>10 0004(0.35)11(1.03)15(0.68)
家族病史
120(10.46)68(6.39)188(8.5)11.7590.001
1 027(89.54)996(93.61)2 023(91.5)
与最近的医疗预防保健机构的距离(m)
<1 000925(88.77)1 030(96.80)1 955(88.42)145.654<0.001
1 000~2 000117(10.20)28(2.63)145(6.56)
>2 000105(9.15)6(0.56)111(5.02)
), ArticleFig(id=1241329755321061597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329576199114948, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

居民癌症筛查服务利用不足的单因素分析结果[n(%)]

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变量名称利用不足(n=1 147)无利用不足(n=1 064)总计(n=2 211)χ2/ZP
偏好风险
474(41.33)399(37.50)873(39.48)3.3800.066
673(58.67)665(62.50)1 338(60.52)
年龄(岁)50(47, 56)21(19, 34)45(21, 50)-38.947<0.001
性别
721(62.86)421(39.57)1 142(51.65)119.911<0.001
426(37.14)643(60.43)1 069(48.35)
受教育程度
小学及以下194(16.91)27(2.54)221(10.00)
初中303(26.42)106(9.96)409(18.50)277.393<0.001
高中及中专342(29.82)562(52.82)904(40.89)
大专及以上308(26.85)369(34.68)677(30.62)
购买商业医疗保险
128(11.16)233(21.90)361(16.33)46.595<0.001
1 019(88.84)831(78.10)1 850(83.67)
患有慢性病
432(37.66)91(8.55)523(23.65)259.018<0.001
715(62.34)973(91.45)1 688(76.35)
家庭人均月收入(元)
<5 000968(84.39)888(83.46)1 856(83.94)
5 000 ~10 000175(15.26)165(15.51)340(15.38)3.8990.142
>10 0004(0.35)11(1.03)15(0.68)
家族病史
120(10.46)68(6.39)188(8.5)11.7590.001
1 027(89.54)996(93.61)2 023(91.5)
与最近的医疗预防保健机构的距离(m)
<1 000925(88.77)1 030(96.80)1 955(88.42)145.654<0.001
1 000~2 000117(10.20)28(2.63)145(6.56)
>2 000105(9.15)6(0.56)111(5.02)
), ArticleFig(id=1241329755497222367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329576199114948, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Logistic regression analysis on underuse of cancer screening services and factors such as risk preference

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变量(参照组)水平β Wald χ2OR值 (95%CIP
年龄实际年龄0.2780.015354.8521.321(1.283~1.359)<0.001
偏好风险(Ref:否)0.7250.19314.1022.065(1.414~3.015)<0.001
性别(Ref:女)0.5340.1818.6991.705(1.196~2.431)0.003
初中-0.2920.3860.5750.746(0.351~1.589)0.448
受教育程度(Ref:小学及以下)高中及中专-0.1660.3790.1920.847(0.403~1.780)0.661
大专及以上-0.7190.3683.8210.487(0.237~1.002)0.051
家庭人均月收入(元,Ref;<5 000)5 000 ~10 000-0.0090.2480.0010.991(0.609~1.613)0.972
>10 0000.9311.3150.5012.537(0.193~33.394)0.479
购买商业医疗保险(Ref:否)-0.6290.2396.9150.533(0.333~0.852)0.009
患有慢性病(Ref:否)0.8780.25312.0272.406(1.465~3.951)0.001
家族病史(Ref:否)1.7620.36723.0655.823(2.837~11.952)0.001
与最近的预防保健机构的距离1 000~2 0000.8890.4204.4472.434 (1.068~5.547)0.034
(m,Ref:<1 000)>2 0003.1820.92211.89724.090(3.950~146.907)0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241329755627245793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329576199114948, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

癌症筛查服务利用不足与风险偏好等因素的logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量(参照组)水平β Wald χ2OR值 (95%CIP
年龄实际年龄0.2780.015354.8521.321(1.283~1.359)<0.001
偏好风险(Ref:否)0.7250.19314.1022.065(1.414~3.015)<0.001
性别(Ref:女)0.5340.1818.6991.705(1.196~2.431)0.003
初中-0.2920.3860.5750.746(0.351~1.589)0.448
受教育程度(Ref:小学及以下)高中及中专-0.1660.3790.1920.847(0.403~1.780)0.661
大专及以上-0.7190.3683.8210.487(0.237~1.002)0.051
家庭人均月收入(元,Ref;<5 000)5 000 ~10 000-0.0090.2480.0010.991(0.609~1.613)0.972
>10 0000.9311.3150.5012.537(0.193~33.394)0.479
购买商业医疗保险(Ref:否)-0.6290.2396.9150.533(0.333~0.852)0.009
患有慢性病(Ref:否)0.8780.25312.0272.406(1.465~3.951)0.001
家族病史(Ref:否)1.7620.36723.0655.823(2.837~11.952)0.001
与最近的预防保健机构的距离1 000~2 0000.8890.4204.4472.434 (1.068~5.547)0.034
(m,Ref:<1 000)>2 0003.1820.92211.89724.090(3.950~146.907)0.001
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我国居民的风险偏好类型及其对癌症筛查服务利用不足的影响
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赵恒 1, 2 , 陆姣 1, 3
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2025,52(13): 2412-2417
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现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2025, 52(13): 2412-2417
我国居民的风险偏好类型及其对癌症筛查服务利用不足的影响
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赵恒1, 2, 陆姣1, 3
作者信息
  • 1.山西医科大学医学科学院,山西 太原 030000
  • 2.山西医科大学公共卫生学院,山西 太原 030000
  • 3.西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院,陕西 西安 710000
  • 赵恒(1998—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:数字健康、行为决策与健康管理

通讯作者:

陆姣,E-mail:
Risk preference types among Chinese residents and their impact on underutilization of cancer screening services
Heng ZHAO1, 2, Jiao LU1, 3
Affiliations
  • Medical Academy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, China
出版时间: 2025-07-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412276
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目的

癌症筛查服务是提高癌症早发现、早诊断和早治疗,并降低癌症发病率、提高生存率、优化医疗资源分配的最理想方法。但是,个体常因为内在风险偏好类型差异而做出不愿利用癌症筛查服务的非理性行为。因此,本文在了解我国居民风险偏好类型的基础上,探究其对居民癌症筛查服务利用不足的影响。

方法

采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,于2019年9—12月在我国抽取2 211名年龄≥ 18岁的受访者进行问卷调查,采用多元价格序列设计(MPL设计)测量个体风险偏好类型,采用多因素logistic回归分析其对我国居民癌症筛查服务利用不足的影响。

结果

研究共纳入2 211名研究对象,其中39.48%的居民偏好风险,51.87%的居民对癌症筛查利用不足。单因素分析结果显示,年龄、性别、受教育程度、参加商业医疗保险、患有慢性病、家族病史、到最近的预防保健机构的距离对居民利用癌症筛查服务的影响具有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,偏好风险(偏好风险vs.无偏好风险:OR=2.065,95%CI:1.414~3.015)、年龄、性别(男vs.女:OR=1.705,95%CI:1.196~2.431)、患有慢性病(是vs.否:OR=2.406,95%CI:1.465~3.951)、家族病史(是vs.否:OR=5.823,95%CI:2.837~11.965)、与最近的预防保健机构的距离(1 000~2 000 m vs.<1 000 m:OR=2.434,95%CI:1.068~5.547;>2 000 m vs.<1 000 m:OR=24.090,95%CI:3.950~144.907)与癌症筛查服务利用不足呈正相关(P<0.05)。而购买商业保险(是vs.否:OR=0.534,95%CI:0.334~0.853)与癌症筛查服务利用不足呈负相关(P<0.05)。

结论

居民在癌症筛查服务利用中更多依据其罹患癌症的风险以及癌症筛查服务所带来的损失而做出决策。未来,政府和社区应优化筛查服务可及性,提升居民对癌症患病风险的认知,并强调不筛查可能导致的健康损失,提高居民利用癌症筛查服务的积极性。

风险偏好  /  癌症筛查  /  服务利用  /  相关性
Objective

Cancer screening services represent the optimal approach for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer, reducing incidence rates, improving survival rates, and optimizing healthcare resource allocation. However, individuals often exhibit irrational behaviors, such as underutilization of these services, due to inherent differences in risk preference types.This study aimed to investigate the influence of risk preference types on the underutilization of cancer screening services among Chinese residents.

Methods

A multistage stratified random sampling method was employed to survey 2 211 respondents aged ≥18 years across China from September to December 2019. Individual risk preference types were measured using the multiple price list (MPL) design, and multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze their impact on the underutilization of cancer screening services.

Results

Among the 2 211 participants, 39.48% were risk-seeking, and 51.87% underutilized cancer screening.Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant associations between underutilization and age, gender, education level, commercial health insurance participation, chronic disease status, family history, and distance to the nearest preventive healthcare facility (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that risk-seeking behavior (risk-seeking vs. non-risk-seeking: OR=2.065, 95% CI: 1.414-3.015), age, male gender (vs. female: OR=1.705, 95% CI: 1.196-2.431), chronic disease (yes vs. no: OR=2.406, 95% CI: 1.465-3.951), family history (yes vs. no: OR=5.823, 95% CI: 2.837-11.965), and distance to the nearest preventive healthcare facility (1 000-2 000 m vs. <1 000 m: OR=2.434, 95%CI: 1.068-5.547; >2 000 m vs. <1 000 m: OR=24.090, 95%CI:3.950-144.907) were positively associated with underutilization (P < 0.05). Conversely, purchasing commercial insurance (yes vs.no: OR=0.534, 95%CI: 0.334-0.853) was negatively associated with underutilization (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Residents’ decisions regarding cancer screening utilization are primarily influenced by their perceived risk of cancer and potential losses associated with screening. Governments and communities should enhance service accessibility, improve risk awareness, and emphasize the health consequences of non-screening to promote screening participation.

Risk preference  /  Cancer screening  /  Service utilization  /  Correlation
赵恒, 陆姣. 我国居民的风险偏好类型及其对癌症筛查服务利用不足的影响. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (13) : 2412 -2417 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412276
Heng ZHAO, Jiao LU. Risk preference types among Chinese residents and their impact on underutilization of cancer screening services[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (13) : 2412 -2417 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412276
癌症是造成我国居民死亡的主要疾病之一,是我国重大的公共卫生问题之一[1]。根据国家癌症中心数据显示,2022年,我国癌症发病率和死亡率分别为341.75/10万、182.34/10万[2],均高于全球同期平均水平[3],给社会带来了巨大的疾病负担。癌症筛查服务有助于癌前病变的早识别、早诊断和早治疗,是减少癌症发病率和死亡率[4],并减轻癌症疾病负担的最有效途径[5]。尽管我国自1958年启动癌症筛查服务项目并在过去的数十年中逐步扩大覆盖范围[6],但居民对于癌症筛查服务的利用率仍处于较低水平[7-8]。研究发现,我国居民对癌症筛查服务的利用不足不仅与居民收入水平、医疗保障等社会经济因素相关[9],而且受到居民对风险的心理态度(即风险偏好)的影响[10]
风险偏好是指个体在面临不确定性决策时,对潜在风险的主观倾向性态度[11]。现有研究中,风险偏好已作为影响个体健康决策的重要因素之一,用于分析其对个体的流感疫苗接种、慢性病患者自我管理依从、癌症筛查服务利用等健康决策的影响[12-14]。在风险偏好对居民癌症筛查服务利用影响的研究中,已有研究发现风险偏好较高的个体更倾向于低估疾病的风险性,导致癌症筛查服务利用不足[14]。当居民具有癌症筛查服务需求时,居民可能会在可能患癌的风险以及癌症筛查服务的收益(降低患癌风险等)和损失(短期焦虑、费用等)之间进行合理权衡[15]。偏好风险的个体因为对患癌风险的敏感性较低,降低了居民的保护性动机[16],进而导致个体不倾向于不使用或很少使用癌症筛查服务。而无风险偏好的个体在规避患癌风险的同时,可能也会因为规避癌症筛查服务利用中的损失并低估癌症筛查所带来的收益,而导致其对癌症筛查服务利用的不足。
尽管现有部分研究探讨了风险偏好与居民癌症筛查服务利用的关系,但仍存在两方面不足。一方面,现有研究在测量个体风险偏好程度时,没有根据特定情境设计实验场景;另一方面,现有研究忽视了个体在进行癌症筛查服务利用决策时,对癌症患病风险及筛查服务风险和收益的比较,可能低估了无偏好风险个体的癌症筛查服务利用不足。因此本文针对癌症筛查服务,设计多元价格序列实验测量个体风险偏好,并运用多因素logistic回归分析,从居民风险偏好的视角,研究居民风险偏好对癌症筛查服务利用不足的影响。
本研究采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法。首先按各地区医疗机构数量作为区域医疗发展水平指标,将我国所有省级行政区域划分为高、中、低三个层次(不包含港澳台地区),每层随机抽取2个省级行政区域,共6个省。随后依次从每个省级行政区域中随机抽取2个地级行政区域,每个地级行政区域中随机抽取2个县级行政区域,每个县级行政区域中随机抽取2个乡镇级行政区域,每个乡镇级行政区域中随机抽取2个社区(行政村),最终在确定的96个社区(行政村)中,按随机数表法,从每个社区随机抽取28名年龄≥18岁的人群进行问卷调查。所用方法均按照相关指导原则和法规进行,共回收问卷2 688份,剔除因遗漏关键信息或填写明显错误而无效的问卷477份,最终获得有效问卷2 211份,问卷有效回收率为82.25%。研究经山西医科大学伦理委员会批准(编号:2018LL232),所有研究对象均知情同意。
本研究中的被解释变量为居民的癌症筛查服务利用不足。结合上海市抗癌协会联合复旦大学附属肿瘤医院发布的《居民常见恶性肿瘤筛查和预防推荐(2019年)》,以居民癌症筛查行为来衡量癌症筛查服务利用情况。问卷调查了直肠癌、肝癌、甲状腺癌、淋巴癌、食道癌、胰腺癌、胆囊癌和膀胱癌的相应筛查行为。由于一般人群和高危人群的推荐筛查频率不同,本研究首先根据癌症家族病史判断居民是否属于高危人群,然后根据《居民常见恶性肿瘤筛查与预防建议(2021年)》确定被解释变量[17]。当一般人群或高危人群没有使用或使用任何一项或多项癌症筛查服务的频率低于建议的筛查频率,代表居民癌症筛查服务利用不足,取值为1,否则取0。见表1
本文采用实验经济学方法测量个体的风险偏好。多元价格序列设计(MPL设计)是实验经济学中广泛使用的一种衡量用户风险偏好的方法[18],参考Galizzi等人[19]的研究,通过观察个体的决策习惯,当措施A的稳定健康天数下降到一定程度时,他们会放弃措施A,转而选择措施B,从而间接推断出他们的风险偏好。如果估计值为负数,则表示该个体为偏好风险;如果估计值为正数,则表示个体为规避风险。因此,当居民为偏好风险时,取值为1,否则,取值为0。见表2
借鉴国内外学者的相关研究,本文从个体特征与家庭特征两个方面,引入相关解释变量。个人特征方面包括年龄(连续变量:岁)、性别(1=男,0=女)、受教育程度(1=小学及以下,2=初中,3=高中及中专,4=大专及以上)、参加商业保险(1=是,0=否)、患有慢性病(1=是,0=否);家庭特征方面包括家庭人均月收入(1=<5 000元,2=5 000~ 10 000元,3=>10 000元)、家族病史(1=是,0=否)、到最近的预防保健机构的距离(1=<1 000 m,2=1 000~2 000 m,3=2 000 m)。
本研究采用Stata 17.0软件进行统计学分析。对于不符合正态分布的定量资料采用[MP25P75)]描述;定性资料采用频数和比例描述,利用Mann-Whitney U检验或χ2检验进行组间差异比较。采用多因素logistic回归分析居民癌症筛查服务利用不足的影响因素,检验水准α=0.05。
在纳入的2 211名研究对象中,高危人群占比23.65%(523人),一般人群占比76.35%(1 688人),51.87%(1 147人)的居民对癌症筛查服务利用不足。同时偏好风险的居民占比39.48%(873人),无偏好风险的居民占比60.52%(1 338人)。其他变量的描述性统计见表3
以居民癌症筛查服务利用不足为因变量,以选取的偏好风险、年龄、性别、受教育程度、参加商业医疗保险、患有慢性病、家庭人均月收入、家族病史、到最近的预防保健机构的距离为自变量进行单因素分析。结果如表2所示,年龄、性别、受教育程度、参加商业医疗保险、患有慢性病、家族病史、到最近的预防保健机构的距离的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
为进一步探究风险偏好对居民癌症筛查服务利用不足的影响因素,本研究以癌症筛查服务利用不足(0=无利用不足,1=利用不足)为因变量,依次将风险偏好及其他解释变量作为自变量纳入多因素logistic回归模型分析中。
多因素分析结果显示,偏好风险(偏好风险vs.无偏好风险:OR=2.065,95%CI:1.414~3.015)、年龄、性别(男vs.女:OR=1.705,95%CI:1.196~2.431)、患有慢性病(是vs.否:OR=2.406,95%CI:1.465~3.951)、家族病史(是vs.否:OR=5.823,95%CI:2.837~11.965)、与最近的预防保健机构的距离(1 000~2 000 m vs.<1 000 m:OR=2.434,95%CI:1.068~5.547;>2 000 m vs.<1 000 m:OR=24.090,95%CI:3.950~144.907)与癌症筛查服务利用不足呈正相关(P<0.05)。购买商业保险(是vs.否:OR=0.534,95%CI:0.334~0.853)与癌症筛查服务利用不足呈负相关(P<0.05)。见表4
本文通过问卷调查和多元价格序列设计方法测算了我国居民的风险偏好类型及其对癌症筛查服务利用不足的影响。研究结果表明我国51.87%的居民癌症筛查服务利用不足,这与李玉婷等人[7]的研究一致。具有风险偏好的个体越不倾向利用癌症筛查服务,而无风险偏好的个体对癌症筛查服务利用不足的影响并不显著。这表明个体在面临癌症筛查服务利用的决策时,可能并不会通过比较疾病患病损失和癌症筛查风险和收益的期望大小进行决策,而是更关注于自身对疾病患病风险,以及癌症筛查所带来的损失的判断。
另一方面,研究结果也表明,居民癌症筛查服务利用行为也受到个体和家庭因素的影响。男性、高龄人口、患有慢性病以及与预防保健机构距离越远的居民更倾向于癌症筛查服务利用不足,这与Ofoli和Batty等人[20-21]的研究一致;而购买过商业保险的居民会更加倾向于利用癌症筛查服务,这可能是由于额外购买商业保险的居民往往更具有规避疾病风险的意识[22]
根据本研究所得的结果,我们提出以下建议:一是针对具有风险偏好的人群,设计基于行为经济学的干预策略,社区及预防保健机构在推广癌症筛查服务时,应强调宣传“不筛查可能导致的健康损失”,而非“筛查带来的健康收益”,以激发具有风险偏好居民的保护性动机,强化癌症筛查的紧迫性认知。二是优化筛查服务可及性,降低利用障碍。为低收入人群提供筛查费用补贴或免费筛查服务,减轻其经济负担,并优化筛查流程,提升居民的参与意愿。
本研究做出了以下贡献。一方面,我们使用实验经济法中的多元价格序列设计,对癌症筛查服务利用情境下的居民风险偏好进行分类。另一方面,对以往文献中的癌症筛查服务利用不足问题进行了补充。
本研究仍然存在一些局限性。一是居民利用癌症筛查服务的频率依赖于自我报告,可能会受到回忆偏差的影响;二是对于风险偏好的测度上,问卷使用了假设性的风险诱发程序,这可能会在一定程度上偏离真实的风险偏好。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(72474174)
  • 教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJA630059)
  • 中国博士后科学基金第15批特别资助(2022T150514)
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2025年第52卷第13期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412276
  • 接收时间:2024-12-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-15
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(72474174)
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJA630059)
中国博士后科学基金第15批特别资助(2022T150514)
作者信息
    1.山西医科大学医学科学院,山西 太原 030000
    2.山西医科大学公共卫生学院,山西 太原 030000
    3.西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院,陕西 西安 710000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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